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Natsume N, Yonezawa T, Woo JT, Teruya T. Effect of pinocembrin isolated from Alpinia zerumbet on osteoblast differentiation. Cytotechnology 2020; 73:10.1007/s10616-020-00427-2. [PMID: 33029744 PMCID: PMC8166995 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-020-00427-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone mass is regulated by osteoblast-mediated bone formation and osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. Osteoporosis is a bone metabolism disorder in which bone mass decreases due to increased bone resorption rather than bone formation. We focused on the traditional plant Alpinia zerumbet in Okinawa, Japan, and searched for promising compounds for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Pinocembrin isolated from the leaves of A. zerumbet showed enhanced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and mineralization and increased mRNA expression of osteoblast-related genes Alp and Osteocalcin (Ocn) in MC3T3-E1 cells. Pinocembrin increased the mRNA expression of Runx2 and Osterix, which are important transcription factors in osteoblast differentiation, and the mRNA expression of Dlx5 and Msx2, which are enhancers of these transcription factors. The bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) antagonist noggin, its receptor kinase inhibitor LDN-193189 and p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 attenuated pinocembrin-promoted ALP activity. Pinocembrin increased the mRNA of Bmp-2 and its target gene Id1. In addition, the estrogen receptor (ER) inhibitor ICI182780 suppressed pinocembrin-stimulated ALP activity. Pinocembrin may increase BMP-2 expression via ER. Then, the BMP-2 promotes osteoblast specific genes expression and mineralization through both Smad-dependent and independent pathway following Runx2 and Osterix induction. Our findings suggest that pinocembrin has bone anabolic effects and may be useful for the prevention and treatment of bone metabolic diseases such as osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Natsume
- Graduate School of Engineering and Science, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0213, Japan
| | - Takayuki Yonezawa
- Research Institute for Biological Functions, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto, Kasugai, Aichi, 487-8501, Japan.
| | - Je-Tae Woo
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto, Kasugai, Aichi, 487-8501, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Teruya
- Graduate School of Engineering and Science, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0213, Japan
- Faculty of Education, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0213, Japan
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Kim M, Kang JH, Oh GH, Park MH. Ishige sinicola extract stimulates osteoblast proliferation and differentiation via the bone morphogenetic protein 2/runt-related gene 2 signalling pathway. Z NATURFORSCH C 2019; 74:167-174. [PMID: 31085751 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2018-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is one of the most common bone diseases, occurring due to an imbalance between bone formation and bone resorption. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Ishige sinicola, a brown alga, on osteoblast differentiation through the activation of the bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2)/runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) signalling pathway in MC3T3-E1 cells. A cell proliferation assay, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay, alizarin red staining, and expression analysis of osteoblastic genes were carried out to assess MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation. We found that I. sinicola extract (ISE) increased cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. Ishige sinicola extract markedly promoted ALP activity and mineralization. Alizarin red S staining demonstrated that ISE treatment tended to increase extracellular matrix calcium accumulation. Moreover, ISE up-regulated the osteoprotegerin/receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand ratio. Ishige sinicola extract also increased the protein expression levels of type 1 collagen, ALP, osteocalcin, osterix, BMP-2, and Runx2. Therefore, ISE showed potential in stimulating osteoblastic bone formation, and it might be useful for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihyang Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Medical and Life Science, Silla University, Busan 46958, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hyeon Kang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Medical and Life Science, Silla University, Busan 46958, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun Hye Oh
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Medical and Life Science, Silla University, Busan 46958, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Hwa Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Medical and Life Science, Silla University, Busan 46958, Republic of Korea, Phone: +82-51-999-5908, Fax: +82-51-999-5457
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Hendrijantini N, Kusumaningsih T, Rostiny R, Mulawardhana P, Danudiningrat CP, Rantam FA. A potential therapy of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells for bone regeneration on osteoporotic mandibular bone. Eur J Dent 2018; 12:358-362. [PMID: 30147399 PMCID: PMC6089061 DOI: 10.4103/ejd.ejd_342_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to prove that human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (hUCMSC) therapy on mandibular osteoporotic model is able to increase transforming growth factor-beta-1 (TGF)-β1 expression, Runx2, and osteoblasts. MATERIALS AND METHODS This research is true experimental posttest control group design. Thirty female Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups randomly, which consisted of sham surgery for control (T1), ovariectomy as osteoporotic group (T2), osteoporotic group injected with gelatine for 4 weeks (T3), 8 weeks (T4) injected with hUCMSC-gelatine for 4 weeks (T5) and 8 weeks (T6). All mice were presented for immunohistochemistry examination for TGF-β1, Runx2, and histology for osteoblasts. RESULTS The lowest level of osteoblast was osteoporotic group injected with gelatine in 4 weeks compared to other groups. There were increases of TGF-β1, Runx2, and osteoblasts from osteoporotic group compared to osteoporotic post-hUCMSC-gelatine injection group. CONCLUSION The hUCMSC has a high osteogenic effect and increases the osteoporotic mandibular bone regeneration on the animal model that is showed by the increase of the level of TGF-β1, Runx2, and osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nike Hendrijantini
- Department of Prosthodontic, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Tuti Kusumaningsih
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Rostiny Rostiny
- Department of Prosthodontic, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Pungky Mulawardhana
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Coen Pramono Danudiningrat
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Fedik Abdul Rantam
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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Jung JI, Park KY, Lee Y, Park M, Kim J. Vitamin C-linker-conjugated tripeptide AHK stimulates BMP-2-induced osteogenic differentiation of mouse myoblast C2C12 cells. Differentiation 2018; 101:1-7. [PMID: 29567599 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin C-linker-conjugated Ala-His-Lys tripeptide (Vit C-AHK) is a derivative of Vitamin C-conjugated tripeptides, which were originally developed as a component of a product for collagen synthesis enhancement or human dermal fibroblast growth. Here, we investigated the effect of Vit C-AHK on bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2-induced osteoblast differentiation in a cell culture model. Vit C-AHK enhanced proliferation of C2C12 cells and induction of BMP-2-induced alkaline phosphatase, a typical marker of osteoblast differentiation. Vit C-AHK also stimulated the phosphorylation and translocation of Smad1/5/8 to the nucleus and phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) including ERK1/2 and p38. In addition, Vit C-AHK enhanced the BMP-2-induced mRNA expression of osteoblast differentiation-related genes such as ALP, BMP-2, Osteocalcin, and Runx2. Our results suggest that Vit C-AHK exerts an enhancing effect on osteoblast proliferation and differentiation through activation of Smad1/5/8 and MAPK ERK1/2 and p38 signaling and without significant cytotoxicity. These results provide important data for the development of peptide-based bone-regenerative agents and treatment of bone-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Il Jung
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon 34824, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyeong-Yong Park
- Department of Integrated Material's Development, CHA Meditech Co., Ltd, Daejeon 34025, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yura Lee
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mira Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon 34824, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jiyeon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon 34824, Republic of Korea.
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Al Mamun MA, Hosen MJ, Khatun A, Alam MM, Al-Bari MAA. Tridax procumbens flavonoids: a prospective bioactive compound increased osteoblast differentiation and trabecular bone formation. Biol Res 2017; 50:28. [PMID: 28886722 PMCID: PMC5591510 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-017-0134-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Tridax procumbens extracts (TPE) are known for their ethno-medicinal properties to increase osteogenic functioning in mesenchymal stem cells. Recently, we found that the T. procumbens flavonoids (TPF) significantly suppressed the RANKL-induced osteoclasts differentiation and bone resorption. The TPF also promoted osteoblasts differentiation and bone formation demonstrated by increasing bone formation markers in cultured mouse primary osteoblasts. However, the effects of the TPF on in vivo bone formation remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of the TPF on in vivo bone formation, injected the TPF (20 mg/kg) twice a day in the low calcium diet mice and killed them after 21 day. Radiographic and histomorphometric analyses were performed on the dissected bones to determine the anabolic effects of the TPF. Results Bone mineral density and bone mineral content of the TPF-treated mice were significantly increased compared to the control mice. Bone formation-related indices like osteoblast number, osteoblast surface, bone volume, mineralizing surface, mineral apposition rate and bone formation rate were significantly increased in the TPF-treated mice compared to the control mice. Conclusion Our findings point towards the stimulation of bone formation by TPF, suggested that the TPF could be a potential natural anabolic agent to treat patients with bone loss-associated diseases such as osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abdullah Al Mamun
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, 3114, Bangladesh.
| | - Mohammad Jakir Hosen
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Amina Khatun
- Department of Anthropology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, 3114, Bangladesh
| | - M Masihul Alam
- Department of Applied Nutrition and Food Technology, Islami University, Kustia, 7003, Bangladesh
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Lee Y, Bae KJ, Chon HJ, Kim SH, Kim SA, Kim J. A Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor, Dovitinib (TKI-258), Enhances BMP-2-Induced Osteoblast Differentiation In Vitro. Mol Cells 2016; 39:389-94. [PMID: 27025387 PMCID: PMC4870186 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2016.2300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dovitinib (TKI258) is a small molecule multi-kinase inhibitor currently in clinical phase I/II/III development for the treatment of various types of cancers. This drug has a safe and effective pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic profile. Although dovitinib can bind several kinases at nanomolar concentrations, there are no reports relating to osteoporosis or osteoblast differentiation. Herein, we investigated the effect of dovitinib on human recombinant bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2-induced osteoblast differentiation in a cell culture model. Dovitinib enhanced the BMP-2-induced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) induction, which is a representative marker of osteoblast differentiation. Dovitinib also stimulated the translocation of phosphorylated Smad1/5/8 into the nucleus and phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases, including ERK1/2 and p38. In addition, the mRNA expression of BMP-4, BMP-7, ALP, and OCN increased with dovitinib treatment. Our results suggest that dovitinib has a potent stimulating effect on BMP-2-induced osteoblast differentiation and this existing drug has potential for repositioning in the treatment of bone-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yura Lee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon 34824,
Korea
| | - Kyoung Jun Bae
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon 34824,
Korea
| | - Hae Jung Chon
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon 34824,
Korea
| | - Seong Hwan Kim
- Laboratory of Translational Therapeutics, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Eulji University, Daejeon 34824,
Korea
| | - Soon Ae Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon 34824,
Korea
| | - Jiyeon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon 34824,
Korea
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Al Mamun MA, Hosen MJ, Islam K, Khatun A, Alam MM, Al-Bari MAA. Tridax procumbens flavonoids promote osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. Biol Res 2015; 48:65. [PMID: 26581452 PMCID: PMC4652438 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-015-0056-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tridax procumbens flavonoids (TPFs) are well known for their medicinal properties among local natives. Besides traditionally used for dropsy, anemia, arthritis, gout, asthma, ulcer, piles, and urinary problems, it is also used in treating gastric problems, body pain, and rheumatic pains of joints. TPFs have been reported to increase osteogenic functioning in mesenchymal stem cells. Our previous study showed that TPFs were significantly suppressed the RANKL-induced differentiation of osteoclasts and bone resorption. However, the effects of TPFs to promote osteoblasts differentiation and bone formation remain unclear. TPFs were isolated from Tridax procumbens and investigated for their effects on osteoblasts differentiation and bone formation by using primary mouse calvarial osteoblasts. RESULTS TPFs promoted osteoblast differentiation in a dose-dependent manner demonstrated by up-regulation of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin. TPFs also upregulated osteoblast differentiation related genes, including osteocalcin, osterix, and Runx2 in primary osteoblasts. TPFs treated primary osteoblast cells showed significant upregulation of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) including Bmp-2, Bmp-4, and Bmp-7. Addition of noggin, a BMP specific-antagonist, inhibited TPFs induced upregulation of the osteocalcin, osterix, and Runx2. CONCLUSION Our findings point towards the induction of osteoblast differentiation by TPFs and suggested that TPFs could be a potential anabolic agent to treat patients with bone loss-associated diseases such as osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abdullah Al Mamun
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, 3114, Bangladesh.
| | - Mohammad Jakir Hosen
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, 3114, Bangladesh.
| | - Kamrul Islam
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, 3114, Bangladesh.
| | - Amina Khatun
- Department of Anthropology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, 3114, Bangladesh.
| | - M Masihul Alam
- Department of Applied Nutrition and Food Technology, Islami University, Kustia, 7003, Bangladesh.
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Sánchez-Duffhues G, Hiepen C, Knaus P, Ten Dijke P. Bone morphogenetic protein signaling in bone homeostasis. Bone 2015; 80:43-59. [PMID: 26051467 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are cytokines belonging to the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily. They play multiple functions during development and tissue homeostasis, including regulation of the bone homeostasis. The BMP signaling pathway consists in a well-orchestrated manner of ligands, membrane receptors, co-receptors and intracellular mediators, that regulate the expression of genes controlling the normal functioning of the bone tissues. Interestingly, BMP signaling perturbation is associated to a variety of low and high bone mass diseases, including osteoporosis, bone fracture disorders and heterotopic ossification. Consistent with these findings, in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that BMPs have potent effects on the activity of cells regulating bone function, suggesting that manipulation of the BMP signaling pathway may be employed as a therapeutic approach to treat bone diseases. Here we review the recent advances on BMP signaling and bone homeostasis, and how this knowledge may be used towards improved diagnosis and development of novel treatment modalities. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Muscle Bone Interactions".
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Sánchez-Duffhues
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Hiepen
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Berlin Brandenburg School of Regenerative Therapies (BSRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Petra Knaus
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Berlin Brandenburg School of Regenerative Therapies (BSRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Peter Ten Dijke
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands.
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Xue ST, Guo HF, Liu MJ, Jin J, Ju DH, Liu ZY, Li ZR. Synthesis of a novel class of substituted benzothiophene or benzofuran derivatives as BMP-2 up-regulators and evaluation of the BMP-2-up-regulating effects in vitro and the effects on glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in rats. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 96:151-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Hwang JH, Cha PH, Han G, Bach TT, Min DS, Choi KY. Euodia sutchuenensis Dode extract stimulates osteoblast differentiation via Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation. Exp Mol Med 2015; 47:e152. [PMID: 25792220 PMCID: PMC4351407 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2014.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wnt/β-catenin pathway has a role in osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. We screened 100 plant extracts and identified an extract from Euodia sutchuenensis Dode (ESD) leaf and young branch as an effective activator of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. ESD extract increased β-catenin levels and β-catenin nuclear accumulation in murine primary osteoblasts. The ESD extract also increased mRNA levels of osteoblast markers, including RUNX2, BMP2 and COL1A1, and enhanced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in murine primary osteoblasts. Both ESD extract-induced β-catenin increment and ALP activation were abolished by β-catenin knockdown, confirming that the Wnt/β-catenin pathway functions in osteoblast differentiation. ESD extract enhanced terminal osteoblast differentiation as shown by staining with Alizarin Red S and significantly increased murine calvarial bone thickness. This study shows that ESD extract stimulates osteoblast differentiation via the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and enhances murine calvarial bone formation ex vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Ha Hwang
- 1] Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea [2] Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Pu-Hyeon Cha
- 1] Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea [2] Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gyoonhee Han
- 1] Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea [2] Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tran The Bach
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Do Sik Min
- 1] Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea [2] Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, Korea
| | - Kang-Yell Choi
- 1] Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea [2] Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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Quinoline compound KM11073 enhances BMP-2-dependent osteogenic differentiation of C2C12 cells via activation of p38 signaling and exhibits in vivo bone forming activity. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120150. [PMID: 25789987 PMCID: PMC4366212 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein (rhBMP)-2 has been approved by the FDA for clinical application, but its use is limited due to high cost and a supra-physiological dose for therapeutic efficacy. Therefore, recent studies have focused on the generation of new therapeutic small molecules to induce bone formation or potentiate the osteogenic activity of BMP-2. Here, we show that [4-(7-chloroquinolin-4-yl) piperazino][1-phenyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]methanone (KM11073) strongly enhances the BMP-2-stimulated induction of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), an early phase biomarker of osteoblast differentiation, in bi-potential mesenchymal progenitor C2C12 cells. The KM11073-mediated ALP induction was inhibited by the BMP antagonist noggin, suggesting that its osteogenic activity occurs via BMP signaling. In addition, a pharmacological inhibition study suggested the involvement of p38 activation in the osteogenic action of KM11073 accompanied by enhanced expression of BMP-2, -6, and -7 mRNA. Furthermore, the in vivo osteogenic activity of KM11073 was confirmed in zebrafish and mouse calvarial bone formation models, suggesting the possibility of its single use for bone formation. In conclusion, the combination of rhBMP-2 with osteogenic small molecules could reduce the use of expensive rhBMP-2, mitigating the undesirable side effects of its supra-physiological dose for therapeutic efficacy. Moreover, due to their inherent physical properties, small molecules could represent the next generation of regenerative medicine.
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Siddiqi MZ, Siddiqi MH, Kim YJ, Jin Y, Huq MA, Yang DC. Effect of Fermented Red Ginseng Extract Enriched in Ginsenoside Rg3 on the Differentiation and Mineralization of Preosteoblastic MC3T3-E1 Cells. J Med Food 2015; 18:542-8. [PMID: 25764149 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2014.3251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, red ginseng extract (RGE) was converted into high-content minor ginsenosides by fermenting with Bgp1 enzymes at 37°C for 5 days. Compared to the RGE, the minor ginsenoside contents were increased in fermented red ginseng extract (FRGE). Moreover, the amount of minor ginsenosides such as Rh1 (11%) and Rg2 (16%) was slightly augmented, while the level of Rg3 (33%) was significantly increased after bioconversion. Furthermore, we also examined and compared the effect of RGE and FRGE on the differentiation and mineralization of preosteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. Similarly, the level of mRNA expression of intracellular alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, type-1 collagen (Col-I) was also increased. Based on the comparison, it is clear that the FRGE has improved effects on bone formation and differentiation of preosteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zubair Siddiqi
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Ginseng Genetic Resource Bank College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University , Yongin, Korea
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Siddiqi MH, Siddiqi MZ, Ahn S, Kim YJ, Yang DC. Ginsenoside Rh1 induces mouse osteoblast growth and differentiation through the bone morphogenetic protein 2/runt-related gene 2 signalling pathway. J Pharm Pharmacol 2014; 66:1763-73. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
This study aimed to investigate the stimulative and pharmacological effects of ginsenoside Rh1 (hereinafter referred to as: Rh1) on differentiation and mineralization of osteoblast and its possible mechanism of action on the expression of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2)/Runt-related gene 2 (Runx2) signalling pathways using mouse preosteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cell line as in-vitro model.
Methods
An in-vitro stimulative activity of Rh1 was assessed by analyzing alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP), type-I collagen (Coll-I) synthesis, mineralization and glutathione content. Its antioxidant activity was measured by evaluating the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the presence of antimycin A (AMA), one of the mitochondrial dysfunction factors. The level of BMP-2/Runx2 signal-regulated osteoblast-specific proteins such as osteocalcin (OCN), Coll-I and ALP were detected using Western blot analysis.
Key findings
Rh1 was capable to stimulate cell growth, ALP activity, Coll-I synthesis, mineralization and glutathione content in the MC3T3-E1 cells. BMP-2 and Runx2 expression were also increased by Rh1 concentration dependently. Additionally, Rh1 also showed inhibitory action on the level of ROS production enhanced by AMA in MC3T3-E1 cells. Rh1 could increase the expression level of BMP-2/Runx2 signal-regulated osteogenic markers such as ALP, Coll-I and OCN.
Conclusions
Rh1, a protopanaxatriol type's active ingredients of Panax ginseng Meyer, possesses osteoblast differentiation, osteogenic stimulatory and anti-oxidative activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Hanif Siddiqi
- Ginseng Genetic Resource Bank, Graduate School of Biotechnology and College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Giheunggu Yonginsi, Gyeonggido, South Korea
| | - Muhammad Zubair Siddiqi
- Ginseng Genetic Resource Bank, Graduate School of Biotechnology and College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Giheunggu Yonginsi, Gyeonggido, South Korea
| | - Sungeun Ahn
- Ginseng Genetic Resource Bank, Graduate School of Biotechnology and College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Giheunggu Yonginsi, Gyeonggido, South Korea
| | - Yeon-Ju Kim
- Ginseng Genetic Resource Bank, Graduate School of Biotechnology and College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Giheunggu Yonginsi, Gyeonggido, South Korea
| | - Deok Chun Yang
- Ginseng Genetic Resource Bank, Graduate School of Biotechnology and College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Giheunggu Yonginsi, Gyeonggido, South Korea
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Wang X, Schröder HC, Müller WEG. Biocalcite, a multifunctional inorganic polymer: Building block for calcareous sponge spicules and bioseed for the synthesis of calcium phosphate-based bone. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 5:610-621. [PMID: 24991497 PMCID: PMC4077312 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.5.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Calcium carbonate is the material that builds up the spicules of the calcareous sponges. Recent results revealed that the calcium carbonate/biocalcite-based spicular skeleton of these animals is formed through an enzymatic mechanism, such as the skeleton of the siliceous sponges, evolutionarily the oldest animals that consist of biosilica. The enzyme that mediates the calcium carbonate deposition has been identified as a carbonic anhydrase (CA) and has been cloned from the calcareous sponge species Sycon raphanus. Calcium carbonate deposits are also found in vertebrate bones besides the main constituent, calcium phosphate/hydroxyapatite (HA). Evidence has been presented that during the initial phase of HA synthesis poorly crystalline carbonated apatite is deposited. Recent data summarized here indicate that during early bone formation calcium carbonate deposits enzymatically formed by CA, act as potential bioseeds for the precipitation of calcium phosphate mineral onto bone-forming osteoblasts. Two different calcium carbonate phases have been found during CA-driven enzymatic calcium carbonate deposition in in vitro assays: calcite crystals and round-shaped vaterite deposits. The CA provides a new target of potential anabolic agents for treatment of bone diseases; a first CA activator stimulating the CA-driven calcium carbonate deposition has been identified. In addition, the CA-driven calcium carbonate crystal formation can be frozen at the vaterite state in the presence of silintaphin-2, an aspartic acid/glutamic acid-rich sponge-specific protein. The discovery that calcium carbonate crystals act as bioseeds in human bone formation may allow the development of novel biomimetic scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Na-alginate hydrogels, enriched with biosilica, have recently been demonstrated as a suitable matrix to embed bone forming cells for rapid prototyping bioprinting/3D cell printing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Wang
- ERC Advanced Investigator Grant Research Group at Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 6, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Heinz C Schröder
- ERC Advanced Investigator Grant Research Group at Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 6, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Werner E G Müller
- ERC Advanced Investigator Grant Research Group at Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 6, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
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15
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Lo KWH, Ashe KM, Kan HM, Laurencin CT. The role of small molecules in musculoskeletal regeneration. Regen Med 2013; 7:535-49. [PMID: 22817627 DOI: 10.2217/rme.12.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The uses of bone morphogenetic proteins and parathyroid hormone therapeutics are fraught with several fundamental problems, such as cost, protein stability, immunogenicity, contamination and supraphysiological dosage. These downsides may effectively limit their more universal use. Therefore, there is a clear need for alternative forms of biofactors to obviate the drawbacks of protein-based inductive factors for bone repair and regeneration. Our group has studied small molecules with the capacity to regulate osteoblast differentiation and mineralization because their inherent physical properties minimize limitations observed in protein growth factors. For instance, in general, small molecule inducers are usually more stable, highly soluble, nonimmunogenic, more affordable and require lower dosages. Small molecules with the ability to induce osteoblastic differentiation may represent the next generation of bone regenerative medicine. This review describes efforts to develop small molecule-based biofactors for induction, paying specific attention to their novel roles in bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin W-H Lo
- Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
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16
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Balaramnavar VM, Khan IA, Siddiqui JA, Khan MP, Chakravarti B, Sharan K, Swarnkar G, Rastogi N, Siddiqui HH, Mishra DP, Chattopadhyay N, Saxena AK. Identification of Novel 2-((1-(Benzyl(2-hydroxy-2-phenylethyl)amino)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl)carbamoyl)benzoic Acid Analogues as BMP-2 Stimulators. J Med Chem 2012; 55:8248-59. [PMID: 22978808 DOI: 10.1021/jm300985d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - H. H. Siddiqui
- Department of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, India
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17
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Stancoven BW, Lee J, Dixon DR, McPherson JC, Bisch FC, Wikesjö UME, Susin C. Effect of bone morphogenetic protein-2, demineralized bone matrix and systemic parathyroid hormone (1-34) on local bone formation in a rat calvaria critical-size defect model. J Periodontal Res 2012; 48:243-51. [PMID: 22970744 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/28/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM To determine the potential of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) soak-loaded on to an absorbable collagen sponge (ACS) to induce local bone formation compared with the clinical reference demineralized bone matrix (DBM) and to investigate potential additive/synergistic effects of exogenous parathyroid hormone (PTH). METHODS Critical-size (8 mm), through-through calvaria osteotomy defects in 160 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to receive one of eight interventions: rhBMP-2/ACS, DBM, ACS, or serve as controls (empty defects) combined or not with systemic PTH. Ten animals from each group were followed for 4 and 8 wks for radiographic and histometric analysis. Multivariable analysis was used to assess the effect of experimental intervention and healing time on local bone formation. RESULTS In the multivariable analysis, rhBMP-2/ACS exhibited significantly greater histologic bone formation than control (β ± SE: 54.76 ± 5.85, p < 0.001) and ACS (β ± SE: 9.14 ± 3.31, p = 0.007) whereas DBM showed significantly less bone formation than control (β ± SE: -32.32 ± 8.23, p < 0.001). Overall, PTH did not show a significant effect on bone formation (β ± SE: 2.72 ± 6.91, p = 0.70). No significant differences in histological defect closure were observed between 4 and 8 wks for all but the control group without PTH. CONCLUSION rhBMP-2/ACS significantly stimulates local bone formation whereas bone formation appears significantly limited by DBM. Systemic application of PTH provided no discernible additive/synergistic effects on local bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B W Stancoven
- Laboratory for Applied Periodontal & Craniofacial Regeneration (LAPCR), Departments of Periodontics and Oral Biology, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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18
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Mizuhashi K, Kanamoto T, Ito M, Moriishi T, Muranishi Y, Omori Y, Terada K, Komori T, Furukawa T. OBIF, an osteoblast induction factor, plays an essential role in bone formation in association with osteoblastogenesis. Dev Growth Differ 2012; 54:474-80. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-169x.2012.01333.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Kim HJ, Park M, Han YM, Kwon BM, Kim SH. Butamben derivatives enhance BMP-2-stimulated commitment of C2C12 cells into osteoblasts with induction of voltage-gated potassium channel expression. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:7363-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2011] [Revised: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 10/07/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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20
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Faraco-Schwed FN, Mangueira LM, Ribeiro JVA, Antao ADS, Shibli JA. Removal torque analysis of implants in rabbit tibia after topical application of simvastatin gel. J ORAL IMPLANTOL 2011; 40:53-9. [PMID: 22106989 DOI: 10.1563/aaid-joi-d-11-00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of topical application of simvastatin gel (7.5 mg) on the removal torque of titanium implants in the rabbit tibia. A total of 32 surgeries were performed on 16 New Zealand rabbits for the placement of 2 implants in 1 tibia of each rabbit. Only 1 of the surgical defects was injected with 30 mg/mL of simvastatin gel before implant placement. The initial torque was set at 20 N.cm, and removal torque testing was performed 28 and 56 days postoperatively with a Tonishi torque wrench. Surgical defects were divided into 4 groups: group IG-28 (test, 28 days), group IG-56 (test, 56 days), group I-28 (control, 28 days), and group I-56 (control, 56 days). Removal torque values were higher in group IG-56 than in groups IG-28, I-28, and I-56 (P < .05). Groups IG-28, I-28, and I-56 showed similar values (P > .05). Removal torque force increased under the influence of simvastatin, indicating that topical administration of a 7.5-mg dose of simvastatin gel is effective in improving the torque force required to remove implants inserted in the rabbit tibia.
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21
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Yonezawa T, Lee JW, Akazawa H, Inagaki M, Cha BY, Nagai K, Yagasaki K, Akihisa T, Woo JT. Osteogenic activity of diphenyl ether-type cyclic diarylheptanoids derived from Acer nikoense. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:3248-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Revised: 04/05/2011] [Accepted: 04/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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22
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Yonezawa T, Lee JW, Hibino A, Asai M, Hojo H, Cha BY, Teruya T, Nagai K, Chung UI, Yagasaki K, Woo JT. Harmine promotes osteoblast differentiation through bone morphogenetic protein signaling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 409:260-5. [PMID: 21570953 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2011] [Accepted: 05/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Bone mass is regulated by osteoblast-mediated bone formation and osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. We previously reported that harmine, a β-carboline alkaloid, inhibits osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we investigated the effects of harmine on osteoblast proliferation, differentiation and mineralization. Harmine promoted alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in MC3T3-E1 cells without affecting their proliferation. Harmine also increased the mRNA expressions of the osteoblast marker genes ALP and Osteocalcin. Furthermore, the mineralization of MC3T3-E1 cells was enhanced by treatment with harmine. Harmine also induced osteoblast differentiation in primary calvarial osteoblasts and mesenchymal stem cell line C3H10T1/2 cells. Structure-activity relationship studies using harmine-related β-carboline alkaloids revealed that the C3-C4 double bond and 7-hydroxy or 7-methoxy group of harmine were important for its osteogenic activity. The bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) antagonist noggin and its receptor kinase inhibitors dorsomorphin and LDN-193189 attenuated harmine-promoted ALP activity. In addition, harmine increased the mRNA expressions of Bmp-2, Bmp-4, Bmp-6, Bmp-7 and its target gene Id1. Harmine also enhanced the mRNA expressions of Runx2 and Osterix, which are key transcription factors in osteoblast differentiation. Furthermore, BMP-responsive and Runx2-responsive reporters were activated by harmine treatment. Taken together, these results indicate that harmine enhances osteoblast differentiation probably by inducing the expressions of BMPs and activating BMP and Runx2 pathways. Our findings suggest that harmine has bone anabolic effects and may be useful for the treatment of bone-decreasing diseases and bone regeneration as a lead compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Yonezawa
- Department of Nutriproteomics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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Kihara T, Ichikawa S, Yonezawa T, Lee JW, Akihisa T, Woo JT, Michi Y, Amagasa T, Yamaguchi A. Acerogenin A, a natural compound isolated from Acer nikoense Maxim, stimulates osteoblast differentiation through bone morphogenetic protein action. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 406:211-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2011] [Accepted: 02/02/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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24
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Lee SU, Choi YH, Kim YS, Park SJ, Kwak HB, Min YK, Kim HN, Lim KE, Choi JY, Rhee M, Kim SH. Physcion-8-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside enhances the commitment of mouse mesenchymal progenitors into osteoblasts and their differentiation: Possible involvement of signaling pathways to activate BMP gene expression. J Cell Biochem 2010; 109:1148-57. [PMID: 20108254 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Here, we show the involvement of signaling pathways to induce the gene expression of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) in the osteogenic activity of physcion-8-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (physcion-Glu); it stimulated osteoblast differentiation in mouse osteoblast MC3T3-E1 subclone 4 cells and induced BMP-2 gene expression and activation of Akt and ERK/MAP kinases. Physcion-Glu-induced BMP-2 expression and mineralization were attenuated by LY294002, an inhibitor of PI3K that lies upstream of Akt and MAP kinases, suggesting that physcion-Glu induces osteoblast differentiation via PI3K-Akt/MAP kinase signaling pathways, which play important roles in inducing BMP-2 gene expression. Physcion-Glu also enhanced BMP-2-induced commitment of mouse bi-potential mesenchymal precursor C2C12 cells into osteoblasts while inducing the transcription of several osteogenic BMP isoforms, such as BMP-2, -4, -7, and -9. Osteogenic synergy between BMP-2 and physcion-Glu was supported by the fact that noggin inhibited BMP-2 and physcion-Glu-induced alkaline phosphatase expression and activity. Considering that physcion-Glu induced Runx2 activity and the nuclear translocation of p-Smad, physcion-Glu could act by enhancing the BMP signaling pathway that induces Smad activation and translocation to activate Runx2. In conclusion, physcion-Glu could enhance the commitment of mesenchymal progenitors into osteoblasts and their differentiation by activating signaling pathways to induce BMP gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Ui Lee
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 305-600, Korea
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25
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Kim HJ, Kim SH. Tanshinone IIA enhances BMP-2-stimulated commitment of C2C12 cells into osteoblasts via p38 activation. Amino Acids 2010; 39:1217-26. [PMID: 20300786 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-010-0557-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2010] [Accepted: 03/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrate a stimulatory effect of tanshinone IIA isolated from the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza on the commitment of bi-potential mesenchymal precursor C2C12 cells into osteoblasts in the presence of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2. At low concentrations, tanshinone IIA enhanced BMP-2-stimulated induction of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), an early phase biomarker of osteoblast differentiation, and mRNA expression of BMPs. ALP induction was inhibited by the BMP antagonist noggin, suggesting that tanshinone IIA enhances the osteogenic activity of BMP signaling. Furthermore, considering the tanshinone IIA-mediated enhancement of BMP-2-stimulated Smad-Runx2 activities, tanshinone IIA could enhance the osteogenic activity of BMP-2 via acceleration of Smad-Runx2 activation. Additionally, pharmacologic inhibition studies suggest the possible involvement of p38 in the action of tanshinone IIA. The p38 inhibitor SB202190 strongly and dose-dependently inhibited tanshinone IIA-enhanced ALP induction. SB202190 also dose-dependently inhibited the tanshinone IIA-induced p38 activation and combined tanshinone IIA-BMP-2-induced Smad activation. In conclusion, tanshinone IIA enhances the commitment of C2C12 cells into osteoblasts and their differentiation through synergistic cross talk between tanshinone IIA-induced p38 activation and BMP-2-induced Smad activation. These activations could subsequently induce the activation of Runx2, which induces osteogenesis via regulation of the osteogenic factors BMP and ALP expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Joo Kim
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Pharmacology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, P.O. Box 107, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-600, Korea
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26
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Salie R, Kneissel M, Vukevic M, Zamurovic N, Kramer I, Evans G, Gerwin N, Mueller M, Kinzel B, Susa M. Ubiquitous overexpression of Hey1 transcription factor leads to osteopenia and chondrocyte hypertrophy in bone. Bone 2010; 46:680-94. [PMID: 19857617 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2009.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2009] [Revised: 09/09/2009] [Accepted: 10/19/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor Hey1, a known Notch target gene of the HES family, has recently been described as a target gene of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) during osteoblastic differentiation in vitro. As the role of Hey1 in skeletal physiology is unknown, we analyzed bones of mice ubiquitously lacking or overexpressing Hey1. This strategy enabled us to evaluate whether Hey1 modulation in the whole organism could serve as a drug or antibody target for therapy of diseases associated with bone loss. Hey1 deficiency resulted in modest osteopenia in vivo and increased number and activity of osteoclasts generated ex vivo. Hey1 overexpression resulted in distinct progressive osteopenia and inhibition of osteoblasts ex vivo, an effect apparently dominant to a mild inhibition of osteoclasts. In both Hey1 deficient and overexpressing mice, males were less affected than females and skeleton was not affected during development. Bone histomorphometry did not reveal major changes in animals at 20 weeks, suggesting that modulation had occurred before. Adult Hey1 transgenics also displayed increased type X collagen expression and an enlarged hypertrophic zone in the growth plate. Taken together, our data suggest that ubiquitous in vivo Hey1 regulation affects osteoblasts, osteoclasts and chondrocytes. Due to the complex role of Hey1 in bone, inhibition of Hey1 does not appear to be a straightforward therapeutic strategy to increase the bone mass.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Bone Diseases, Metabolic/genetics
- Bone Diseases, Metabolic/metabolism
- Bone Diseases, Metabolic/pathology
- Cell Cycle Proteins/biosynthesis
- Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics
- Cell Cycle Proteins/physiology
- Cells, Cultured
- Chondrocytes/metabolism
- Chondrocytes/pathology
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Genes, Dominant
- Growth Inhibitors/biosynthesis
- Growth Inhibitors/genetics
- Growth Inhibitors/physiology
- Hypertrophy
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Osteoblasts/pathology
- Osteoclasts/pathology
- Transcription Factors/biosynthesis
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishard Salie
- Musculoskeletal Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
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27
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Guo HF, Shao HY, Yang ZY, Xue ST, Li X, Liu ZY, He XB, Jiang JD, Zhang YQ, Si SY, Li ZR. Substituted Benzothiophene or Benzofuran Derivatives as a Novel Class of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 Up-Regulators: Synthesis, Structure−Activity Relationships, and Preventive Bone Loss Efficacies in Senescence Accelerated Mice (SAMP6) and Ovariectomized Rats. J Med Chem 2010; 53:1819-29. [DOI: 10.1021/jm901685n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-fang Guo
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua-yi Shao
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhao-yong Yang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Si-tu Xue
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue Li
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zong-ying Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-bo He
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian-dong Jiang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue-qin Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shu-yi Si
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhuo-rong Li
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People’s Republic of China
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Migliaccio S, Brama M, Malavolta N. Management of glucocorticoids-induced osteoporosis: role of teriparatide. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2009; 5:305-10. [PMID: 19536312 PMCID: PMC2697534 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s3940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GC)-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) is the most common cause of secondary osteoporosis, which leads to an increased fracture risk in patients. The normal bone turnover depends on a balance between osteoblasts and osteoclasts activity and GC can cause a rapid bone loss, decreasing bone formation and increasing bone resorption. The decreased bone formation is mainly due to the GC-induced apoptosis of both osteoblasts and osteocytes, while the increased bone resorption is due to the increased life-span of pre-existing osteoclasts. Bisphosphonates are clearly effective in preventing and treating GIOP but anabolic therapeutic strategies are the new promising therapeutic alternative. Experimental and clinical studies indicate that teriparatide, the active (1–34) parathyroid hormone (PTH) molecule, is efficacious for the treatment of GIOP, being able to induce an increase in bone mass in these patients. Intermittent administration of human PTH (1–34) stimulates bone formation by increasing osteoblast number. Additionally, human PTH (1–34) modulates the level and/or activity of locally produced growth factors and cytokines. Teriparatide has been demonstrated in several clinical studies to significantly decrease the incidence of fractures in patients affected by GIOP. It has recently received an indication for GIOP and its label indication has also been expanded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Migliaccio
- Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia Medica, Policlinico Umberto I, Università degli Studi Sapienza di Roma, Italy
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Ghayor C, Ehrbar M, San Miguel B, Grätz KW, Weber FE. cAMP enhances BMP2-signaling through PKA and MKP1-dependent mechanisms. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 381:247-52. [PMID: 19217886 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2009] [Accepted: 02/08/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that the elevation of intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and the activation of the protein kinase A regulate BMP-induced osteogenesis. However, the precise mechanisms underlying the enhancing effect of cAMP on BMP2 signaling were not completely revealed. In this study we investigated the effect of elevated cAMP level and PKA activation on the BMP2-induced osteoblastic differentiation in pluripotent C2C12 cells. Alkaline phosphatase activity and its mRNA were consistently induced by BMP2 treatment. The pretreatment of C2C12 cells with Forskolin, a cAMP generating agent, dbcAMP, an analogue of cAMP, or IBMX (3-isobutyl 1-methyl xanthine), and a nonspecific inhibitor of phosphodiesterases elicited further activation of alkaline phosphatase. Furthermore, elevated intracellular cAMP level increased BMP2-induced MKP1. On the other hand, BMP2-induced Erk phosphorylation (p44/p42) and cell proliferation were suppressed in the presence of cAMP. Thus, cAMP might enhance BMP2-induced osteoblastic differentiation by a MKP1-Erk-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chafik Ghayor
- Oral Biotechnology & Bioengineering, Dept. of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland
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30
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31
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Kimura H, Kwan KM, Zhang Z, Deng JM, Darnay BG, Behringer RR, Nakamura T, de Crombrugghe B, Akiyama H. Cthrc1 is a positive regulator of osteoblastic bone formation. PLoS One 2008; 3:e3174. [PMID: 18779865 PMCID: PMC2527134 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0003174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2008] [Accepted: 08/16/2008] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bone mass is maintained by continuous remodeling through repeated cycles of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. This remodeling process is regulated by many systemic and local factors. Methodology/Principal Findings We identified collagen triple helix repeat containing-1 (Cthrc1) as a downstream target of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) in osteochondroprogenitor-like cells by PCR-based suppression subtractive hybridization followed by differential hybridization, and found that Cthrc1 was expressed in bone tissues in vivo. To investigate the role of Cthrc1 in bone, we generated Cthrc1-null mice and transgenic mice which overexpress Cthrc1 in osteoblasts (Cthrc1 transgenic mice). Microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) and bone histomorphometry analyses showed that Cthrc1-null mice displayed low bone mass as a result of decreased osteoblastic bone formation, whereas Cthrc1 transgenic mice displayed high bone mass by increase in osteoblastic bone formation. Osteoblast number was decreased in Cthrc1-null mice, and increased in Cthrc1 transgenic mice, respectively, while osteoclast number had no change in both mutant mice. In vitro, colony-forming unit (CFU) assays in bone marrow cells harvested from Cthrc1-null mice or Cthrc1 transgenic mice revealed that Cthrc1 stimulated differentiation and mineralization of osteoprogenitor cells. Expression levels of osteoblast specific genes, ALP, Col1a1, and Osteocalcin, in primary osteoblasts were decreased in Cthrc1-null mice and increased in Cthrc1 transgenic mice, respectively. Furthermore, BrdU incorporation assays showed that Cthrc1 accelerated osteoblast proliferation in vitro and in vivo. In addition, overexpression of Cthrc1 in the transgenic mice attenuated ovariectomy-induced bone loss. Conclusions/Significance Our results indicate that Cthrc1 increases bone mass as a positive regulator of osteoblastic bone formation and offers an anabolic approach for the treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Kimura
- Department of Orthopaedics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kin Ming Kwan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhaoping Zhang
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jian Min Deng
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Bryant G. Darnay
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Richard R. Behringer
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | | | - Benoit de Crombrugghe
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Haruhiko Akiyama
- Department of Orthopaedics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- * E-mail:
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A soluble activin type IIA receptor induces bone formation and improves skeletal integrity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008; 105:7082-7. [PMID: 18460605 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0711263105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Diseases that affect the regulation of bone turnover can lead to skeletal fragility and increased fracture risk. Members of the TGF-beta superfamily have been shown to be involved in the regulation of bone mass. Activin A, a TGF-beta signaling ligand, is present at high levels in bone and may play a role in the regulation of bone metabolism. Here we demonstrate that pharmacological blockade of ligand signaling through the high affinity receptor for activin, type II activin receptor (ActRIIA), by administration of the soluble extracellular domain of ActRIIA fused to a murine IgG2a-Fc, increases bone formation, bone mass, and bone strength in normal mice and in ovariectomized mice with established bone loss. These observations support the development of this pharmacological strategy for the treatment of diseases with skeletal fragility.
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