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Alinger-Scharinger B, Kronberger C, Hutarew G, Hitzl W, Reitsamer R, Frederike KF, Hager M, Fischer T, Sotlar K, Jaksch-Bogensperger H. HER2 copy number determination in breast cancer using the highly sensitive droplet digital PCR method. Virchows Arch 2024; 485:53-62. [PMID: 37996704 PMCID: PMC11271376 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-023-03706-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER)-positive breast cancer (BC) is characterized by an aggressive clinical course. In the case of HER2 overexpression/amplification, patients benefit from HER2-targeting therapies. Standardized diagnostic HER2 assessment includes immunohistochemistry (IHC) and/or in situ hybridization (ISH). The aim of this study was to compare this "gold standard" with the Droplet Digital™ polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR), a method that allows sensitive and precise detection of copy number variations (CNV) in FFPE (formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded) DNA samples. Partitioning of the PCR reaction into 20,000 droplets enables a precise quantitative "CN" discrimination also in heterogeneous samples. FFPE breast cancer samples (n = 170) with routinely assessed HER2 status by IHC/ISH were retrospectively analyzed using the ddPCR CNV ERBB2 assay. Comparison of HER2 status assessment by the two methods revealed concordant results in 92.9% (158/170) of the cases. Discrepant cases were verified and interpreted. For ddPCR, a cut off value of 3 HER2 copies was set to distinguish between HER2-negative and HER2-positive BC. Results obtained with the ddPCR CNV ERBB2 assay were consistent and reproducible, and serial dilutions demonstrated a high stability and sensitivity of the method. The ddPCR CNV ERBB2 assay may be a specific and convenient tool to quantify HER2 copy numbers in BC samples. In our study, this method showed high reproducibility in accuracy of HER2 assessment compared to IHC/ISH analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beate Alinger-Scharinger
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital and Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Muellner Hauptstraße 48, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Cornelia Kronberger
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital and Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Muellner Hauptstraße 48, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Georg Hutarew
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital and Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Muellner Hauptstraße 48, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Hitzl
- Research Management and Technology Transfer, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Strubergasse 16, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Muellner Hauptstraße 48, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
- Research Program Experimental Ophthalmology and Glaucoma Research, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Muellner Hauptstraße 48, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Roland Reitsamer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Clinical Research Center Salzburg (CRCS), University Hospital and Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Muellner Hauptstraße 48, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Klaassen-Federspiel Frederike
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Clinical Research Center Salzburg (CRCS), University Hospital and Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Muellner Hauptstraße 48, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Martina Hager
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital and Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Muellner Hauptstraße 48, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Thorsten Fischer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Clinical Research Center Salzburg (CRCS), University Hospital and Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Muellner Hauptstraße 48, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Karl Sotlar
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital and Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Muellner Hauptstraße 48, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Heidi Jaksch-Bogensperger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Clinical Research Center Salzburg (CRCS), University Hospital and Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Muellner Hauptstraße 48, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
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2
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Porebski BT, Balmforth M, Browne G, Riley A, Jamali K, Fürst MJLJ, Velic M, Buchanan A, Minter R, Vaughan T, Holliger P. Rapid discovery of high-affinity antibodies via massively parallel sequencing, ribosome display and affinity screening. Nat Biomed Eng 2024; 8:214-232. [PMID: 37814006 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-023-01093-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Developing therapeutic antibodies is laborious and costly. Here we report a method for antibody discovery that leverages the Illumina HiSeq platform to, within 3 days, screen in the order of 108 antibody-antigen interactions. The method, which we named 'deep screening', involves the clustering and sequencing of antibody libraries, the conversion of the DNA clusters into complementary RNA clusters covalently linked to the instrument's flow-cell surface on the same location, the in situ translation of the clusters into antibodies tethered via ribosome display, and their screening via fluorescently labelled antigens. By using deep screening, we discovered low-nanomolar nanobodies to a model antigen using 4 × 106 unique variants from yeast-display-enriched libraries, and high-picomolar single-chain antibody fragment leads for human interleukin-7 directly from unselected synthetic repertoires. We also leveraged deep screening of a library of 2.4 × 105 sequences of the third complementarity-determining region of the heavy chain of an anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) antibody as input for a large language model that generated new single-chain antibody fragment sequences with higher affinity for HER2 than those in the original library.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Aidan Riley
- Biologics Engineering, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Maximillian J L J Fürst
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Ralph Minter
- Biologics Engineering, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
- Alchemab Therapeutics, London, UK
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Yang K, Song J, Liu M, Xue L, Liu S, Yin X, Liu K. TBACkp: HER2 expression status classification network focusing on intrinsic subenvironmental characteristics of breast cancer liver metastases. Comput Biol Med 2024; 170:108002. [PMID: 38277921 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.108002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
The HER2 expression status in breast cancer liver metastases is a crucial indicator for the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis assessment of patients. And typical diagnosis involves assessing the HER2 expression status through invasive procedures like biopsy. However, this method has certain drawbacks, such as being difficult in obtaining tissue samples and requiring long examination periods. To address these limitations, we propose an AI-aided diagnostic model. This model enables rapid diagnosis. It diagnoses a patient's HER2 expression status on the basis of preprocessed images, which is the region of the lesion extracted from a CT image rather than from an actual tissue sample. The algorithm of the model adopts a parallel structure, including a Branch Block and a Trunk Block. The Branch Block is responsible for extracting the gradient characteristics between the tumor sub-environments, and the Trunk Block is for fusing the characteristics extracted by the Branch Block. The Branch Block contains CNN with self-attention, which combines the advantages of CNN and self-attention to extract more meticulous and comprehensive image features. And the Trunk Block is so designed that it fuses the extracted image feature information without affecting the transmission of the original image features. The Conv-Attention is used to calculate the attention in the Trunk Block, which uses kernel dot product and is responsible for providing the weight for the self-attention in the process of using convolution induced deviation calculation. Combined with the structure of the model and the method used, we refer to this model as TBACkp. The dataset comprises the enhanced abdominal CT images of 151 patients with liver metastases from breast cancer, together with the corresponding HER2 expression levels for each patient. The experimental results are as follows: (AUC: 0.915, ACC: 0.854, specificity: 0.809, precision: 0.863, recall: 0.881, F1-score: 0.872). The results demonstrate that this method can accurately assess the HER2 expression status in patients when compared with other advanced deep learning model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yang
- College of Quality and Technical Supervision, Hebei University, Baoding, China; Hebei Technology Innovation Center for Lightweight of New Energy Vehicle Power System, Baoding, China; Scientific Research and Innovation Team of Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Jie Song
- College of Quality and Technical Supervision, Hebei University, Baoding, China; Hebei Technology Innovation Center for Lightweight of New Energy Vehicle Power System, Baoding, China; Scientific Research and Innovation Team of Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Meng Liu
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Linyan Xue
- College of Quality and Technical Supervision, Hebei University, Baoding, China; Hebei Technology Innovation Center for Lightweight of New Energy Vehicle Power System, Baoding, China; Scientific Research and Innovation Team of Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- College of Quality and Technical Supervision, Hebei University, Baoding, China; Hebei Technology Innovation Center for Lightweight of New Energy Vehicle Power System, Baoding, China; Scientific Research and Innovation Team of Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Xiaoping Yin
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Precise Imaging of Inflammation Related Tumors, Hebei University, Baoding, China; The Outstanding Young Scientific Research and Innovation Team of Hebei University, Baoding, China.
| | - Kun Liu
- College of Quality and Technical Supervision, Hebei University, Baoding, China; Hebei Technology Innovation Center for Lightweight of New Energy Vehicle Power System, Baoding, China; Scientific Research and Innovation Team of Hebei University, Baoding, China.
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Harskamp LR, Perez-Gomez MV, Heida JE, Engels GE, van Goor H, van den Heuvel MC, Streets AJ, Ong ACM, Ortiz A, Gansevoort RT. The association of urinary epidermal growth factors with ADPKD disease severity and progression. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2023; 38:2266-2275. [PMID: 36914219 PMCID: PMC10539218 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfad050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway is involved in kidney tissue repair and growth. Preclinical interventional data and scarce human data have suggested a role for this pathway in the pathophysiology of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), while other data have suggested that its activation is causally linked to repair of damaged kidney tissue. We hypothesize that urinary EGFR ligands, as a reflection of EGFR activity, are associated with kidney function decline in ADPKD in the context of tissue repair following injury, and as the disease progresses as a sign of insufficient repair. METHODS In the present study, we measured the EGFR ligands, EGF and heparin binding-EGF (HB-EGF), in 24-h urine samples of 301 ADPKD patients and 72 age- and sex-matched living kidney donors to dissect the role of the EGFR pathway in ADPKD. During a median follow-up of 2.5 years, the association of urinary EGFR ligand excretion with annual change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and height-adjusted total kidney volume in ADPKD patients was analyzed using mixed-models methods, and the expression of three closely related EGFR family receptors in ADPKD kidney tissue was investigated by immunohistochemistry. Additionally, the effect of reducing renal mass (after kidney donation), was assessed to investigate whether urinary EGF matches this reduction and thus reflects the amount of remaining healthy kidney tissue. RESULTS At baseline, urinary HB-EGF did not differ between ADPKD patients and healthy controls (P = .6), whereas a lower urinary EGF excretion was observed in ADPKD patients [18.6 (11.8-27.8)] compared with healthy controls [51.0 (34.9-65.4) μg/24 h, P < .001]. Urinary EGF was positively associated with baseline eGFR (R = 0.54, P < .001) and a lower EGF was strongly associated with a more rapid GFR decline, even when adjusted for ADPKD severity markers (β = 1.96, P < .001), whereas HB-EGF was not. Expression of the EGFR, but not other EGFR-related receptors, was observed in renal cysts but was absent in non-ADPKD kidney tissue. Finally, unilateral nephrectomy resulted in a decrease of 46.4 (-63.3 to -17.6) % in urinary EGF excretion, alongside a decrease of 35.2 ± 7.2% in eGFR and 36.8 ± 6.9% in measured GFR (mGFR), whereas maximal mGFR (measured after dopamine induced hyperperfusion) decreased by 46.1 ± 7.8% (all P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that lower urinary EGF excretion may be a valuable novel predictor for kidney function decline in patients with ADPKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura R Harskamp
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center of Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Judith E Heida
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center of Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Harry van Goor
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center of Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marius C van den Heuvel
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center of Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew J Streets
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield Medical School, Kidney Genetics Group, Academic Nephrology Unit, Sheffield, UK
| | - Albert C M Ong
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield Medical School, Kidney Genetics Group, Academic Nephrology Unit, Sheffield, UK
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- Department of Nephrology, Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital and IIS-FJD, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ron T Gansevoort
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center of Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Kniazkina M, Dyachuk V. Does EGFR Signaling Mediate Orexin System Activity in Sleep Initiation? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119505. [PMID: 37298454 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep-wake cycle disorders are an important symptom of many neurological diseases, including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and multiple sclerosis. Circadian rhythms and sleep-wake cycles play a key role in maintaining the health of organisms. To date, these processes are still poorly understood and, therefore, need more detailed elucidation. The sleep process has been extensively studied in vertebrates, such as mammals and, to a lesser extent, in invertebrates. A complex, multi-step interaction of homeostatic processes and neurotransmitters provides the sleep-wake cycle. Many other regulatory molecules are also involved in the cycle regulation, but their functions remain largely unclear. One of these signaling systems is epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which regulates the activity of neurons in the modulation of the sleep-wake cycle in vertebrates. We have evaluated the possible role of the EGFR signaling pathway in the molecular regulation of sleep. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that underlie sleep-wake regulation will provide critical insight into the fundamental regulatory functions of the brain. New findings of sleep-regulatory pathways may provide new drug targets and approaches for the treatment of sleep-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Kniazkina
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690041, Russia
| | - Vyacheslav Dyachuk
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690041, Russia
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6
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Basu D, Pal R, Sarkar M, Barma S, Halder S, Roy H, Nandi S, Samadder A. To Investigate Growth Factor Receptor Targets and Generate Cancer Targeting Inhibitors. Curr Top Med Chem 2023; 23:2877-2972. [PMID: 38164722 DOI: 10.2174/0115680266261150231110053650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) regulates multiple pathways, including Mitogenactivated protein kinases (MAPKs), PI3/AKT, JAK/STAT pathway, etc. which has a significant role in the progression and metastasis of tumor. As RTK activation regulates numerous essential bodily processes, including cell proliferation and division, RTK dysregulation has been identified in many types of cancers. Targeting RTK is a significant challenge in cancer due to the abnormal upregulation and downregulation of RTK receptors subfamily EGFR, FGFR, PDGFR, VEGFR, and HGFR in the progression of cancer, which is governed by multiple RTK receptor signalling pathways and impacts treatment response and disease progression. In this review, an extensive focus has been carried out on the normal and abnormal signalling pathways of EGFR, FGFR, PDGFR, VEGFR, and HGFR and their association with cancer initiation and progression. These are explored as potential therapeutic cancer targets and therefore, the inhibitors were evaluated alone and merged with additional therapies in clinical trials aimed at combating global cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debroop Basu
- Cell and Developmental Biology Special, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
| | - Riya Pal
- Cell and Developmental Biology Special, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, IndiaIndia
| | - Maitrayee Sarkar
- Cell and Developmental Biology Special, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
| | - Soubhik Barma
- Cell and Developmental Biology Special, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
| | - Sumit Halder
- Cell and Developmental Biology Special, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
| | - Harekrishna Roy
- Nirmala College of Pharmacy, Vijayawada, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Sisir Nandi
- Global Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (Affiliated to Uttarakhand Technical University), Kashipur, 244713, India
| | - Asmita Samadder
- Cell and Developmental Biology Special, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Lab., Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
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Balogun TA, Iqbal MN, Saibu OA, Akintubosun MO, Lateef OM, Nneka UC, Abdullateef OT, Omoboyowa DA. Discovery of potential HER2 inhibitors from Mangifera indica for the treatment of HER2-Positive breast cancer: an integrated computational approach. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:12772-12784. [PMID: 34514973 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1975570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is a member of epidermal growth factor receptors with tyrosine kinase functionality. The dimerization of HER2 leads to the autophosphorylation of tyrosine residues within its cytoplasmic domain, resulting in hyperactivation of several downstream signal transduction pathways that play an important role in tumorigenesis, cancer aggressiveness and cell proliferation. Amplification or overexpression of HER2 has been found in approximately 15-30% of breast cancers. Hence, HER2 serve as a therapeutic biomarker in breast cancer. Herein, we applied structural bioinformatics techniques via molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, Molecular mechanics/generalized Born surface area (MM/GBSA) calculations and pharmacokinetic models to identify putative HER2 inhibitors. Application of stringent molecular docking results in the identification of bioactive compounds from Mangifera indica as selective, potent inhibitors of HER2. However, only the top three compounds with the highest negative docking score (< -9kcal/mol) was considered in reference to neratinib (-8.601 kcal/mol) for computational analysis. The molecular dynamics simulations and post-simulation analysis of docked HER2-ligand complexes unveil the substantial stability for M. indica ligands over the 100 ns simulation period. Additionally, MM/GBSA binding free energy calculation supports the inhibitory potential for the docked ligands, which exclusively revealed the highest binding energy for selected M. indica ligands than the reference compound (neratinib). The pharmacokinetic model showed that M. indica ligands are promising therapeutic agents. Conclusively, bioactive compounds from M. indica may serve as lead molecules that could be developed into potent and effective HER2 inhibitors for breast cancer treatment.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muhammad Nasir Iqbal
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, ICT, Pakistan
| | - Oluwatosin Abideen Saibu
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Universitat Duisburg-Essen, NorthRhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | | | | | - Uche Catherine Nneka
- Department of Quality Assurance, Loving Gaze-SHOPS Plus Tuberculosis USAID Project, Nsukka, Nigeria
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Barot SV, Roesch E, Abraham J. Optimizing adjuvant and post-neoadjuvant therapy in HER2-positive early breast cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2022; 22:1289-1299. [PMID: 36373394 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2022.2146580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Treatment advances have improved outcomes in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive early-stage breast cancer (eBC) but certain patients remain at high risk of recurrence. Neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) has comparable outcomes to adjuvant therapy with the advantage of surgical down-staging, response assessment, informing prognosis, and tailoring adjuvant treatment. Thus, the standard of care for the majority of HER2-positive eBC has become a combination of chemotherapy and HER2-targeted agents given in the neoadjuvant setting. AREAS COVERED Mounting evidence suggests that pathologic complete response after NAT translates to a favorable long-term prognosis. The efficacy and tolerability of post-NAT are key, particularly for patients with residual disease. This is demonstrated, for example, by the use of trastuzumab emtansine in the appropriate clinical setting and various new drugs under investigation. This review summarizes the current clinical management and exciting future directions to optimize outcomes in HER2-positive eBC. EXPERT OPINION Targeted therapies such as trastuzumab deruxtecan, tucatinib, and immunotherapy have demonstrated impressive responses in metastatic breast cancer, including CNS disease. Incorporating these agents in the post-neoadjuvant space may improve the prognosis of HER2-positive eBC. Future research should prioritize the identification of biomarkers that personalize treatments to achieve maximum benefit and less toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimoli V Barot
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Erin Roesch
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jame Abraham
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Pitcher JL, Alexander N, Miranda PJ, Johns TG. ErbB4 in the brain: Focus on high grade glioma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:983514. [PMID: 36119496 PMCID: PMC9471956 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.983514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) consists of EGFR, ErbB2, ErbB3, and ErbB4. These receptors play key roles in cell proliferation, angiogenesis, cell migration, and in some cases, tumor promotion. ErbB4 is a unique member of the EGFR family, implicated not only in pro-tumorigenic mechanisms, such as cell proliferation and migration, but also in anti-tumorigenic activities, including cell differentiation and apoptosis. ErbB4 is differentially expressed in a wide variety of tissues, and interestingly, as different isoforms that result in vastly different signalling outcomes. Most studies have either ignored the presence of these isoforms or used overexpression models that may mask the true function of ErbB4. ErbB4 is widely expressed throughout the body with significant expression in skeletal tissue, mammary glands, heart, and brain. Knockout models have demonstrated embryonic lethality due to disrupted heart and brain development. Despite high expression in the brain and a critical role in brain development, remarkably little is known about the potential signalling activity of ErbB4 in brain cancer.This review focuses on the unique biology of ErbB4 in the brain, and in particular, highlights brain cancer research findings. We end the review with a focus on high grade gliomas, primarily glioblastoma, a disease that has been shown to involve EGFR and its mutant forms. The role of the different ErbB4 isotypes in high grade gliomas is still unclear and future research will hopefully shed some light on this question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie-Lee Pitcher
- Oncogenic Signalling Laboratory, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- *Correspondence: Jamie-Lee Pitcher,
| | - Naomi Alexander
- Oncogenic Signalling Laboratory, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Panimaya Jeffreena Miranda
- Oncogenic Signalling Laboratory, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Division of Paediatrics/Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Terrance G. Johns
- Oncogenic Signalling Laboratory, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Division of Paediatrics/Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
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Menon SR, Mitra A, Chakraborty A, Tawate M, Sahu S, Rakshit S, Gaikwad S, Dhotre G, Damle A, Banerjee S. Clinical Dose Preparation of [ 177Lu]Lu-DOTA-Pertuzumab Using Medium Specific Activity [ 177Lu]LuCl 3 for Radioimmunotherapy of Breast and Epithelial Ovarian Cancers, with HER2 Receptor Overexpression. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2022; 37:384-402. [PMID: 35575711 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2021.0230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is commonly associated with metastatic breast cancer and epithelial ovarian cancer. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved Trastuzumab as an anti-HER2 agent for the metastatic breast and epithelial ovarian cancer. However, Trastuzumab has severe limitations in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer associated with ligand-dependent dimerization of HER2 receptor at the extracellular domain-II (ECD-II) region. The therapeutic approach in combination of pertuzumab and trastuzumab is found to be effective in preventing HER2 dimerization at the ECD-II region. The radioimmunotherapeutic approach, utilizing both these anti-HER2 agents (trastuzumab/pertuzumab), radiolabeled with [177Lu]Lu3+, has proved to be clinically efficacious with promising potential. Toward this, the formulation for clinical doses of [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-pertuzumab has been optimized using medium specific activity (0.81 GBq/μg) [177Lu]LuCl3. Materials and Methods: Preconcentrated pertuzumab was conjugated with p-NCS-benzyl-DOTA. Purified DOTA-benzyl-pertuzumab conjugate was radiolabeled with carrier-added [177Lu]LuCl3. Quality control parameters were evaluated for the [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-pertuzumab. In vivo biodistribution was carried out at different time points postadministration. Specific cell binding, immunoreactivity, and internalization were investigated by using SKOV3 and SKBR3 cells. Results: In this study, the authors reported a consistent and reproducible protocol for clinical dose formulations of [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-pertuzumab, with a radiochemical yield of 86.67% ± 1.03% and radiochemical purity (RCP) of 99.36% ± 0.36% (n = 10). Preclinical cell binding studies of [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-pertuzumab revealed specific binding with SKOV3 and SKBR3 cells up to 24.4% ± 1.4% and 23.2% ± 0.8%, respectively. The uptakes in SKOV3- and SKBR3-xenografted tumor in severe combined immunodeficiency mice were observed to be 25.9% ± 0.8% and 25.2% ± 1.2% ID/g at 48 and 120 h postinjection, respectively. Conclusions: A protocol was optimized for the preparation of ready-to-use clinical dose of [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-pertuzumab, in hospital radiopharmacy settings. The retention of RCP of the radiopharmaceutical, on storage in saline and serum, at -20°C, up to 120 h postradiolabeling, confirmed its in vitro stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreeja Raj Menon
- Health Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Arpit Mitra
- Medical Cyclotron Facility, Board of Radiation and Isotope Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Avik Chakraborty
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India.,Radiation Medicine Centre, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Megha Tawate
- Radiation Medicine Centre, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Sudeep Sahu
- Radiation Medicine Centre, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Sutapa Rakshit
- Radiation Medicine Centre, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Sujay Gaikwad
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India.,Radiation Medicine Centre, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Geetanjali Dhotre
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
| | - Archana Damle
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India.,Radiation Medicine Centre, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Sharmila Banerjee
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India.,Radiological Research Unit, Advance Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
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11
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Lamtha T, Krobthong S, Yingchutrakul Y, Samutrtai P, Gerner C, Tabtimmai L, Choowongkomon K. A novel nanobody as therapeutics target for EGFR-positive colorectal cancer therapy: exploring the effects of the nanobody on SW480 cells using proteomics approach. Proteome Sci 2022; 20:9. [PMID: 35578244 PMCID: PMC9109347 DOI: 10.1186/s12953-022-00190-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) overexpression is found in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Targeted molecular therapies such as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) are becoming more precise, targeting specifically for cancer therapeutics. However, there are adverse effects of currently available anti-EGFR drugs, including drug-resistant and side effects. Nanobodies can overcome these limitations. Our previous study has found that cell-penetrable nanobodies targeted at EGFR-tyrosine kinase were significantly reduced EGFR-positive lung cancer cells viability and proliferation. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of cell-penetrable nanobody (R9VH36) on cell viability and proteomic profile in EGFR-positive human colorectal cancer cell lines. Methods The human colorectal carcinoma cell line (SW480) was treated with R9VH36, compared with gefitinib. Cell viability was monitored using the MTT cell viability assay. The proteomic profiling was analyzed by LC–MS/MS . Results The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values determined for R9VH36 and gefitinib against SW480 were 527 ± 0.03 nM and 13.31 ± 0.02 μM, respectively. Moreover, both the gefitinib-treated group and nanobody-treated group had completely different proteome profiles. A total 6626 differentially expressed proteins were identified. PCA analysis revealed different proteome profiling in R9VH36 experiment. There were 8 proteins in R9VH36 that significantly exhibited opposite expression directions when compared to gefitinib. These proteins are involved in DNA-damage checkpoint processes. Conclusion The proteomics explored those 6,626 proteins had different expressions between R9VH36 and gefitinib. There were 8 proteins in R9VH36 exhibited opposite expression direction when comparing to gefitinib. Our findings suggest that R9VH36 has the potential to be an alternative remedy for treating EGFR-positive colon cancer. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12953-022-00190-6.
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12
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O Aboelez M, Belal A, Xiang G, Ma X. Design, synthesis, and molecular docking studies of novel pomalidomide-based PROTACs as potential anti-cancer agents targeting EGFR WT and EGFR T790M. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2022; 37:1196-1211. [PMID: 35470756 PMCID: PMC9067978 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2062338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A new class of EGFR PROTACs based on pomalidomide was developed, synthesised, and tested for their cytotoxic activity against a panel of human cancer cells. Compounds 15–21 were showed to be more effective against the four tested cell lines than erlotinib. In particular, compound 16 was found to be the most potent counterpart as it was 5.55, 4.34, 5.04, and 7.18 times more active than erlotinib against MCF-7, HepG-2, HCT-116, and A549 cells, respectively. Compound 15 was revealed to be more active than doxorubicin against the four tested cell lines. Furthermore, the most potent cytotoxic compounds were studied further for their kinase inhibitory effects against EGFRWT and EGFRT790M using HTRF test. Compound 16 showed to be the most effective against both kinds of EGFR, with IC50 values of 0.10 and 4.02 µM, respectively. Compound 16 could effectively degrade EGFR protein through ubiquitination (Dmax = 96%) at 72 h in the tested cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moustafa O Aboelez
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Amany Belal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Guangya Xiang
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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13
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Medicina de precisión en cáncer colorrectal y gastroesofágico avanzado. REVISTA MÉDICA CLÍNICA LAS CONDES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmclc.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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14
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Rezaei M, Danilova ND, Soltani M, Savvateeva LV, V Tarasov V, Ganjalikhani-Hakemi M, V Bazhinf A, A Zamyatnin A. Cancer Vaccine in Cold Tumors: Clinical Landscape, Challenges, and Opportunities. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2022; 22:437-453. [PMID: 35156572 DOI: 10.2174/1568009622666220214103533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The idea of cancer immunotherapy is to stimulate the immune system to fight tumors without destroying normal cells. One of the anticancer therapy methods, among many, is based on the use of cancer vaccines that contain tumor antigens in order to induce immune responses against tumors. However, clinical trials have shown that the use of such vaccines as a monotherapy is ineffective in many cases, since they do not cause a strong immune response. Particular tumors are resistant to immunotherapy due to the absence or insufficient infiltration of tumors with CD8+ T cells, and hence, they are called cold or non-inflamed tumors. Cold tumors are characterized by a lack of CD8+ T cell infiltration, the presence of anti-inflammatory myeloid cells, tumor-associated M2 macrophages, and regulatory T cells. It is very important to understand which stage of the antitumor response does not work properly in order to use the right strategy for the treatment of patients. Applying other therapeutic methods alongside cancer vaccines can be more rational for cold tumors which do not provoke the immune system strongly. Herein, we indicate some combinational therapies that have been used or are in progress for cold tumor treatment alongside vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Rezaei
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Mozhdeh Soltani
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Lyudmila V Savvateeva
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vadim V Tarasov
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mazdak Ganjalikhani-Hakemi
- Acquired Immunodeficiency Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Alexandr V Bazhinf
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrey A Zamyatnin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biotechnology, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK
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15
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Sabbah DA, Hajjo R, Sweidan K. Review on Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Structure, Signaling Pathways, Interactions, and Recent Updates of EGFR Inhibitors. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 20:815-834. [PMID: 32124699 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200303123102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) belongs to the ERBB family of tyrosine kinase receptors. EGFR signaling cascade is a key regulator in cell proliferation, differentiation, division, survival, and cancer development. In this review, the EGFR structure and its mutations, signaling pathway, ligand binding and EGFR dimerization, EGF/EGFR interaction, and the progress in the development of EGFR inhibitors have been explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dima A Sabbah
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, P.O. Box 130, Amman 11733, Jordan
| | - Rima Hajjo
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, P.O. Box 130, Amman 11733, Jordan
| | - Kamal Sweidan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
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16
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Zhang G, Cao Y, Zhang J, Zhao Z, Zhang W, Zhou J. Epidermal growth factor receptor mutations in lung adenocarcinoma: associations between dual-energy spectral CT measurements and histologic results. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2020; 147:1169-1178. [PMID: 32980961 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-020-03402-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the relationship between dual-energy spectral CT and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation status in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. METHODS The quantitative parameters of spectral CT were analyzed in 208 patients with lung adenocarcinoma. The quantitative parameters including CT40keV and CT70keV values, effective atomic number (Zeff), iodine concentration (IC), water concentration (WC), and the slope of the spectral curve (λ HU) were calculated. Statistical analysis was used to determine the clinical characteristics and quantitative parameters for the diagnosis of EGFR-mutation status. The ROC curves were used to calculate diagnostic efficiency. RESULTS Sex (p = 0.027) and smoking history (p = 0.019) differed significantly according to the EGFR-mutation status. Spectral CT quantitative parameters (CT40keV and CT70keV values, λ HU, Zeff and IC) differed significantly between the EGFR mutant and the EGFR wild-type groups (p < 0.05) during the arterial phase (AP) and venous phase (VP). However, WC was not statistically different between the two groups (p > 0.05). ROC curve analysis revealed the combination of the significantly different quantitative parameters provided the best diagnostic performance for determining the EGFR-mutation status (AUC: 76.0%) in the AP, while the AUC during the VP was 75.6%. CONCLUSION The quantitative parameters of dual-energy spectral CT have potential value for identifying the EGFR-mutation status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojin Zhang
- Second Clinical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China.,Department of Radiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Chengguan District, Cuiyingmen No.82, Lanzhou, 730030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuntai Cao
- Second Clinical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China.,Department of Radiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Chengguan District, Cuiyingmen No.82, Lanzhou, 730030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Second Clinical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhao
- Second Clinical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- Second Clinical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Junlin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China. .,Department of Radiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Chengguan District, Cuiyingmen No.82, Lanzhou, 730030, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Romano R, Bucci C. Role of EGFR in the Nervous System. Cells 2020; 9:E1887. [PMID: 32806510 PMCID: PMC7464966 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is the first discovered member of the receptor tyrosine kinase superfamily and plays a fundamental role during embryogenesis and in adult tissues, being involved in growth, differentiation, maintenance and repair of various tissues and organs. The role of EGFR in the regulation of tissue development and homeostasis has been thoroughly investigated and it has also been demonstrated that EGFR is a driver of tumorigenesis. In the nervous system, other growth factors, and thus other receptors, are important for growth, differentiation and repair of the tissue, namely neurotrophins and neurotrophins receptors. For this reason, for a long time, the role of EGFR in the nervous system has been underestimated and poorly investigated. However, EGFR is expressed both in the central and peripheral nervous systems and it has been demonstrated to have specific important neurotrophic functions, in particular in the central nervous system. This review discusses the role of EGFR in regulating differentiation and functions of neurons and neuroglia. Furthermore, its involvement in regeneration after injury and in the onset of neurodegenerative diseases is examined.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cecilia Bucci
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
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18
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Jarrett AM, Bloom MJ, Godfrey W, Syed AK, Ekrut DA, Ehrlich LI, Yankeelov TE, Sorace AG. Mathematical modelling of trastuzumab-induced immune response in an in vivo murine model of HER2+ breast cancer. MATHEMATICAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY-A JOURNAL OF THE IMA 2020; 36:381-410. [PMID: 30239754 DOI: 10.1093/imammb/dqy014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study is to develop an integrated, mathematical-experimental approach for understanding the interactions between the immune system and the effects of trastuzumab on breast cancer that overexpresses the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2+). A system of coupled, ordinary differential equations was constructed to describe the temporal changes in tumour growth, along with intratumoural changes in the immune response, vascularity, necrosis and hypoxia. The mathematical model is calibrated with serially acquired experimental data of tumour volume, vascularity, necrosis and hypoxia obtained from either imaging or histology from a murine model of HER2+ breast cancer. Sensitivity analysis shows that model components are sensitive for 12 of 13 parameters, but accounting for uncertainty in the parameter values, model simulations still agree with the experimental data. Given theinitial conditions, the mathematical model predicts an increase in the immune infiltrates over time in the treated animals. Immunofluorescent staining results are presented that validate this prediction by showing an increased co-staining of CD11c and F4/80 (proteins expressed by dendritic cells and/or macrophages) in the total tissue for the treated tumours compared to the controls ($p < 0.03$). We posit that the proposed mathematical-experimental approach can be used to elucidate driving interactions between the trastuzumab-induced responses in the tumour and the immune system that drive the stabilization of vasculature while simultaneously decreasing tumour growth-conclusions revealed by the mathematical model that were not deducible from the experimental data alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Jarrett
- Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA.,Livestrong Cancer Institutes, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Meghan J Bloom
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Wesley Godfrey
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Anum K Syed
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
| | - David A Ekrut
- Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Lauren I Ehrlich
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA.,Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA.,Livestrong Cancer Institutes, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Thomas E Yankeelov
- Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA.,Department of Diagnostic Medicine, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA.,Livestrong Cancer Institutes, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Anna G Sorace
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA.,Department of Diagnostic Medicine, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA.,Department of Oncology, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA.,Livestrong Cancer Institutes, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
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19
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Habib AM, Nagi K, Thillaiappan NB, Sukumaran V, Akhtar S. Vitamin D and Its Potential Interplay With Pain Signaling Pathways. Front Immunol 2020; 11:820. [PMID: 32547536 PMCID: PMC7270292 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
About 50 million of the U.S. adult population suffer from chronic pain. It is a complex disease in its own right for which currently available analgesics have been deemed woefully inadequate since ~20% of the sufferers derive no benefit. Vitamin D, known for its role in calcium homeostasis and bone metabolism, is thought to be of clinical benefit in treating chronic pain without the side-effects of currently available analgesics. A strong correlation between hypovitaminosis D and incidence of bone pain is known. However, the potential underlying mechanisms by which vitamin D might exert its analgesic effects are poorly understood. In this review, we discuss pathways involved in pain sensing and processing primarily at the level of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and the potential interplay between vitamin D, its receptor (VDR) and known specific pain signaling pathways including nerve growth factor (NGF), glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and opioid receptors. We also discuss how vitamin D/VDR might influence immune cells and pain sensitization as well as review the increasingly important topic of vitamin D toxicity. Further in vitro and in vivo experimental studies will be required to study these potential interactions specifically in pain models. Such studies could highlight the potential usefulness of vitamin D either alone or in combination with existing analgesics to better treat chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Saghir Akhtar
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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20
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Han S, Park S, An J, Yang JY, Chung JW, Kim YJ, Kim KO, Park DK, Kwon KA, Lee WK, Nam S, Kim JH. HER2 as a potential biomarker of lymph node metastasis in undifferentiated early gastric cancer. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5270. [PMID: 32210254 PMCID: PMC7093413 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61567-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is implicated in several cancers, including gastric cancer. However, limited data are available regarding its clinical significance in early gastric cancer (EGC). We evaluated the clinical significance of HER2 overexpression in patients with EGC. We retrospectively reviewed 727 patients who underwent surgical treatment for EGC between October 2010 and August 2017. HER2 expression was analysed in 680 EGC cases by immunohistochemistry and classified as negative (0 and 1+), equivocal (2+), or positive [overexpression (3+)]. Among patients with differentiated EGC, the number of patients with HER2 overexpression was not significantly different from that of HER2-negative patients in terms of age, sex, tumour size, location, gross type, depth of invasion, presence of lymphovascular invasion (LVI), and presence of lymph node metastasis (LNM). However, in patients with undifferentiated EGC, HER2 overexpression was significantly correlated with LVI and presence of LNM compared with HER2-negative patients. Multivariate analysis indicated HER2 overexpression as a good predictive marker of LNM in patients with undifferentiated EGC. HER2 expression is associated with LNM in undifferentiated EGC. Therefore, the importance of HER2 overexpression in EGC should not be overlooked, and further studies are needed to identify its clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghoon Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
| | - Sungjin Park
- College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.,Gachon Institute of Genome Medicine and Science, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungsuk An
- Department of Pathology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Young Yang
- Department of Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Won Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Jae Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Oh Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Kyun Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang An Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Woon Kee Lee
- Department of Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungyoon Nam
- College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea. .,Gachon Institute of Genome Medicine and Science, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Life Sciences, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea. .,Gachon Advanced Institute of Health Sciences & Technology, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jung Ho Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea. .,Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
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21
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T-cell Activating Tribodies as a Novel Approach for Efficient Killing of ErbB2-positive Cancer Cells. J Immunother 2020; 42:1-10. [PMID: 30520849 DOI: 10.1097/cji.0000000000000248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The Tyrosine Kinase Receptor ErbB2 (HER2) when overexpressed in breast cancer (BC) is associated with poor prognosis. The monoclonal antibody Trastuzumab has become a standard treatment of ErbB2+BC. The antibody treatment has limited efficacy, often meets resistance and induces cardiotoxicity. T-cell recruiting bispecific antibody derivatives (TRBA) offer a more effective alternative to standard antibody therapy. We evaluated a panel of TRBAs targeting 3 different epitopes on the ErbB2 receptor either in a bivalent targeting tribody structure or as a monovalent scFv-fusion (BiTE format) for binding, cytotoxicity on Trastuzumab-resistant cell lines, and induction of cardiotoxicity. All three TRBAs bind with high affinity to the ErbB2 extracellular domain and a large panel of ErbB2-positive tumor cells. Tribodies had an increased in vitro cytotoxic potency as compared to BiTEs. It is interesting to note that, Tribodies targeting the epitopes on ErbB2 receptor domains I and II bind and activate lysis of mammary and gastric tumor cells more efficiently than a Tribody targeting the Trastuzumab epitope on domain IV. The first 2 are also active on Trastuzumab-resistant cancer cells lacking or masking the epitope recognized by Trastuzumab. None of the Tribodies studied showed significant toxicity on human cardiomyocytes. Altogether these results make these novel anti-ErbB2 bispecific Tribodies candidates for therapeutic development for treating ErbB2-positive Trastuzumab-resistant cancer patients.
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22
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Multivalent HER2-binding polymer conjugates facilitate rapid endocytosis and enhance intracellular drug delivery. J Control Release 2019; 319:285-299. [PMID: 31899273 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Incorporating targeting moieties that recognize cancer-specific cellular markers can enhance specificity of anticancer nanomedicines. The HER2 receptor is overexpressed on numerous cancers, making it an attractive target. However, unlike many receptors that trigger endocytosis upon ligand binding, HER2 is an internalization-resistant receptor. As most chemotherapeutics act on intracellular targets, this presents a significant challenge for exploiting HER2 overexpression for improved tumor killing. However, hyper-crosslinking of HER2 has been shown to override the receptor's native behavior and trigger internalization. This research co-opts this crosslinking-mediated internalization for efficient intracellular delivery of an anticancer nanomedicine - specifically a HPMA copolymer-based drug delivery system. This polymeric carrier was conjugated with a small (7 kDa) HER2-binding affibody peptide to produce a panel of polymer-affibody conjugates with valences from 2 to 10 peptides per polymer chain. The effect of valence on surface binding and uptake was evaluated separately. All conjugates demonstrated similar (nanomolar) binding affinity towards HER2-positive ovarian carcinoma cells, but higher-valence conjugates induced more rapid endocytosis, with over 90% of the surface-bound conjugate internalized within 4 h. Furthermore, this enhancement was sensitive to crowding - high surface loading reduced conjugates' ability to crosslink receptors. Collectively, this evidence strongly supports a crosslinking-mediated endocytosis mechanism. Lead candidates from this panel achieved high intracellular delivery even at picomolar treatment concentrations; untargeted HPMA copolymers required 1000-fold higher treatment concentrations to achieve similar levels of intracellular accumulation. This increased intracellular delivery also translated to a more potent nanomedicine against HER2-positive cells; incorporation of the chemotherapeutic paclitaxel into this targeted carrier enhanced cytotoxicity over untargeted polymer-drug conjugate.
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23
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Preclinical safety profile of disitamab vedotin:a novel anti-HER2 antibody conjugated with MMAE. Toxicol Lett 2019; 324:30-37. [PMID: 31877330 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The HER2 pathway plays a pivotal role in cell proliferation and differentiation, while the receptor overexpression caused by amplification of HER2 gene is associated with the growth of several tumors. Previously published clinical trials have demonstrated that antibody-conjugated drugs (ADCs) remarkably improved clinical effects compared with antibodies alone for the same target. In order to provide more effective drugs, we developed Disitamab vedotin based on ADC. The antibody part was a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting HER2, the small molecule toxin was monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE), a synthetic antineoplastic agent. A protease cleavable linker covalently attached MMAE to the antibody. In this study, we characterized the toxicity profile of Disitamab vedotin through single- and repeat-dose toxicity studies in monkeys. The toxicities of small molecules and naked antibody (Disitamab) were also assessed in these studies. Monkeys were well tolerated with Disitamab vedotin at doses of 6 mg/kg, while equivalent MMAEs resulted in severe myelosuppression. This finding proves that ADCs improve the therapeutic effect. In addition, the safety profiles of Disitamab vedotin and MMAE were similar and consistent with the activation mechanism of MMAE. Toxicology finding included bone marrow/hematology toxicity and lymphoid organ toxicity, while no significant toxicity was observed in animals treated with naked antibody. These side effects were found to be consistent with data acquired from clinical phase I/II patients treated with Disitamab vedotin.
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Sundar R, Tan IBH, Chee CE. Negative Predictive Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer: PRESSING Ahead. J Clin Oncol 2019; 37:3066-3068. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.19.01977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Raghav Sundar
- National University Health System, Singapore
- Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore
- National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Iain Bee Huat Tan
- Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore
- National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cheng E. Chee
- National University Health System, Singapore
- National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Giordano A, Tommonaro G. Curcumin and Cancer. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102376. [PMID: 31590362 PMCID: PMC6835707 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 501] [Impact Index Per Article: 100.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcumin, a polyphenol extracted from Curcuma longa in 1815, has gained attention from scientists worldwide for its biological activities (e.g., antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiviral), among which its anticancer potential has been the most described and still remains under investigation. The present review focuses on the cell signaling pathways involved in cancer development and proliferation, and which are targeted by curcumin. Curcumin has been reported to modulate growth factors, enzymes, transcription factors, kinase, inflammatory cytokines, and proapoptotic (by upregulation) and antiapoptotic (by downregulation) proteins. This polyphenol compound, alone or combined with other agents, could represent an effective drug for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Giordano
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine and Center of Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, BioLife Science Bldg, Suite 431-1900 N 12th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.
| | - Giuseppina Tommonaro
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, Via Campi Flegrei, 34-80078 Pozzuoli, Italy.
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Jarrett AM, Shah A, Bloom MJ, McKenna MT, Hormuth DA, Yankeelov TE, Sorace AG. Experimentally-driven mathematical modeling to improve combination targeted and cytotoxic therapy for HER2+ breast cancer. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12830. [PMID: 31492947 PMCID: PMC6731321 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49073-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study is to experimentally and computationally investigate combination trastuzumab-paclitaxel therapies and identify potential synergistic effects due to sequencing of the therapies with in vitro imaging and mathematical modeling. Longitudinal alterations in cell confluence are reported for an in vitro model of BT474 HER2+ breast cancer cells following various dosages and timings of paclitaxel and trastuzumab combination regimens. Results of combination drug regimens are evaluated for drug interaction relationships based on order, timing, and quantity of dose of the drugs. Altering the order of treatments, with the same total therapeutic dose, provided significant changes in overall cell confluence (p < 0.001). Two mathematical models are introduced that are constrained by the in vitro data to simulate the tumor cell response to the individual therapies. A collective model merging the two individual drug response models was designed to investigate the potential mechanisms of synergy for paclitaxel-trastuzumab combinations. This collective model shows increased synergy for regimens where trastuzumab is administered prior to paclitaxel and suggests trastuzumab accelerates the cytotoxic effects of paclitaxel. The synergy derived from the model is found to be in agreement with the combination index, where both indicate a spectrum of additive and synergistic interactions between the two drugs dependent on their dose order. The combined in vitro results and development of a mathematical model of drug synergy has potential to evaluate and improve standard-of-care combination therapies in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Jarrett
- Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
- Livestrong Cancer Institutes, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Alay Shah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Meghan J Bloom
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Matthew T McKenna
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, 37232, USA
| | - David A Hormuth
- Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
- Livestrong Cancer Institutes, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Thomas E Yankeelov
- Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA.
- Livestrong Cancer Institutes, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA.
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA.
- Department of Oncology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA.
| | - Anna G Sorace
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35209, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35209, USA.
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35209, USA.
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Meister KS, Godse NR, Khan NI, Hedberg ML, Kemp C, Kulkarni S, Alvarado D, LaVallee T, Kim S, Grandis JR, Duvvuri U. HER3 targeting potentiates growth suppressive effects of the PI3K inhibitor BYL719 in pre-clinical models of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9130. [PMID: 31235758 PMCID: PMC6591241 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45589-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BYL719 is a PI3K inhibitor that has demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. BYL719 exerts its therapeutic effect by suppressing AKT and other proliferative signaling mechanisms. Despite PI3K inhibition and AKT suppression, residual activity of protein S6, a core marker of proliferative activation, has been observed. HER3, either via dimerization or activation by its ligand neurgeulin (NRG), is known to activate PI3K. Thus, we hypothesized that co-targeting HER3 and PI3K would lead to greater suppression of the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway and greater tumor suppression than with BYL719 alone. We investigated biochemical expression and activation of the HER3-PI3K-AKT-S6 pathway in HNSCC cell lines and patient-derived xenografts (PDXs). Antitumor effects of HER3 and PI3K inhibitors alone and in combination were evaluated in cell culture and murine models. Treatment of HNSCC cell lines with BYL719 significantly reduced AKT activation and suppressed tumor growth. However, S6 was persistently activated despite suppression of AKT. Combination treatment with KTN3379, a monoclonal antibody targeted against HER3, and BYL719 led to enhanced suppression of in vitro and in vivo cancer growth and durable suppression of AKT and S6. Therefore, inhibition of HER3 with KTN3379 enhanced the effects of PI3K inhibition in pre-clinical HNSCC models. These data support co-targeting HER3 and PI3K for the treatment of HSNCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara S Meister
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Eye and Ear Institute, Suite 500, 200 Lothrop St., Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Neal R Godse
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Eye and Ear Institute, Suite 500, 200 Lothrop St., Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Nayel I Khan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Eye and Ear Institute, Suite 500, 200 Lothrop St., Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Matthew L Hedberg
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Eye and Ear Institute, Suite 500, 200 Lothrop St., Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Carolyn Kemp
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Eye and Ear Institute, Suite 500, 200 Lothrop St., Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Sucheta Kulkarni
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Eye and Ear Institute, Suite 500, 200 Lothrop St., Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | | | | | - Seungwon Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Eye and Ear Institute, Suite 500, 200 Lothrop St., Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Jennifer R Grandis
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Umamaheswar Duvvuri
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Eye and Ear Institute, Suite 500, 200 Lothrop St., Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
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Wang Z, Zhang J, Wang X, Wei D. High level expression and characterization of the recombinant immunotoxin DAB389-4D5 scFv targeting HER2/neu-positive ovarian carcinoma cells. Process Biochem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2019.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Therapeutic Efficiency of an External Chinese Herbal Formula of Mammary Precancerous Lesions by BATMAN-TCM Online Bioinformatics Analysis Tool and Experimental Validation. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:2795010. [PMID: 30906412 PMCID: PMC6398062 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2795010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Ruyan Neixiao Cream (RYNXC), a patented Chinese herbal formula, was reported to have the effect of treating mammary precancerous disease. In this study, we predicted the potential targets, pathways, and diseases of the ingredients contained in each herbal of RYNXC and constructed an ingredients-targets-diseases network. Then, we analyzed molecular mechanisms of this Chinese herbal formula by MCF-10AT cells and model rats of breast precancerous lesions. BATMAN-TCM prediction showed that ESR1, PGR, PTGS2, EGFR, and Src were mRNA targets of RYNXC. Our results suggested that RYNXC transdermal fluid downregulated ESR1, PGR, PTGS2, EGFR, and Src expression at gene and protein level in MCF-10AT cells. In the rat breast precancerous lesions model, high and low dose RYNXC could also significantly reduce genes and proteins expression of ESR1, PGR, PTGS2, EGFR, and Src. Taken together these data indicate that RYNXC targets multiple molecules responsible for breast precancerous lesion and is an effective Chinese herbal formula. So RYNXC may be a promising external drug for breast precancerous lesions.
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Gurdal H, Tuglu M, Bostanabad S, Dalkili� B. Partial agonistic effect of cetuximab on epidermal growth factor receptor and Src kinase activation in triple‑negative breast cancer cell lines. Int J Oncol 2019; 54:1345-1356. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Gurdal
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ankara, 06100�Ankara, Turkey
| | - Matilda Tuglu
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ankara, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Saber Bostanabad
- Biotechnology Institute of Ankara University, 06110 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Başak Dalkili�
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ankara, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
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Seo J, Han SY, Seong D, Han HJ, Song J. Multifaceted C-terminus of HSP70-interacting protein regulates tumorigenesis via protein quality control. Arch Pharm Res 2019; 42:63-75. [PMID: 30600426 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-018-1101-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
C-terminus of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70)-interacting protein (CHIP) is an E3 ligase involved in a variety of protein homeostasis events implicated in diverse signaling pathways. Its involvement in varied and even opposite signaling circuits might be due to its hallmark signature of associating with molecular chaperones, including HSP90 and HSP70. Together, these proteins may be pivotal in implementing protein quality control. A curious and puzzling aspect of the function of CHIP is its capability to induce protein degradation via the proteasome- or lysosome-dependent pathways. In addition, these pathways are combined with ubiquitin-dependent or -independent pathways. This review focuses on the role of CHIP in the development or suppression of tumorigenesis. CHIP can act as a tumor suppressor by downregulating various oncogenes. CHIP also displays an oncogenic feature involving the inhibition of diverse tumor suppressors, including proteins related to intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways. The ability of CHIP to exhibit dual roles in determining the fate of cells has not been studied analytically. However, its association with various proteins involved in protein quality control might play a major role. In this review, the mechanistic roles of CHIP in tumor formation based on the regulation of diverse proteins are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinho Seo
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Su Yeon Han
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Daehyeon Seong
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Hyun-Ji Han
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Jaewhan Song
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea.
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Shah S, Akhtar MS, Hassan M, Akhtar M, Paudel YN, Najmi AK. EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibition decreases cardiac remodeling and SERCA2a/NCX1 depletion in streptozotocin induced cardiomyopathy in C57/BL6 mice. Life Sci 2018; 210:29-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Labianca R, La Verde N, Garassino M. Development and Clinical Indications of Cetuximab. Int J Biol Markers 2018; 22:40-46. [DOI: 10.1177/17246008070221s405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cetuximab is a chimeric immunoglobulin G1 monoclonal antibody that targets the extracellular domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) with high specificity and affinity. It competitively inhibits endogenous ligand binding and thereby inhibits subsequent EGFR activation. The EGFR signaling pathways regulate cell differentiation, proliferation, migration, angiogenesis and apoptosis, all of which become deregulated in cancer cells. EGFR is an important target for cancer therapy and many studies have demonstrated that cetuximab is active in several types of cancer, particularly colorectal and head and neck cancer. Cetuximab enhances the effects of many standard cytotoxic agents, including irinotecan, and in combination with chemotherapy it can elicit antitumor responses in tumors that previously failed to respond to that chemotherapy. Cetuximab also enhances radiation-induced apoptosis. On the basis of a pivotal European randomized study (the BOND study) and of 2 clinical studies conducted in the USA, cetuximab has been approved in combination with irinotecan for patients affected by EGFR-expressing metastatic colon cancer after failure with irinotecan. There have only been a few small phase II trials on first-line treatment in metastatic colorectal cancer, but the results suggest promising activity of cetuximab together with irinotecan or oxaliplatin. There is some evidence that additive efficacy can be achieved using EGFR inhibitors in combination with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibitors such as bevacizumab. A correlation between response and the main toxicity (acne-like skin reaction) has been observed but is unclear. EGFR status as a specific marker for EGFR inhibitors is controversial. At the moment, EGFR expression does not appear to be a predictive factor for response to EGFR inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Labianca
- Oncology Department, Ospedali Riuniti, Bergamo
| | - N. La Verde
- Oncology Department, Ospedale Fatebenefratelli e Oftalmico, Milan - Italy
| | - M.C. Garassino
- Oncology Department, Ospedale Fatebenefratelli e Oftalmico, Milan - Italy
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Shin HK, Kim MS, Lee JK, Lee SS, Ji YH, Kim JI, Jeong JH. Combination Effect of Cetuximab with Radiation in Colorectal Cancer Cells. TUMORI JOURNAL 2018; 96:713-20. [DOI: 10.1177/030089161009600513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Aims and background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the commonest malignant disorders and frequently associated with high expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), resulting in advanced disease and a poor prognosis. In this study, we investigated the radiosensitizing effects of the selective EGFR inhibitor cetuximab in human CRC cell lines. Methods Four human CRC cell lines, CaCo-2, HCT-8, LoVo, and WiDr, were treated with cetuximab and/or radiation. The effects on cell proliferation and viability were measured by MTT and annexin-V staining, and clonogenic survival assay. The in vivo effect on the growth of CRC xenografts was assessed in athymic nude mice. Results Cetuximab in combination with radiation significantly inhibited the in vitro proliferation of CRC cells, with a concomitant increase in cell death, except in WiDr cells. Clonogenic survival assay confirmed that cetuximab worked as a radiosensitizer in three cetuximab-sensitivie CRC cells. However, no correlations were found between the radiosensitivity and EGFR expression level or mutation status of EGFR signaling molecules. In nude mice bearing CRC cell xenografts, cetuximab plus radiation significantly inhibited the tumor growth over either agent alone. Interestingly, the WiDr xenograft was also sensitive to cetuximab and/or radiation in vivo, suggesting host-mediated effects of cetuximab. Conclusions Cetuximab enhanced the radiosensitivity of CRC cells in vitro and efficiently inhibited xenograft tumor growth. This study provided a rationale for the clinical application of the selective EGFR inhibitor cetuximab in combination with radiation in CRC. Free full text available at www.tumorionline.it
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mi-Sook Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul
| | - Jin Kyung Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul
| | - Seung-Sook Lee
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul
| | | | - Jong-Il Kim
- Department of Food and Microbial Technology, Seoul Women's University, Seoul, Korea
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García I, del Casar JM, Corte MD, Allende MT, García-Muñiz JL, Vizoso F. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and c-erbB-2 Contents in Unresectable (UICC R1 or R2) Gastric Cancer. Int J Biol Markers 2018; 18:200-6. [PMID: 14535591 DOI: 10.1177/172460080301800308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and c-erbB-2 are membrane receptors expressed in a variety of solid human cancers and directly correlated with poor prognosis. The objective of this work was to evaluate the EGFR and c-erbB-2 levels in non-resectable gastric carcinomas, their possible relationship with a variety of clinicopathological tumor parameters, and their prognostic significance. Methods This was a prospective analysis of 65 patients with unresectable gastric carcinomas (UICC R1 or R2), who underwent palliative surgery and were followed up for a median period of 13 months. Membranous EGFR levels were examined by radioligand binding assays and cytosolic c-erbB-2 levels by means of an immunoenzymatic assay. Results There was a wide variability in EGFR (80.3-2910 fmol/mg of protein) and c-erbB-2 (0.4-10071 NHU/mg of protein) levels in neoplastic tissues from patients with unresectable gastric carcinomas. Median c-erbB2 was significantly higher in tumors of the intestinal type than in tumors of the diffuse type (p=0.035) and in R2 than in R1 tumors (p=0.016). Statistical analysis showed that there was no relationship between tumor c-erbB-2 or EGFR content and any other patient or tumor characteristics. However, high levels of EGFR were significantly associated with a shorter overall survival (p=0.01). Conclusion Our data suggest a role of both transmembrane proteins in the progression of gastric cancer. EGFR and c-erbB-2 contents in unresectable gastric cancer could be utilized as appropriate biological markers for selecting candidates for treatment based on EGFR and/or c-erbB-2 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- I García
- Servicio de Cirugía General, Hospital Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
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Simon GR, Ruckdeschel JC, Williams C, Cantor A, Chiappori A, Rocha Lima CM, Antonia S, Haura E, Wagner H, Robinson L, Sommers E, Alberts M, Bepler G. Gefitinib (ZD1839) in Previously Treated Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Experience from a Single Institution. Cancer Control 2017; 10:388-95. [PMID: 14581894 DOI: 10.1177/107327480301000506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We conducted an analysis of gefitinib in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to assess the antitumor efficacy of this epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor. METHODS Our single-center, prospective landmark analysis included 183 patients with advanced NSCLC who received 250 mg of gefitinib orally once daily in an expanded-use program at our institution. Thirty-three of the 183 patients were previously untreated. The patients included in this analysis had all received at least 12 weeks of gefitinib. RESULTS The objective tumor response rate was 3.8%, but an additional 53.5% of patients experienced clinically meaningful disease stabilization. Median progression-free survival time was 3.6 months, and median overall survival time was 8.8 months. The 1-year survival rate for the entire cohort was 35%. Predictors of longer survival included female gender, adenocarcinoma or bronchoalveolar carcinoma histology, and an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0 or 1. Adverse events were generally mild (grade 1 or 2) and consisted mainly of skin reactions and diarrhea. CONCLUSIONS In this single-center experience, gefitinib demonstrated clinically significant antitumor activity and provided good palliation in a predominantly pretreated group of patients. Our results, which are likely to be reproducible in a community setting, demonstrated a 1-year survival rate of 35% in a cohort of patients who were able to take the drug for at least 12 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- George R Simon
- Thoracic Oncology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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Sex-specific incidence of EGFR mutation and its association with age and obesity in lung adenocarcinomas: a retrospective analysis. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2017; 143:2283-2290. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-017-2473-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Yavas S, Macháň R, Wohland T. The Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Forms Location-Dependent Complexes in Resting Cells. Biophys J 2017; 111:2241-2254. [PMID: 27851946 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2016.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a prototypical receptor tyrosine kinase involved in cell growth and proliferation and associated with various cancers. It is commonly assumed that after activation by binding of epidermal growth factor to the extracellular domain it dimerizes, followed by autophosphorylation of tyrosine residues at the intracellular domain. However, its oligomerization state before activation is controversial. In the absence of ligands, EGFR has been found in various, inconsistent amounts of monomeric, inactive dimeric, and oligomeric forms. In addition, evidence suggests that the active conformation is not a simple dimer but contains higher oligomers. As experiments in the past have been conducted at different conditions, we investigate here the influence of cell lines (HEK293, COS-7, and CHO-K1), temperature (room temperature and 37°C), and membrane localization on the quantitation of preformed dimers using SW-FCCS, DC-FCCS, quasi PIE-FCCS, and imaging FCCS. While measurement modality, temperature, and localization on upper or lower membranes have only a limited influence on the dimerization amount observed, the cell line and location to periphery versus center of the cell can change dimerization results significantly. The observed dimerization amount is strongly dependent on the expression level of endogenous EGFR in a cell line and shows a strong cell-to-cell variability even within the same cell line. In addition, using imaging FCCS, we find that dimers have a tendency to be found at the periphery of cells compared to central positions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibel Yavas
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Radek Macháň
- Department of Biological Sciences and Centre for BioImaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thorsten Wohland
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences and Centre for BioImaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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Sabahnoo H, Noaparast Z, Abedi SM, Hosseinimehr SJ. New small 99mTc-labeled peptides for HER2 receptor imaging. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 127:1012-1024. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Abstract
Recent studies across multiple tumour types are starting to reveal a recurrent regulatory architecture in which genomic alterations cluster upstream of functional master regulator (MR) proteins, the aberrant activity of which is both necessary and sufficient to maintain tumour cell state. These proteins form small, hyperconnected and autoregulated modules (termed tumour checkpoints) that are increasingly emerging as optimal biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Crucially, as their activity is mostly dysregulated in a post-translational manner, rather than by mutations in their corresponding genes or by differential expression, the identification of MR proteins by conventional methods is challenging. In this Opinion article, we discuss novel methods for the systematic analysis of MR proteins and of the modular regulatory architecture they implement, including their use as a valuable reductionist framework to study the genetic heterogeneity of human disease and to drive key translational applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Califano
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, and the Departments of Biomedical Informatics, Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, JP Sulzberger Columbia Genome Center, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Mariano J Alvarez
- DarwinHealth, Inc., 3960 Broadway, Suite 540, New York, New York 10032, USA
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Dokala A, Thakur SS. Extracellular region of epidermal growth factor receptor: a potential target for anti-EGFR drug discovery. Oncogene 2016; 36:2337-2344. [PMID: 27775071 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a transmembrane receptor with tyrosine kinase activity involved in regulation of cellular multiplication, survival, differentiation and metastasis. Our knowledge about function and complex management of these receptors has driving the development of specific and targeted treatment modalities for human cancers in the last 20 years. EGFR is the first receptor target against which monoclonal antibodies (mAb) have been evolved for cancer treatment. Here we review the biology of ErbB receptors, including their architecture, signaling, regulation and therapeutic strategies and the mechanisms of resistances offered by the receptors against small-molecule tyrosine kinases and resistance overcome implications of mAbs. The efficacy of EGFR-specific mAb in cancer depends on site specific extracellular region of EGFR, which has crucial role in process of dimerization and activation. This review highlights evolution of various resistance mechanisms due to consequences of current small-molecule anti-EGFR therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dokala
- Proteomics and Cell Signaling, CSIR- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CSIR-CCMB), Hyderabad, India
| | - S S Thakur
- Proteomics and Cell Signaling, CSIR- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CSIR-CCMB), Hyderabad, India
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42
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Adega F, Borges A, Chaves R. Cat Mammary Tumors: Genetic Models for the Human Counterpart. Vet Sci 2016; 3:vetsci3030017. [PMID: 29056725 PMCID: PMC5606576 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci3030017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Revised: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The records are not clear, but Man has been sheltering the cat inside his home for over 12,000 years. The close proximity of this companion animal, however, goes beyond sharing the same roof; it extends to the great similarity found at the cellular and molecular levels. Researchers have found a striking resemblance between subtypes of feline mammary tumors and their human counterparts that goes from the genes to the pathways involved in cancer initiation and progression. Spontaneous cat mammary pre-invasive intraepithelial lesions (hyperplasias and neoplasias) and malignant lesions seem to share a wide repertoire of molecular features with their human counterparts. In the present review, we tried to compile all the genetics aspects published (i.e., chromosomal alterations, critical cancer genes and their expression) regarding cat mammary tumors, which support the cat as a valuable alternative in vitro cell and animal model (i.e., cat mammary cell lines and the spontaneous tumors, respectively), but also to present a critical point of view of some of the issues that really need to be investigated in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filomena Adega
- Laboratory of Cytogenomics and Animal Genomics (CAG), Department of Genetics and Biotechnology (DGB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real 5001-801, Portugal.
- Faculty of Sciences, BioISI-Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, University of Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa 1749-016, Portugal.
| | - Ana Borges
- Laboratory of Cytogenomics and Animal Genomics (CAG), Department of Genetics and Biotechnology (DGB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real 5001-801, Portugal.
- Faculty of Sciences, BioISI-Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, University of Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa 1749-016, Portugal.
| | - Raquel Chaves
- Laboratory of Cytogenomics and Animal Genomics (CAG), Department of Genetics and Biotechnology (DGB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real 5001-801, Portugal.
- Faculty of Sciences, BioISI-Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, University of Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa 1749-016, Portugal.
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Rysman B, Mouawad F, Gros A, Lansiaux A, Chevalier D, Meignan S. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 3 in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Head Neck 2016; 38 Suppl 1:E2412-8. [PMID: 26835877 DOI: 10.1002/hed.24367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 3 (HER3) is a member of the human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) family. The main characteristic of HER3 is that it does not possess tyrosine kinase activity, unlike other HERs. The role of HER3 in tumorigenesis has now been recognized, particularly in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs). Despite conflicting studies, HER3 was found to be overexpressed in HNSCC samples, and correlates with disease progression and poor survival, especially when it is coexpressed with other HERs. HER3 is a significant factor in HNSCC treatment resistance. Indeed, HER3 is a major mechanism described for cetuximab resistance because of modification of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) internalization and by phosphotidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling pathway activation. HER3 also affects resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and thereby promotes treatment escape and radiotherapy resistance by activation of the survival signaling pathway. To counteract this, pharmacologic inhibitors of HER3 are currently in development and could significantly improve HNSCC treatment. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E2412-E2418, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bénédicte Rysman
- ENT and Head and Neck Surgery Department, Huriez Hospital, University of Lille, Lille, France.,Tumorigenesis and Resistance to Treatment Unit, Centre Oscar Lambret, Inserm U908, IRCL, Lille, France
| | - François Mouawad
- ENT and Head and Neck Surgery Department, Huriez Hospital, University of Lille, Lille, France.,Tumorigenesis and Resistance to Treatment Unit, Centre Oscar Lambret, Inserm U908, IRCL, Lille, France
| | - Abigaëlle Gros
- Tumorigenesis and Resistance to Treatment Unit, Centre Oscar Lambret, Inserm U908, IRCL, Lille, France
| | - Amélie Lansiaux
- Tumorigenesis and Resistance to Treatment Unit, Centre Oscar Lambret, Inserm U908, IRCL, Lille, France
| | - Dominique Chevalier
- ENT and Head and Neck Surgery Department, Huriez Hospital, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Samuel Meignan
- Tumorigenesis and Resistance to Treatment Unit, Centre Oscar Lambret, Inserm U908, IRCL, Lille, France
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44
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Gunzer K, Joly F, Ferrero JM, Gligorov J, de Mont-Serrat H, Uttenreuther-Fischer M, Pelling K, Wind S, Bousquet G, Misset JL. A phase II study of afatinib, an irreversible ErbB family blocker, added to letrozole in patients with estrogen receptor-positive hormone-refractory metastatic breast cancer progressing on letrozole. SPRINGERPLUS 2016; 5:45. [PMID: 26835225 PMCID: PMC4718910 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-015-1601-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Phase II, open-label study assessing the efficacy and safety of the ErbB family blocker afatinib combined with letrozole in estrogen receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients who had progressed on letrozole monotherapy. Adult females (N = 28) received oral afatinib (50 [n = 7], 40 [n = 13] or 30 [n = 8] mg/day) plus letrozole 2.5 mg/day in 28-day cycles until disease progression. Primary endpoint was the progression-free rate at or after 16 weeks of afatinib. At 16 weeks, four patients remained on afatinib without progression; two of these were HER2 negative. Fifteen (54 %) patients had a best response of stable disease according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors. Median progression-free survival was 60, 107 and 79 days with 50, 40 and 30 mg/day afatinib, respectively. Diarrhea, asthenia, rash, mucosal inflammation and nausea were the most frequent adverse events. In this small, exploratory study, afatinib combined with letrozole was able to induce disease stabilization in 54 % of hormone-refractory MBC patients previously progressing on letrozole. Clinical trial registration: NCT00708214
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Gunzer
- Oncologue-Service de Recherche Clinique, Centre François Baclesse, Avenue Général Harris, 14076 Caen Cedex 05, France
| | - Florence Joly
- Oncologue-Service de Recherche Clinique, Centre François Baclesse, Avenue Général Harris, 14076 Caen Cedex 05, France ; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Côte de Nacre, Caen, France
| | | | - Joseph Gligorov
- APHP, HUEP-Tenon Hospital, Paris, France ; Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie, UPMC, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Sven Wind
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH and Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
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Sorace AG, Quarles CC, Whisenant JG, Hanker AB, McIntyre JO, Sanchez VM, Yankeelov TE. Trastuzumab improves tumor perfusion and vascular delivery of cytotoxic therapy in a murine model of HER2+ breast cancer: preliminary results. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2016; 155:273-84. [PMID: 26791520 PMCID: PMC4833210 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-016-3680-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
To employ in vivo imaging and histological techniques to identify and quantify vascular changes early in the course of treatment with trastuzumab in a murine model of HER2+ breast cancer. Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) was used to quantitatively characterize vessel perfusion/permeability (via the parameter K (trans) ) and the extravascular extracellular volume fraction (v e ) in the BT474 mouse model of HER2+ breast cancer (N = 20) at baseline, day one, and day four following trastuzumab treatment (10 mg/kg). Additional cohorts of mice were used to quantify proliferation (Ki67), microvessel density (CD31), pericyte coverage (α-SMA) by immunohistochemistry (N = 44), and to quantify human VEGF-A expression (N = 29) throughout the course of therapy. Longitudinal assessment of combination doxorubicin ± trastuzumab (N = 42) tested the hypothesis that prior treatment with trastuzumab will increase the efficacy of subsequent doxorubicin therapy. Compared to control tumors, trastuzumab-treated tumors exhibited a significant increase in K (trans) (P = 0.035) on day four, indicating increased perfusion and/or vessel permeability and a simultaneous significant increase in v e (P = 0.01), indicating increased cell death. Immunohistochemical and ELISA analyses revealed that by day four the trastuzumab-treated tumors had a significant increase in vessel maturation index (i.e., the ratio of α-SMA to CD31 staining) compared to controls (P < 0.001) and a significant decrease in VEGF-A (P = 0.03). Additionally, trastuzumab dosing prior to doxorubicin improved the overall effectiveness of the therapies (P < 0.001). This study identifies and validates improved perfusion characteristics following trastuzumab therapy, resulting in an improvement in trastuzumab-doxorubicin combination therapy in a murine model of HER2+ breast cancer. This data suggests properties of vessel maturation. In particular, the use of DCE-MRI, a clinically available imaging method, following treatment with trastuzumab may provide an opportunity to optimize the scheduling and improve delivery of subsequent cytotoxic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna G. Sorace
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA,Vanderbilt Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, AA-1105 Medical Center North, 1161 21st Ave South, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, USA
| | - C. Chad Quarles
- Division of Neuroimaging Research, Barrow Neurological Institute, Dignity Health, St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Jennifer G. Whisenant
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA,Vanderbilt Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, AA-1105 Medical Center North, 1161 21st Ave South, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, USA
| | - Ariella B. Hanker
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - J. Oliver McIntyre
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA,Vanderbilt Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, AA-1105 Medical Center North, 1161 21st Ave South, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, USA,Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Violeta M. Sanchez
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Thomas E. Yankeelov
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA,Vanderbilt Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, AA-1105 Medical Center North, 1161 21st Ave South, Nashville, TN 37232-2310, USA,Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA,Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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46
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Sanz-Garcia E, Grasselli J, Argiles G, Elez ME, Tabernero J. Current and advancing treatments for metastatic colorectal cancer. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2015; 16:93-110. [PMID: 26549053 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2016.1108405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer deaths worldwide. Despite the introduction of several new drugs targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor or epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathways, survival and disease control in metastatic CRC remains poor. AREAS COVERED Chemotherapy based on fluoropyrimidines and irinotecan or oxaliplatin has been the cornerstone of CRC standard of care for several decades. Optimal regimens are selected according to toxicity profiles and patient characteristics. The addition of targeted drugs inhibiting angiogenesis, notably bevacizumab, aflibercept and ramucirumab, has improved chemotherapy outcomes in metastatic CRC. Anti-EGFR agents, cetuximab and panitumumab, in combination with chemotherapy have also improved survival in patients with wild-type RAS tumors. In the refractory setting, there are emerging drugs such as regorafenib or TAS-102 that also have demonstrated impact on outcomes. EXPERT OPINION Drugs targeting signaling pathways involved in tumorigenesis improve patient outcomes over chemotherapy alone. Determining the most suitable combination and sequence should be carefully selected, with studies yet to provide a definitive solution to this unknown. Molecular mechanisms of colorectal cancer are at the forefront of research. Knowledge in this domain will help overcome resistance to therapies and introduce new drugs in the personalized CRC therapeutic scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Sanz-Garcia
- a Department of Medical Oncology , Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , 08035 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Julieta Grasselli
- b Department of Medical Oncology , Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology , 08035 Barcelona , Spain
- c Department of Medical Oncology , Instituto Català de Oncologia , 08907 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Guillem Argiles
- a Department of Medical Oncology , Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , 08035 Barcelona , Spain
- b Department of Medical Oncology , Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology , 08035 Barcelona , Spain
| | - M Elena Elez
- a Department of Medical Oncology , Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , 08035 Barcelona , Spain
- b Department of Medical Oncology , Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology , 08035 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Josep Tabernero
- a Department of Medical Oncology , Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , 08035 Barcelona , Spain
- b Department of Medical Oncology , Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology , 08035 Barcelona , Spain
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47
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Advani PP, Crozier JA, Perez EA. HER2 testing and its predictive utility in anti-HER2 breast cancer therapy. Biomark Med 2015; 9:35-49. [PMID: 25605454 DOI: 10.2217/bmm.14.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer treatment is dependent on accurate pathologic diagnosis. HER2 testing is now universally recommended as part of evaluation of invasive breast cancer. HER2 testing is available via various slide and non-slide based assays, and interpretation of results continues to evolve. Herein we review these testing modalities and their incorporation into the 2013 ASCO/CAP guidelines. Once accurate HER2 status has been established the proper treatment based on recent clinical trials can be instituted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja P Advani
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road S., Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
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48
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Discovery of a series of novel phenylpiperazine derivatives as EGFR TK inhibitors. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13934. [PMID: 26349898 PMCID: PMC4563558 DOI: 10.1038/srep13934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is an important drug target that plays a fundamental role in signal transduction pathways in oncology. We report herein the discovery of a novel class of phenylpiperazine derivatives with improved potency toward EGFR. The biological activity of compound 3p as inhibitor of EGFR was further investigated both in vitro and in vivo. Notably, compound 3p exhibited an IC50 in the nanomolar range in A549 cell cultures and induced a cessation of tumor growth with no toxicity, as determined by loss of body weight and death of treated mice. Compoutational docking studies also showed that compound 3p has interaction with EGFR key residues in the active site.
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49
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Huijsmans CJJ, van den Brule AJC, Rigter H, Poodt J, van der Linden JC, Savelkoul PHM, Hilbink M, Hermans MHA. Allelic imbalance at the HER2/TOP2A locus in breast cancer. Diagn Pathol 2015; 10:56. [PMID: 26022247 PMCID: PMC4448206 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-015-0289-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease with various histological features and molecular markers. These are utilized for the prediction of clinical outcome and therapeutic decision making. In addition to well established markers such as HER2 overexpression and estrogen and progesterone receptor (ER and PR) status, chromosomal instability is evolving as an important hallmark of cancers. The HER2/TOP2A locus is of great importance in breast cancer. The copy number variability at this locus has been proposed to be a marker for the degree of chromosomal instability. We therefore developed a Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) assay to evaluate allelic imbalance at the HER2/TOP2A locus in three different entities of primary breast tumors. METHODS Eleven SNPs were carefully selected and detected by real time PCR using DNA extracted from paired (histologically normal and tumor) paraffin-embedded tissues. Primary breast tumors of 44 patients were included, 15 tumors with HER2 overexpression, 16 triple negative tumors, defined by the absence of HER2 overexpression and a negative ER and PR status and 13 ER and PR positive tumors without HER2 overexpression. As controls, histologically normal breast tissues from 10 patients with no breast tumor were included. RESULTS Allelic imbalance was observed in 13/15 (87 %) HER2 positive tumors, the remaining 2 being inconclusive. Of the 16 triple negative tumors, 12 (75 %) displayed instability, 3 (19 %) displayed no instability, and 1 was inconclusive. Of the 13 hormone receptor positive tumors, 5 (38 %) displayed allelic imbalance, while 8 did not. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the SNP assay is suitable for rapid testing of allelic (im)balance at the HER2/TOP2A locus using paraffin-embedded tissues. Based on allelic imbalance at this locus, both triple negative and ER and PR positive breast tumors can be subcategorized. The clinical relevance of the allelic (im)balance status at the HER2/TOP2A locus in breast cancer is subject of future study. VIRTUAL SLIDES The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/2086062232155220.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelis J J Huijsmans
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Jeroen Bosch Hospital, PO Box 90153, 5200 ME, 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands.
| | - Adriaan J C van den Brule
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Jeroen Bosch Hospital, PO Box 90153, 5200 ME, 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands.
| | - Henny Rigter
- Laboratory of Pathology, Jeroen Bosch Hospital, PO Box 90153, 5223 GZ, 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands.
| | - Jeroen Poodt
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Jeroen Bosch Hospital, PO Box 90153, 5200 ME, 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands.
| | - Johannes C van der Linden
- Laboratory of Pathology, Jeroen Bosch Hospital, PO Box 90153, 5223 GZ, 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands.
| | - Paul H M Savelkoul
- Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department Medical Microbiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO box 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Mirrian Hilbink
- Jeroen Bosch Academy, Jeroen Bosch Hospital, PO Box 90153, 5223 GZ, 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands.
| | - Mirjam H A Hermans
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Jeroen Bosch Hospital, PO Box 90153, 5200 ME, 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands.
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50
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Aggarwal S, Sinha D, Tiwari AK, Pooja P, Kaul A, Singh G, Mishra AK. Studies for development of novel quinazolinones: new biomarker for EGFR. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 143:309-318. [PMID: 25766241 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.01.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The binding capabilities of a series of novel quinazolinone molecules were established and stated in a comprehensive computational methodology as well as by in vitro analysis. The main focus of this work was to achieve more insight of the interactions with crystal structure of PDB ID: 1M17 and predict their binding mode to EGFR. Three molecules were screened for further examination, which were synthesized and characterized using spectroscopic techniques. The persuasive affinity of these molecules towards EGFR inhibition (IC50 for QT=45nM) was established and validated from specific kinase assay including the cell viability spectrophotometric assay (QT=12nM). Drug likeliness property were also considered by analysing, the ADME of these molecules by using scintigraphic techniques. The result showed antitumour activity of QT (4.17 tumour/muscle at 4h). Further photo physical properties were also analysed to see in vitro HSA binding to QT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Aggarwal
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brig. S.K. Mazumdar Road, Delhi 110054, India; Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Deepa Sinha
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brig. S.K. Mazumdar Road, Delhi 110054, India; Department of Applied Sciences, HMRITM (Affiliated to GGSIP University), Delhi 110036, India
| | - Anjani Kumar Tiwari
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brig. S.K. Mazumdar Road, Delhi 110054, India.
| | - Pooja Pooja
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brig. S.K. Mazumdar Road, Delhi 110054, India; Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Ankur Kaul
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brig. S.K. Mazumdar Road, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Gurmeet Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Anil Kumar Mishra
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brig. S.K. Mazumdar Road, Delhi 110054, India.
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