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Sun P, Kraus CN, Zhao W, Xu J, Suh S, Nguyen Q, Jia Y, Nair A, Oakes M, Tinoco R, Shiu J, Sun B, Elsensohn A, Atwood SX, Nie Q, Dai X. Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics of vulvar lichen sclerosus reveal multi-compartmental alterations in gene expression and signaling cross-talk. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.14.607986. [PMID: 39211101 PMCID: PMC11361165 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.14.607986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Vulvar diseases are a critical yet often neglected area of women's health, profoundly affecting patients' quality of life and frequently resulting in long-term physical and psychological challenges. Lichen sclerosus (LS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder that predominantly affects the vulva, leading to severe itching, pain, scarring, and an increased risk of malignancy. Despite its profound impact on affected individuals, the molecular pathogenesis of vulvar LS (VLS) is not well understood, hindering the development of FDA-approved therapies. Here, we utilize single-cell and spatial transcriptomics to analyze lesional and non-lesional skin from VLS patients, as well as healthy control vulvar skin. Our findings demonstrate histologic, cellular, and molecular heterogeneities within VLS, yet highlight unifying molecular changes across keratinocytes, fibroblasts, immune cells, and melanocytes in lesional skin. They reveal cellular stress and damage in fibroblasts and keratinocytes, enhanced T cell activation and cytotoxicity, aberrant cell-cell signaling, and increased activation of the IFN, JAK/STAT, and p53 pathways in specific cell types. Using both monolayer and organotypic culture models, we also demonstrate that knockdown of select genes, which are downregulated in VLS lesional keratinocytes, partially recapitulates VLS-like stress-associated changes. Collectively, these data provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of VLS, identifying potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for future research.
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Bhanpattanakul S, Tharasanit T, Buranapraditkun S, Sailasuta A, Nakagawa T, Kaewamatawong T. Modulation of MHC expression by interferon-gamma and its influence on PBMC-mediated cytotoxicity in canine mast cell tumour cells. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17837. [PMID: 39090190 PMCID: PMC11294481 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-68789-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy is a promising alternative treatment for canine mast cell tumour (MCT). However, evasion of immune recognition by downregulating major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules might decline treatment efficiency. Enhancing MHC expression through interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) is crucial for effective immunotherapy. In-house and reference canine MCT cell lines derived from different tissue origins were used. The impacts of IFN-γ treatment on cell viability, expression levels of MHC molecules, as well as cell apoptosis were evaluated through the MTT assay, RT-qPCR and flow cytometry. The results revealed that IFN-γ treatment significantly influenced the viability of canine MCT cell lines, with varying responses observed among different cell lines. Notably, IFN-γ treatment increased the expression of MHC I and MHC II, potentially enhancing immune recognition and MCT cell clearance. Flow cytometry analysis in PBMCs-mediated cytotoxicity assays showed no significant differences in overall apoptosis between IFN-γ treated and untreated canine MCT cell lines across various target-to-effector ratios. However, a trend towards higher percentages of late and total apoptotic cells was observed in the IFN-γ treated C18 and CMMC cell lines, but not in the VIMC and CoMS cell lines. These results indicate a variable response to IFN-γ treatment among different canine MCT cell lines. In summary, our study suggests IFN-γ's potential therapeutic role in enhancing immune recognition and clearance of MCT cells by upregulating MHC expression and possibly promoting apoptosis, despite variable responses across different cell lines. Further investigations are necessary to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and evaluate IFN-γ's efficacy in in vivo models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudchaya Bhanpattanakul
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Theerawat Tharasanit
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Veterinary Clinical Stem Cells and Bioengineering Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Supranee Buranapraditkun
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Chulalongkorn University, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Thai Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Immunology (TPGHAI), Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Achariya Sailasuta
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Takayuki Nakagawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Theerayuth Kaewamatawong
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
- Center of Excellence for Companion Animal Cancer (CE-CAC), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Giordano L, Cacciola R, Barone P, Vecchio V, Nasso ME, Alvaro ME, Gangemi S, Cacciola E, Allegra A. Autoimmune Diseases and Plasma Cells Dyscrasias: Pathogenetic, Molecular and Prognostic Correlations. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:1135. [PMID: 38893662 PMCID: PMC11171610 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14111135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance are plasma cell dyscrasias characterized by monoclonal proliferation of pathological plasma cells with uncontrolled production of immunoglobulins. Autoimmune pathologies are conditions in which T and B lymphocytes develop a tendency to activate towards self-antigens in the absence of exogenous triggers. The aim of our review is to show the possible correlations between the two pathological aspects. Molecular studies have shown how different cytokines that either cause inflammation or control the immune system play a part in the growth of immunotolerance conditions that make it easier for the development of neoplastic malignancies. Uncontrolled immune activation resulting in chronic inflammation is also known to be at the basis of the evolution toward neoplastic pathologies, as well as multiple myeloma. Another point is the impact that myeloma-specific therapies have on the course of concomitant autoimmune diseases. Indeed, cases have been observed of patients suffering from multiple myeloma treated with daratumumab and bortezomib who also benefited from their autoimmune condition or patients under treatment with immunomodulators in which there has been an arising or worsening of autoimmunity conditions. The role of bone marrow transplantation in the course of concomitant autoimmune diseases remains under analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Giordano
- Hematology Unit, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy; (L.G.); (P.B.); (V.V.); (M.E.N.); (M.E.A.)
| | - Rossella Cacciola
- Hemostasis/Hematology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Paola Barone
- Hematology Unit, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy; (L.G.); (P.B.); (V.V.); (M.E.N.); (M.E.A.)
| | - Veronica Vecchio
- Hematology Unit, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy; (L.G.); (P.B.); (V.V.); (M.E.N.); (M.E.A.)
| | - Maria Elisa Nasso
- Hematology Unit, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy; (L.G.); (P.B.); (V.V.); (M.E.N.); (M.E.A.)
| | - Maria Eugenia Alvaro
- Hematology Unit, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy; (L.G.); (P.B.); (V.V.); (M.E.N.); (M.E.A.)
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Emma Cacciola
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Allegra
- Hematology Unit, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy; (L.G.); (P.B.); (V.V.); (M.E.N.); (M.E.A.)
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Erin N, Akdeniz Ö. ADAM10 and Neprilysin level decreases in immune cells of mice bearing metastatic breast carcinoma: Possible role in cancer inflammatory response. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 127:111384. [PMID: 38141405 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN ADAM10 and Neprilysin, proteases, play critical role in inflammatory disease, however their role in cancer immune response is not clear. We here evaluated changes in immune response using an experimental model for breast cancer. MATERIAL AND METHOD Highly metastatic breast cancer cells (4T1-derived) were injected orthotopically (mammary-pad of Balb-c mice) to induce tumors. Changes in enzyme level and activity as well as alterations in inflammatory cytokine release in the presence or absence of ADAM10 and NEP activity was determined using specific inhibitors and recombinant proteins. Cytokine response was evaluated using mix leucocyte cultures obtained from control and tumor-bearing mice. ANOVA with Dunnett's posttest was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS ADAM10 and NEP expression was decreased markedly in lymph nodes and spleens of tumor-bearing mice. ADAM10 activity was reduced together with apparent alterations of ADAM10 processing. ADAM10 and NEP activity decreased TNF-α, IL-6 and IFN-ɣ secretion. Suppression of these inflammatory cytokines were more prominent in cultures obtained from control mice demonstrating counteracting factors that are exist in tumor-bearing mice. CONCLUSION Loss of ADAM10 and NEP activity in immune cells during breast cancer metastasis might be one of the main factors involved in induction of chronic inflammation by tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuray Erin
- Akdeniz University, School of Medicine, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Antalya 07070, Turkiye.
| | - Özlem Akdeniz
- Akdeniz University, School of Medicine, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Antalya 07070, Turkiye
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Hua Z, Wu S, Zhang Y, Wang X, Cui J, Li Y, Yang C, Zhai M, Deng B, Yu B, Huang JD, Wang Z, Zhou J. Targeted IFNγ induction by a genetically engineered Salmonella typhimurium is the key to the liver metastasis inhibition in a mouse model of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1284120. [PMID: 38020179 PMCID: PMC10644712 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1284120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Liver metastasis is one of the primary causes of death for the patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs). However, no curative therapy has been developed so far. Methods The anti-tumor efficacy of a genetically engineered tumor-targeting Salmonella typhimurium YB1 was evaluated on a non-functional INR1G9 liver metastasis model. Differential inflammatory factors were screened by Cytometric Bead Array. Antibody depletion assay and liver-targeted AAV2/8 expression vector were used for functional evaluation of the differential inflammatory factors. Results We demonstrated that YB1 showed significant anti-tumor efficacy as a monotherapy. Since YB1 cannot infect INR1G9 cells, its anti-tumor effect was possibly due to the modulation of the tumor immune microenvironment. Two inflammatory factors IFNγ and CCL2 were elevated in the liver after YB1 administration, but only IFNγ was found to be responsible for the anti-tumor effect. Liver-targeted expression of IFNγ caused the activation of macrophages and NK cells, and reproduced the therapeutic effect of YB1 on liver metastasis. Conclusion We demonstrated that YB1 may exhibit anti-tumor effect mainly based on IFNγ induction. Targeted IFNγ therapy can replace YB1 for treating liver metastasis of PNETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Hua
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Wu
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Cancer Stem Cell Institute, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yulian Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuhong Wang
- Department of Pathology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ju Cui
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yunxuan Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | | | - Min Zhai
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Deng
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Yu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- HKND YB1 Pharmaceutical Limited, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jian-Dong Huang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zai Wang
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jianjun Zhou
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Cancer Stem Cell Institute, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Malfanti A, Bausart M, Vanvarenberg K, Ucakar B, Préat V. Hyaluronic acid-antigens conjugates trigger potent immune response in both prophylactic and therapeutic immunization in a melanoma model. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2023; 13:2550-2567. [PMID: 37040031 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-023-01337-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy of advanced melanoma has encountered significant hurdles in terms of clinical efficacy. Here, we designed a clinically translatable hyaluronic acid (HA)-based vaccine delivering a combination of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I- and class II-restricted melanoma antigens (TRP2 and Gp100, respectively) conjugated to HA. HA-nanovaccine (HA-TRP2-Gp100 conjugate) exhibited tropism in the lymph nodes and promoted stimulation of the immune response (2.3-fold higher than the HA+TRP2+Gp100). HA-nanovaccine significantly delayed the growth of B16F10 melanoma and extended survival in both the prophylactic and therapeutic settings (median survival of 22 and 27, respectively, vs 17 days of the untreated group). Moreover, mice prophylactically treated with the HA-nanovaccine displayed significantly higher CD8+ and CD4+ T-cell/Treg ratios in both the spleen and tumor at day 16, suggesting that the HA-nanovaccine overcame the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Superior infiltration of active CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was observed at the endpoint. This study supports the conclusion that HA potentiates the effect of a combination of MHC I and MHC II antigens via a potent immune response against melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Malfanti
- Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, UCLouvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Avenue Mounier 73 B1.73.12, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Mathilde Bausart
- Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, UCLouvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Avenue Mounier 73 B1.73.12, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kevin Vanvarenberg
- Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, UCLouvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Avenue Mounier 73 B1.73.12, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bernard Ucakar
- Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, UCLouvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Avenue Mounier 73 B1.73.12, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Véronique Préat
- Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, UCLouvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Avenue Mounier 73 B1.73.12, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.
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de Sousa Pereira N, Motoori-Fernandes C, Banin-Hirata BK, Vitiello GAF, de Oliveira CEC, Amarante MK, Watanabe MAE. Interferon-gamma plasma levels and presence of mouse mammary tumor virus-like env gene: Implications on the pathogenesis of breast cancer. Cytokine 2023; 169:156299. [PMID: 37451115 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) is a retrovirus that has been associated with the development of breast cancer (BC) in mice. The identification of a 95% homologous gene sequence to MMTV in human BC samples has increased interest in this hypothesis. This virus in humans received the name of mouse mammary tumor virus-like (MMTV-like). Several cytokines may be involved in the interactions between MMTV and the immune system, such as interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), which can enhance Th1-mediated antitumor immune response but it can also play a protumorigenic role by transmitting antiapoptotic and proliferative signals. Little is known about the antiviral immune response in a microenvironment with the presence of MMTV-like in BC patients. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to quantify the plasma levels of IFN-γ in the peripheral blood of 123 neoplasia-free donors and 98 BC patients of different molecular subtypes, by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and evaluate the association of these plasma levels with the detection of the MMTV-like env gene in tumor tissue. Correlation analyzes involving IFN-γ plasma levels and clinical-pathological parameters were performed by Kendall Tau-c test. In our study, a decrease in IFN-γ levels was observed in the group of BC patients (30.85 ± 57.49 pg/ml) compared to the control group (115.00 ± 176.80 pg/ml) (p < 0.0001). In the analysis by stratified BC molecular subtypes, Luminal-A (30.79 ± 61.04 pg/ml; p < 0.0001), Luminal-B (24.74 ± 25.78 pg/ml; p = 0.0188) and triple-negative (23.95 ± 40.45 pg/ml; p = 0.0005) had a lower plasma level compared to control group. There was no significant difference between IFN-γ plasma levels of MMTV-like DNA positive samples compared to MMTV-negative samples (p = 0.2056). In general BC, patients with larger tumor size had higher IFN-γ plasma levels (Tau-c = 0.202; p = 0.019). By analyzing the MMTV-like env negative samples, we could identify that IFN-γ plasma levels were higher in larger tumor size (Tau-c = 0.222; p = 0.020) and with greater lymph node involvement (Tau-c = 0.258; p = 0.042). Also, higher IFN-γ plasma levels were observed in patients with higher histopathological grades (Tau-c = 0.384; p = 0.019) in MMTV-like env positive samples. For the first time, we assessed the association between plasma levels of IFN-γ and the presence of the MMTV-like env gene in BC samples. However, more studies are needed to clarify whether the high levels of IFN-γ in MMTV-like env positive samples are reflecting a possible antiviral immune response or whether this cytokine is promoting tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathália de Sousa Pereira
- Laboratory of Oncology, Department of Pathology, Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Health Sciences Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, Parana, Brazil.
| | - Caroline Motoori-Fernandes
- Laboratory of DNA Polymorphisms and Immunology, Department of Pathological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, Londrina State University, Brazil
| | - Bruna Karina Banin-Hirata
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Basic Health Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, Maringa State University, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marla Karine Amarante
- Laboratory of Oncology, Department of Pathology, Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Health Sciences Center, Londrina State University, Londrina, Parana, Brazil
| | - Maria Angelica Ehara Watanabe
- Laboratory of DNA Polymorphisms and Immunology, Department of Pathological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, Londrina State University, Brazil
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Hiltbrunner S, Cords L, Kasser S, Freiberger SN, Kreutzer S, Toussaint NC, Grob L, Opitz I, Messerli M, Zoche M, Soltermann A, Rechsteiner M, van den Broek M, Bodenmiller B, Curioni-Fontecedro A. Acquired resistance to anti-PD1 therapy in patients with NSCLC associates with immunosuppressive T cell phenotype. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5154. [PMID: 37620318 PMCID: PMC10449840 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40745-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment has the potential to prolong survival in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), however, some of the patients develop resistance following initial response. Here, we analyze the immune phenotype of matching tumor samples from a cohort of NSCLC patients showing good initial response to immune checkpoint inhibitors, followed by acquired resistance at later time points. By using imaging mass cytometry and whole exome and RNA sequencing, we detect two patterns of resistance¨: One group of patients is characterized by reduced numbers of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells and reduced expression of PD-L1 after development of resistance, whereas the other group shows high CD8+ T cell infiltration and high expression of PD-L1 in addition to markedly elevated expression of other immune-inhibitory molecules. In two cases, we detect downregulation of type I and II IFN pathways following progression to resistance, which could lead to an impaired anti-tumor immune response. This study thus captures the development of immune checkpoint inhibitor resistance as it progresses and deepens our mechanistic understanding of immunotherapy response in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Hiltbrunner
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, 8091, Switzerland
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, 8091, Switzerland
- University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- University of Fribourg, Faculty of Science and Medicine, Fribourg, 1700, Switzerland
| | - Lena Cords
- University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8049, Switzerland
- Life Science Zurich Graduate School, ETH Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sabrina Kasser
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, 8091, Switzerland
- University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sandra N Freiberger
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Kreutzer
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, ETH and University of Zurich, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland
| | - Nora C Toussaint
- NEXUS Personalized Health Technologies, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8952, Switzerland
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Linda Grob
- NEXUS Personalized Health Technologies, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8952, Switzerland
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Opitz
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, 8091, Switzerland
| | - Michael Messerli
- University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, 8091, Switzerland
| | - Martin Zoche
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alex Soltermann
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
- Pathologie Länggasse, Ittigen, 3063, Switzerland
| | - Markus Rechsteiner
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maries van den Broek
- University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland
| | - Bernd Bodenmiller
- University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8049, Switzerland
| | - Alessandra Curioni-Fontecedro
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, 8091, Switzerland.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, 8091, Switzerland.
- University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- University of Fribourg, Faculty of Science and Medicine, Fribourg, 1700, Switzerland.
- Clinic of Oncology, Cantonal Hospital Fribourg, Fribourg, 1752, Switzerland.
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Wen M, Li Y, Qin X, Qin B, Wang Q. Insight into Cancer Immunity: MHCs, Immune Cells and Commensal Microbiota. Cells 2023; 12:1882. [PMID: 37508545 PMCID: PMC10378520 DOI: 10.3390/cells12141882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells circumvent immune surveillance via diverse strategies. In accordance, a large number of complex studies of the immune system focusing on tumor cell recognition have revealed new insights and strategies developed, largely through major histocompatibility complexes (MHCs). As one of them, tumor-specific MHC-II expression (tsMHC-II) can facilitate immune surveillance to detect tumor antigens, and thereby has been used in immunotherapy, including superior cancer prognosis, clinical sensitivity to immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) therapy and tumor-bearing rejection in mice. NK cells play a unique role in enhancing innate immune responses, accounting for part of the response including immunosurveillance and immunoregulation. NK cells are also capable of initiating the response of the adaptive immune system to cancer immunotherapy independent of cytotoxic T cells, clearly demonstrating a link between NK cell function and the efficacy of cancer immunotherapies. Eosinophils were shown to feature pleiotropic activities against a variety of solid tumor types, including direct interactions with tumor cells, and accessorily affect immunotherapeutic response through intricating cross-talk with lymphocytes. Additionally, microbial sequencing and reconstitution revealed that commensal microbiota might be involved in the modulation of cancer progression, including positive and negative regulatory bacteria. They may play functional roles in not only mucosal modulation, but also systemic immune responses. Here, we present a panorama of the cancer immune network mediated by MHCI/II molecules, immune cells and commensal microbiota and a discussion of prospective relevant intervening mechanisms involved in cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minting Wen
- School of Life Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yingjing Li
- School of Life Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaonan Qin
- School of Life Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Bing Qin
- School of Life Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- School of Life Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Muthamil S, Kim HY, Jang HJ, Lyu JH, Shin UC, Go Y, Park SH, Lee HG, Park JH. Understanding the relationship between cancer associated cachexia and hypoxia-inducible factor-1. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114802. [PMID: 37146421 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated cachexia (CAC) is a multifactorial disorder characterized by an unrestricted loss of body weight as a result of muscle and adipose tissue atrophy. Cachexia is influenced by several factors, including decreased metabolic activity and food intake, an imbalance between energy uptake and expenditure, excessive catabolism, and inflammation. Cachexia is highly associated with all types of cancers responsible for more than half of cancer-related mortalities worldwide. In healthy individuals, adipose tissue significantly regulates energy balance and glucose homeostasis. However, in metastatic cancer patients, CAC occurs mainly because of an imbalance between muscle protein synthesis and degradation which are organized by certain extracellular ligands and associated signaling pathways. Under hypoxic conditions, hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1α) accumulated and translocated to the nucleus and activate numerous genes involved in cell survival, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis, metabolic reprogramming, and cancer stemness. On the other hand, the ubiquitination proteasome pathway is inhibited during low O2 levels which promote muscle wasting in cancer patients. Therefore, understanding the mechanism of the HIF-1 pathway and its metabolic adaptation to biomolecules is important for developing a novel therapeutic method for cancer and cachexia therapy. Even though many HIF inhibitors are already in a clinical trial, their mechanism of action remains unknown. With this background, this review summarizes the basic concepts of cachexia, the role of inflammatory cytokines, pathways connected with cachexia with special reference to the HIF-1 pathway and its regulation, metabolic changes, and inhibitors of HIFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramanian Muthamil
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju, Jeollanam-do, 58245, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Yong Kim
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju, Jeollanam-do, 58245, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jun Jang
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju, Jeollanam-do, 58245, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyo Lyu
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju, Jeollanam-do, 58245, Republic of Korea
| | - Ung Cheol Shin
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju, Jeollanam-do, 58245, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghoon Go
- Korean Medicine (KM)-application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Hoon Park
- Genetic and Epigenetic Toxicology Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Gu Lee
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hong Park
- Herbal Medicine Resources Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Naju, Jeollanam-do, 58245, Republic of Korea; University of Science & Technology (UST), KIOM campus, Korean Convergence Medicine Major, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Gong X, Karchin R. Pan-Cancer HLA Gene-Mediated Tumor Immunogenicity and Immune Evasion. Mol Cancer Res 2022; 20:1272-1283. [PMID: 35533264 PMCID: PMC9357147 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-21-0886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) expression contributes to the activation of antitumor immunity through interactions with T-cell receptors. Pan-cancer HLA-mediated immunogenicity and immunoediting mechanisms have not been systematically studied previously. In a retrospective analysis of 33 tumor types from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we characterized the differential expression of HLA class I and class II genes across various oncogenic pathways and immune subtypes. While HLA I genes were upregulated in all immunogenically hot tumors, HLA II genes were upregulated in an inflammatory immune subtype associated with best prognosis and were systematically downregulated in specific oncogenic pathways. A subset of immunogenically hot tumors which upregulated HLA class I but not class II genes exploited HLA-mediated escape strategies. Furthermore, with a machine learning model, we demonstrated that HLA gene expression data can be used to predict the immune subtypes of patients receiving immune checkpoint blockade and stratify patient survival. Interestingly, tumors with the highest immune infiltration did not have the best prognosis but showed significantly higher immune exhaustion. IMPLICATIONS Taken together, we highlight the prognostic potential of HLA genes in immunotherapies and suggest that higher tumor immunogenicity mediated by HLA expression may sometimes lead to tumor escape under strong selective pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xutong Gong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA,Institute for Computational Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Rachel Karchin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA,Institute for Computational Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA,corresponding author Rachel Karchin, Ph.D., 217A Hackerman Hall, 3400 N. Charles St., Baltimore, MD USA 21218, ph: +1 410 516 5578, fax: +1 410 516 5294,
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12
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Peters S, Paz-Ares L, Herbst RS, Reck M. Addressing CPI resistance in NSCLC: targeting TAM receptors to modulate the tumor microenvironment and future prospects. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2022-004863. [PMID: 35858709 PMCID: PMC9305809 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-004863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer remains a leading cause of cancer death worldwide, with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounting for the majority of cases. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs), including those targeting programmed cell death protein-1 and its ligand (PD-1/PD-L1), have revolutionized the treatment landscape for various cancers. Notably, PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor-based regimens now form the standard first-line therapy for metastatic NSCLC, substantially improving patients' overall survival. Despite the progress made using CPI-based therapies in advanced NSCLC, most patients experience disease progression after an initial response due to resistance. Given the currently limited therapeutic options available for second-line and beyond settings in NSCLC, new treatment approaches are needed to improve long-term survival in these patients. Thus, CPI resistance is an emerging concept in cancer treatment and an active area of clinical research.Among the key mechanisms of CPI resistance is the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Effective CPI therapy is based on shifting immune responses against cancer cells, therefore, manipulating the immunosuppressive TME comprises an important strategy to combat CPI resistance. Several aspects of the TME can contribute to treatment resistance in NSCLC, including through the activation of Tyro3, Axl, MerTK (TAM) receptors which are essential pleiotropic regulators of immune homeostasis. Their roles include negatively modulating the immune response, therefore ectopic expression of TAM receptors in the context of cancer can contribute to the immunosuppressive, protumorigenic TME. Furthermore, TAM receptors represent important candidates to simultaneously target both tumor cells and immune cells in the TME. Clinical development of TAM receptor inhibitors (TAM RIs) is increasingly focused on their ability to rescue the antitumor immune response, thereby shifting the immunosuppressive TME to an immunostimulatory TME. There is a strong biological rationale for combining TAM RIs with a CPI to overcome resistance and improve long-term clinical responses in NSCLC. Combinatorial clinical trials of TAM RIs with CPIs are underway with encouraging preliminary results. This review outlines the key mechanisms of CPI resistance, including the role of the immunosuppressive TME, and discusses the rationale for targeting TAM receptors as a novel, promising therapeutic strategy to overcome CPI resistance in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solange Peters
- Medical Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Luis Paz-Ares
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre and CNIO-H12O Lung Cancer Unit, Universidad Complutense and Ciberonc, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roy S Herbst
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Martin Reck
- Lung Clinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North, Center for Lung Research, Grosshansdorf, Germany
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13
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Asadirad A, Baghaei K, Hashemi SM, Dehnavi S, Ghanbarian H, Mortaz E, Anissian A, Asadzadeh Aghdaei H, Amani D. Dendritic cell immunotherapy with miR-155 enriched tumor-derived exosome suppressed cancer growth and induced antitumor immune responses in murine model of colorectal cancer induced by CT26 cell line. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 104:108493. [PMID: 35032826 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, various strategies are considered to prime Dendritic cells (DCs) with tumor antigens. The tumor cell-derived exosomes are recognized as one of the most efficient strategies for achieving this purpose. In this regard, MicroRNA 155 (miR-155) is employed as one of the most prominent miRNAs, which play substantial roles in DCs maturation and IL-12 production. This study investigates the tumor growth suppression and antitumor effects of DCs primed with miR-155-enriched exosome on the BALB/c murine model of colorectal cancer induced by CT-26 cell lines. Therefore, a holistic framework is proposed for the analysis procedure. In the first stage, miRNA-155 was electroporated into texosomes. In the second stage, bonemarrow-derived DCs were treated with miRNA-155 enriched texosomes. Then, antitumor properties of manipulated DC have been evaluated in the BALB/c mice model of colorectal cancer. After DC immunotherapy, several features have been assessed for each animal, including survival, body weight, tumor volume/size, histopathology, and serum cytokine levels. Also, flow cytometric evaluation has been performed for the spleen and the tumor tissue T-cell subsets. The findings demonstrated that the primed DCs could significantly increase IL-12p70 and IFN-γ in serum and accelerate the differentiation, proliferation, and cytotoxicity effects on the Th and CTL cells. Also, the treatment also increased the infiltration of Th and CTL cells into the tumor microenvironment while decreasing Tregs. This situation causes tumor growth control, and survival improvement. Therefore, DC immunotherapywith miR-155-enriched texosomes can be employed as a the desired approach for inducing antitumor immune responses, controlling tumor growth, and improving survival in mice with colorectal cancer. However, it is essential to perform more investigations to confirm the clinical application of this approach in humans and other types of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Asadirad
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Cancer, Petroleum and Environmental Pollutants Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Kaveh Baghaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorder Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahmoud Hashemi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajad Dehnavi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hossein Ghanbarian
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Mortaz
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Anissian
- Veterinary Pathology Department, Islamic Azad University, Abhar Branch, Abhar, Iran
| | - Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorder Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davar Amani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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14
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Wiede LL, Drover S. Flow Cytometry Analysis to Detect Lapatinib-Induced Modulation of Constitutive and IFN-γ-Induced HLA Class I Expression in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2508:135-145. [PMID: 35737238 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2376-3_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Drug-induced modulation of HLA molecules on cancer cell lines can easily be detected using flow cytometry and HLA-specific antibodies to ascertain the number of positive cells and their expression levels. Loss or downregulation of HLA-I molecules on cancer cells, a well-documented immune escape mechanism, may occur via activation and integration of numerous signalling pathways that are operative in cancer. Whereas IFN-γ, produced during an adaptive anti-tumor immune response upregulates HLA expression, activation of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) pathway and its downstream signalling pathways are reported to decrease HLA-I. Here we describe the flow cytometry procedure used to determine whether lapatinib, known to negate HER2 signalling, increased HLA-I expression on HER2+ cell lines, in the presence and absence of IFN-γ. Contrary to our prediction, the flow cytometry data clearly show lapatinib-mediated downregulation of both constitutive and IFN-γ-induced HLA class I expression. These results, for which we do not yet have an explanation, may have important implications for our understanding of lapatinib resistance in metastatic HER2+ cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa L Wiede
- Immunology and Infectious Diseases Group, Division of BioMedical Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland and Labrador, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Sheila Drover
- Immunology and Infectious Diseases Group, Division of BioMedical Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland and Labrador, St. John's, NL, Canada.
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15
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Phase Ib Study of Atezolizumab Plus Interferon-α with or without Bevacizumab in Patients with Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma and Other Solid Tumors. Curr Oncol 2021; 28:5466-5479. [PMID: 34940094 PMCID: PMC8700717 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol28060455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This Phase Ib study combined programmed death-ligand 1 inhibitor, atezolizumab, with other immunomodulatory agents in locally advanced and metastatic solid tumors. Arms B-D evaluated atezolizumab plus interferon-α, with/without vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitor, bevacizumab, in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and other solid tumors. Arm B predominantly recruited patients with previously treated RCC or melanoma to receive atezolizumab plus interferon α-2b. Arm C investigated atezolizumab plus polyethylene glycol (PEG)-interferon α-2a in previously treated RCC. Arm D evaluated atezolizumab plus PEG-interferon α-2a and bevacizumab. Primary objectives were safety and tolerability; secondary objectives included clinical activity. Combination therapy was well tolerated, with safety profiles consistent with known risks of individual agents. The most frequent treatment-related toxicities were fatigue, chills, and pyrexia. The objective response rate (ORR) in arm B was 20.0% overall and 17.8% in patients with previously treated checkpoint inhibitor-naive RCC (n = 45). No responses were reported in arm C. The highest ORR in arm D was 46.7% in patients with treatment-naive RCC (n = 15). Data showed preliminary clinical activity and acceptable tolerability of atezolizumab plus interferon α-2b in patients with previously treated checkpoint inhibitor-naive RCC and of atezolizumab plus PEG-interferon α-2a and bevacizumab in patients with treatment-naive RCC.
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16
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Newnes HV, Armitage JD, Audsley KM, Bosco A, Waithman J. Directing the Future Breakthroughs in Immunotherapy: The Importance of a Holistic Approach to the Tumour Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13235911. [PMID: 34885021 PMCID: PMC8656826 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13235911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Immunotherapies have changed the way we treat cancer and, while some patients have benefitted greatly, there are still those that do not respond to therapy. Understanding why some patients respond to therapy and others do not is critical in developing new immunotherapeutic strategies. The increasing awareness of the importance of investigating the tumour in its entirety, including the surrounding tissue and role of various immune cells is helping to differentiate responders and non-responders. In addition, the resolution gained by the development of sophisticated bioinformatic technologies allows for a deeper understanding of the complex roles of individual cells in the tumour. This advancement will be critical for the development of novel therapies to treat cancer. Abstract Immunotherapy has revolutionised the treatment of cancers by exploiting the immune system to eliminate tumour cells. Despite the impressive response in a proportion of patients, clinical benefit has been limited thus far. A significant focus to date has been the identification of specific markers associated with response to immunotherapy. Unfortunately, the heterogeneity between patients and cancer types means identifying markers of response to therapy is inherently complex. There is a growing appreciation for the role of the tumour microenvironment (TME) in directing response to immunotherapy. The TME is highly heterogeneous and contains immune, stromal, vascular and tumour cells that all communicate and interact with one another to form solid tumours. This review analyses major cell populations present within the TME with a focus on their diverse and often contradictory roles in cancer and how this informs our understanding of immunotherapy. Furthermore, we discuss the role of integrated omics in providing a comprehensive view of the TME and demonstrate the potential of leveraging multi-omics to decipher the underlying mechanisms of anti-tumour immunity for the development of novel immunotherapeutic strategies.
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17
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SARS-CoV-2 inhibits induction of the MHC class I pathway by targeting the STAT1-IRF1-NLRC5 axis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6602. [PMID: 34782627 PMCID: PMC8594428 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26910-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The MHC class I-mediated antigen presentation pathway plays a critical role in antiviral immunity. Here we show that the MHC class I pathway is targeted by SARS-CoV-2. Analysis of the gene expression profile from COVID-19 patients as well as SARS-CoV-2 infected epithelial cell lines reveals that the induction of the MHC class I pathway is inhibited by SARS-CoV-2 infection. We show that NLRC5, an MHC class I transactivator, is suppressed both transcriptionally and functionally by the SARS-CoV-2 ORF6 protein, providing a mechanistic link. SARS-CoV-2 ORF6 hampers type II interferon-mediated STAT1 signaling, resulting in diminished upregulation of NLRC5 and IRF1 gene expression. Moreover, SARS-CoV-2 ORF6 inhibits NLRC5 function via blocking karyopherin complex-dependent nuclear import of NLRC5. Collectively, our study uncovers an immune evasion mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 that targets the function of key MHC class I transcriptional regulators, STAT1-IRF1-NLRC5. The presentation of viral antigens to T cells via the MHC molecules is a critical component of the host response to viral infection. Here the authors suggest SARS-CoV-2 possesses the immune evasion strategy against the MHC class I pathway by targeting key transcriptional regulators.
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18
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Szudy-Szczyrek A, Ahern S, Kozioł M, Majowicz D, Szczyrek M, Krawczyk J, Hus M. Therapeutic Potential of Innate Lymphoid Cells for Multiple Myeloma Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4806. [PMID: 34638291 PMCID: PMC8507621 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a recently identified family of lymphocyte-like cells lacking a specific antigen receptor. They are part of the innate immune system. They play a key role in tissue homeostasis and also control inflammatory and neoplastic processes. In response to environmental stimuli, ILCs change their phenotype and functions, and influence the activity of other cells in the microenvironment. ILC dysfunction can lead to a wide variety of diseases, including cancer. ILC can be divided into three subgroups: ILC Group 1, comprising NK cells and ILC1; Group 2, including ILC2 alone; and Group 3, containing Lymphoid Tissue inducers (LTi) and ILC3 cells. While Group 1 ILCs mainly exert antitumour activity, Group 2 and Group 3 ILCs are protumorigenic in nature. A growing body of preclinical and clinical data support the role of ILCs in the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma (MM). Therefore, targeting ILCs may be of clinical benefit. In this manuscript, we review the available data on the role of ILCs in MM immunology and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Szudy-Szczyrek
- Chair and Department of Haematooncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Medical University of Lublin, 20-081 Lublin, Poland; (M.K.); (D.M.)
| | - Sean Ahern
- Department of Haematology, University Hospital Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland; (S.A.); (J.K.)
- National University of Ireland, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Magdalena Kozioł
- Chair and Department of Haematooncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Medical University of Lublin, 20-081 Lublin, Poland; (M.K.); (D.M.)
| | - Daria Majowicz
- Chair and Department of Haematooncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Medical University of Lublin, 20-081 Lublin, Poland; (M.K.); (D.M.)
| | - Michał Szczyrek
- Chair and Department of Pneumonology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Janusz Krawczyk
- Department of Haematology, University Hospital Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland; (S.A.); (J.K.)
- National University of Ireland, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Marek Hus
- Chair and Department of Haematooncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Medical University of Lublin, 20-081 Lublin, Poland; (M.K.); (D.M.)
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19
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Wang Z, Wang J. Innate lymphoid cells and gastrointestinal disease. J Genet Genomics 2021; 48:763-770. [PMID: 34419616 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2021.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a group of innate immune cells, which constitute the first line of defense in the immune system, together with skin and mucous membrane. ILCs also play an important role in maintaining the homeostasis of the body, particularly in the complex and diverse environment of the intestine. ILCs respond to different microenvironments, maintaining homeostasis directly or indirectly through cytokines. As a result, ILCs, with complex and pleiotropic characteristics, are associated with many gastrointestinal diseases. Their ability of transition among those subgroups makes them function as both promoting and inhibiting cells, thus affecting homeostasis and disease progressing to either alleviation or deterioration. With these special characteristics, ILCs theoretically can be used in the new generation of immunotherapy as an alternative and supplement to current tumor therapy. Our review summarizes the characteristics of ILCs with respect to category, function, and the relationship with intestinal homeostasis and gastrointestinal diseases. In addition, potential tumor immunotherapies involving ILCs are also discussed to shed light on the perspectives of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jun Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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20
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Gozman L, Perry K, Nikogosov D, Klabukov I, Shevlyakov A, Baranova A. A Role of Variance in Interferon Genes to Disease Severity in COVID-19 Patients. Front Genet 2021; 12:709388. [PMID: 34603376 PMCID: PMC8484761 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.709388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid rise and global consequences of the novel coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) have again brought the focus of the scientific community on the possible host factors involved in patient response and outcome to exposure to the virus. The disease severity remains highly unpredictable, and individuals with none of the aforementioned risk factors may still develop severe COVID-19. It was shown that genotype-related factors like an ABO Blood Group affect COVID-19 severity, and the risk of infection with SARS-CoV-2 was higher for patients with blood type A and lower for patients with blood type O. Currently it is not clear which specific genes are associated with COVID-19 severity. The comparative analysis of COVID-19 and other viral infections allows us to predict that the variants within the interferon pathway genes may serve as markers of the magnitude of immune response to specific pathogens. In particular, various members of Class III interferons (lambda) are reviewed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid Gozman
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - Kellie Perry
- School of System Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States
| | | | - Ilya Klabukov
- Department of Regenerative Technologies and biofabrication, National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Obninsk, Russia
| | | | - Ancha Baranova
- School of System Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States
- Atlas Biomed Group Limited, London, United Kingdom
- Research Center for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
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21
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Chen P, Zhao L, Wang H, Zhang L, Zhang W, Zhu J, Yu J, Zhao S, Li W, Sun C, Wu C, He Y, Zhou C. Human leukocyte antigen class II-based immune risk model for recurrence evaluation in stage I-III small cell lung cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2021-002554. [PMID: 34362829 PMCID: PMC8351500 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-002554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Immunotherapy has revolutionized therapeutic patterns of small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Human leukocyte antigen class II (HLA class II) is related to antitumor immunity. However, the implications of HLA class II in SCLC remain incompletely understood. Materials and methods We investigated the expression patterns of HLA class II on tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) by immunohistochemistry staining and its association with clinical parameters, immune markers, and recurrence-free survival (RFS) in 102 patients with stage I–III SCLC with radical surgery. Additionally, an HLA class II-based immune risk model was established by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression. With bioinformatics methods, we investigated HLA class II-related enrichment pathways and immune infiltration landscape in SCLC. Results HLA class II on tumor cells and TILs was positively expressed in 9 (8.8%) and 45 (44.1%) patients with SCLC, respectively. HLA class II on TILs was negatively associated with lymph node metastasis and positively correlated with programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) on TILs (p<0.001) and multiple immune markers (CD3, CD4, CD8, FOXP3; p<0.001). Lymph node metastasis (OR 0.314, 95% CI 0.118 to 0.838, p=0.021) and PD-L1 on TILs (OR 3.233, 95% CI 1.051 to 9.95, p=0.041) were independent predictive factors of HLA class II on TILs. HLA class II positivity on TILs prompted a longer RFS (40.2 months, 95% CI 31.7 to 48.7 vs 28.8 months, 95% CI 21.4 to 36.3, p=0.014). HLA class II on TILs, PD-L1 on TILs, CD4, and FOXP3 were enrolled in the immune risk model, which categorized patients into high-risk and low-risk groups and had better power for predicting the recurrence than tumor stage. Pathway enrichment analyses showed that patients with high HLA class II expression demonstrated signatures of transmembrane transportation, channel activity, and neuroactive ligand–receptor interaction. High-risk SCLC patients had a higher proportion of T follicular helper cells (p=0.034) and a lower proportion of activated memory CD4-positive T cells (p=0.040) and resting dendritic cells (p=0.045) versus low-risk patients. Conclusions HLA class II plays a crucial role in tumor immune microenvironment and recurrence prediction. This work demonstrates the prognostic and clinical values of HLA class II in patients with SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixin Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.,Tongji University, No 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lishu Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.,Tongji University, No 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200433, China.,Department of Oncology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.,Tongji University, No 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Liping Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.,Tongji University, No 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jia Yu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Sha Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Chenglong Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.,Anhui No.2 Provincial People's Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Chunyan Wu
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yayi He
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China .,Tongji University, No 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Caicun Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.,Tongji University, No 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200433, China
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22
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Gallage S, García-Beccaria M, Szydlowska M, Rahbari M, Mohr R, Tacke F, Heikenwalder M. The therapeutic landscape of hepatocellular carcinoma. MED 2021; 2:505-552. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2021.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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23
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HLA class I loss in colorectal cancer: implications for immune escape and immunotherapy. Cell Mol Immunol 2021; 18:556-565. [PMID: 33473191 PMCID: PMC8027055 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-021-00634-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
T cell-mediated immune therapies have emerged as a promising treatment modality in different malignancies including colorectal cancer (CRC). However, only a fraction of patients currently respond to treatment. Understanding the lack of responses and finding biomarkers with predictive value is of great importance. There is evidence that CRC is a heterogeneous disease and several classification systems have been proposed that are based on genomic instability, immune cell infiltration, stromal content and molecular subtypes of gene expression. Human leukocyte antigen class I (HLA-I) plays a pivotal role in presenting processed antigens to T lymphocytes, including tumour antigens. These molecules are frequently lost in different types of cancers, including CRC, resulting in tumour immune escape from cytotoxic T lymphocytes during the natural history of cancer development. The aim of this review is to (i) summarize the prevalence and molecular mechanisms behind HLA-I loss in CRC, (ii) discuss HLA-I expression/loss in the context of the newly identified CRC molecular subtypes, (iii) analyze the HLA-I phenotypes of CRC metastases disseminated via blood or the lymphatic system, (iv) discuss strategies to recover/circumvent HLA-I expression/loss and finally (v) review the role of HLA class II (HLA-II) in CRC prognosis.
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24
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Shukla A, Cloutier M, Appiya Santharam M, Ramanathan S, Ilangumaran S. The MHC Class-I Transactivator NLRC5: Implications to Cancer Immunology and Potential Applications to Cancer Immunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041964. [PMID: 33671123 PMCID: PMC7922096 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system constantly monitors the emergence of cancerous cells and eliminates them. CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), which kill tumor cells and provide antitumor immunity, select their targets by recognizing tumor antigenic peptides presented by MHC class-I (MHC-I) molecules. Cancer cells circumvent immune surveillance using diverse strategies. A key mechanism of cancer immune evasion is downregulation of MHC-I and key proteins of the antigen processing and presentation machinery (APM). Even though impaired MHC-I expression in cancers is well-known, reversing the MHC-I defects remains the least advanced area of tumor immunology. The discoveries that NLRC5 is the key transcriptional activator of MHC-I and APM genes, and genetic lesions and epigenetic modifications of NLRC5 are the most common cause of MHC-I defects in cancers, have raised the hopes for restoring MHC-I expression. Here, we provide an overview of cancer immunity mediated by CD8+ T cells and the functions of NLRC5 in MHC-I antigen presentation pathways. We describe the impressive advances made in understanding the regulation of NLRC5 expression, the data supporting the antitumor functions of NLRC5 and a few reports that argue for a pro-tumorigenic role. Finally, we explore the possible avenues of exploiting NLRC5 for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhil Shukla
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada; (A.S.); (M.C.); (M.A.S.); (S.R.)
| | - Maryse Cloutier
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada; (A.S.); (M.C.); (M.A.S.); (S.R.)
| | - Madanraj Appiya Santharam
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada; (A.S.); (M.C.); (M.A.S.); (S.R.)
| | - Sheela Ramanathan
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada; (A.S.); (M.C.); (M.A.S.); (S.R.)
- CRCHUS, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H5N4, Canada
| | - Subburaj Ilangumaran
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada; (A.S.); (M.C.); (M.A.S.); (S.R.)
- CRCHUS, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H5N4, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-819-346-1110 (ext. 14834)
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25
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Fisher K, Hazini A, Seymour LW. Tackling HLA Deficiencies Head on with Oncolytic Viruses. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:719. [PMID: 33578735 PMCID: PMC7916504 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of HLA (human leukocyte antigen) function is increasingly recognized as a common escape mechanism for cancers subject to the pressures exerted by immunosurveillance or immunotherapeutic interventions. Oncolytic viruses have the potential to counter this resistance by upregulating HLA expression or encouraging an HLA-independent immunological responses. However, to achieve the best therapeutic outcomes, a prospective understanding of the HLA phenotype of cancer patients is required to match them to the characteristics of different oncolytic strategies. Here, we consider the spectrum of immune competence observed in clinical disease and discuss how it can be best addressed using this novel and powerful treatment approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry Fisher
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK;
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26
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Sreevalsan S, Döring M, Paszkowski-Rogacz M, Brux M, Blanck C, Meyer M, Momburg F, Buchholz F, Theis M. MLLT6 maintains PD-L1 expression and mediates tumor immune resistance. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e50155. [PMID: 33063451 PMCID: PMC7726806 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202050155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells subvert immune surveillance by harnessing signals from immune checkpoints to acquire immune resistance. The protein PD‐L1 is an important component in this process, and inhibition of PD‐L1 elicits durable anti‐tumor responses in a broad spectrum of cancers. However, immune checkpoint inhibition that target known pathways is not universally effective. A better understanding of the genetic repertoire underlying these processes is necessary to expand our knowledge in tumor immunity and to facilitate identification of alternative targets. Here, we present a CRISPR/Cas9 screen in human cancer cells to identify genes that confer tumors with the ability to evade the cytotoxic effects of the immune system. We show that the transcriptional regulator MLLT6 (AF17) is required for efficient PD‐L1 protein expression and cell surface presentation in cancer cells. MLLT6 depletion alleviates suppression of CD8+ cytotoxic T cell‐mediated cytolysis. Furthermore, cancer cells lacking MLLT6 exhibit impaired STAT1 signaling and are insensitive to interferon‐γ‐induced stimulation of IDO1, GBP5, CD74, and MHC class II genes. Collectively, our findings establish MLLT6 as a regulator of oncogenic and interferon‐γ‐associated immune resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Sreevalsan
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC) Dresden, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
| | - Marietta Döring
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC) Dresden, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
| | - Maciej Paszkowski-Rogacz
- Medical Systems Biology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Melanie Brux
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC) Dresden, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
| | - Carolina Blanck
- Medical Systems Biology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marten Meyer
- Antigen Presentation & T/NK Cell Activation Group, Clinical Cooperation Unit 'Applied Tumor Immunity', German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Momburg
- Antigen Presentation & T/NK Cell Activation Group, Clinical Cooperation Unit 'Applied Tumor Immunity', German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Buchholz
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC) Dresden, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany.,Medical Systems Biology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mirko Theis
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC) Dresden, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany.,Medical Systems Biology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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27
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Liu S, Imani S, Deng Y, Pathak JL, Wen Q, Chen Y, Wu J. Targeting IFN/STAT1 Pathway as a Promising Strategy to Overcome Radioresistance. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:6037-6050. [PMID: 32606809 PMCID: PMC7321691 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s256708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The interferon (IFN)-mediated activation of the Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) signaling is crucial for cell sensitivity to ionizing radiation. Several preclinical studies have reported that the IFN/STAT1 pathway mediates radioresistance in the tumor microenvironment by shielding the immune responses and activating survival signaling pathways. This review focuses on the oncogenic function of the IFN/STAT1 pathway, emphasizing the major signaling pathway in radiation sensitization. Furthermore, it highlights the possibility of mediatory roles of the IFN/STAT1 pathway as a prognostic therapeutic target in the modulation of resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. MicroRNA involved in the regulation of the IFN/STAT1 pathway is also discussed. A better understanding of radiation-induced IFN/STAT1 signaling will open new opportunities for the development of novel therapeutic strategies, as well as define new approaches to enhance radio-immunotherapy efficacy in the treatment of various types of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuya Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Saber Imani
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Youcai Deng
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Janak L Pathak
- Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510140, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinglian Wen
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingbo Wu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, People's Republic of China
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28
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Loyon R, Jary M, Salomé B, Gomez-Cadena A, Galaine J, Kroemer M, Romero P, Trabanelli S, Adotévi O, Borg C, Jandus C. Peripheral Innate Lymphoid Cells Are Increased in First Line Metastatic Colorectal Carcinoma Patients: A Negative Correlation With Th1 Immune Responses. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2121. [PMID: 31555301 PMCID: PMC6742701 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Several distinct innate lymphoid cell (ILC) populations have been recently identified and shown to play a critical role in the immediate immune defense. In the context of tumors, there is evidence to support a dual role for ILCs with pro- or antitumor effects, depending on the ILC subset and the type of cancer. This ambivalent role has been particularly well-described in colorectal cancer models (CRC), but the presence and the evolution of ILCs in the peripheral blood of metastatic CRC (mCRC) patients have not yet been explored. Here, we investigated the distribution of ILC subsets in 96 mCRC patients who were prospectively included in the “Epitopes-CRC02” trial. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were analyzed by flow cytometry at metastatic diagnosis and after 3-months of treatment. The treatments consisted of Oxaliplatin-based chemotherapies for 76% of the patients or Folfiri (5FU, Irinotecan) chemotherapies for 14% of patients. Compared to healthy donors, the frequency of total ILCs was dramatically increased at metastatic diagnosis. CD56+ ILC1-like cells were expanded, whereas ILC2, NCR− ILCP and NCR+ ILCP subsets were decreased. Combined analysis with the systemic anti-telomerase hTERT Th1 CD4 response revealed that patients with low anti-TERT Th1 CD4 responses had the highest frequencies of total ILCs at diagnosis. Of those, 91% had synchronous metastases, and their median progression-free survival was 7.43 months (vs. 9.17 months for the other patients). In these patients, ILC1 and ILC2 were significantly decreased, whereas CD56+ ILC1-like cells were significantly increased compared to patients with low frequency of total ILCs and high anti-TERT responses. After treatment, the NCR+ ILCP were further decreased irrespective of the chemotherapy regimen, whereas the balance between ILC1 and CD56+ ILC1-like cells was modulated mainly by the Folfiri regimen in favor of ILC1. Altogether our results describe the effects of different chemotherapies on ILCs in mCRC patients. We also establish for the first time a link between frequency of ILCs and anti-tumor CD4 T cell responses in cancer patients. Thus, our study supports an interest in monitoring ILCs during cancer therapy to possibly identify predictive biomarkers in mCRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Loyon
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marine Jary
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Besançon, France.,Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France.,INSERM CIC-1431, Clinical Investigation Center in Biotherapy, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Bérengère Salomé
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alejandra Gomez-Cadena
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jeanne Galaine
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Besançon, France
| | - Marie Kroemer
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Besançon, France.,Department of Pharmacy, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Pedro Romero
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sara Trabanelli
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Adotévi
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Besançon, France.,Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Christophe Borg
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Besançon, France.,Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Camilla Jandus
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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29
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Conniot J, Scomparin A, Peres C, Yeini E, Pozzi S, Matos AI, Kleiner R, Moura LIF, Zupančič E, Viana AS, Doron H, Gois PMP, Erez N, Jung S, Satchi-Fainaro R, Florindo HF. Immunization with mannosylated nanovaccines and inhibition of the immune-suppressing microenvironment sensitizes melanoma to immune checkpoint modulators. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 14:891-901. [PMID: 31384037 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-019-0512-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A low response rate, acquired resistance and severe side effects have limited the clinical outcomes of immune checkpoint therapy. Here, we show that combining cancer nanovaccines with an anti-PD-1 antibody (αPD-1) for immunosuppression blockade and an anti-OX40 antibody (αOX40) for effector T-cell stimulation, expansion and survival can potentiate the efficacy of melanoma therapy. Prophylactic and therapeutic combination regimens of dendritic cell-targeted mannosylated nanovaccines with αPD-1/αOX40 demonstrate a synergism that stimulates T-cell infiltration into tumours at early treatment stages. However, this treatment at the therapeutic regimen does not result in an enhanced inhibition of tumour growth compared to αPD-1/αOX40 alone and is accompanied by an increased infiltration of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in tumours. Combining the double therapy with ibrutinib, a myeloid-derived suppressor cell inhibitor, leads to a remarkable tumour remission and prolonged survival in melanoma-bearing mice. The synergy between the mannosylated nanovaccines, ibrutinib and αPD-1/αOX40 provides essential insights to devise alternative regimens to improve the efficacy of immune checkpoint modulators in solid tumours by regulating the endogenous immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Conniot
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Anna Scomparin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Carina Peres
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Eilam Yeini
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sabina Pozzi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ana I Matos
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ron Kleiner
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Liane I F Moura
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Eva Zupančič
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ana S Viana
- Center of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Hila Doron
- Department of Pathology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Pedro M P Gois
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Neta Erez
- Department of Pathology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Steffen Jung
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ronit Satchi-Fainaro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Helena F Florindo
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
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30
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Friedrich M, Jasinski-Bergner S, Lazaridou MF, Subbarayan K, Massa C, Tretbar S, Mueller A, Handke D, Biehl K, Bukur J, Donia M, Mandelboim O, Seliger B. Tumor-induced escape mechanisms and their association with resistance to checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2019; 68:1689-1700. [PMID: 31375885 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-019-02373-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy aims to activate the immune system to fight cancer in a very specific and targeted manner. Despite the success of different immunotherapeutic strategies, in particular antibodies directed against checkpoints as well as adoptive T-cell therapy, the response of patients is limited in different types of cancers. This attributes to escape of the tumor from immune surveillance and development of acquired resistances during therapy. In this review, the different evasion and resistance mechanisms that limit the efficacy of immunotherapies targeting tumor-associated antigens presented by major histocompatibility complex molecules on the surface of the malignant cells are summarized. Overcoming these escape mechanisms is a great challenge, but might lead to a better clinical outcome of patients and is therefore currently a major focus of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Friedrich
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Straße 2, 06110, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Simon Jasinski-Bergner
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Straße 2, 06110, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Maria-Filothei Lazaridou
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Straße 2, 06110, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Karthikeyan Subbarayan
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Straße 2, 06110, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Chiara Massa
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Straße 2, 06110, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Sandy Tretbar
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Straße 2, 06110, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Anja Mueller
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Straße 2, 06110, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Diana Handke
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Straße 2, 06110, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Katharina Biehl
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Straße 2, 06110, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Jürgen Bukur
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Straße 2, 06110, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Marco Donia
- Department of Oncology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Ofer Mandelboim
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Barbara Seliger
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Straße 2, 06110, Halle (Saale), Germany.
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Abstract
In this chapter I describe Tumour Immune Escape mechanisms associated with MHC/HLA class I loss in human and experimental tumours. Different altered HLA class-I phenotypes can be observed that are produced by different molecular mechanisms. Experimental and histological evidences are summarized indicating that at the early stages of tumour development there is an enormous variety of tumour clones with different MHC class I expression patterns. This phase is followed by a strong T cell mediated immune-selection of MHC/HLA class-I negative tumour cells in the primary tumour lesion. This transition period results in a formation of a tumour composed only of HLA-class I negative cells. An updated description of this process observed in a large variety of human tumors is included. In the second section I focus on MHC/HLA class I alterations observed in mouse and human metastases, and describe the generation of different tumor cell clones with altered MHC class I phenotypes, which could be similar or different from the original tumor clone. The biological and immunological relevance of these observations is discussed. Finally, the interesting phenomenon of metastatic dormancy is analyzed in association with a particular MHC class I negative tumor phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Garrido
- Departamento de Analisis Clinicos e Inmunologia, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
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Garrido F. HLA Class-I Expression and Cancer Immunotherapy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1151:79-90. [PMID: 31140107 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-17864-2_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The impact of HLA class I loss in cancer immunotherapy is carefully analyzed. Why some metastatic lesions regress and other progress after immunotherapy? Are T lymphocytes responsible for tumour rejection and how these responses can be boosted? These questions are discussed in the context of the molecular mechanisms responsible for MHC/HLA class I alterations. If the metastatic tumour cells harbor "irreversible/hard" HLA lesions, they will escape and kill the host. In contrast, if the molecular lesion is "reversible/soft", tumor cells can potentially recover HLA-class I expression and can finally be destroyed. These important new concepts are integrated together and gain a great importance in the new era of "immune checkpoint antibodies". Finally, the ability to recover HLA-I expression in tumours harboring "structural-irreversible-hard" genetic lesions is seen as a challenge for the future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Garrido
- Departamento de Analisis Clinicos e Inmunologia, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
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Knuth AK, Rösler S, Schenk B, Kowald L, van Wijk SJL, Fulda S. Interferons Transcriptionally Up-Regulate MLKL Expression in Cancer Cells. Neoplasia 2018; 21:74-81. [PMID: 30521981 PMCID: PMC6310689 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) are key players in the tumor immune response and act by inducing the expression of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). Here, we identify the mixed-lineage kinase domain-like pseudokinase (MLKL) as an ISG in various cancer cell lines. Both type I and type II IFNs increase the expression of MLKL indicating that MLKL up-regulation is a general feature of IFN signaling. IFNγ up-regulates mRNA as well as protein levels of MLKL demonstrating that IFNγ transcriptionally regulates MLKL. This notion is further supported by Actinomycin D chase experiments showing that IFNγ-stimulated up-regulation of MLKL is prevented in the presence of the transcriptional inhibitor Actinomycin D. Also, knockdown of the transcription factor IFN-regulatory factor 1 (IRF1) and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 1 as well as knockout of IRF1 significantly attenuate IFNγ-mediated induction of MLKL mRNA levels. Up-regulation of MLKL by IFNγ provides a valuable tool to sensitize cells towards necroptotic cell death and to overcome apoptosis resistance of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Kathrin Knuth
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Stefanie Rösler
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Barbara Schenk
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lisa Kowald
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sjoerd J L van Wijk
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Simone Fulda
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site, Frankfurt, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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Blood Serum Levels of Proinflammatory Cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα, IL-8, IL-12p70, and IFNγ) in Patients with Uterine Myoma. Bull Exp Biol Med 2018; 165:698-701. [PMID: 30225705 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-018-4245-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
We analyzed cytokine profile in blood serum of patients with uterine myoma and revealed significantly reduced level of IFNγ and a tendency towards a decrease in the levels of IL-1β and TNFα; the levels of IL-6, IL-8, and IL-12p70 did not differ from those in healthy women. The drop in the concentrations of factors responsible for inflammation and angiogenesis in tissues are unfavorable for proliferation and differentiation of the uterine tissues.
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Chalmin F, Humblin E, Ghiringhelli F, Végran F. Transcriptional Programs Underlying Cd4 T Cell Differentiation and Functions. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 341:1-61. [PMID: 30262030 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the basis of cellular differentiation is a fundamental issue in developmental biology but also for the comprehension of pathological processes. In fact, the palette of developmental decisions for naive CD4 T cells is a critical aspect of the development of appropriate immune responses which could control infectious processes or cancer growth. However, the current accumulation of data on CD4 T cells biology reveals a complex world with different helper populations. Naive CD4 T cells can differentiate into different subtypes in response to cytokine stimulation. This stimulation involves a complex transcriptional network implicating the activation of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription but also master regulator transcription factors allowing the functions of each helper T lymphocyte subtype. In this review, we will present an overview of the transcriptional regulation which controls process of helper T cells differentiation. We will focus on the role of initiator transcriptional factors and on master regulators but also on other nonspecific transcriptional factors which refine the T helper polarization to stabilize or modulate the differentiation program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Chalmin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Georges-François Leclerc, Dijon, France; Centre de Recherche INSERM LNC-UMR1231, Dijon, France; Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Etienne Humblin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Georges-François Leclerc, Dijon, France; Centre de Recherche INSERM LNC-UMR1231, Dijon, France; Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - François Ghiringhelli
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Georges-François Leclerc, Dijon, France; Centre de Recherche INSERM LNC-UMR1231, Dijon, France; Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France; Platform of Transfer in Cancer Biology, Centre Georges-François Leclerc, Dijon, France
| | - Frédérique Végran
- Centre de Recherche INSERM LNC-UMR1231, Dijon, France; Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France; Platform of Transfer in Cancer Biology, Centre Georges-François Leclerc, Dijon, France
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Recommendations for managing PD-1 blockade in the context of allogeneic HCT in Hodgkin lymphoma: taming a necessary evil. Blood 2018; 132:9-16. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-02-811174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
PD-1 blockade is an effective therapy in relapsed/refractory (R/R) classical Hodgkin Lymphoma (cHL) who have relapsed after or are ineligible for autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Although single-agent anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibodies (mAb’s) are associated with high response rates and durable remissions, available results to date suggest that a large majority of patients will eventually progress on therapy. Many of these patients are potential candidates for allogeneic HCT (allo-HCT) after receiving anti-PD-1 mAb’s, and allo-HCT remains for now the only treatment with demonstrated curative potential in this setting. However, initial reports suggested that allo-HCT in this setting may be associated with increased risk of early transplant-related toxicity, likely driven by lingering effects of PD-1 blockade. Furthermore, many patients with R/R cHL who undergo allo-HCT will relapse after transplantation, most often with limited treatment options. Here again, PD-1 blockade appears to yield high response rates, but with an increased risk of attendant immune toxicity. Many questions remain regarding the use of PD-1 blockade before or after allo-HCT, especially in relation to the feasibility, outcome, optimal timing, and method of allo-HCT after PD-1 blockade. Despite the scarcity of prospective data, these questions are unavoidable and must be tackled by clinicians in the routine care of patients with advanced cHL. We provide consensus recommendations of a working group based on available data and experience, in an effort to help guide treatment decisions until more definitive data are obtained.
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Identification of an immune gene expression signature associated with favorable clinical features in Treg-enriched patient tumor samples. NPJ Genom Med 2018; 3:14. [PMID: 29928512 PMCID: PMC5998068 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-018-0054-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune heterogeneity within the tumor microenvironment undoubtedly adds several layers of complexity to our understanding of drug sensitivity and patient prognosis across various cancer types. Within the tumor microenvironment, immunogenicity is a favorable clinical feature in part driven by the antitumor activity of CD8+ T cells. However, tumors often inhibit this antitumor activity by exploiting the suppressive function of regulatory T cells (Tregs), thus suppressing the adaptive immune response. Despite the seemingly intuitive immunosuppressive biology of Tregs, prognostic studies have produced contradictory results regarding the relationship between Treg enrichment and survival. We therefore analyzed RNA-seq data of Treg-enriched tumor samples to derive a pan-cancer gene signature able to help reconcile the inconsistent results of Treg studies, by better understanding the variable clinical association of Tregs across alternative tumor contexts. We show that increased expression of a 32-gene signature in Treg-enriched tumor samples (n = 135) is able to distinguish a cohort of patients associated with chemosensitivity and overall survival. This cohort is also enriched for CD8+ T cell abundance, as well as the antitumor M1 macrophage subtype. With a subsequent validation in a larger TCGA pool of Treg-enriched patients (n = 626), our results reveal a gene signature able to produce unsupervised clusters of Treg-enriched patients, with one cluster of patients uniquely representative of an immunogenic tumor microenvironment. Ultimately, these results support the proposed gene signature as a putative biomarker to identify certain Treg-enriched patients with immunogenic tumors that are more likely to be associated with features of favorable clinical outcome. A new genetic test could help predict responses to therapy and survival outcomes among cancer patients with tumors that are infiltrated with large numbers of regulatory T cells (Tregs). Kevin B. Givechian of NantOmics in Los Angeles, California, USA, and colleagues measured gene activity levels in tumor samples taken from 135 patients with Treg-enriched cancers of all kinds. They singled out genes with particularly variable expression levels to create a 32-gene signature that revealed two distinct clusters of patients: those who responded to their prescribed drugs and lived longer, and those who were treatment-resistant and died sooner. The researchers also validated the gene panel in a larger, independent cohort of 626 tumor samples, showing that it could identify patients with immunogenic tumors who are more likely have favorable clinical outcomes.
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38
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Shen Y, Li J, Wang SQ, Jiang W. Ambiguous roles of innate lymphoid cells in chronic development of liver diseases. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:1962-1977. [PMID: 29760540 PMCID: PMC5949710 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i18.1962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are defined as a distinct arm of innate immunity. According to their profile of secreted cytokines and lineage-specific transcriptional factors, ILCs can be categorized into the following three groups: group 1 ILCs (including natural killer (NK) cells and ILC1s) are dependent on T-bet and can produce interferon-γ; group 2 ILCs (ILC2s) are dependent on GATA3 and can produce type 2 cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-5 and IL-13; and, group 3 ILCs (including lymphoid tissue-like cells and ILC3s) are dependent on RORγt and can produce IL-22 and IL-17. Collaborative with adaptive immunity, ILCs are highly reactive innate effectors that promptly orchestrate immunity, inflammation and tissue repair. Dysregulation of ILCs might result in inflammatory disorders. Evidence regarding the function of intrahepatic ILCs is emerging from longitudinal studies of inflammatory liver diseases wherein they exert both physiological and pathological functions, including immune homeostasis, defenses and surveillance. Their overall effect on the liver depends on the balance of their proinflammatory and antiinflammatory populations, specific microenvironment and stages of immune responses. Here, we review the current data about ILCs in chronic liver disease progression, to reveal their roles in different stages as well as to discuss their therapeutic potency as intervention targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Si-Qi Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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39
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Palomo AG, Medinilla AL, Segatori V, Barroso MDC, Blanco R, Gabri MR, Pérez AC, Monzón KL. Synergistic potentiation of the anti-metastatic effect of anti EGFR mAb by its combination with immunotherapies targeting the ganglioside NGcGM3. Oncotarget 2018; 9:24069-24080. [PMID: 29844873 PMCID: PMC5963610 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Several Anti-EGFR mAbs are register for the treatment of human cancer. However, their impact on patients overall survival has been limited by tumor resistance. N-Glycolyl variant of GM3 ganglioside (NGcGM3) is specifically expressed in some human tumors, and it has been associated with a poor prognosis. Several reports have documented that GM3 physically associates to EGFR inhibiting its ligand depend phosphorylation, but it also facilitates an alternative/compensatory signaling cascade mediated by Uroquinase Plasminogen Activator Receptor (uPAR) and integrin α5β1 interaction. However, the difference between NGc and N-Acetylated (NAc) variants of GM3 regarding such interactions is unknown. We hypothesized that enrichment of NGcGM3 expression in tumors relates to advantages of this ganglioside, on ensuring both EGFR and uPAR pathways optimal function. We explored the impact of combining an anti-EGFR (7A7 mAb) with anti-NGcGM3 therapies: NGcGM3/VSSP vaccine or 14F7 mAb. Both combinations synergistically increase overall survival in two models of lung metastasis: 3LL-D122 and 4T1; but combination with NGcGM3/VSSP vaccine is significantly more effective. In 3LL-D122-metastasis, of mice treated with the best combination, both EGFR and uPAR/α5β1 integrin pathways are turn off (I.e expression of uPAR/α5β1; and phosphorylation of EGFR, Stat3, Src and FAK are reduced); and tumor angiogenesis is decreased. Interestingly, combination treatment increases tumor infiltrating CD4+T, CD8+T and NK+-cells. Furthermore, a positive clinical outcome is reported for a cancer patient treated with an anti-EGFR mAb and anti-NGcGM3 therapy. Overall, our results support the combination of anti EGFR antibodies with therapies targeting NGcGM3 to increase their efficacy in future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Valeria Segatori
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Quilmes National University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Rances Blanco
- Center of Molecular Immunology (CIM), Atabey, Playa, Havana, Cuba
| | - Mariano R Gabri
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Quilmes National University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Bouillez A, Rajabi H, Jin C, Samur M, Tagde A, Alam M, Hiraki M, Maeda T, Hu X, Adeegbe D, Kharbanda S, Wong KK, Kufe D. MUC1-C integrates PD-L1 induction with repression of immune effectors in non-small-cell lung cancer. Oncogene 2017; 36:4037-4046. [PMID: 28288138 PMCID: PMC5509481 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapeutic approaches, particularly PD-1/PD-L1 blockade, have improved the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), supporting the premise that evasion of immune destruction is of importance for NSCLC progression. However, the signals responsible for upregulation of PD-L1 in NSCLC cells and whether they are integrated with the regulation of other immune-related genes are not known. Mucin 1 (MUC1) is aberrantly overexpressed in NSCLC, activates the NF-κB p65→ZEB1 pathway and confers a poor prognosis. The present studies demonstrate that MUC1-C activates PD-L1 expression in NSCLC cells. We show that MUC1-C increases NF-κB p65 occupancy on the CD274/PD-L1 promoter and thereby drives CD274 transcription. Moreover, we demonstrate that MUC1-C-induced activation of NF-κB→ZEB1 signaling represses the TLR9, IFNG, MCP-1 and GM-CSF genes, and that this signature is associated with decreases in overall survival. In concert with these results, targeting MUC1-C in NSCLC tumors suppresses PD-L1 and induces these effectors of innate and adaptive immunity. These findings support a previously unrecognized central role for MUC1-C in integrating PD-L1 activation with suppression of immune effectors and poor clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bouillez
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - H Rajabi
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C Jin
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Samur
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Tagde
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Alam
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Hiraki
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - T Maeda
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - X Hu
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - D Adeegbe
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S Kharbanda
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - K-K Wong
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - D Kufe
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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41
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Garrido F, Ruiz-Cabello F, Aptsiauri N. Rejection versus escape: the tumor MHC dilemma. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2017; 66:259-271. [PMID: 28040849 PMCID: PMC11028748 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-016-1947-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Most tumor cells derive from MHC-I-positive normal counterparts and remain positive at early stages of tumor development. T lymphocytes can infiltrate tumor tissue, recognize and destroy MHC class I (MHC-I)-positive cancer cells ("permissive" phase I). Later, MHC-I-negative tumor cell variants resistant to T-cell killing emerge. During this process, tumors first acquire a heterogeneous MHC-I expression pattern and finally become uniformly MHC-I-negative. This stage (phase II) represents a "non-permissive" encapsulated structure with tumor nodes surrounded by fibrous tissue containing different elements including leukocytes, macrophages, fibroblasts, etc. Molecular mechanisms responsible for total or partial MHC-I downregulation play a crucial role in determining and predicting the antigen-presenting capacity of cancer cells. MHC-I downregulation caused by reversible ("soft") lesions can be upregulated by TH1-type cytokines released into the tumor microenvironment in response to different types of immunotherapy. In contrast, when the molecular mechanism of the tumor MHC-I loss is irreversible ("hard") due to a genetic defect in the gene/s coding for MHC-I heavy chains (chromosome 6) or beta-2-microglobulin (B2M) (chromosome 15), malignant cells are unable to upregulate MHC-I, remain undetectable by cytotoxic T-cells, and continue to grow and metastasize. Based on the tumor MHC-I molecular analysis, it might be possible to define MHC-I phenotypes present in cancer patients in order to distinguish between non-responders, partial/short-term responders, and likely durable responders. This highlights the need for designing strategies to enhance tumor MHC-I expression that would allow CTL-mediated tumor rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Garrido
- Servicio de Análisis Clínicos e Inmunología, UGC Laboratorio Clínico, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Av. Fuerzas Armadas s/n, Granada, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain.
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular e Inmunología III, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - Francisco Ruiz-Cabello
- Servicio de Análisis Clínicos e Inmunología, UGC Laboratorio Clínico, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Av. Fuerzas Armadas s/n, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular e Inmunología III, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Natalia Aptsiauri
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular e Inmunología III, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
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NLRC5/CITA: A Key Player in Cancer Immune Surveillance. Trends Cancer 2017; 3:28-38. [PMID: 28718425 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells need to escape immune surveillance for successful tumor growth. Loss of MHC class I has been described as a major immune evasion strategy in many cancers. MHC class I transactivator (CITA), NLRC5 [nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeats containing (NLR) family, caspase activation and recruitment domain (CARD) domain containing 5], is a key transcription coactivator of MHC class I genes. Recent genetic studies have revealed that NLRC5 is a major target for cancer immune evasion mechanisms. The reduced expression or activity of NLRC5 caused by promoter methylation, copy number loss, or somatic mutations is associated with defective MHC class I expression, impaired cytotoxic T cell activation, and poor patient prognosis. Here, we review the role of NLRC5 in cancer immune evasion and the future prospects for cancer research.
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Perea F, Bernal M, Sánchez-Palencia A, Carretero J, Torres C, Bayarri C, Gómez-Morales M, Garrido F, Ruiz-Cabello F. The absence of HLA class I expression in non-small cell lung cancer correlates with the tumor tissue structure and the pattern of T cell infiltration. Int J Cancer 2016; 140:888-899. [PMID: 27785783 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We wanted to analyze whether tumor HLA class I (HLA-I) expression influences the pattern of the immune cell infiltration and stromal cell reaction in the tumor microenvironment. Tumor tissues obtained from 57 patients diagnosed with lung carcinomas were analyzed for HLA expression and leukocyte infiltration. 28 patients out of the 57 were completely negative for HLA-I expression (49.1%) or showed a selective HLA-A locus downregulation (three patients, 5.2%). In 26 out of 57 tumors (47.8%) we detected a positive HLA-I expression but with a percentage of HLA-I negative cells between 10 and 25%. The HLA-I negative phenotype was produced by a combination of HLA haplotype loss and a transcriptional downregulation of β2-microglobulin (β2-m) and LMP2 and LMP7 antigen presentation machinery genes. The analysis and localization of different immune cell populations revealed the presence of two major and reproducible patterns. One pattern, which we designated "immune-permissive tumor microenvironment (TME)," was characterized by positive tumor HLA-I expression, intratumoral infiltration with cytotoxic T-CD8+ cells, M1-inflammatory type macrophages, and a diffuse pattern of FAP+ cancer-associated fibroblasts. In contrast, another pattern defined as "non-immune-permissive TME" was found in HLA-I negative tumors with strong stromal-matrix interaction, T-CD8+ cells surrounding tumor nests, a dense layer of FAP+ fibroblasts and M2/repair-type macrophages. In conclusion, this study revealed marked differences between HLA class I-positive and negative tumors related to tissue structure, the composition of leukocyte infiltration and stromal response in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Perea
- Servicio de Análisis Clínicos e Inmunología, UGC Laboratorio Clínico; Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | - Mónica Bernal
- Servicio de Análisis Clínicos e Inmunología, UGC Laboratorio Clínico; Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | - Abel Sánchez-Palencia
- Servicio de Cirugía Torácica, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | - Javier Carretero
- Servicio de Análisis Clínicos e Inmunología, UGC Laboratorio Clínico; Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | - Cristina Torres
- Servicio de Análisis Clínicos e Inmunología, UGC Laboratorio Clínico; Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | - Clara Bayarri
- Servicio de Cirugía Torácica, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Federico Garrido
- Servicio de Análisis Clínicos e Inmunología, UGC Laboratorio Clínico; Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain.,Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular e Inmunología III, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco Ruiz-Cabello
- Servicio de Análisis Clínicos e Inmunología, UGC Laboratorio Clínico; Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain.,Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular e Inmunología III, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
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Armand P, Shipp MA, Ribrag V, Michot JM, Zinzani PL, Kuruvilla J, Snyder ES, Ricart AD, Balakumaran A, Rose S, Moskowitz CH. Programmed Death-1 Blockade With Pembrolizumab in Patients With Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma After Brentuximab Vedotin Failure. J Clin Oncol 2016; 34:3733-3739. [PMID: 27354476 PMCID: PMC5791838 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2016.67.3467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 513] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Classical Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) frequently exhibits genetic alterations leading to overexpression of the programmed death-1 (PD-1) ligands, suggesting a possible vulnerability to PD-1 blockade. The phase Ib study KEYNOTE-013 (NCT01953692) tested the safety and efficacy of the anti-PD-1 antibody pembrolizumab in patients with hematologic malignancies. Based on its genetics, HL was included as an independent cohort. Methods We enrolled patients with relapsed or refractory HL whose disease progressed on or after treatment with brentuximab vedotin. Patients received pembrolizumab, 10 mg/kg every 2 weeks, until disease progression occurred. Response to treatment was assessed at week 12 and every 8 weeks thereafter. Principal end points were safety and complete remission (CR) rate. Results Thirty-one patients were enrolled; 55% had more than four lines of prior therapy, and 71% had relapsed after autologous stem cell transplantation. Five patients (16%) experienced grade 3 drug-related adverse events (AEs); there were no grade 4 AEs or deaths related to treatment. The CR rate was 16% (90% CI, 7% to 31%). In addition, 48% of patients achieved a partial remission, for an overall response rate of 65% (90% CI, 48% to 79%). Most of the responses (70%) lasted longer than 24 weeks (range, 0.14+ to 74+ weeks), with a median follow-up of 17 months. The progression-free survival rate was 69% at 24 weeks and 46% at 52 weeks. Biomarker analyses demonstrated a high prevalence of PD-L1 and PD-L2 expression, treatment-induced expansion of T cells and natural killer cells, and activation of interferon-γ, T-cell receptor, and expanded immune-related signaling pathways. Conclusions Pembrolizumab was associated with a favorable safety profile. Pembrolizumab treatment induced favorable responses in a heavily pretreated patient cohort, justifying further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Armand
- Philippe Armand and Margaret A. Shipp, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Vincent Ribrag and Jean-Marie Michot, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Pier Luigi Zinzani, Institute of Hematology Seràgnoli, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; John Kuruvilla, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Ellen S. Snyder, Alejandro D. Ricart, Arun Balakumaran, and Shelonitda Rose, Merck, Kenilworth, NJ; and Craig H. Moskowitz, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Margaret A. Shipp
- Philippe Armand and Margaret A. Shipp, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Vincent Ribrag and Jean-Marie Michot, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Pier Luigi Zinzani, Institute of Hematology Seràgnoli, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; John Kuruvilla, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Ellen S. Snyder, Alejandro D. Ricart, Arun Balakumaran, and Shelonitda Rose, Merck, Kenilworth, NJ; and Craig H. Moskowitz, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Vincent Ribrag
- Philippe Armand and Margaret A. Shipp, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Vincent Ribrag and Jean-Marie Michot, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Pier Luigi Zinzani, Institute of Hematology Seràgnoli, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; John Kuruvilla, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Ellen S. Snyder, Alejandro D. Ricart, Arun Balakumaran, and Shelonitda Rose, Merck, Kenilworth, NJ; and Craig H. Moskowitz, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Jean-Marie Michot
- Philippe Armand and Margaret A. Shipp, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Vincent Ribrag and Jean-Marie Michot, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Pier Luigi Zinzani, Institute of Hematology Seràgnoli, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; John Kuruvilla, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Ellen S. Snyder, Alejandro D. Ricart, Arun Balakumaran, and Shelonitda Rose, Merck, Kenilworth, NJ; and Craig H. Moskowitz, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Pier Luigi Zinzani
- Philippe Armand and Margaret A. Shipp, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Vincent Ribrag and Jean-Marie Michot, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Pier Luigi Zinzani, Institute of Hematology Seràgnoli, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; John Kuruvilla, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Ellen S. Snyder, Alejandro D. Ricart, Arun Balakumaran, and Shelonitda Rose, Merck, Kenilworth, NJ; and Craig H. Moskowitz, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - John Kuruvilla
- Philippe Armand and Margaret A. Shipp, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Vincent Ribrag and Jean-Marie Michot, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Pier Luigi Zinzani, Institute of Hematology Seràgnoli, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; John Kuruvilla, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Ellen S. Snyder, Alejandro D. Ricart, Arun Balakumaran, and Shelonitda Rose, Merck, Kenilworth, NJ; and Craig H. Moskowitz, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Ellen S. Snyder
- Philippe Armand and Margaret A. Shipp, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Vincent Ribrag and Jean-Marie Michot, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Pier Luigi Zinzani, Institute of Hematology Seràgnoli, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; John Kuruvilla, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Ellen S. Snyder, Alejandro D. Ricart, Arun Balakumaran, and Shelonitda Rose, Merck, Kenilworth, NJ; and Craig H. Moskowitz, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Alejandro D. Ricart
- Philippe Armand and Margaret A. Shipp, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Vincent Ribrag and Jean-Marie Michot, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Pier Luigi Zinzani, Institute of Hematology Seràgnoli, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; John Kuruvilla, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Ellen S. Snyder, Alejandro D. Ricart, Arun Balakumaran, and Shelonitda Rose, Merck, Kenilworth, NJ; and Craig H. Moskowitz, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Arun Balakumaran
- Philippe Armand and Margaret A. Shipp, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Vincent Ribrag and Jean-Marie Michot, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Pier Luigi Zinzani, Institute of Hematology Seràgnoli, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; John Kuruvilla, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Ellen S. Snyder, Alejandro D. Ricart, Arun Balakumaran, and Shelonitda Rose, Merck, Kenilworth, NJ; and Craig H. Moskowitz, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Shelonitda Rose
- Philippe Armand and Margaret A. Shipp, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Vincent Ribrag and Jean-Marie Michot, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Pier Luigi Zinzani, Institute of Hematology Seràgnoli, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; John Kuruvilla, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Ellen S. Snyder, Alejandro D. Ricart, Arun Balakumaran, and Shelonitda Rose, Merck, Kenilworth, NJ; and Craig H. Moskowitz, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Craig H. Moskowitz
- Philippe Armand and Margaret A. Shipp, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Vincent Ribrag and Jean-Marie Michot, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Pier Luigi Zinzani, Institute of Hematology Seràgnoli, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; John Kuruvilla, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Ellen S. Snyder, Alejandro D. Ricart, Arun Balakumaran, and Shelonitda Rose, Merck, Kenilworth, NJ; and Craig H. Moskowitz, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
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Kursunel MA, Esendagli G. The untold story of IFN-γ in cancer biology. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2016; 31:73-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Carrega P, Campana S, Bonaccorsi I, Ferlazzo G. The Yin and Yang of Innate Lymphoid Cells in Cancer. Immunol Lett 2016; 179:29-35. [PMID: 27296768 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The recent appreciation of novel subsets of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) as important regulators of tissue homeostasis, inflammation and repair, raise questions regarding the presence and role of these cells in cancer tissues. In addition to natural killer and fetal lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi) cells, the ILC family comprises non-cytolytic, cytokine-producing cells that are classified into ILC1, ILC2 and ILC3 based on phenotypic and functional characteristics. Differently from natural killer cells, which are the prototypical members of ILC1 and whose role in tumors is better established, the involvement of other ILC subsets in cancer progression or resistance is still fuzzy and in several instances controversial, since current studies indicate both context-dependent beneficial or pathogenic effects. Here, we review the current knowledge regarding the involvement of these novel ILC subsets in the context of tumor immunology, highlighting how ILC subsets might behave either as friends or foes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Carrega
- Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova 16148, Italy; Cell Factory UniMe, University of Messina, 98125, Italy
| | - Stefania Campana
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biotherapy, University of Messina, 98125, Italy
| | - Irene Bonaccorsi
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biotherapy, University of Messina, 98125, Italy
| | - Guido Ferlazzo
- Cell Factory UniMe, University of Messina, 98125, Italy; Laboratory of Immunology and Biotherapy, University of Messina, 98125, Italy; Cell Therapy Program, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico Gaetano Martino, Messina 98125, Italy.
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Melling N, Grüning A, Tachezy M, Nentwich M, Reeh M, Uzunoglu FG, Vashist YK, Izbicki JR, Bogoevski D. Glasgow Prognostic Score may be a prognostic index for overall and perioperative survival in gastric cancer without perioperative treatment. Surgery 2016; 159:1548-1556. [DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2016.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell as a New Source for Cancer Immunotherapy. GENETICS RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:3451807. [PMID: 27019752 PMCID: PMC4785259 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3451807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The immune system consists of cells, proteins, and other molecules that beside each other have a protective function for the host against foreign pathogens. One of the most essential features of the immune system is distinguishability between self- and non-self-cells. This function has an important role in limiting development and progression of cancer cells. In this case, the immune system can detect tumor cell as a foreign pathogen; so, it can be effective in elimination of tumors in their early phases of development. This ability of the immune system resulted in the development of a novel therapeutic field for cancer treatment using host immune components which is called cancer immunotherapy. The main purpose of cancer immunotherapy is stimulation of a strong immune response against the tumor cells that can result from expressing either the immune activator cytokines in the tumor area or gene-modified immune cells. Because of the problems of culturing and manipulating immune cells ex vivo, in recent years, embryonic stem cell (ESC) and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) have been used as new sources for generation of modified immune stimulatory cells. In this paper, we reviewed some of the progressions in iPSC technology for cancer immunotherapy.
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Matveeva OV, Guo ZS, Shabalina SA, Chumakov PM. Oncolysis by paramyxoviruses: multiple mechanisms contribute to therapeutic efficiency. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2015; 2:15011. [PMID: 26640816 PMCID: PMC4667958 DOI: 10.1038/mto.2015.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic paramyxoviruses include some strains of Measles, Mumps, Newcastle disease, and Sendai viruses. All these viruses are well equipped for promoting highly specific and efficient malignant cell death, which can be direct and/or immuno-mediated. A number of proteins that serve as natural receptors for oncolytic paramyxoviruses are frequently overexpressed in malignant cells. Therefore, the preferential interaction of paramyxoviruses with malignant cells rather than with normal cells is promoted. Due to specific genetic defects of cancer cells in the interferon (IFN) and apoptotic pathways, viral replication has the potential to be promoted specifically in tumors. Viral mediation of syncytium formation (a polykaryonic structure) promotes intratumoral paramyxo-virus replication and spreading, without exposure to host neutralizing antibodies. So, two related processes: efficient intratumoral infection spread as well as the consequent mass malignant cell death, both are enhanced. In general, the paramyxoviruses elicit strong anticancer innate and adaptive immune responses by triggering multiple danger signals. The paramyxoviruses are powerful inducers of IFN and other immuno-stimulating cytokines. These viruses efficiently promote anticancer activity of natural killer cells, dendritic cells, and cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Moreover, a neuraminidase (sialidase), a component of the viral envelope of Newcastle Disease, Mumps, and Sendai viruses, can cleave sialic acids on the surface of malignant cells thereby unmasking cancer antigens and exposing them to the immune system. These multiple mechanisms contribute to therapeutic efficacy of oncolytic paramyxovi-ruses and are responsible for encouraging results in preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V Matveeva
- Biopolymer Design LLC, Acton, Massachusetts, USA
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Zong S Guo
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Svetlana A Shabalina
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Peter M Chumakov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Moscow, Russia
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Decreased Interferon γ Production in CD3+ and CD3−CD56+ Lymphocyte Subsets in Metastatic Regional Lymph Nodes of Melanoma Patients. Pathol Oncol Res 2015; 21:1109-14. [DOI: 10.1007/s12253-015-9938-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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