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Sun Y, Zuo Y, Shao Y, Wang L, Jiang LM, Hu J, Zhou C, Lu X, Huang S, Zhou Z. Carbon footprint analysis of wastewater treatment processes coupled with sludge in situ reduction. WATER RESEARCH X 2024; 24:100243. [PMID: 39188329 PMCID: PMC11345402 DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2024.100243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to assess the impacts or benefits of sludge in situ reduction (SIR) within wastewater treatment processes with relation to global warming potential in wastewater treatment plants, with a comprehensive consideration of wastewater and sludge treatment. The anaerobic side-stream reactor (ASSR) and the sludge process reduction activated sludge (SPRAS), two typical SIR technologies, were used to compare the carbon footprint analysis results with the conventional anaerobic - anoxic - oxic (AAO) process. Compared to the AAO, the ASSR with a typical sludge reduction efficiency (SRE) of 30 % increased greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 1.1 - 1.7 %, while the SPRAS with a SRE of 74 % reduced GHG emissions by 12.3 - 17.6 %. Electricity consumption (0.025 - 0.027 kg CO2-eq/m3), CO2 emissions (0.016 - 0.059 kg CO2-eq/m3), and N2O emissions (0.009 - 0.023 kg CO2-eq/m3) for the removal of secondary substrates released from sludge decay in the SIR processes were the major contributor to the increased GHG emissions from the wastewater treatment system. By lowering sludge production and the organic matter content in the sludge, the SIR processes significantly decreased the carbon footprints associated with sludge treatment and disposal. The threshold SREs of the ASSR for GHG reduction were 27.7 % and 34.6 % for the advanced dewatering - sanitary landfill and conventional dewatering - drying-incinerating routes, respectively. Overall, the SPRAS process could be considered as a cost-effective and sustainable low-carbon SIR technology for wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyue Sun
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Energy - Saving in Heat Exchange Systems, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Yi Zuo
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Energy - Saving in Heat Exchange Systems, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Yanjun Shao
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Energy - Saving in Heat Exchange Systems, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Shanghai Chengtou Wastewater Treatment Co., Ltd, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lu-Man Jiang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Energy - Saving in Heat Exchange Systems, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Jiaming Hu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Energy - Saving in Heat Exchange Systems, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Chuanting Zhou
- Shanghai Urban Construction Design and Research Institute, Shanghai 200125, China
| | - Xi Lu
- Shanghai Investigation Design and Research Institute Co., Ltd, Shanghai 200335, China
| | - Song Huang
- Shanghai Investigation Design and Research Institute Co., Ltd, Shanghai 200335, China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Energy - Saving in Heat Exchange Systems, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China
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Yan H, Chen Z, Hao Ngo H, Wang QP, Hu HY. Nitrogen and phosphorus removal performance of sequential batch operation for algal cultivation through suspended-solid phase photobioreactor. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 393:130143. [PMID: 38042434 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.130143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) absorbed by algae in the suspended-solid phase photobioreactor (ssPBR) have emerged as an efficient pathway to purify the effluent of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). However, the key operational parameters of the ssPBR need to be optimized. In this study, the stability of the system after sequential batch operations and the efficiency under various influent P concentrations were evaluated. The results demonstrated that the ssPBR maintained a high N/P removal efficiency of 96 % and 98 %, respectively, after 5 cycles. When N was kept at 15 mg/L and P ranged from 1.5 to 3.0 mg/L, the system yielded plenty of algae products and guaranteed the effluent quality that met the discharge standards. Notably, the carriers were a key contributor to the high metabolism of algae and high performance. This work provided theoretical ideas and technical guidance for effluent quality improvement in WWTPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Yan
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Qiu-Ping Wang
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hong-Ying Hu
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Beijing Laboratory for Environmental Frontier Technologies, Beijing 100084, China; Research Institute for Environmental Innovation (Suzhou), Tsinghua University, Suzhou 215163, China
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Wang Y, Liu GH, Yuan J, Li Q, Qi L, Wang H. Performance and mechanism of phosphorus adsorption removal from wastewater by a Ce-Zr-Al composite adsorbent. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-27894-2. [PMID: 37284948 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27894-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
With the increasingly serious eutrophication of global water bodies and the strict discharge standards of tail water in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), there is an urgent technology need for efficient deep phosphorus removal from wastewater. A composite cerium-based adsorbent (Ce-Zr-Al) was synthesized by coprecipitation method for the adsorption of low concentration phosphorus in water. The performance of the Ce-Zr-Al composite adsorbent was explored, and the mechanism was also revealed through the analyses including SEM, BET, XPS, and FT-IR. The results showed that the composite adsorbent had excellent phosphorus removal performance. The phosphorus removal rate reached up to 92.6%, and the phosphorus concentration in effluent was less than 0.074 mg/L. The phosphate adsorption capacity of saturation was 73.51 mg/g. The adsorption process of phosphate was in accordance with pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir model. In addition, the composite adsorbent had a high zero potential point (pH PZC= 8) and a wide range of pH application. After the repeated desorption for 10 times in NaOH solution, the composite adsorbent still maintained good adsorbability (adsorption rate > 94%). The ligand exchange and electrostatic adsorption played the main role for the phosphorus removal from water using the composite adsorbent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijin Wang
- Research Center for Low Carbon Technology of Water Environment, School of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, 59 Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Guo-Hua Liu
- Research Center for Low Carbon Technology of Water Environment, School of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, 59 Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100872, China.
| | - Junli Yuan
- Research Center for Low Carbon Technology of Water Environment, School of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, 59 Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Qiangang Li
- Research Center for Low Carbon Technology of Water Environment, School of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, 59 Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Lu Qi
- Research Center for Low Carbon Technology of Water Environment, School of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, 59 Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Hongchen Wang
- Research Center for Low Carbon Technology of Water Environment, School of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, 59 Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100872, China
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Tian Y, Wang H, Xu G, Tu Y, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Liang Y, Li A, Xie X, Peng Z, Wang Y, Xie X. Novel covalently bound organic silicon-ferrum hybrid coagulant with excellent coagulation performance and bacteriostatic ability. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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Jorge N, Teixeira AR, Lucas MS, Peres JA. Enhancement of EDDS-photo-Fenton process with plant-based coagulants for winery wastewater management. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 229:116021. [PMID: 37121349 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
To achieve an efficient remediation of a winery wastewater (WW), it was studied a physical-chemical process (coagulation-flocculation-decantation - CFD) involving plant-based coagulants (PBC) with advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), aiming to achieve the Portuguese legal limits. Initially, one invasive (Acacia dealbata) and three native species (Quercus ilex, Platanus x acerifólia and Tanacetum vulgare) were collected and used as plant-based coagulants (PBCs). The combination of Platanus acerifólia (P.a.) seeds with polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP) achieved high turbidity (97.3%) and chemical oxygen demand (COD = 48.2%) removals, from raw WW, with [PBC] = 0.1 g/L, [PVPP] = 5 mg/L, pH = 3.0, fast mix = 150 rpm/3 min, slow mix = 20 rpm/20 min, sedimentation time = 12 h. Different AOPs were studied to treat raw WW, with photo-Fenton process revealing the highest COD efficiency (88.0%). To enhance the capabilities of photo-Fenton, ethylenediamine-N,N'-disuccinic acid trisodium salt (EDDS) was assessed as a chelation agent, reducing iron precipitation. The pre-treatment of WW by PBCs followed by EDDS/photo-Fenton (pH = 6.0, [H2O2] = 175 mM, [Fe2+] = 5 mM, [EDDS] = 1 mM, T = 298 K, time = 240 min) increased the COD removal, whatever the radiation source applied (UV-C, UV-A and solar). Among the different processes, the combined P. a. seeds and UV-C/EDDS/Fenton allowed increase the WW biodegradability from 0.26 to 0.46, and achieved a COD removal of 95.7%, reaching the Portuguese legal limits. As final remark, the synergy of PBCs and EDDS/photo-Fenton is considered effective and sustainable process for raw WW remediation and water reuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Jorge
- Escuela Internacional de Doctorado (EIDO), Campus da Auga, Campus Universitário de Ourense, Universidade de Vigo, As Lagoas, 32004, Ourense, Spain; Centro de Química de Vila Real (CQVR), Departamento de Química, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ana R Teixeira
- Centro de Química de Vila Real (CQVR), Departamento de Química, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801, Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Marco S Lucas
- Centro de Química de Vila Real (CQVR), Departamento de Química, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - José A Peres
- Centro de Química de Vila Real (CQVR), Departamento de Química, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801, Vila Real, Portugal
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Guastaferro M, Baldino L, Vaiano V, Cardea S, Reverchon E. Supercritical Phase Inversion to Produce Photocatalytic Active PVDF-coHFP_TiO 2 Composites for the Degradation of Sudan Blue II Dye. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:8894. [PMID: 36556698 PMCID: PMC9782530 DOI: 10.3390/ma15248894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
TiO2-loaded poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-coHFP) membranes were produced by supercritical CO2-assisted phase inversion. Three different TiO2 loadings were tested: 10, 20, and 30 wt% with respect to the polymer. Increasing the TiO2 amount from 10 wt% to 20 wt% in the starting solution, the transition from leafy-like to leafy-cellular morphology was observed in the section of the membrane. When 30 wt% TiO2 was used, the entire membrane section showed agglomerates of TiO2 nanoparticles. These polymeric membranes were tested to remove Sudan Blue II (SB) dye from aqueous solutions. The adsorption/photocatalytic processes revealed that membrane morphology and TiO2 cluster size were the parameters that mainly affected the dye removal efficiency. Moreover, after five cycles of exposure of these membranes to UV light, SB removal was higher than 85%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Guastaferro
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano, 84084 Salerno, Italy
| | - Lucia Baldino
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano, 84084 Salerno, Italy
- C.U.G.RI., InterUniversity Research Center for the Prediction and Prevention of Major Hazards, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano, 84084 Salerno, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Vaiano
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano, 84084 Salerno, Italy
| | - Stefano Cardea
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano, 84084 Salerno, Italy
| | - Ernesto Reverchon
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano, 84084 Salerno, Italy
- C.U.G.RI., InterUniversity Research Center for the Prediction and Prevention of Major Hazards, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano, 84084 Salerno, Italy
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7
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Use of Water in Animal Production, Slaughter, and Processing. J Food Prot 2022; 85:1756-1778. [PMID: 36135720 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-22-144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Optimization of Coagulation-Flocculation Process in Efficient Arsenic Removal from Highly Contaminated Groundwater by Response Surface Methodology. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27227953. [PMID: 36432053 PMCID: PMC9693969 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated arsenic (As) contamination in water, especially groundwater, has been recognized as a major problem of catastrophic proportions. This work explores As(V) removal via the coagulation-flocculation process by use of ferric chloride coagulant and polyacrylamide k16 co-coagulant as a first time. The effects of major operating variables such as coagulant dosing (50, 125 and 200 mg/L), co-coagulant dosing (5, 12.5 and 20 mg/L), pH (6, 7and 8), fast mixing time (1, 2 and 3 min), and fast mixing speed (110, 200 and 300 rpm) on As(V) removal efficiency were investigated by a Box-Behnken statistical experiment design (BBD) and response surface methodology (RSM). According to factors F values, coagulant dosing, rapid mixing speed, pH, and co-coagulant dosing showed the most effect on As(V) removal efficiency, and the rapid mixing time factor indicated the slightest effect. The proposed quadratic model was significant with a p value < 0.0001 and has satisfactorily described the experimental data with R2 and adjusted R2 values of 0.9855 and 0.9738, respectively. Predicted model optimal conditions with target of complete As(V) removal were coagulant dosing = 197.63 ppm, co-coagulant dosing = 19.55 ppm, pH = 7.37, fast mixing time = 1.43 min and fast mixing speed = 286.77 rpm. The treatment of Nazarabad well water sample with an initial As(V) concentration of 5 mg/L under the optimal conditions removed 100% As(V) with the volume of produced sludge of 10.7 mL/200 mL. Increasing coagulant dosing, co-coagulant dosing, fast mixing time and fast mixing speed operation parameters from low-level to high-level values indicated 78%, 20%, 10.52% and 9.47% increases in volume of the produced sludge, respectively. However, a reduction of 13.63% in volume of the produced sludge resulted via pH increases.
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Shashvatt U, Amurrio F, Blaney L. Ligand-Enabled Donnan Dialysis for Phosphorus Recovery from Alum-Laden Waste Activated Sludge. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:13945-13953. [PMID: 36095332 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c02153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
While many nutrient recovery technologies target liquid waste streams, new strategies are required for effective phosphorus recovery from solid waste. This study reports an innovative ligand-enabled Donnan dialysis process to recover orthophosphate (P(V)) from alum-laden waste activated sludge (WAS). Four ligands, namely acetate, citrate, ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA), and oxalate, were evaluated for P(V) release from a synthetic sludge containing 5 mM P(V) and 25 mM Al(III) and a real, alum-laden WAS with similar contents. Citrate and EDTA released more than 95% of P(V) at doses of 30 mM, outperforming acetate and oxalate. The ligand-based solubilization strategy was coupled with Donnan dialysis to recover P(V) into a clean sodium chloride draw solution. After Donnan dialysis with the synthetic sludge, the P(V) recovery's order was as follows: EDTA (54.4%) > citrate (41.7%) > oxalate (4.3%). The P(V) recovery efficiencies were slightly lower for Donnan dialysis with real, alum-laden WAS, namely 45.1% and 25.2% for EDTA and citrate addition, respectively, due to competitive effects exerted by other dissolved species. These promising results successfully demonstrated the proof-of-concept for ligand-enabled Donnan dialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utsav Shashvatt
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Engineering Building, Room 314, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
| | - Fabian Amurrio
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Engineering Building, Room 314, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
| | - Lee Blaney
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Engineering Building, Room 314, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
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Mu Y, Luo W, Cui Z, Zhang M, Antwi P, Zhang D, Ren S. Synthesis of Fe 3O 4@Phoslock ® composites and the application in adsorption of phosphate from aqueous solution. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:60674-60686. [PMID: 35426559 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20163-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Assisted with an organosilane, Fe3O4@Phoslock® composites with different constituents were synthesized to separate phosphate from aqueous solution. The experimental adsorption data of kinetics and isothermal studies by the composites were well fitted by pseudo-second order and Freundlich models, respectively, suggesting the chemical and heterogeneous adsorption process, i.e., ligand exchange and precipitation. After loading of Fe3O4, Phoslock® became magnetic at the expense of the certain decrease of phosphate uptake from 10.4 to 8.1 mg P/g when [P]0 = 1.0 mmol/L and the solid/liquid ratio of 1.0 g/L were applied. However, compared with the original Fe3O4 nanoparticles, Fe3O4@Phoslock® showed more favorable phosphate uptake and stability against pH variation. The inhibitory influence of anionic ions on phosphate adsorption by three composites followed the order: HCO3- > humate > SiO32- > NO3- ≈ Cl- ≈ SO42-, while the facilitating effect of cations followed the order: Ca2+ > Mg2+ > NH4+. The regeneration rate was higher than 50% for all composites after recycled for 5 times by NaOH, and two of the composites successfully removed 75% phosphate from the landfill leachate treated by the Anammox process with the solid/liquid ratio of 5.0 g/L. This suggests that Fe3O4@Phoslock® composites would be a competitive adsorbent for phosphate removal from real wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Mu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Mining & Metallurgy Environmental Pollution Control, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, People's Republic of China
- School of Resources of Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wuhui Luo
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Mining & Metallurgy Environmental Pollution Control, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, People's Republic of China.
- School of Resources of Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, People's Republic of China.
- Ganzhou Technology Innovation Center for Mine Ecology Remediation, Ganzhou, 341000, People's Republic of China.
- Jiangxi Academy of Environmental Sciences, Nanchang, 330039, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zanpeng Cui
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Mining & Metallurgy Environmental Pollution Control, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, People's Republic of China
- School of Resources of Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Jiangxi Academy of Environmental Sciences, Nanchang, 330039, People's Republic of China
| | - Philip Antwi
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Mining & Metallurgy Environmental Pollution Control, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, People's Republic of China
- School of Resources of Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, People's Republic of China
| | - Dachao Zhang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Mining & Metallurgy Environmental Pollution Control, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, People's Republic of China
- School of Resources of Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, People's Republic of China
- Ganzhou Technology Innovation Center for Mine Ecology Remediation, Ganzhou, 341000, People's Republic of China
| | - Sili Ren
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Mining & Metallurgy Environmental Pollution Control, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, People's Republic of China
- School of Resources of Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, People's Republic of China
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Kamilya T, Gautam RK, Muthukumaran S, Navaratna D, Mondal S. Technical advances on current research trends and explore the future scope on nutrient recovery from waste-streams: a review and bibliometric analysis from 2000 to 2020. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:49632-49650. [PMID: 35597831 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20895-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
An exponentially growing global population has led to an increase in nutrient pollution in different aqueous bodies. Although different processes have successfully removed nutrients from wastewater on a large scale, a limited number of studies have been reported on efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and future potential of physical, chemical, and biological nutrient recovery methods to overcome the depletion of natural resources. Therefore, researchers need to understand current research trends by applying different approaches to investigate higher efficient nutrient recovery technologies. In this article, the research patterns and in-depth review of various nutrient recovery processes have been circumscribed with the application of bibliometric and attractive index (AAI) vs. activity index (AI) analysis. The performance, advantages, limitations, and future prospects of different nutrient recovery methods have also been addressed. More than 70% of study publications were published in the last decade in chemical and biological processes, which might be related to more rigorous effluent quality rules and increasing water pollution. The future prediction in the field of nutrient recovery has been predicted using S-curve analysis, and it was found that the number of publications in the saturated state in chemical methods was highest. However, the growth rate of the biological-based nutrient recovery methods is greater, which may be because of their huge research scope, cost-effectiveness, and easy operation methods. This study can assist researchers in understanding the current research scenario in nutrient recovery techniques and provide the research scope in nutrient recovery from wastewater in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuhin Kamilya
- Department of Earth and Environmental Studies, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, West Bengal, India
| | - Rajneesh Kumar Gautam
- Institute for Sustainable Industries & Liveable Cities, College of Engineering and Science, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Shobha Muthukumaran
- Institute for Sustainable Industries & Liveable Cities, College of Engineering and Science, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dimuth Navaratna
- Institute for Sustainable Industries & Liveable Cities, College of Engineering and Science, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sandip Mondal
- Department of Earth and Environmental Studies, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, West Bengal, India.
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Evaluating the integration of nanofiltration membranes in advanced water reclamation schemes using synthetic solutions: From phosphorous removal to phosphorous circularity. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.120914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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13
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Bagastyo AY, Anggrainy AD, Gatneh S, Nurhayati E, Susanti D, Widodo E, Soehartanto T, Warmadewanthi I. Study on optimization of coagulation-flocculation of fish market wastewater using bittern coagulant - response surface methodological approach. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2022; 85:3072-3087. [PMID: 35638806 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2022.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bittern contains a high ionic strength that can be used as an alternative coagulant in wastewater treatment. The magnesium content in the bittern could promote the removal of suspended particles and nutrients as settleable precipitates. This would create a more compact and manageable sludge. This study investigates the performance of bittern as a coagulant for fish market wastewater treatment. The effectiveness of bittern was evaluated based on the efficiency of pollutants removal and the amount of residual magnesium. The experiments were performed using a standard jar test. Response surface methodology (RSM) based on a two-factor central composite design (CCD) was used to design the experiment. The parameters involved were pH (7.5, 9, and 10.5) and coagulant dose (0.5, 1.5, 2.5 mL L-1). The maximum removal efficiencies (i.e., 93.3% TSS, 87.5% COD, 37.6% ammonium, and 91.3% phosphate) were recorded at pH 10.5 and 1.5 mL L-1 dose of bittern, while the optimum results (desirability value of 0.929) may occur at pH 10.5 and a dose of 1.284 mL L-1. Approximately 51% of struvite and 48% of calcite precipitates were identified in the generated sludge, which can possibly be used as supplementary material in agrochemical industry with further treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arseto Yekti Bagastyo
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia E-mail: ; Research Centre for Infrastructure and Sustainable Environment, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
| | - Anita Dwi Anggrainy
- Research Centre for Infrastructure and Sustainable Environment, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
| | - Syaima Gatneh
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia E-mail:
| | - Ervin Nurhayati
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia E-mail:
| | - Diah Susanti
- Department of Material and Metallurgical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
| | - Erwin Widodo
- Department of System and Industrial Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
| | - Totok Soehartanto
- Department of Instrumentation Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
| | - Idaa Warmadewanthi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia E-mail: ; Research Centre for Infrastructure and Sustainable Environment, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
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14
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Wang M, Liu G, Wang X. Wastewater post-coagulation sludge recycled as a multifunctional adsorbent via pyrolysis enhanced in carbon dioxide (CO 2). CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 291:132964. [PMID: 34800502 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Massive wastewater post-coagulation sludge (WPCS) generated from the tertiary treatment facilities has been regarded as an environmentally burdensome waste. Herein, to take advantage of the abundant amounts of Al/Fe (hydr)oxides, the WPCS was converted into functional char via pyrolysis under CO2 and N2 atmosphere. The higher organic matter content and porous structure of WPCS than drinking water treatment sludge made it a more suitable precursor for biochar and adsorbent production. CO2 expedited the thermolysis of the organics in WPCS and the Fe (hydr)oxides in WPCS further decreased the temperature of CO2-mediated reaction. Therefore, the corresponding products outcompeted the chars in N2, achieving ∼37% higher specific surface area, stronger aromaticity and more amorphous Al and Fe contents of 201.19 ± 2.25 and 27.03 ± 0.56 mg g-1, accompanied by more loss of surface functional groups like carboxyl and hydroxyl. Accordingly, WPCS chars under CO2 showed superior performance for removing phosphate (15.58 ± 0.19 mg g-1), along with the adsorption of heavy metal (37.17 ± 1.25 mg g-1 of Pb (II)) and dye (14.45 ± 0.11 mg g-1 of methylene blue). In sum, this study proposes a win-win strategy to convert coagulation sludges into resources and a new candidate for multifunctional adsorbent production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Guoshuai Liu
- School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xiuheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China.
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15
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Chen Y, Long J, Chen S, Xie Y, Xu Z, Ning Z, Zhang G, Xiao T, Yu M, Ke Y, Peng L, Li H. Multi-step purification of electrolytic manganese residue leachate using hydroxide sedimentation, struvite precipitation, chlorination and coagulation: Advanced removal of manganese, ammonium, and phosphate. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 805:150237. [PMID: 34818805 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Water pollution caused by the release of manganese (Mn2+) and ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) from electrolytic manganese residue (EMR) generated from industrial activities poses a serious threat to ecosystems and human health. In this study, an integrated process consisting sequentially of hydroxide sedimentation, struvite precipitation, breakpoint chlorination, and ferric chloride coagulation was optimized to remove Mn2+ and NH4+-N from EMR leachate, and to address the issue of residual orthophosphate caused by struvite precipitation. The precipitates were characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analyses. Results show that Mn2+ ions and the resulting chemical oxygen demand (COD) were mainly removed using hydroxide precipitation at a sedimentation pH of 10.2, with poor-crystalline manganese hydroxide as the main precipitate. NH4+-N was primarily removed and recovered using struvite precipitation with well crystalline struvite as the main product, and then further eliminated using breakpoint chlorination. The residual orthophosphate introduced by struvite precipitation is successfully removed with ferric coagulation, and the effluent pH (7.5) is also lowered to discharge limits by means of hydrolysis of ferric coagulant. The concentration of COD, Mn2+, NH4+-N, and orthophosphate concentrations in the final effluent were 30.52 ± 9.38, 0.026 ± 0.013, 0.87 ± 0.01, and 0.06 ± 0.002 mg/L, respectively, meeting all local discharge standards. This combined process has robust pollutant removal efficiency, high resource recovery potential and few environmental constraints; thus, it is recommended as a potential solution for the treatment of Mn2+- and NH4+-N-rich acid mine drainage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxuan Chen
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jianyou Long
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Sihao Chen
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuan Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radioactive and Rare Resource Utilization, Shaoguan 512026, China
| | - Zhengfan Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radioactive and Rare Resource Utilization, Shaoguan 512026, China
| | - Zengping Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China.
| | - Gaosheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Tangfu Xiao
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Mingxia Yu
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yanyang Ke
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lihu Peng
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Huosheng Li
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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16
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Nanomaterials for Remediation of Environmental Pollutants. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2022; 2021:1764647. [PMID: 34992641 PMCID: PMC8727162 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1764647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Today, environmental contamination is a big concern for both developing and developed countries. The primary sources of contamination of land, water, and air are extensive industrialization and intense agricultural activities. Various traditional methods are available for the treatment of different pollutants in the environment, but all have some limitations. Due to this, an alternative method is required which is effective and less toxic and provides better outcomes. Nanomaterials have attracted a lot of interest in terms of environmental remediation. Because of their huge surface area and related high reactivity, nanomaterials perform better in environmental clean-up than other conventional approaches. They can be modified for specific uses to provide novel features. Due to the large surface-area-to-volume ratio and the presence of a larger number of reactive sites, nanoscale materials can be extremely reactive. These characteristics allow for higher interaction with contaminants, leading to a quick reduction of contaminant concentration. In the present review, an overview of different nanomaterials that are potential in the remediation of environmental pollutants has been discussed.
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17
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Martinez-Burgos WJ, Bittencourt Sydney E, Bianchi Pedroni Medeiros A, Magalhães AI, de Carvalho JC, Karp SG, Porto de Souza Vandenberghe L, Junior Letti LA, Thomaz Soccol V, de Melo Pereira GV, Rodrigues C, Lorenci Woiciechowski A, Soccol CR. Agro-industrial wastewater in a circular economy: Characteristics, impacts and applications for bioenergy and biochemicals. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 341:125795. [PMID: 34523570 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The generation of agroindustrial byproducts is rising fast worldwide. The slaughter of animals, the production of bioethanol, and the processing of oil palm, cassava, and milk are industrial activities that, in 2019, generated huge amounts of wastewaters, around 2448, 1650, 256, 85, and 0.143 billion liters, respectively. Thus, it is urgent to reduce the environmental impact of these effluents through new integrated processes applying biorefinery and circular economy concepts to produce energy or new products. This review provides the characteristics of some of the most important agro-industrial wastes, including their physicochemical composition, worldwide average production, and possible environmental impacts. In addition, some alternatives for reusing these materials are addressed, focusing mainly on energy savings and the possibilities of generating value-added products. Finally, this review considers recent research and technological innovations and perspectives for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter José Martinez-Burgos
- Federal University of Paraná, Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Centro Politécnico, 81531-990, Curitiba Paraná, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Bittencourt Sydney
- Federal University of Technology - Paraná, Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, 84016-210, Ponta Grossa Paraná, Brazil
| | - Adriane Bianchi Pedroni Medeiros
- Federal University of Paraná, Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Centro Politécnico, 81531-990, Curitiba Paraná, Brazil
| | - Antonio Irineudo Magalhães
- Federal University of Paraná, Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Centro Politécnico, 81531-990, Curitiba Paraná, Brazil
| | - Júlio Cesar de Carvalho
- Federal University of Paraná, Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Centro Politécnico, 81531-990, Curitiba Paraná, Brazil
| | - Susan Grace Karp
- Federal University of Paraná, Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Centro Politécnico, 81531-990, Curitiba Paraná, Brazil
| | - Luciana Porto de Souza Vandenberghe
- Federal University of Paraná, Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Centro Politécnico, 81531-990, Curitiba Paraná, Brazil; Federal University of Technology - Paraná, Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, 84016-210, Ponta Grossa Paraná, Brazil
| | - Luiz Alberto Junior Letti
- Federal University of Paraná, Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Centro Politécnico, 81531-990, Curitiba Paraná, Brazil
| | - Vanete Thomaz Soccol
- Federal University of Paraná, Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Centro Politécnico, 81531-990, Curitiba Paraná, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Vinícius de Melo Pereira
- Federal University of Paraná, Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Centro Politécnico, 81531-990, Curitiba Paraná, Brazil
| | - Cristine Rodrigues
- Federal University of Paraná, Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Centro Politécnico, 81531-990, Curitiba Paraná, Brazil
| | - Adenise Lorenci Woiciechowski
- Federal University of Paraná, Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Centro Politécnico, 81531-990, Curitiba Paraná, Brazil
| | - Carlos Ricardo Soccol
- Federal University of Paraná, Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Centro Politécnico, 81531-990, Curitiba Paraná, Brazil.
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18
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Moore C, Gao W, Fatehi P. Cationic Lignin Polymers as Flocculant for Municipal Wastewater. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13223871. [PMID: 34833170 PMCID: PMC8625770 DOI: 10.3390/polym13223871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The radical polymerization of acid-washed and unwashed softwood kraft lignin with [2-(methacryloyloxy) ethyl] trimethylammonium chloride (METAC) was attempted to investigate the production of lignin-based flocculants for simulated wastewater. The incorporation of METAC onto lignin resulted in a cationic charge density (2.3–3.3 meq/g), increased water solubility (89–96% in neutral pH), and increased molecular weight (70,000–210,000 g/mol) of lignin. The lignin–METAC polymers generated from acid-washed lignin had higher molecular weights than those generated from unwashed lignin. The lignin–METAC polymers showed lower resistance to thermal decomposition than unmodified lignin due to the inclusion of PolyMETAC. The unmodified acid-washed lignin samples did not significantly affect the COD of the wastewater, while the unmodified unwashed lignin samples contributed to the COD, implying that unmodified lignin was not suitable for wastewater treatment. The flocculation of wastewater with lignin–METAC led to the chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction of 17–23% and total organic carbon (TOC) drop of 51–60%. The lignin–METAC polymer with the highest molecular weight (produced from acid-washed lignin) reached the highest COD removal, while lignin–METAC polymer with the highest charge density (produced from unwashed lignin) reached the highest TOC removal. Focused beam reflectance measurement (FBRM) studies revealed that the lignin–METAC polymer produced from acid-washed lignin with a high molecular weight generated larger and more flocs in wastewater than the lignin–METAC polymer produced from unwashed lignin. The comparison of theoretical and experimental dosages required for neutralizing the charges of wastewater demonstrated that charge neutralization was the main flocculation mechanism, although a bridging mechanism was also involved for component removals from wastewater. The use of 1 mg/L of alum along with 65 mg/L lignin–METAC in a dual coagulation–flocculation system led to higher average phosphorous (42%) and COD (44%) removals than the singular flocculation system only using 65 mg/L of lignin–METAC (with phosphorous removals of 3.4% and COD removals of 18.7%). However, lignin–METAC flocculant slightly increased the ammonia–nitrogen content in both singular flocculation and dual coagulation–flocculation systems due to the residual ammonia content of lignin–METAC. The coagulation–flocculation system determined that the use of lignin–METAC (65 mg/L) could reduce the alum dosage significantly while maintaining a similar organic content reduction of 44% for wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pedram Fatehi
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-807-343-8697; Fax: +1-807-346-7943
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19
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Chen CY, Wang SW, Kim H, Pan SY, Fan C, Lin YJ. Non-conventional water reuse in agriculture: A circular water economy. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 199:117193. [PMID: 33971532 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Due to the growing and diverse demands on water supply, exploitation of non-conventional sources of water has received much attention. Since water consumption for irrigation is the major contributor to total water withdrawal, the utilization of non-conventional sources of water for the purpose of irrigation is critical to assuring the sustainability of water resources. Although numerous studies have been conducted to evaluate and manage non-conventional water sources, little research has reviewed the suitability of available water technologies for improving water quality, so that water reclaimed from non-conventional supplies could be an alternative water resource for irrigation. This article provides a systematic overview of all aspects of regulation, technology and management to enable the innovative technology, thereby promoting and facilitating the reuse of non-conventional water. The study first reviews the requirements for water quantity and quality (i.e., physical, chemical, and biological parameters) for agricultural irrigation. Five candidate sources of non-conventional water were evaluated in terms of quantity and quality, namely rainfall/stormwater runoff, industrial cooling water, hydraulic fracturing wastewater, process wastewater, and domestic sewage. Water quality issues, such as suspended solids, biochemical/chemical oxygen demand, total dissolved solids, total nitrogen, bacteria, and emerging contaminates, were assessed. Available technologies for improving the quality of non-conventional water were comprehensively investigated. The potential risks to plants, human health, and the environment posed by non-conventional water reuse for irrigation are also discussed. Lastly, three priority research directions, including efficient collection of non-conventional water, design of fit-for-purpose treatment, and deployment of energy-efficient processes, were proposed to provide guidance on the potential for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yang Chen
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Sheng-Wei Wang
- Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137 Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Hyunook Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, 90 Jeonnong-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02504 South Korea
| | - Shu-Yuan Pan
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan (R.O.C.).
| | - Chihhao Fan
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan (R.O.C.).
| | - Yupo J Lin
- Applied Material Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Ave., Argonne, IL 60439, United States
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20
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Righetto I, Al-Juboori RA, Kaljunen JU, Mikola A. Wastewater treatment with starch-based coagulants for nutrient recovery purposes: Testing on lab and pilot scales. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 284:112021. [PMID: 33545452 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The interest in using natural coagulants for wastewater treatment has increased in recent years due to the environmental and health problems associated with the use of traditional coagulants. In this study, starch-based coagulants were tested to treat reject water produced by the dewatering of mesophilic digester sludge at the Viikinmäki wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Finland. The goal of this treatment is to prepare the stream for the nitrogen recovery process with membrane contactor technology. Screening tests showed that PrimePHASE 3545 was the best coagulant, and the effective dosage and pH ranges were 10-20 ml/l of the 25% diluted starch and 8-10 pH values, respectively. The process was optimized using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The best dosage and pH combination generated by RSM was 14.1 ml/l and 9.1, respectively. In these conditions, TN, TP, TOC, SS and VSS removal percentages were 18 ± 0.57%, 80 ± 0.99%, 28 ± 1.19%, 90 ± 3.37%, and 89 ± 2.35%, respectively. However, NH3-N concentration increased by 20 ± 1.7%, mainly due to pH increase. These results held true when tested on a pilot scale at Viikinmäki WWTP in a continuous process. The sludge produced with natural coagulant was found to be of a better quality compared to that of conventional coagulants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Righetto
- Water and Environmental Engineering Research Group, Department of Built Environment, Aalto University, P.O. Box 15200, Aalto, FI-00076, Espoo, Finland; Department of Environment, Land and Infrastructure Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129, Torino, Italy.
| | - Raed A Al-Juboori
- Water and Environmental Engineering Research Group, Department of Built Environment, Aalto University, P.O. Box 15200, Aalto, FI-00076, Espoo, Finland
| | - Juho Uzkurt Kaljunen
- Water and Environmental Engineering Research Group, Department of Built Environment, Aalto University, P.O. Box 15200, Aalto, FI-00076, Espoo, Finland
| | - Anna Mikola
- Water and Environmental Engineering Research Group, Department of Built Environment, Aalto University, P.O. Box 15200, Aalto, FI-00076, Espoo, Finland
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21
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Patil PB, Bhandari VM, Ranade VV. Improving efficiency for removal of ammoniacal nitrogen from wastewaters using hydrodynamic cavitation. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 70:105306. [PMID: 32795930 PMCID: PMC7786615 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The present study reports significant improvements in the removal of ammoniacal nitrogen from wastewater which is an important problem for many industries such as dyes and pigment, distilleries and fisheries. Pilot plant studies (capacity, 1 m3/h) on synthetic wastewater using 4-amino phenol as model nitrogen containing organic compound and two real industrial effluents of high ammoniacal nitrogen content were carried out using hydrodynamic cavitation. Two reactor geometries were evaluated for increased efficiency in removal-orifice and vortex diode. Effect of initial concentration (100-500 mg/L), effect of pressure drop (0.5-5 bar) and nature of cavitating device (linear and vortex flow for cavitation) were evaluated along with effect of salt content, effect of hydrogen peroxide addition and aeration. Initial concentration was found to have significant impact on the extent of removal: ~ 5 g/m3 removal for initial concentration of 100 mg/L and up to 12 g/m3 removal at high concentration of 500 mg/L. Interestingly, significant improvement of the order of magnitude (up to 8 times) in removal of ammoniacal nitrogen could be obtained by sparging air or oxygen in hydrodynamic cavitation and a very high removal of above 80% could be achieved. The removal of ammoniacal nitrogen by vortex diode was also found to be effective in the industrial wastewaters and results on two different effluent samples of distillery industry indicated up to 75% removal, though with longer time of treatment compared to that of synthetic wastewater. The developed methodology of hydrodynamic cavitation technology with aeration and vortex diode as a cavitating device was found to be highly effective for improving the efficiency of the conventional cavitation methods and hence can be highly useful in industrial wastewater treatment, specifically for the removal of ammoniacal nitrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravin B Patil
- Chemical Engineering & Process Development Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411 008, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411 008, India
| | - Vinay M Bhandari
- Chemical Engineering & Process Development Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411 008, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411 008, India.
| | - Vivek V Ranade
- Chemical Engineering & Process Development Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411 008, India
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22
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Farkas J, Altin D, Hansen BH, Øverjordet IB, Nordtug T. Acute and long-term effects of anionic polyacrylamide (APAM) on different developmental stages of two marine copepod species. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 257:127259. [PMID: 32535361 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The application of synthetic polymers such as anionic polyacrylamides (APAM) in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) may increase in the future. This can lead to environmental release through offshore produced water discharges with so far limited knowledge on impacts in marine ecosystems. We investigated impacts of APAM polymers on two marine copepod species. Acute effects of APAM were studied on different life stages of C. finmarchicus (three molecular sizes: 200 kDa, 2800 kDa and 8000 kDa) and Acartia tonsa (one molecular size: 2800 kDa). Further, effects on development and survival following long-term exposure (spanning over several life stages) to 200 kDa APAM were studied in C. finmarchicus. Results show that none of the APAM molecules caused mortality in acute exposure experiments in adult C. finmarchicus even at high exposure concentrations (≥1000 mg/L). Comparing toxicity of the 2800 kDa APAM between C. finmarchicus and the standard marine toxicity test copepod Acartia tonsa showed that the latter was slightly more sensitive. Early life stages of both copepods were more sensitive compared to later ones, and APAM exposure induced increased mortality and developmental delays. Effects were generally more pronounced for the larger polymers, most likely due to increased viscosity of the test dispersions leading to increased energy expenditures of the animals. However, significant effects were only observed at very high exposure concentrations that are probably higher than concentrations found in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Farkas
- SINTEF Ocean, Environmental and New Resources, N-7465, Trondheim, Norway.
| | | | | | | | - Trond Nordtug
- SINTEF Ocean, Environmental and New Resources, N-7465, Trondheim, Norway
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23
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Chen Z, Yang B, Wen Q, Chen C. Evaluation of enhanced coagulation combined with densadeg-ultrafiltration process in treating secondary effluent: Organic micro-pollutants removal, genotoxicity reduction, and membrane fouling alleviation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 396:122697. [PMID: 32388183 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Conventional coagulation is widely used as an ultrafiltration membrane pretreatment process in wastewater reclamation, however it shows little ability to reduce organic micro-pollutants (OMPs) and genotoxicity. In this research, powdered activated carbon (PAC) and potassium ferrate were used respectively with polyaluminum chloride (PACl) to enhance coagulation. Filtration experiments of coagulation (CUF), coagulation-adsorption (CAUF) and coagulation-oxidation (COUF) pretreatment combined with densadeg-ultrafiltration processes were conducted under their optimum doses. The effluent water quality of CAUF and COUF could meet the water reuse quality standard for scenic environment use, while total phosphorus in the conventional CUF discharge was higher than the standard. The average removal efficiency of the selected fourteen OMPs was significantly improved by 1.8 times through the CAUF process compared to the CUF process (31.2%), whereas the COUF process (38.4%) showed limited improvement. Prominent reduction of genotoxicity was observed in the CAUF and COUF processes, and the effluent of the CAUF process had the least genotoxicity of 1.0 ± 0.3 μg 4-Nitroquinoline-N-oxide (4-NQO)/L. Moreover, the average transmembrane pressure increasing rate followed the order of CUF (1.5 kPa/d) > COUF (1.1 kPa/d) > CAUF (0.6 kPa/d), indicated that the enhanced coagulation process could relieve membrane fouling effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (SKLUWRE, HIT), Harbin, 150090, PR China; School of Civil Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China
| | - Boxuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (SKLUWRE, HIT), Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | - Qinxue Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (SKLUWRE, HIT), Harbin, 150090, PR China.
| | - Chuxiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (SKLUWRE, HIT), Harbin, 150090, PR China
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Wang B, Zeng W, Fan Z, Wang C, Meng Q, Peng Y. Effects of polyaluminium chloride addition on community structures of polyphosphate and glycogen accumulating organisms in biological phosphorus removal (BPR) systems. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 297:122431. [PMID: 31780243 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Polyaluminium chloride (PAC) was added into the biological phosphorus removal (BPR) systems to investigate the populations of polyphosphate and glycogen accumulating organisms (PAOs and GAOs). Typical BPR performed under Al:P of 1:1, while BPR almost disappeared at Al:P of 4:1. Even with high PAC addition, PAOs still existed in systems. Compared to the BPR with no PAC addition, the relative abundance of Accumulibacter, Tetrasphaera and Commnadaceae slightly increased with PAC addition. The relative abundance of Dechloromonas was improved from 0.87% to 3.82%, becoming the most dominant PAOs. The specific structures of Accumulibacter and Tetrasphaera changed little, but that of Dechloromonas and Comamonadaceae significantly altered. Regarding the GAOs, the relative abundance of Competibacter and Defluviicoccus significantly declined. Additionally, PAC addition effectively inhibited the proliferation of filamentous bacteria, indicating its potential in inhibiting the sludge filamentous bulking. This study provided guidance for the selection of the phosphorus removal process and operational conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baogui Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Wei Zeng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Zhiwei Fan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Chunyan Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Qingan Meng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
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Manhokwe S, Zvidzai C. Post‐treatment of yeast processing effluent from a bioreactor using aluminium chlorohydrate polydadmac as a coagulant. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2019.e00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Peng L, Lei L, Xiao L, Han B. Cyanobacterial removal by a red soil-based flocculant and its effect on zooplankton: an experiment with deep enclosures in a tropical reservoir in China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:30663-30674. [PMID: 29946840 PMCID: PMC6828625 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2572-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
As one kind of cheap, environmentally-friendly and efficient treatment materials for direct control of cyanobacterial blooms, modified clays have been widely concerned. The present study evaluated cyanobaterial removal by a red soil-based flocculant (RSBF) with a large enclosure experiment in a tropical mesotrophic reservoir, in which phytoplankton community was dominated by Microcystis spp. and Anabaena spp. The flocculant was composed of red soil, chitosan and FeCl3. Twelve enclosures were used in the experiment: three replicates for each of one control and three treatments RSBF15 (15 mg FeCl3 l-1), RSBF25 (25 mg FeCl3 l-1), and RSBF35 (35 mg FeCl3 l-1). The results showed that the red soil-based flocculant can significantly remove cyanobacterial biomass and reduce concentrations of nutrients including total nitrogen, nitrate, ammonia, total phosphorus, and orthophosphate. Biomass of Microcystis spp. and Anabaena spp. was reduced more efficiently (95%) than other filamentous cyanobacteria (50%). In the RSBF15 treatment, phytoplankton biomass recovered to the level of the control group after 12 days and cyanobacteria quickly dominated. Phytoplankton biomass in the RSBF25 treatment also recovered after 12 days, but green algae co-dominated with cyanobacteria. A much later recovery of phytoplankton until the day of 28 was observed under RSBF35 treatment, and cyanobacteria did no longer dominate the phytoplankton community. The application of red soil-based flocculant greatly reduces zooplankton, especially rotifers, however, Copepods and Cladocera recovered fast. Generally, the red soil-based flocculant can be effective for urgent treatments at local scales in cyanobacteria dominating systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Peng
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Lamei Lei
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Lijuan Xiao
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Boping Han
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Tropical and Subtropical Aquatic Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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Treatment of a Mature Landfill Leachate: Comparison between Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Photo-Fenton with Different Pretreatments. WATER 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/w11091849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study focuses on the treatment of a mature landfill leachate by coagulation and photo-Fenton at different conditions. Optimal coagulation is carried out with ferric chloride in acid conditions; and with alum in near-neutral conditions, to minimize the use of sulphuric acid for pH adjustment (1 g/L vs. 7.2 g/L), the generation of sludge and the increase of conductivity in the final effluent. In both cases, a similar chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal is obtained, higher than 65%, which is high enough for a subsequent photo-Fenton treatment. However, the removal of absorbance at 254 nm (UV-254) was significantly higher with ferric chloride (83% vs. 55%), due to the important removal of humic acids at acid pH. The best results for coagulation are 2 g/L ferric chloride at initial pH = 5 and 5 g/L alum at initial pH = 7. After coagulation with ferric chloride, the final pH (2.8) is adequate for a homogeneous photo-Fenton using the remaining dissolved iron (250 mg/L). At these conditions, using a ratio H2O2/COD = 2.125 and 30 min contact time, the biodegradability increased from 0.03 to 0.51. On the other hand, the neutral pH after alum coagulation (6.7) allows the use of zero valent iron (ZVI) heterogeneous photo-Fenton. In this case, a final biodegradability of 0.32 was obtained, after 150 min, using the same H2O2/COD ratio. Both treatments achieved similar results, with a final COD, UV-254 and color removal greater than 90%. However, the economic assessment shows that the approach of ferric chloride + homogeneous photo-Fenton is much cheaper (6.4 €/m3 vs. 28.4 €/m3). Although the discharge limits are not achieved with the proposed combination of treatments, the significant increase of the pre-treated leachate biodegradability allows achieving the discharge limits after a conventional biological treatment such as sequencing batch reactor, which would slightly increase the total treatment cost.
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Louhıchı G, Bousselmı L, Ghrabı A, Khounı I. Process optimization via response surface methodology in the physico-chemical treatment of vegetable oil refinery wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:18993-19011. [PMID: 29987464 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2657-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The present paper investigates the efficiency of coagulation/flocculation process using aluminum sulfate as coagulant and CHT industrial flocculent as coagulant aid/flocculent in the treatment of vegetable oil refinery wastewater (VORW). The process optimization was conducted in two steps, jar test experiments for preliminary evaluation to identify the most influencing factors and response surface methodology using Box-Behnken design to investigate the effects of three major factors and their interactions. The variables involved were the coagulant concentration (X1), flocculent dosage (X2), and initial pH (X3) of water samples, while the responses were COD removal (Y1) and residual turbidity (Y2). The optimal conditions obtained by solving the quadratic regression models, as well as by analyzing the response surface contour plots, were as follows: 2.4 g/L of coagulant (aluminum sulfate), 60.05 mg/L of flocculent, and about 9.23 as initial pH. Under these conditions, the coagulation/flocculation treatment was able to achieve 99% of COD removal with total turbidity elimination (100% removal). Analysis of variance showed high variance coefficient (R2) values of 0.929 and 0.836 for COD and turbidity removals, respectively, thus ensuring a satisfactory adjustment of the second-order regression model with the experimental data. This statistical design methodology was demonstrated as an efficient and feasible approach for the optimization of coagulation/flocculation treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghofrane Louhıchı
- Laboratory of Wastewater and Environment, Water Research and Technologies Centre (CERTE), Technopark Borj Cedria, BP 273-8020, Soliman, Tunisia
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, 7021, Jarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Latifa Bousselmı
- Laboratory of Wastewater and Environment, Water Research and Technologies Centre (CERTE), Technopark Borj Cedria, BP 273-8020, Soliman, Tunisia
| | - Ahmed Ghrabı
- Laboratory of Wastewater and Environment, Water Research and Technologies Centre (CERTE), Technopark Borj Cedria, BP 273-8020, Soliman, Tunisia
| | - Imen Khounı
- Laboratory of Wastewater and Environment, Water Research and Technologies Centre (CERTE), Technopark Borj Cedria, BP 273-8020, Soliman, Tunisia.
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Mintis DG, Mavrantzas VG. Effect of pH and Molecular Length on the Structure and Dynamics of Short Poly(acrylic acid) in Dilute Solution: Detailed Molecular Dynamics Study. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:4204-4219. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b01696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris G. Mintis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras & FORTH-ICE/HT, Patras GR26504, Greece
| | - Vlasis G. Mavrantzas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras & FORTH-ICE/HT, Patras GR26504, Greece
- Particle Technology Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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Hu K, Zhao QL, Chen W, Wang W, Han F, Shen XH. Appropriate technologies for upgrading wastewater treatment plants: methods review and case studies in China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2019; 53:1207-1220. [PMID: 30623713 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2018.1528032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Upgrading existing wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is a more challenging task than constructing new plants. The aim is usually to overcome overloading and to reduce pollution concentrations in the effluent. There are various methods that can be used to upgrade WWTPs. This article reviews some of the methodologies, such as inserting new tanks as additional treatment steps and modifying the WWTP by introducing new technologies. A number of effective technologies are reviewed in terms of their basic concepts, operational conditions, and treatment performances. Examples of WWTPs in China that have been successfully upgraded using these technologies are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Hu
- a Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment , Hohai University , Nanjing , People's Republic of China
- b Hohai University, College of Environment , Nanjing , People's Republic of China
| | - Qing L Zhao
- c Harbin Institute of Technology, School of Municipal & Environmental Engineering , Harbin , People's Republic of China
- d Harbin Institute of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources & Environment SK , Harbin , People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Chen
- a Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment , Hohai University , Nanjing , People's Republic of China
- b Hohai University, College of Environment , Nanjing , People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- e Hydrology and Water Resources Bureau of Henan Province , Zhengzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Han
- e Hydrology and Water Resources Bureau of Henan Province , Zhengzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Xing H Shen
- e Hydrology and Water Resources Bureau of Henan Province , Zhengzhou , People's Republic of China
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Cui X, Chen C, Sun S, Zhou D, Ndayisenga F, Huo M, Zhu S, Zhang L, Crittenden JC. Acceleration of saturated porous media clogging and silicon dissolution due to low concentrations of Al(III) in the recharge of reclaimed water. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 143:136-145. [PMID: 29945029 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The recharge of reclaimed water is an effective strategy for addressing the issues of water quality deterioration and groundwater level decline simultaneously. Residual Al coagulants are normally remained in the recovered water at low concentrations, and may induce clogging problems during the recharging process. However, this issue has been ignored in the past. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms of Al(III)-induced aquifer bio-clogging, the role of Al(III) in quartz sand media (SiO2) dissolution and re-precipitation in the series of aquifer columns. We determined that Al(III) resulted in serious clogging in ∼140 h at low concentrations that satisfied the national drinking water standard of China. The corresponding hydraulic conductivity decreased by more than ∼90% in the bacteria-containing aquifer, which was ∼30% greater than that for the bacteria-free trials. The enhanced Al(III)-related clogging was caused by modifying quartz sand to form Si-O-Al(OH)n and improving microbes attachment. Microbes retention kinetic coefficients (k) of the Al recharged simulated aquifer could increase by 3.0-8.3 times. The Al(III) also enhanced biomass production and clogging by binding to microbial extracellular polymeric substances. In turn, the greater amount of biomass accelerated the Si dissolution and re-precipitation, this may potentially damage the stability of aquifer structure. The results showed that reclaimed water treated with Al coagulation should be employed with caution for recharging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochun Cui
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China; Jilin Engineering Lab for Water Pollution Control and Resources Recovery, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Congli Chen
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Shu Sun
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Dandan Zhou
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China; Jilin Engineering Lab for Water Pollution Control and Resources Recovery, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China.
| | - Fabrice Ndayisenga
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Mingxin Huo
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Suiyi Zhu
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China; Jilin Engineering Lab for Water Pollution Control and Resources Recovery, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China.
| | - Leilei Zhang
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China
| | - John C Crittenden
- Brook Byers Institute for Sustainable Systems, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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Puzyrnaya LN, Shunkov VS, Pshinko GN, Demutskaya LN, Kosorukov AA. The Impact of the Mg(II)/Fe(III) Ratio in the Composition of Layered Double Hydroxides for the Removal of Phosphate–Ions from Water Media. J WATER CHEM TECHNO+ 2018. [DOI: 10.3103/s1063455x18040021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Cui X, Huo M, Chen C, Yu Z, Zhou C, Li A, Qiao B, Zhou D, Crittenden JC. Low concentrations of Al(III) accelerate the formation of biofilm: Multiple effects of hormesis and flocculation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 634:516-524. [PMID: 29631141 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Residual Al(III) (at low concentration) is common in water treatment plants (WTPs) and is associated with bacteria. We hypothesize that Al(III) accelerate biofouling due to its hydrolysis and hormesis characteristics, as compared with other cations. To verify this, we elaborated the roles of Al(III) at low concentrations on the biofilm formation. Al(III) hormesis (<2.0mg/L) stimulated bacteria growth increased by ~3.7 times, and extracellular polymeric substances production also enhanced. Al(III) flocculation resulted in the suspended cells precipitation instantly, for Al(III) dosages of 0.6 and 2.0mg/L and the concentration of Al(III) decreased by 0.07 and 0.14mg/L, respectively. Al(III) poisoned the bridged bacterial cells and decreased their ATP by 22.36% and 55.91%, respectively. Al(III) formed polymer presented strong affinity with bacterial outer membrane, and this damaged the bacterial outer membrane. This caused proteins to leak at the combined point. Al-polymer bound to NH2 and/or NH on the leaked protein, contributed to biofilm formation. Biofilm maturity was aided by polysaccharides, which shielded Al(III) toxicity for the formed biofilm. Thus, the biofilm exhibited a distinguished double-layer microstructure, principally with proteins and inactivated cells at the bottom, polysaccharides and activated cells at the top. Thus, hormesis and flocculation caused by low concentration Al(III) mutually promoted each other, and together accelerated biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochun Cui
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; Jilin Engineering Lab for Water Pollution Control and Resources Recovery, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Mingxin Huo
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; Jilin Engineering Lab for Water Pollution Control and Resources Recovery, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Congli Chen
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Zhisen Yu
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Chen Zhou
- Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Anran Li
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Bingqian Qiao
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Dandan Zhou
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; Jilin Engineering Lab for Water Pollution Control and Resources Recovery, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China.
| | - John C Crittenden
- Brook Byers Institute for Sustainable Systems, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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Ge J, Meng X, Song Y, Terracciano A. Effect of phosphate releasing in activated sludge on phosphorus removal from municipal wastewater. J Environ Sci (China) 2018; 67:216-223. [PMID: 29778155 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum and ferric salts are commonly used in municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWPTs) for phosphorus (P) removal. In this study, on-site jar tests were conducted to determine the removal of different P species from the fresh samples in the presence and absence of activated sludge (AS) with different doses of alum, poly-aluminum chloride, and ferric chloride at different pH. The soluble P (SP) concentration in the samples was about 0.63mg/L. When the mixed liquor containing AS was treated with 8mg/L of Al, SP could be reduced to 0.13mg/L, while it was reduced to 0.16mg/L with only 1mg/L of Al after sedimentation removal of AS from sample. Chemical analysis determined that AS contained 59.8mg-P/g-TSS and 43.8mg-Al/g-TSS and most of the P was associated with the aluminum hydroxide. We discovered that the phosphate in the AS could readily be released from it, which was mainly responsible for ineffective removal of P to low levels in mixed liquor even with very high alum dose. This study provides new insight into the behavior and fate of P in the wastewater treatment plants that use alum to enhance P removal in the final effluent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ge
- Center of Environmental Systems, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
| | - Xiaoguang Meng
- Center of Environmental Systems, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA.
| | - Yonghui Song
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Amalia Terracciano
- Center of Environmental Systems, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
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Martín-Hernández E, Sampat AM, Zavala VM, Martín M. Optimal integrated facility for waste processing. Chem Eng Res Des 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2017.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Rybak M, Kołodziejczyk A, Joniak T, Ratajczak I, Gąbka M. Bioaccumulation and toxicity studies of macroalgae (Charophyceae) treated with aluminium: Experimental studies in the context of lake restoration. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 145:359-366. [PMID: 28759765 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine the impact of aluminium on the perennial macroalgae Chara hispida L. and its bioaccumulation capacities. Aluminium (Al) was introduced into the environment in the form of polyaluminium chloride, an agent utilized in the restoration of waterbodies. Research was conducted in an experimental setting using mesocosms (volume 0.8m3) placed in the littoral zone of a lake with C. hispida. Three doses of the coagulant were applied, each with a different volume: low - 6.1g Al m-3, medium - 12.2gm-3 and high - 24.5g Al m-3. A significant acidification of environment was determined, which would imply the presence of toxic Al3+ ions. It has been demonstrated that aluminium penetrates and accumulates in the cells of the charophyte. This caused damage to the thalli, which manifested itself in chloroses, necroses, flaking of the cortex cells and softening of the thallus, whose severity was proportionate to the dose of the coagulant. The first negative signs were observed after 24h. The study shows that C. hispida is a poor accumulator of aluminium (bioconcentration factor < 200), while bioaccumulation capacity was inhibited at the concentration of approx. 2.0mg Al g-1 d.w. Accumulation in the thalli of the charophytes accounted for 58% of variation following removal of aluminium from the environment. The results of the experiment demonstrate a negative impact of aluminium on charophytes at concentrations used in aggressive restoration of lakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Rybak
- Department of Water Protection, Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Agata Kołodziejczyk
- European Space Research and Technology Centre, Keplerlaan 1, PO Box 299, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands.
| | - Tomasz Joniak
- Department of Water Protection, Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Izabela Ratajczak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Wood Technology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 75, 60-625 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Maciej Gąbka
- Department of Hydrobiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
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A Critical Review on Processes and Energy Profile of the Australian Meat Processing Industry. ENERGIES 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/en10050731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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38
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Li N, Sheng GP, Lu YZ, Zeng RJ, Yu HQ. Removal of antibiotic resistance genes from wastewater treatment plant effluent by coagulation. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 111:204-212. [PMID: 28088717 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), as emerging environmental contaminants, have become a threat to human health. Recent studies have demonstrated that the effluent from wastewater treatment plants is a significant point source of ARGs released into the environment. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of coagulation technology in the removal of ARGs from treated wastewater. Specifically, we measured the removal of five ARGs (two sulfonamide resistance genes, sulI and sulII, and three tetracycline resistance genes, tetO, tetW and tetQ) and the class 1 integron intI1 gene via the application of two coagulants: FeCl3 and polyferric chloride (PFC). Moreover, the removal of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), NH3N and total phosphorus (TP) in the coagulation process was investigated. The coagulation process effectively removed ARGs from the effluent with 0.5-log to 3.1-log reductions. Significant removal correlations were observed between dissolved NH3N and DOC, intI1 and sulI, sulII and tetO, sulII and tetW, and tetO and tetW, implying that the co-removal of DOC, dissolved NH3N, the intI1 gene and different ARGs played an important role in ARG loss during coagulation with Fe-based coagulants. These results indicate that coagulation may play a promising role in ARG reduction in wastewater treatment plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Guo-Ping Sheng
- CAS Key Laboratory for Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
| | - Yong-Ze Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Raymond J Zeng
- CAS Key Laboratory for Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Han-Qing Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
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39
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Sun W, Ma G, Sun Y, Liu Y, Song N, Xu Y, Zheng H. Effective treatment of high phosphorus pharmaceutical wastewater by chemical precipitation. CAN J CHEM ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.22799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenquan Sun
- College of Urban Construction; Nanjing Tech University; Nanjing, 211800 China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Industrial Water-Conservation & Emission Reduction, College of Environment; Nanjing Tech University; Nanjing, 211800 China
| | - Genchao Ma
- College of Urban Construction; Nanjing Tech University; Nanjing, 211800 China
| | - Yongjun Sun
- College of Urban Construction; Nanjing Tech University; Nanjing, 211800 China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Industrial Water-Conservation & Emission Reduction, College of Environment; Nanjing Tech University; Nanjing, 211800 China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Nanjing Tech University; Nanjing, 211800 China
| | - Ninghui Song
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences; Ministry of Environmental Protection; Nanjing 210042 China
| | - Yanhua Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Industrial Water-Conservation & Emission Reduction, College of Environment; Nanjing Tech University; Nanjing, 211800 China
| | - Huaili Zheng
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, State Ministry of Education; Chongqing University; Chongqing, 400045 China
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40
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A Pilot Study of the Sludge Recycling Enhanced Coagulation–Ultrafiltration Process for Drinking Water: The Effects of Sludge Recycling Ratio and Coagulation Stirring Strategy. WATER 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/w9030183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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41
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Zheng C, Lian D, Chang S, Ma C, Du M, Sun X. Treatment of dye wastewater nanofiltration concentrates containing high anion levels by a pH-sensitive nano-sized Fe(iii)@silica microgel. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj02575k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The pH-sensitive dual effects of Fe(iii) in heterogeneous Fenton-like degradation and enhanced coagulation with silica microgel for the treatment of refractory nanofiltration concentrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- ChunMing Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- Tianjin Polytechnic University
- Tianjin 300387
- China
| | - DongYing Lian
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- Tianjin Polytechnic University
- Tianjin 300387
- China
| | - ShuBin Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- Tianjin Polytechnic University
- Tianjin 300387
- China
| | - Chao Ma
- Tianjin Engineering Center for Safety Evaluation of Water Quality & Safeguards Technology
- Tianjin Polytechnic University
- Tianjin 300387
- China
| | - MengWei Du
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- Tianjin Polytechnic University
- Tianjin 300387
- China
| | - XiaoHong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology
- Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
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42
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Liu J, Zuo W, Tian Y, Zhang J, Li H, Li L. Improvement of an integrated system of membrane bioreactor and worm reactor by phosphorus removal using additional post-chemical treatment. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2016; 74:2202-2210. [PMID: 27842040 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2016.403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A membrane bioreactor (MBR) coupled with a worm reactor (SSBWR) was designed as SSBWR-MBR for sewage treatment and excess sludge reduction. However, total phosphorus (TP) release caused by worm predation in the SSBWR could increase the effluent TP concentration in the SSBWR-MBR. To decrease the amount of TP excreted, chemical treatment reactor was connected after the SSBWR-MBR to remove the excess phosphorus (P). The effects of chemical treatment at different time intervals on the performance of the SSBWR-MBR were assessed. The results showed that a maximum TP removal efficiency of 21.5 ± 1.0% was achieved in the SSBWR-MBR after chemical treatment. More importantly, a higher sulfate concentration induced by chemical treatment could promote TP release in the SSBWR, which provided further TP removal from the SSBWR-MBR. Additionally, chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency of the SSBWR-MBR was increased by 1.3% after effective chemical treatment. In the SSBWR-MBR, the chemical treatment had little effects on NH3-N removal and sludge production. Eventually, chemical treatment also alleviated the membrane fouling in the SSBWR-MBR. In this work, the improvement on TP, COD removal and membrane fouling alleviation was achieved in the SSBWR-MBR using additional chemical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China E-mail:
| | - Wei Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China E-mail:
| | - Yu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China E-mail:
| | - Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China E-mail:
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China E-mail:
| | - Lipin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China E-mail:
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Wang X, Li M, Song X, Chen Z, Wu B, Zhang S. Preparation and Evaluation of Titanium-Based Xerogel as a Promising Coagulant for Water/Wastewater Treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:9619-9626. [PMID: 27529122 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b03321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The nontoxicity of titanium (Ti) and the potential to produce valuable photocatalysts from the final coagulated sludge constitute the main advantages of Ti-based coagulants over conventional ones. However, the low effluent pH and the too-fast hydrolysis limit the wide application of Ti-salt coagulants. Prehydrolysis, to some extent, is helpful to improve the coagulation performance of Ti-salt coagulants. However, the prehydrolyzed polytitanium chloride (PTC) still suffers from narrow applicable dose/pH range. A novel and efficient Ti-based coagulant, denoted as titanium xerogel coagulant (TXC), was successfully prepared by the sol-gel method with TiCl4 as the precursor and acetylacetone as a modifying agent. Compared with TiCl4, a PTC, and a commercial polyferric sulfate, the resulting TXC possessed a larger floc size, better settling property, and wider applicable coagulant dose/pH range. Moreover, the effluent pH after TXC coagulation was not significantly reduced, avoiding the corrosion problem sometimes caused by the low effluent pH. TXC exhibited good coagulation performance for several real wastewaters, especially for the wastewaters of low turbidity. These results demonstrate that gelation was a more effective strategy than prehydrolysis to overcome the inherent weaknesses of Ti salts as a type of promising coagulants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Minghui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Xiaojie Song
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Zhihao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Bingdang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Shujuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023, PR China
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44
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Hybrid processes for treatment of landfill leachate: Coagulation/UF/NF-RO and adsorption/UF/NF-RO. Sep Purif Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2016.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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45
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Multiple response optimization of the coagulation process for upgrading the quality of effluent from municipal wastewater treatment plant. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26115. [PMID: 27189652 PMCID: PMC4870683 DOI: 10.1038/srep26115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
To meet the high quality standard of receiving water, the coagulation process using polyferric chloride (PFC) was used to further improve the water quality of effluent from wastewater treatment plants. Uniform design (UD) coupled with response surface methodology (RSM) was adopted to assess the effects of the main influence factors: coagulant dosage, pH and basicity, on the removal of total organic carbon (TOC), NH4+-N and PO43−-P. A desirability function approach was used to effectively optimize the coagulation process for the comprehensive removal of TOC, NH4+-N and PO43−-P to upgrade the effluent quality in practical application. The optimized operating conditions were: dosage 28 mg/L, pH 8.5 and basicity 0.001. The corresponding removal efficiencies for TOC, NH4+-N and PO43−-P were 77.2%, 94.6% and 20.8%, respectively. More importantly, the effluent quality could upgrade to surface water Class V of China through coagulation under optimal region. In addition, grey relational analysis (GRA) prioritized these three factors as: pH > basicity > dosage (for TOC), basicity > dosage > pH (for NH4+-N), pH > dosage > basicity (for PO43−-P), which would help identify the most important factor to control the treatment efficiency of various effluent quality indexes by PFC coagulation.
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46
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McKie MJ, Andrews SA, Andrews RC. Conventional drinking water treatment and direct biofiltration for the removal of pharmaceuticals and artificial sweeteners: A pilot-scale approach. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 544:10-17. [PMID: 26657244 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.11.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The presence of endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs), pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) and artificial sweeteners are of concern to water providers because they may be incompletely removed by wastewater treatment processes and they pose an unknown risk to consumers due to long-term consumption of low concentrations of these compounds. This study utilized pilot-scale conventional and biological drinking water treatment processes to assess the removal of nine PhACs and EDCs, and two artificial sweeteners. Conventional treatment (coagulation, flocculation, settling, non-biological dual-media filtration) was compared to biofilters with or without the addition of in-line coagulant (0.2-0.8 mg Al(3+)/L; alum or PACl). A combination of biofiltration, with or without in-line alum, and conventional filtration was able to reduce 7 of the 9 PhACs and EDCs by more than 50% from river water while artificial sweeteners were inconsistently removed by conventional treatment or biofiltration. Increasing doses of PACl from 0 to 0.8 mg/L resulted in average removals of PhACs, EDCs increasing from 39 to 70% and artificial sweeteners removal increasing from ~15% to ~35% in lake water. These results suggest that a combination of biological, chemical and physical treatment can be applied to effectively reduce the concentration of EDCs, PhACs, and artificial sweeteners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J McKie
- University of Toronto, Drinking Water Research Group, 35 St. George St., Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A4, Canada.
| | - Susan A Andrews
- University of Toronto, Drinking Water Research Group, 35 St. George St., Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A4, Canada.
| | - Robert C Andrews
- University of Toronto, Drinking Water Research Group, 35 St. George St., Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A4, Canada.
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47
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Wang D, Chen N, Yu Y, Hu W, Feng C. Investigation on the adsorption of phosphorus by Fe-loaded ceramic adsorbent. J Colloid Interface Sci 2016; 464:277-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2015.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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48
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Park T, Ampunan V, Lee S, Chung E. Chemical behavior of different species of phosphorus in coagulation. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 144:2264-2269. [PMID: 26598995 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.10.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus is one of the elements that have a significant impact on such environmental problems as eutrophication or algal bloom. Phosphorus compounds in water can be hydrolyzed to orthophosphate that is the only form of phosphorus that algae can assimilate. In this study, phosphorus removal in terms of orthophosphate and total phosphorus from wastewater was studied using alum or ferric ions as coagulants. It was observed that alum shows higher phosphorus removal efficiency than ferric ions in the same mole ratio concentrations. The proportion of orthophosphate among total phosphorus did not change significantly during coagulation process when the coagulant concentration is low. However, the proportion becomes gradually decreased as the coagulant concentration increases. Not only the electrolyte concentration difference in solution, but the characteristics of orthophosphate and polyphosphate such as reactivity and ionic size might also cause the differences in the removal rate. Orthophosphate that has greater reactivity than other phosphorus species would be involved in chemical reactions dominantly when large amounts of coagulants are applied. However, the effect of reactivity was diminished due to the large ionic size of polyphosphate and low concentration of electrolyte in low coagulant concentration during the coagulation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taejun Park
- Department of Energy Systems Engineering, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Vanvimol Ampunan
- Department of Energy Systems Engineering, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghyup Lee
- Center for Water Resource Cycle Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhyea Chung
- Department of Energy Systems Engineering, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-744, Republic of Korea.
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Sun J, Li X, Quan Y, Yin Y, Zheng S. Effect of long-term organic removal on ion exchange properties and performance during sewage tertiary treatment by conventional anion exchange resins. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 136:181-189. [PMID: 25996990 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the long-term dissolved organic matter (DOM), phosphorus and nitrogen removal performance of a commercially available conventional anion exchange resin (AER) from actual secondary effluent (SE) in a sewage treatment plant based on a pilot-scale operation (2.2 m(3) d(-1), 185 cycles, 37,000 bed volume, 1.5 years). Particular emphasis was given to the potential effect of DOM fouling on the ion exchange properties and performance during the long-term operation. Despite the large range of COD (15.6-33.5 mg L(-1)), BOD5 (3.0-5.6 mg L(-1)), DOC (6.5-24.2 mg L(-1)), and UV254 (UV absorption at 254 nm) (0.108-0.229 cm(-1)) levels in the SE, the removal efficiencies of the AER for the aforementioned parameters were 43±12%, 46±15%, 45±9%, and 72±4%, respectively. Based on three-dimensional fluorescence excitation-emission matrix data, i.e., the fluorescence intensities of four regions (peaks A-D), all organic components of the SE were effectively removed (peak A 74%, peak B 48%, peak C 55%, and peak D 45%) following the adsorption. The AER effluent still has considerable polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons' ecological hazard on freshwater fishes when they were significantly removed from SE. The obvious DOM fouling on the AER, identified by color change, had no significant influence on the long-term removal of the representative inorganic anions (averaging 95±4% phosphate, 100±0% SO4(2-), and 62±17% NO3(-)) and AER properties (including total exchange capacity, moisture content, and true density). The conventional AER can produce high quality reclaimed water from SE at a low operational cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Sun
- School of Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences/State Key Lab of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- School of Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences/State Key Lab of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ying Quan
- School of Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences/State Key Lab of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yunjun Yin
- School of Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences/State Key Lab of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Shaokui Zheng
- School of Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences/State Key Lab of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
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50
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Wei N, Zhang Z, Liu D, Wu Y, Wang J, Wang Q. Coagulation behavior of polyaluminum chloride: Effects of pH and coagulant dosage. Chin J Chem Eng 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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