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Drolia R, Amalaradjou MAR, Ryan V, Tenguria S, Liu D, Bai X, Xu L, Singh AK, Cox AD, Bernal-Crespo V, Schaber JA, Applegate BM, Vemulapalli R, Bhunia AK. Receptor-targeted engineered probiotics mitigate lethal Listeria infection. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6344. [PMID: 33311493 PMCID: PMC7732855 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20200-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotic bacteria reduce the intestinal colonization of pathogens. Yet, their use in preventing fatal infection caused by foodborne Listeria monocytogenes (Lm), is inconsistent. Here, we bioengineered Lactobacillus probiotics (BLP) to express the Listeria adhesion protein (LAP) from a non-pathogenic Listeria (L. innocua) and a pathogenic Listeria (Lm) on the surface of Lactobacillus casei. The BLP strains colonize the intestine, reduce Lm mucosal colonization and systemic dissemination, and protect mice from lethal infection. The BLP competitively excludes Lm by occupying the surface presented LAP receptor, heat shock protein 60 and ameliorates the Lm-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction by blocking the nuclear factor-κB and myosin light chain kinase-mediated redistribution of the major epithelial junctional proteins. Additionally, the BLP increases intestinal immunomodulatory functions by recruiting FOXP3+T cells, CD11c+ dendritic cells and natural killer cells. Engineering a probiotic strain with an adhesion protein from a non-pathogenic bacterium provides a new paradigm to exclude pathogens and amplify their inherent health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi Drolia
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Mary Anne Roshni Amalaradjou
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Valerie Ryan
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Shivendra Tenguria
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Dongqi Liu
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Xingjian Bai
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Luping Xu
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Atul K Singh
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Abigail D Cox
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Victor Bernal-Crespo
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - James A Schaber
- Bindley Bioscience Research Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Bruce M Applegate
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Purdue University Interdisciplinary Life Science Program, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Ramesh Vemulapalli
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Arun K Bhunia
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
- Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
- Purdue University Interdisciplinary Life Science Program, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
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Mathipa MG, Bhunia AK, Thantsha MS. Internalin AB-expressing recombinant Lactobacillus casei protects Caco-2 cells from Listeria monocytogenes-induced damages under simulated intestinal conditions. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220321. [PMID: 31356632 PMCID: PMC6663025 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Listeria monocytogenes is an intracellular foodborne pathogen that employs a number of strategies to survive challenging gastrointestinal conditions. It proliferates in the gut and subsequently causes listeriosis in high-risk individuals. Therefore, inhibition of its adherence to the intestinal receptors is crucial in controlling its infection. In this study, the effect of our previously developed recombinant Lactobacillus casei strain expressing invasion protein, Internalin AB of L. monocytogenes (LbcInlAB) on epithelial infection processes of the latter under simulated intestinal conditions was investigated. Materials and methods The confluent Caco-2 cell monolayer was pre-exposed to different L. casei strains at a multiplicity of exposure (MOE) of 10 for various periods before infection with L. monocytogenes at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 10 under simulated intestinal conditions. Subsequently, L. monocytogenes adhesion, invasion, and translocation, cytotoxicity and impact on tight junction integrity of the Caco-2 cells were analyzed. Results Under the simulated gastrointestinal condition, LbcInlAB showed a significant increase (p<0.0001) in adherence to, invasion and translocation through the Caco-2 cells when compared with the wild type strain. Although LbcInlAB strain exhibited enhanced inhibition of L. monocytogenes, it was not able to displace L. monocytogenes cells already attached to the monolayer. Additionally, pre-exposure to LbcInlAB reduced L. monocytogenes-mediated cytotoxicity and protected the tight junction barrier function. Conclusion The recombinant L. casei expressing InlAB shows potential for use as a prophylactic intervention strategy for targeted control of L. monocytogenes during the intestinal phase of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moloko G. Mathipa
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Arun K. Bhunia
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
- Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Mapitsi S. Thantsha
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- * E-mail:
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Mathipa MG, Thantsha MS, Bhunia AK. Lactobacillus casei expressing Internalins A and B reduces Listeria monocytogenes interaction with Caco-2 cells in vitro. Microb Biotechnol 2019; 12:715-729. [PMID: 30989823 PMCID: PMC6559204 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes has been implicated in a number of outbreaks including the recent largest outbreak in South Africa. Current methods for prevention of foodborne L. monocytogenes infection are inadequate, thus raising a need for an alternative strategy. Probiotic bioengineering is considered a prevailing approach to enhance the efficacy of probiotics for targeted control of pathogens. Here, the ability of Lactobacillus casei expressing the L. monocytogenes invasion proteins Internalins A and B (inlAB) to prevent infection was investigated. The inlAB operon was cloned and surface‐expressed on L. casei resulting in a recombinant strain, LbcInlAB, and subsequently, its ability to inhibit adhesion, invasion and translocation of L. monocytogenes through enterocyte‐like Caco‐2 cells was examined. Cell surface expression of InlAB on the LbcInlAB was confirmed by Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. The LbcInlAB strain showed significantly higher (P < 0.0001) adherence, invasion and translocation of Caco‐2 cells than the wild‐type L. casei strain (LbcWT), as well as reduced L. monocytogenes adhesion, invasion and transcellular passage through the cell monolayer than LbcWT. Furthermore, pre‐exposure of Caco‐2 cells to LbcInlAB significantly reduced L. monocytogenes‐induced cell cytotoxicity and epithelial barrier dysfunction. These results suggest that InlAB‐expressing L. casei could be a potential practical approach for prevention of listeriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moloko G Mathipa
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics, and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.,Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Mapitsi S Thantsha
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics, and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Arun K Bhunia
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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Blocking HIV-1 Infection by Chromosomal Integrative Expression of Human CD4 on the Surface of Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.01830-18. [PMID: 30728264 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01830-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus bacteria are potential delivery vehicles for biopharmaceutical molecules because they are well-recognized as safe microorganisms that naturally inhabit the human body. The goal of this study was to employ these lactobacilli to combat human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection and transmission. By using a chromosomal integration method, we engineered Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 to display human CD4, the HIV-1 receptor, on the cell surface. Since human CD4 can bind to any infectious HIV-1 particles, the engineered lactobacilli can potentially capture HIV-1 of different subtypes and prevent infection. Our data demonstrate that the CD4-carrying bacteria are able to adsorb HIV-1 particles and reduce infection significantly in vitro and also block intrarectal HIV-1 infection in a humanized mouse model in preliminary tests in vivo Our results support the potential of this approach to decrease the efficiency of HIV-1 sexual transmission.IMPORTANCE In the absence of an effective vaccine, alternative approaches to block HIV-1 infection and transmission with commensal bacteria expressing antiviral proteins are being considered. This report provides a proof-of-concept by using Lactobacillus bacteria stably expressing the HIV-1 receptor CD4 to capture and neutralize HIV-1 in vitro and in a humanized mouse model. The stable expression of antiviral proteins, such as CD4, following genomic integration of the corresponding genes into this Lactobacillus strain may contribute to the prevention of HIV-1 sexual transmission.
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Teh BS, Apel J, Shao Y, Boland W. Colonization of the Intestinal Tract of the Polyphagous Pest Spodoptera littoralis with the GFP-Tagged Indigenous Gut Bacterium Enterococcus mundtii. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:928. [PMID: 27379058 PMCID: PMC4906056 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The alkaline gut of Lepidopterans plays a crucial role in shaping communities of bacteria. Enterococcus mundtii has emerged as one of the predominant gut microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract of the major agricultural pest, Spodoptera littoralis. Therefore, it was selected as a model bacterium to study its adaptation to harsh alkaline gut conditions in its host insect throughout different stages of development (larvae, pupae, adults, and eggs). To date, the mechanism of bacterial survival in insects' intestinal tract has been unknown. Therefore, we have engineered a GFP-tagged species of bacteria, E. mundtii, to track how it colonizes the intestine of S. littoralis. Three promoters of different strengths were used to control the expression of GFP in E. mundtii. The promoter ermB was the most effective, exhibiting the highest GFP fluorescence intensity, and hence was chosen as our main construct. Our data show that the engineered fluorescent bacteria survived and proliferated in the intestinal tract of the insect at all life stages for up to the second generation following ingestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beng-Soon Teh
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology Jena, Germany
| | - Johanna Apel
- Clinic for Internal Medicine II, Department of Haematology and Medical Oncology University Hospital Jena, Germany
| | - Yongqi Shao
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Pathology, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University Hangzhou, China
| | - Wilhelm Boland
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology Jena, Germany
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LeBlanc JG, Aubry C, Cortes-Perez NG, de Moreno de LeBlanc A, Vergnolle N, Langella P, Azevedo V, Chatel JM, Miyoshi A, Bermúdez-Humarán LG. Mucosal targeting of therapeutic molecules using genetically modified lactic acid bacteria: an update. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2013; 344:1-9. [PMID: 23600579 DOI: 10.1111/1574-6968.12159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) represent a heterogeneous group of microorganisms naturally present in many foods and those have proved to be effective mucosal delivery vectors. Moreover, some specific strains of LAB exert beneficial properties (known as probiotic effect) on both human and animal health. Although probiotic effects are strain-specific traits, it is theoretically possible, using genetic engineering techniques, to design strains that can exert a variety of beneficial properties. During the two past decades, a large variety of therapeutic molecules has been successfully expressed in LAB, and although this field has been largely reviewed in recent years, approximately 20 new publications appear each year. Thus, the aim of this minireview is not to extensively assess the entire literature but to update progress made within the last 2 years regarding the use of the model LAB Lactococcus lactis and certain species of lactobacilli as live recombinant vectors for the development of new safe mucosal vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Guy LeBlanc
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA-CONICET), San Miguel de Tucuman, Argentina
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Koo OK, Amalaradjou MAR, Bhunia AK. Recombinant probiotic expressing Listeria adhesion protein attenuates Listeria monocytogenes virulence in vitro. PLoS One 2012; 7:e29277. [PMID: 22235279 PMCID: PMC3250429 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 11/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Listeria monocytogenes, an intracellular foodborne pathogen, infects immunocompromised hosts. The primary route of transmission is through contaminated food. In the gastrointestinal tract, it traverses the epithelial barrier through intracellular or paracellular routes. Strategies to prevent L. monocytogenes entry can potentially minimize infection in high-risk populations. Listeria adhesion protein (LAP) aids L. monocytogenes in crossing epithelial barriers via the paracellular route. The use of recombinant probiotic bacteria expressing LAP would aid targeted clearance of Listeria from the gut and protect high-risk populations from infection. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The objective was to investigate the ability of probiotic bacteria or LAP-expressing recombinant probiotic Lactobacillus paracasei (Lbp(LAP)) to prevent L. monocytogenes adhesion, invasion, and transwell-based transepithelial translocation in a Caco-2 cell culture model. Several wild type probiotic bacteria showed strong adhesion to Caco-2 cells but none effectively prevented L. monocytogenes infection. Pre-exposure to Lbp(LAP) for 1, 4, 15, or 24 h significantly (P<0.05) reduced adhesion, invasion, and transepithelial translocation of L. monocytogenes in Caco-2 cells, whereas pre-exposure to parental Lb. paracasei had no significant effect. Similarly, Lbp(LAP) pre-exposure reduced L. monocytogenes translocation by as much as 46% after 24 h. Lbp(LAP) also prevented L. monocytogenes-mediated cell damage and compromise of tight junction integrity. Furthermore, Lbp(LAP) cells reduced L. monocytogenes-mediated cell cytotoxicity by 99.8% after 1 h and 79% after 24 h. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Wild type probiotic bacteria were unable to prevent L. monocytogenes infection in vitro. In contrast, Lbp(LAP) blocked adhesion, invasion, and translocation of L. monocytogenes by interacting with host cell receptor Hsp60, thereby protecting cells from infection. These data show promise for the use of recombinant probiotics in preventing L. monocytogenes infection in high-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ok Kyung Koo
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Mary Anne Roshni Amalaradjou
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Arun K. Bhunia
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
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del Rio B, Fuente JL, Neves V, Dattwyler R, Seegers JFML, Gomes-Solecki M. Platform technology to deliver prophylactic molecules orally: an example using the Class A select agent Yersinia pestis. Vaccine 2010; 28:6714-22. [PMID: 20699130 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.07.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2010] [Revised: 07/09/2010] [Accepted: 07/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Consumed for centuries, lactic acid bacteria are excellent candidates for the development of safe mucosal delivery vehicles for prophylactic and therapeutic molecules. We have recently reported that the immune response to an effective OspA-expressing L. plantarum vaccine for Lyme disease is modulated by the lipid modification of the antigen. In this study, we investigated if this technology can be applied to developing vaccines for other diseases by focusing on the Class A select agent, Yersinia pestis. We used a number of biochemistry and immunology techniques to determine the localization of the immunogen in our delivery vehicle and to evaluate the mucosal as well as the systemic immune response to the immunogen. We found that only LcrV cloned downstream of the signal sequence of B. burgdorferi OspA ((ss)LcrV), but not wildtype LcrV (LcrV), is localized to the desired peptidoglycan layer of the delivery vehicle. In addition, only mice that received L. plantarum expressing (ss)LcrV produced significant titers of IgG antibody as well as IgA in distant mucosal sites such as lungs and vagina. Furthermore, only L. plantarum expressing (ss)LcrV induced significant amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFα, IL-12, IFNγ and IL-6 as well as anti-inflammatory IL-10 in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells derived dendritic cells, suggesting that the mechanism by which LcrV-expressing L. plantarum stimulates the immune response involves polarization to Th1 mediated immunity with some involvement of Th2. The study reported here proves that this system is a platform technology to develop oral vaccines for multiple diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz del Rio
- Department of Molecular Sciences, UTHSC, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
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9
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Innate and acquired immune responses induced by recombinant Lactobacillus casei displaying flagellin-fusion antigen on the cell-surface. Vaccine 2010; 28:3409-15. [PMID: 20197143 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.02.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2009] [Revised: 02/05/2010] [Accepted: 02/15/2010] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial flagellins are known as antigens that induce innate immune responses through TLR5 and boost immune responses in combination with other antigens. The aim of the present study was to determine the immunological properties of recombinant Lactobacillus casei producing flagellin and flagellin-fusion antigens in vitro and in vivo. Recombinant lactobacilli expressing Salmonella FliC and FliC fused to truncated SipC on the cell-surface were constructed. Fusion and non-fusion flagellin associated with L. casei retained the ability to induce IL-8 production by Caco-2 cells. Immunization of mice with these recombinant strains induced antigen-specific antibodies and cytokine production. The results showed that the outside epitope of the heterologous antigen was recognized more easily by the immune system than the inside epitope. The immune responses elicited by the Lactobacillus-associated antigens were mainly Th1 while that by the soluble antigen was Th2, although some of the responses were mixed.
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Adjuvant effects for oral immunization provided by recombinant Lactobacillus casei secreting biologically active murine interleukin-1{beta}. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2009; 17:43-8. [PMID: 19923575 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00337-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Vaccine delivery systems using lactic acid bacteria are under development, but their efficiency is insufficient. Autologous cytokines, such as interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), are potential adjuvants for mucosal vaccines and can be provided by recombinant lactic acid bacteria. The aim of this study was the construction and evaluation of recombinant Lactobacillus casei producing IL-1beta as an adjuvant delivery agent. The recombinant strain was constructed using an expression/secretion vector plasmid, including a mature IL-1beta gene from mouse. The biological activity of the cytokine was confirmed by IL-8 production from Caco-2 cells. In response to the recombinant L. casei secreting IL-1beta, expression of IL-6 was detected in vivo using a ligated-intestinal-loop assay. The release of IL-6 from Peyer's patch cells was also detected in vitro. Intragastric immunization with heat-killed Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (SE) in combination with IL-1beta-secreting lactobacilli resulted in relatively high SE-specific antibody production. In this study, it was demonstrated that recombinant L. casei secreting bioactive murine IL-1beta provided adjuvant effects for intragastric immunization.
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Reduction of tumor necrosis factor alpha-inducing capacity of recombinant Lactobacillus casei via expression of Salmonella OmpC. Appl Environ Microbiol 2009; 75:2727-34. [PMID: 19270120 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01916-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The insertion of a heterologous gene into commensal bacteria is a common technique to develop a delivery agent for vaccination and therapies, but the pleiotropic effects of genetic modifications need to be investigated before its use in practical applications. Although supplemental properties provided by the expression of heterologous antigens have been reported, the negative or side effects on the immune-modulating properties caused by recombination are barely understood. In the present study, we fortuitously found that the secretion of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) from murine macrophages was reduced by recombinant Lactobacillus casei expressing Salmonella OmpC compared to the stimulation of TNF-alpha secretion by nonexpressing L. casei. This reduction could not be attributed to OmpC as a purified protein. The main component of the OmpC-expressing strain included in the attenuation of TNF-alpha release seemed to be the cell wall, which exhibited higher sensitivity against N-acetylmuramidase than that of nonexpressing strains. These results suggest that the recombinant strain expressing a specific heterologous antigen might be digested rapidly in macrophages and lose immune-stimulating capability at an early time point.
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Kolandaswamy A, George L, Sadasivam S. Heterologous expression of oxalate decarboxylase in Lactobacillus plantarum NC8. Curr Microbiol 2008; 58:117-21. [PMID: 18946701 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-008-9286-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2008] [Accepted: 09/12/2008] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LABs) are being used as a probiotic very often for various enteric problems. Many genetically modified LABs are created by different workers for various novel applications. In this study we examine the expression of heterologous oxalate decarboxylase (oxdc) in Lactobacillus plantarum NC8. Generally, this enzyme is not present in Lactobacillus spp. Oxdc gene from Bacillus subtilis was polymerase chain reaction-amplified and cloned in a shuttle vector pSIP400 series, downstream of the inducible promoter, P(orfx). In the presence of an inducing peptide, Sakacin-P, the expression of OxdC was observed in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The cell-free extract and the purified protein from the recombinant LABs showed the presence of OxdC activity. The above recombinant LABs, with desired modifications, can be used as a possible probiotic for the degradation of intestinal dietary oxalate for preventing enteric hyperoxaluria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anbazhagan Kolandaswamy
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, TN, India.
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Oral immunization with recombinant lactobacillus plantarum induces a protective immune response in mice with Lyme disease. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2008; 15:1429-35. [PMID: 18632920 PMCID: PMC2546682 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00169-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mucosal immunization is advantageous over other routes of antigen delivery because it can induce both mucosal and systemic immune responses. Our goal was to develop a mucosal delivery vehicle based on bacteria generally regarded as safe, such as Lactobacillus spp. In this study, we used the Lyme disease mouse model as a proof of concept. We demonstrate that an oral vaccine based on live recombinant Lactobacillus plantarum protects mice from tick-transmitted Borrelia burgdorferi infection. Our method of expressing vaccine antigens in L. plantarum induces both systemic and mucosal immunity after oral administration. This platform technology can be applied to design oral vaccine delivery vehicles against several microbial pathogens.
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Kajikawa A, Satoh E, Leer RJ, Yamamoto S, Igimi S. Intragastric immunization with recombinant Lactobacillus casei expressing flagellar antigen confers antibody-independent protective immunity against Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis. Vaccine 2007; 25:3599-605. [PMID: 17287050 PMCID: PMC7115604 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2006] [Revised: 12/11/2006] [Accepted: 01/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
A recombinant Lactobacillus casei expressing a flagellar antigen from Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis was constructed and evaluated as a mucosal vaccine. Intragastric immunization of the recombinant strain conferred protective immunity against Salmonella infection in mice. This immunization did not result in antigen-specific antibody in either feces or sera but induced the release of IFN-γ on restimulation of primed lymphocytes ex vivo. The results suggested that the protective efficacy provided by flagellin-expressing L. casei is mainly attributable to cell-mediated immune responses. In addition, an adjuvant-type effect of the antigen delivery system with L. casei was also observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinobu Kajikawa
- Division of Biomedical Food Research, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan.
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Li YG, Tian FL, Gao FS, Tang XS, Xia C. Immune responses generated by Lactobacillus as a carrier in DNA immunization against foot-and-mouth disease virus. Vaccine 2007; 25:902-11. [PMID: 17028078 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2006] [Revised: 07/31/2006] [Accepted: 09/04/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
To exploit Lactobacillus acidophilus as a carrier in DNA immunization against foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), a recombinant eukaryotic expression plasmid (pRc/CMV2-VP1-Rep. 8014) harboring pRc/CMV2 vector, the FMDV VP1 gene, and a replication origin from Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 8014 strain was constructed. To detect the VP1 protein, pRc/CMV2-VP1-Rep. 8014 was expressed in PK 15 cells and transfected into a L. acidophilus SW1 strain (L. acidophilus SFMD-1). To evaluate the immunization effect of L. acidophilus SFMD-1, anti-FMDV VP1 antibody, T-cell proliferation, antigen-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH), and tissue distribution were investigated using intramuscular, intraperitoneal, intranasal, and oral administration delivery routes. The results showed that L. acidophilus SFMD-1 was able to elicit a detectable antibody level on day 21. The VP1 antibody levels induced by L. acidophilus SFMD-1 and commercial inactivated FMDV vaccine rose rapidly to 0.84 and 0.70, respectively, by day 42, then sustained a high level by day 49. The route of administration had an impact on the magnitude of the systemic antigen-specific IgG responses, with intramuscularly applied L. acidophilus SFMD-1 generating the greatest FMDV VP1 antibody response, followed by intraperitoneal, intranasal, and oral administration delivery routes. Using the T-cell proliferation assay, the stimulation index of a group immunized with L. acidophilus SFMD-1 reached 2.78 versus 5.08 in a group immunized with pRc/CMV2-VP1-Rep. 8014 plasmid. Mice immunized with L. acidophilus SFMD-1 were able to induce T-cell-mediated antigen-specific DTH. In addition, the VP1 gene was detected in the muscle, kidney, spleen, and heart, but not in the liver. The results demonstrate clearly that Lactobacillus as a carrier is a promising approach of DNA vaccination, and is a potentially guard against FMDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Gang Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China
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16
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Heyman M, Heuvelin É. Micro-organismes probiotiques et régulation immunologique : le paradoxe. NUTR CLIN METAB 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nupar.2006.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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17
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Mann B, Orihuela C, Antikainen J, Gao G, Sublett J, Korhonen TK, Tuomanen E. Multifunctional role of choline binding protein G in pneumococcal pathogenesis. Infect Immun 2006; 74:821-9. [PMID: 16428724 PMCID: PMC1360319 DOI: 10.1128/iai.74.2.821-829.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the choline binding protein (Cbp) family are noncovalently bound to phosphorylcholine residues on the surface of Streptococcus pneumoniae. It has been suggested that CbpG plays a role in adherence and increase virulence both at the mucosal surface and in the bloodstream, but the function of this protein has been unclear. A new sequence analysis indicated that CbpG is a possible member of the S1 family of multifunctional surface-associated serine proteases. Clinical isolates contained two alleles of cbpG, and one-third of the strains expressed a truncated protein lacking the C-terminal, cell wall-anchoring choline binding domain. CbpG on the surface of pneumococci (full length) or released into the supernatant (truncated) showed proteolytic activity for fibronectin and casein, as did CbpG expressed on lactobacilli or as a purified full-length or truncated recombinant protein. Recombinant CbpG (rCbpG)-coated beads adhered to eukaryotic cells, and TIGR4 mutants lacking CbpG or having a truncated CbpG protein showed decreased adherence in vitro and attenuation of disease in mouse challenge models of colonization, pneumonia, and bacteremia. Immunization with rCbpG was protective in an animal model of colonization and sepsis. We propose that CbpG is a multifunctional surface protein that in the cell-attached or secreted form cleaves host extracellular matrix and in the cell-attached form participates in bacterial adherence. This is the first example of distinct functions in virulence that are dependent on natural variation in expression of a choline binding domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Mann
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 332 N. Lauderdale Rd., Memphis, TN 38105, USA
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18
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Sørvig E, Mathiesen G, Naterstad K, Eijsink VGH, Axelsson L. High-level, inducible gene expression in Lactobacillus sakei and Lactobacillus plantarum using versatile expression vectors. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2005; 151:2439-2449. [PMID: 16000734 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.28084-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Vectors have been developed for inducible gene expression in Lactobacillus sakei and Lactobacillus plantarum in which expression of the gene of interest is driven by strong, regulated promoters from bacteriocin operons found in L. sakei strains. The activity of these promoters is controlled via a two-component signal transduction system, which responds to an externally added peptide pheromone. The vectors have a modular design, permitting easy exchange of all essential elements: the inducible promoter, the cognate regulatory system, the gene of interest, the antibiotic resistance marker and the replicon. Various variants of these so-called 'pSIP' vectors were constructed and tested, differing in terms of the bacteriocin regulon from which the regulatory elements were derived (sakacin A or sakacin P), the regulated promoter selected from these regulons, and the replicon (derived from p256 or pSH71). Using beta-glucuronidase (GusA) and aminopeptidase N (PepN) as reporters, it was shown that the best vectors permitted inducible, pheromone-dose-dependent gene expression at very high levels, while displaying moderate basal activities when not induced. The most effective set-up was obtained using a vector containing the pSH71 replicon, the orfX promoter from the sakacin P regulon, and the cognate regulatory genes, in a L. sakei host. GusA levels obtained with this set-up were approximately ten times higher than the levels obtained with prototype pSIP versions, whereas PepN levels amounted to almost 50% of total cellular protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Sørvig
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, PO Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
- MATFORSK, Norwegian Food Research Institute, Osloveien 1, N-1430 Ås, Norway
| | - Geir Mathiesen
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, PO Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Kristine Naterstad
- MATFORSK, Norwegian Food Research Institute, Osloveien 1, N-1430 Ås, Norway
| | - Vincent G H Eijsink
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, PO Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Lars Axelsson
- MATFORSK, Norwegian Food Research Institute, Osloveien 1, N-1430 Ås, Norway
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Ho P, Kwang J, Lee Y. Intragastric administration of Lactobacillus casei expressing transmissible gastroentritis coronavirus spike glycoprotein induced specific antibody production. Vaccine 2005; 23:1335-42. [PMID: 15661381 PMCID: PMC7115493 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2004] [Accepted: 09/20/2004] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota was selected as a bacterial carrier for the development of live mucosal vaccines against coronavirus. A 75 kDa fragment of transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus (TGEV) spike glycoprotein S was used as the model coronavirus antigen. The S glycoprotein was cloned into a Lactobacillus/E. coli shuttle vector (pLP500) where expression and secretion of the glycoprotein S from the recombinant lactobacilli was detected via immunoblotting. Oral immunization of BALB/c mice with recombinant LcS that constitutively expresses the 75 kDa fragment of the glycoprotein S, induced both local mucosal and systemic immune responses against TGEV. Maximum titers of IgG (8.38+/-0.19 ng/ml of serum) and IgA (64.82+/-2.9 ng/ml of intestinal water) were attained 32 days post oral inturbation. The induced antibodies demonstrated neutralizing effects on TGEV infection.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Oral
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Antibody Formation
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Gastroenteritis, Transmissible, of Swine/prevention & control
- Immunity, Mucosal
- Immunoglobulin A/analysis
- Immunoglobulin G/blood
- Lacticaseibacillus casei/genetics
- Lacticaseibacillus casei/immunology
- Lacticaseibacillus casei/metabolism
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Membrane Glycoproteins/immunology
- Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Neutralization Tests
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus
- Transmissible gastroenteritis virus/genetics
- Transmissible gastroenteritis virus/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/genetics
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/metabolism
- Viral Envelope Proteins/genetics
- Viral Envelope Proteins/immunology
- Viral Envelope Proteins/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- P.S. Ho
- Department of Microbiology, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - J. Kwang
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604, Singapore
| | - Y.K. Lee
- Department of Microbiology, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117597, Singapore
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +65 6874 3284; fax: +65 6776 6872.
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20
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El-Osta YGA, Hillier AJ, Dobos M. Construction of a combined physical and genetic map of the chromosome of Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 and characterization of the rRNA operons. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2005; 151:875-892. [PMID: 15758233 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.27134-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The combination of PFGE and hybridization approaches was used to study the genome of Lactobacillus acidophilus neotype strain ATCC 4356. PFGE analysis of chromosomal DNA after digestion with each of the rare-cutting restriction enzymes I-CeuI, NotI, CspI, SmaI, ApaI and SgrAI allowed the size of the circular chromosome of L. acidophilus to be estimated at 2.061 Mbp. The physical map contained 86 restriction sites for the six enzymes employed, with intervals between the sites varying from 1 to 88 kbp (approximately 0.05-4.3 % of the chromosome). Based on the physical map, a genetic map was constructed via Southern blot analyses of L. acidophilus DNA using specific gene probes. A total of 73 probes representing key genes, including 12 rRNA (rrn) genes, were positioned on the latter map. Mapping analysis also indicated the presence of four rrn operons (rrnA-D) on the chromosome, each containing a single copy of each of the three rrn genes 16S (rrl), 23S (rrs) and 5S (rrf). Operon rrnD was inverted in orientation with respect to the others and contained a long 16S-23S intergenic spacer region with tRNAIle and tRNAAla genes, whereas the other operons contained a short spacer lacking any tRNA genes. The high-resolution physical/genetic map constructed in this study provides a platform for genomic and genetic studies of Lactobacillus species and for improving industrial and probiotic strains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alan J Hillier
- Food Science Australia, Werribee, Victoria 3030, Australia
- School of Agriculture and Food Systems, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marian Dobos
- School of Medical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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21
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Oozeer R, Furet JP, Goupil-Feuillerat N, Anba J, Mengaud J, Corthier G. Differential activities of four Lactobacillus casei promoters during bacterial transit through the gastrointestinal tracts of human-microbiota-associated mice. Appl Environ Microbiol 2005; 71:1356-63. [PMID: 15746338 PMCID: PMC1065133 DOI: 10.1128/aem.71.3.1356-1363.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In a previous study using fusion of the deregulated lactose promoter lacTp* and reporter genes, we suggested that Lactobacillus casei could initiate de novo protein synthesis during intestinal transit. In order to confirm this finding and extend it to other promoters, we adopted a reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR (RT-QPCR) approach combined with a transcriptional fusion system consisting of luciferase genes under the control of four promoters (ccpA, dlt, ldh, and lacT*) from L. casei DN-114 001. Promoter expression was monitored during cell growth, and variable luciferase activities were detected. In 3-day cultures, all the genetically modified strains survived but without exhibiting luciferase activity. Luciferase mRNA levels determined by RT-QPCR analysis (RNA/CFU) were not significant. The cultures were administered to human-microbiota-associated mice, and the feces were collected 6 h later. L. casei promoters lacTp* and ldhp initiated mRNA synthesis during gastrointestinal transit. The promoters, ccpAp and dltp, exhibited no luciferase activity, nor was de novo-synthesized luciferase mRNA detected in the feces. L. casei seems to adapt its physiology to the gastrointestinal tract environment by modulating promoter activities. The approach (fecal transcriptional analysis) described herein may, moreover, be of value in studying gene expression of transiting bacteria in human fecal specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Oozeer
- Unité d'Ecologie et de Physiologie du Système Digestif, INRA, 78350 Jouy en Josas, France
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22
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Westendorf AM, Gunzer F, Deppenmeier S, Tapadar D, Hunger JK, Schmidt MA, Buer J, Bruder D. Intestinal immunity of Escherichia coli NISSLE 1917: a safe carrier for therapeutic molecules. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 43:373-84. [PMID: 15708311 DOI: 10.1016/j.femsim.2004.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2003] [Revised: 05/25/2004] [Accepted: 10/06/2004] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The development of novel approaches that allow accurate targeting of therapeutics to the intestinal mucosa is a major task in the research on intestinal inflammation. For the first time, a live genetically modified bacterial strain has been approved by Dutch authorities as a therapeutic agent for experimental therapy of intestinal bowel disease (IBD) in humans. Genetically modified probiotics can very well be used as carriers for localized antigen delivery into the intestine. Therapeutic safety, however, of such a carrier organism, is crucial, especially when a specific probiotic strain has to be used under diseased conditions. In this study, we tested the potential of Escherichia coli NISSLE 1917 to serve as a safe carrier for targeted delivery of recombinant proteins to the intestinal mucosa. In a well-defined and very sensitive immunological system, we demonstrate that intestinal recombinant E. coli NISSLE 1917 has no effect on migration, clonal expansion and activation status of specific CD4+ T cells, neither in healthy mice nor in animals with acute colitis. Furthermore, recombinant E. coli NISSLE 1917 has no effect on the induction or breakdown of peripheral T-cell tolerance in an autoimmune environment. The excellent colonization properties of E. coli NISSLE 1917 render this strain an ideal candidate as carrier organism for gut-focused in situ synthesis of therapeutic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid M Westendorf
- Arbeitsgruppe Mukosale Immunität, Gesellschaft für Biotechnologische Forschung, Mascheroder Weg 1, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany
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23
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Hanniffy S, Wiedermann U, Repa A, Mercenier A, Daniel C, Fioramonti J, Tlaskolova H, Kozakova H, Israelsen H, Madsen S, Vrang A, Hols P, Delcour J, Bron P, Kleerebezem M, Wells J. Potential and opportunities for use of recombinant lactic acid bacteria in human health. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2005; 56:1-64. [PMID: 15566975 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2164(04)56001-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sean Hanniffy
- Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, NR4 7UA, United Kingdom
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24
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Smit E, Jager D, Martinez B, Tielen FJ, Pouwels PH. Structural and functional analysis of the S-layer protein crystallisation domain of Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356: evidence for protein-protein interaction of two subdomains. J Mol Biol 2002; 324:953-64. [PMID: 12470951 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2836(02)01135-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The structure of the crystallisation domain, SAN, of the S(A)-protein of Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 was analysed by insertion and deletion mutagenesis, and by proteolytic treatment. Mutant S(A)-protein synthesised in Escherichia coli with 7-13 amino acid insertions near the N terminus or within regions of sequence variation in SAN (amino acid position 7, 45, 114, 125, 193), or in the cell wall-binding domain (position 345) could form crystalline sheets, whereas insertions in conserved regions or in regions with predicted secondary structure elements (positions 30, 67, 88 and 156) destroyed this capacity. FACscan analysis of L.acidophilus synthesising three crystallising and one non-crystallising S(A)-protein c-myc (19 amino acid residues) insertion mutant was performed with c-myc antibodies. Fluorescence was most pronounced for insertions at positions 125 and 156, less for position 45 and severely reduced for position 7. By cytometric flow sorting a transformant harbouring the mutant S(A)-protein gene (position 125) was isolated that showed an increased fluorescense signal. Immunofluorescence microscopy suggested that the transformant synthesized mutant S(A)-protein only. PCR analysis of the transformant grown in the absence of selection pressure indicated that the mutant allele was stably integrated in the chromosome. Proteolytic treatment of S(A)-protein indicated that only sites near the middle of SAN are susceptible, although potential cleavage sites are present through the entire molecule. Expression in E.coli of DNA sequences encoding the two halves of SAN yielded peptides that could oligomerize. Our results indicate that SAN consists of a approximately 12kDa N and a approximately 18kDa C-terminal subdomain linked by a surface exposed loop. The capacity of S(A)-protein of L.acidophilus to present epitopes, up to approximately 19 amino acid residues in length, at the bacterial surface in a genetically stable form, makes the system, in principle, suitable for application as an oral delivery vehicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egbert Smit
- Department of Applied Microbiology and Gene Technology, TNO Nutrition and Food Research Institute, Utrechtseweg 48, 3700 AJ, Zeist, The Netherlands
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25
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Abstract
Evidence is accumulating that lactobacilli influence the immune response in a strain-dependent manner. This immunomodulatory capacity is important for the development of the immune response, and also identifies Lactobacillus as a potent oral vaccine carrier. Most of our current knowledge of the use of lactobacilli for vaccination purposes has been obtained with tetanus toxin fragment C (TTFC) as the model antigen. This knowledge, together with our ever-increasing understanding of the immune system and recent developments in cloning and expression techniques, should enable the utilisation of antigens other than TTFC and has made the development of lactobacilli as live vaccines a realistic prospect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jos F M L Seegers
- Lactrys, TNO Prevention and Health, Division of Immunological and Infectious Diseases, PO Box 2301 CE, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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26
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Abstract
Many trials on probiotics are now published that use established methods to demonstrate their clinical efficacy. Convincing progress has been made in the field of inflammatory bowel disease and allergy prevention in infants. Experimental studies show clear differences (and even sometimes opposite effects) between apparently closely related probiotics and suggest new mechanisms for the observed effects, such as immunostimulation by bacterial DNA and interaction with Toll-like receptors and dendritic cells in the gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Marteau
- Gastroenterology Department, European Hospital Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris & Paris V University, Paris, France.
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27
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Antikainen J, Anton L, Sillanpää J, Korhonen TK. Domains in the S-layer protein CbsA of Lactobacillus crispatus involved in adherence to collagens, laminin and lipoteichoic acids and in self-assembly. Mol Microbiol 2002; 46:381-94. [PMID: 12406216 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2958.2002.03180.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The protein regions in the S-layer protein CbsA of Lactobacillus crispatus JCM 5810, needed for binding to collagens and laminin, anchoring to bacterial cell wall, as well as self-assembly, were mapped by deletion analysis of His-tagged peptides isolated from Escherichia coli and by heterologous expression on Lactobacillus casei. Mature CbsA is 410 amino acids long, and stepwise genetic truncation at both termini revealed that the region 32-271 carries the infor-mation for self-assembly of CbsA into a periodic structure. The lactobacillar S-layer proteins exhibit sequence variation in their assembly domain, but the border regions 30-34 and 269-274 in CbsA are conserved in valine-rich short sequences. Short deletions or substitutions at these regions affected the morphology of His-CbsA polymers, which varied from sheet-like to cylindrical tubular polymers, and further truncation beyond the DNA encoding residues 32 and 271 leads to a non-periodic aggregation. The self-assembly of the truncated peptides, as seen by electron microscopy, was correlated with their behaviour in a cross-linking study. The shorter peptides not forming a regular polymer were observed by the cross-linking study and mass spectrometry to form dimers, trimers and tetramers, whereas the other peptides were cross-linked to large multimers only. Binding of solubilized type I and IV collagens was observed with the His-CbsA peptides 1-274 and 31-287, but not with the smaller peptides regardless of their ability to form regular polymers. Strain JCM 5810 also adheres to immobilized laminin and, in order to analyse the possible laminin binding by CbsA, cbsA and its fragments were expressed on the surface of L. casei. Expression of the CbsA peptides 1-274, 1-287, 28-287 and 31-287 on L. casei conferred adhesiveness to both laminin and collagen immobilized on glass as well as to laminin- and collagen-containing regions in chicken colon and ileum. The C-terminal peptides 251-410 and 288-410 bound to L. crispatus JCM 5810 cells from which the S-layer had been depleted by chemical extraction, whereas no binding was seen with the His-CbsA peptides 1-250 or 1-269 or to cells with an intact S-layer. The His-CbsA peptides 251-410 and 288-410 bound to teichoic acids of several bacterial species. The results show that CbsA is an adhesive complex with an N-terminal assembly domain exhibiting affinity for pericellular tissue components and a cationic C-terminal domain binding to negatively charged cell wall components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenni Antikainen
- Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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28
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Krüger C, Hu Y, Pan Q, Marcotte H, Hultberg A, Delwar D, van Dalen PJ, Pouwels PH, Leer RJ, Kelly CG, van Dollenweerd C, Ma JK, Hammarström L. In situ delivery of passive immunity by lactobacilli producing single-chain antibodies. Nat Biotechnol 2002; 20:702-6. [PMID: 12089555 DOI: 10.1038/nbt0702-702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Lactobacilli have previously been used to deliver vaccine components for active immunization in vivo. Vectors encoding a single-chain Fv (scFv) antibody fragment, which recognizes the streptococcal antigen I/II (SAI/II) adhesion molecule of Streptococcus mutans, were constructed and expressed in Lactobacillus zeae (American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) 393). The scFv antibody fragments secreted into the supernatant or expressed on the surface of the bacteria showed binding activity against SAI/II in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and surface scFv-expressing lactobacilli agglutinated SAI/II-expressing S. mutans in vitro without affecting the corresponding SAI/II knockout strain. Lactobacilli expressing the scFv fragment fused to an E-tag were visualized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) using beads coated with a monoclonal anti-E-tag antibody, and they bound directly to beads coated with SAI/II. After administration of scFv-expressing bacteria to a rat model of dental caries development, S. mutans bacteria counts and caries scores were markedly reduced. As lactobacilli are generally regarded as safe (GRAS) microorganisms, this approach may be of considerable commercial interest for in vivo immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Krüger
- Center for Oral Biology, Karolinska Institutet at NOVUM and Division of Clinical Immunology, Karolinska Institutet at Huddinge Hospital, SE-141 86 Huddinge, Sweden
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29
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