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Xiao M, Li X, Zhang X, Duan X, Lin H, Liu S, Sui G. Assessment of cancer-related signaling pathways in responses to polystyrene nanoplastics via a kidney-testis microfluidic platform (KTP). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159306. [PMID: 36216064 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
As a new type of environmental pollutants, micro/nano plastics (MPs/NPs) derived from plastic products are commonly contact in daily life and lead to some serious health issues. The toxicity effects of MPs/NPs on the human body have aroused wide concerns. Although MPs/NPs have been reported to be transmitted into the kidney and reproductive organs, the molecular mechanisms of MPs/NPs toxicity remain unclear due to the lack of a physiologically relevant organ-organ linking platform in vitro. Here, we present a kidney-testis microfluidic platform (KTP) with NPs exposure that enables the communication of kidney and testis chambers and reproduces endothelium-linked chambers to simulate the state in vivo. The function of KTP was assessed by cell counting kit (CCK-8), tight junction protein claudin-2 and glucose consumption. Results revealed that MPs/NPs entered the kidney and testis via endocytosis. Immunofluorescence and ELISA analysis were performed on KTP at 200 μg/mL PS-NP to identify the dysregulated proteins on cancer-related signaling pathways, including the MAPK signaling pathway (RTK, RAS, ERK, JNK, P38, NRF2, TNF-α, and TNF-α-R) and the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway (PI3K, AKT, MDM2, P53, and ΒΑD). This multi-organ platform (KTP) contributes to clarifying cancer pathways triggered by MPs/NPs exposure and provides a promising method for assessing diseases induced by environmental pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Xiao
- Shanghai Key laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, 200438 Shanghai, China
| | - Xinran Li
- Shanghai Key laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, 200438 Shanghai, China
| | - Xinlian Zhang
- Shanghai Key laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, 200438 Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Duan
- Shanghai Key laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, 200438 Shanghai, China
| | - Houwei Lin
- Jiaxing University, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Women and Children Hospital, 2468 East Zhonghuan Road, 314050 Jiaxing, China
| | - Sixiu Liu
- Shanghai Key laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, 200438 Shanghai, China.
| | - Guodong Sui
- Shanghai Key laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, 200438 Shanghai, China.
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Contini G, Frediani S, Pardi V, Diomedi-Camassei F, Inserra A. Cystic Dysplasia of the Rete Testis: Case Report and Systematic Review of the Literature. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:898038. [PMID: 35664872 PMCID: PMC9158335 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.898038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic dysplasia of the rete testis (CDRT) is a rare cause of testicular masses in children. The pathogenesis of this malformation remains unclear. It is often associated with other genitourinary anomalies, commonly presenting as agenesis or dysplasia of the ipsilateral kidney. A case involving a 9-year-old boy with a testicular lesion and ipsilateral renal agenesis, who was diagnosed with CDRT after histological examination, is reported. In addition, a systematic review of the literature was performed to better understand this pathology to design the most appropriate treatment and follow-up strategy for patients with CDRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Contini
- General and Thoracic Pediatric Surgery Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Frediani
- General and Thoracic Pediatric Surgery Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Valerio Pardi
- General and Thoracic Pediatric Surgery Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Diomedi-Camassei
- Pathology Unit, Department of Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Inserra
- General and Thoracic Pediatric Surgery Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
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Fuchs ME, Atkinson TH, DaJusta DG. Cystic Dysplasia of the Testis in an Intraabdominal Undescended Testicle. Urol Case Rep 2017; 13:143-144. [PMID: 28567330 PMCID: PMC5440276 DOI: 10.1016/j.eucr.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic dysplasia of the testis is a rare, benign pathologic finding. We present two recent cases of cystic dysplasia of the testis to our practice. The first case involves an 11 month old male presenting with a non-palpable, intra-abdominal left testis. The second case involves a 7 year old male with left scrotal swelling and a history of left renal agenesis. After review of the literature, the first case represents the first report of cystic dysplasia of the testis in an undescended, intra-abdominal testicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly E Fuchs
- Nationwide Children's Hospital, Division of Urology, USA
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Nistal M, Paniagua R, González-Peramato P, Reyes-Múgica M. Perspectives in Pediatric Pathology, Chapter 11. Testicular Pathology of Hamartomatous Origin. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2016; 19:1-11. [PMID: 25105448 DOI: 10.2350/14-04-1472-pb.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The term hamartoma was coined by Albrecht in 1904 from the Greek μαρτ-άνω, to go wrong [ 1 ]. Hamartoma is currently used to name nonneoplastic lesions composed of disorganized tissue indigenous to the site where it is found. In the testis, this refers to abnormal/excessive development of structures that usually form part of the gonadal parenchyma, epididymis, or spermatic cord. We include the following as hamartomatous lesions of the testis and sperm excretory ducts: cystic dysplasia of the rete testis, rete testis hamartomas, fetal gonadoblastoid testicular dysplasia (FGTD), Sertoli cell nodules, tubular hamartomas, congenital testicular and epididymal lymphangiectasis, and smooth muscle hyperplasia of paratesticular structures. These hamartomas are always benign, but their importance resides in their association with specific disorders, or as markers of complex syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Nistal
- 1 Department of Pathology, Hospital La Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle Arzobispo Morcillo No. 2, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Ricardo Paniagua
- 2 Department of Cell Biology, Universidad de Alcala, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar González-Peramato
- 1 Department of Pathology, Hospital La Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle Arzobispo Morcillo No. 2, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Miguel Reyes-Múgica
- 3 Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, One Children's Hospital Drive, 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
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Hess RA. Disruption of estrogen receptor signaling and similar pathways in the efferent ductules and initial segment of the epididymis. SPERMATOGENESIS 2014; 4:e979103. [PMID: 26413389 PMCID: PMC4581051 DOI: 10.4161/21565562.2014.979103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Seminiferous tubular atrophy may involve indirectly the disruption of estrogen receptor-α (ESR1) function in efferent ductules of the testis. ESR1 helps to maintain fluid resorption by the ductal epithelium and the inhibition or stimulation of this activity in rodent species will lead to fluid accumulation in the lumen. If not resolved, the abnormal buildup of fluid in the head of the epididymis and efferent ductules becomes a serious problem for the testis, as it leads to an increase in testis weight, tubular dilation and seminiferous epithelial degeneration, as well as testicular atrophy. The same sequence of pathogenesis occurs if the efferent ductule lumen becomes occluded. This review provides an introduction to the role of estrogen in the male reproductive tract but focuses on the various overlapping mechanisms that could induce efferent ductule dysfunction and fluid backpressure histopathology. Although efferent ductules are difficult to find, their inclusion in routine histological evaluations is recommended, as morphological images of these delicate tubules may be essential for understanding the mechanism of testicular injury, especially if dilations are observed in the rete testis and/or seminiferous tubules. Signature Lesion: The rete testis and efferent ductules can appear dilated, as if the lumens were greatly expanded with excess fluid or the accumulation of sperm. Because the efferent ductules resorb most of the fluid arriving from the rete testis lumen, one of two mechanisms is likely to be involved: a) reduced fluid uptake, which has been caused by the disruption in estrogen receptor signaling or associated pathways; or b) an increased rate of fluid resorption, which results in luminal occlusion. Both mechanisms can lead to a temporary increase in testicular weight, tubular dilation and atrophy of the seminiferous tubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rex A Hess
- Reproductive Biology & Toxicology; Department of Comparative Biosciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Illinois ; Urbana, IL USA
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Martin GL, Cassell ILS, deMello DE, Ritchey ML. Neonatal orchitis mimicking cystic dysplasia of the testis. Pediatr Radiol 2010; 40 Suppl 1:S21-3. [PMID: 20437173 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-010-1676-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2009] [Revised: 02/23/2010] [Accepted: 03/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Neonatal orchitis is an extremely rare disease, usually related to a congenital genitourinary anomaly. We present a 36 weeks' gestation infant who presented at 3 days old with a firm and enlarged right testicle. Testicular US revealed a heterogeneous right testicle with numerous cystic spaces as well as decreased testicular blood flow. The clinical concerns included testicular tumor and cystic dysplasia of the testis because of concurrent renal dysplasia. The scrotal/testicular area was without tenderness or overlying erythema. Radical inguinal orchiectomy revealed diffuse gram-negative orchitis.This case represents an atypical presentation of orchitis. This entity should be added to the differential diagnoses of testicular mass in the neonate even in the absence of physical findings suggestive of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- George L Martin
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, 5777 E. Mayo Blvd., Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA.
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Nistal M, González-Peramato P, Sousa G, García-Cabezas MA, Rodríguez JI, Cajaiba MM. Cystic dysplasia of the epididymis: a disorder of mesonephric differentiation associated with renal maldevelopment. Virchows Arch 2010; 456:695-702. [PMID: 20361206 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-010-0906-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2010] [Revised: 03/10/2010] [Accepted: 03/11/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence of congenital epididymal malformations with a cystic component has not been fully characterized. Most epididymal cysts occur later in life and are likely acquired. In addition, congenital malformations of the male excretory system are extremely uncommon in fetuses and neonates, and epididymal dysplastic changes have not been reported in these cases. In this study, we report 20 cases (including 19 fetal/neonatal autopsies and one surgical specimen from an older child) showing the same spectrum of histological findings in the epididymis, characterized by cystic ductal dilation with dysplastic ducts of variable diameters and irregular shapes, with ill-defined walls. Efferent ductules also showed dysplastic features. In addition, 18 cases had either renal and/or urinary tract anomalies, including renal dysplasia (eight), pelvicaliceal dilation (eight), renal agenesis (four) and hypoplasia (one), ureteral agenesis (two) and hypoplasia (one), urethra and bladder agenesis (two), prostate agenesis (two), and autosomal recessive polycystic renal disease (two). Our observations led to the recognition of a peculiar, not previously described congenital lesion of the epididymis, and we propose the term cystic dysplasia of the epididymis for this anomaly. Similar to what is observed in other male genital system anomalies (including malformations of the rete testis, vas deferens, and seminal vesicles), most lesions occurred in association with renal and/or urinary tract malformations, suggesting a spectrum of congenital malformations. The shared embryological origin of these structures may explain their simultaneous occurrence, possibly related to disrupted mesonephric duct development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Nistal
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitário La Paz, Madrid, Spain
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Quantitative trait locus analysis of ovarian cysts derived from rete ovarii in MRL/MpJ mice. Mamm Genome 2010; 21:162-71. [PMID: 20182879 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-010-9254-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2009] [Accepted: 02/09/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
MRL/MpJ (MRL) is a model mouse for autoimmune diseases such as dermatitis, vasculitis, arthritis, and glomerulonephritis. In addition to these immune-associated disorders, we found that older MRL mice develop ovarian cysts originating from the rete ovarii, which is lined by ciliated or nonciliated epithelium and considered remnants of mesonephric tubules. Ovarian cysts, which are reported to have several sources, are associated with female infertility, but information regarding the genetic etiology of ovarian cysts originating from the rete ovarii is rare. In this study, to elucidate the genetic background of development of ovarian cysts, we performed quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis using 120 microsatellite markers, which cover the whole genome of murine chromosomes, and 213 backcross progenies between female MRL and male C57BL/6N mice. The quantitative trait measured was the circumferences of rete ovarii or ovarian cysts. As a result, suggestive linkages were detected on Chrs 3, 4, 6, and 11, but significant linkages were located on Chr 14 by interval mapping. We thereby designated the 27.5-cM region of Chr 14 "MRL Rete Ovarian Cysts (mroc)." The peak regions of Chrs 4 and 14 in particular showed a close additive interaction (p < 0.00001). From these results we concluded that multiple loci on Chrs 3, 4, 6, 11, and 14 interact to result in development of ovarian cysts in MRL mice.
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Cystic dysplasia of the rete testis: a case of spontaneous regression and review of published reports. Urology 2009; 75:687-90. [PMID: 19660799 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2009.05.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2009] [Revised: 05/10/2009] [Accepted: 05/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Cystic dysplasia of the rete testis (CDT) is a rare benign testicular tumor. We present the second case of spontaneous regression in a 9-year-old boy and summarize the findings of 48 cases in published reports. The most common presentation is scrotal and/or testicular swelling. Common associated renal tract anomalies include ipsilateral renal agenesis and multicystic dysplastic kidney. In 13% of patients, no associated renal anomalies were observed. Orchidectomy was performed in 65% of patients (n = 31) and testicular-sparing surgery, that is, enucleation in 15% (n = 8). In 5 of these 8 patients, recurrence was noted. In a further 12% of patients (n = 5), cystic dysplasia of the rete testis was treated with surveillance. At present, there is no clear consensus on treatment. The conservative approach of "watch and wait" may be supported by this case of spontaneous regression.
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González López R, Bueno Serrano G, García Navas R, Díez Nicolás V, Julián Vázquez Escuderos J, Mayor de Castro J. [Cystic displasia of the testis. Review of literature]. Actas Urol Esp 2009; 33:386-9. [PMID: 19579889 DOI: 10.1016/s0210-4806(09)74164-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Review this pathology nowadays. METHODS We search in Medline/PubMed database for reviews about cystic dysplasia of the testis. We review and discuss the relevant literature about it. RESULTS Cystic dysplasia of the testis (CDT) is a rare benign disease, associated with upper urinary tract malformations. Its most frequent clinical manifestation is the increase of testicular size; the presence of cysts is demonstrated by ultrasound. No consensus exists in its treatment, it oftenly requires histological confirmation, performing testicle-sparing surgery. CONCLUSION CDT needs to be taken into account in the differential diagnosis of childhood testicular tumors.
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McGee SM, Hutcheson JC, Vandersteen DR, Reinberg Y, Wolpert JJ. Cystic Dysplasia of Testis Associated With Ectopic Ureter Causing Chronic Orchalgia. Urology 2009; 73:1423.e7-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2008.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2007] [Revised: 02/29/2008] [Accepted: 04/09/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Hahn KL, Beres B, Rowton MJ, Skinner MK, Chang Y, Rawls A, Wilson-Rawls J. A deficiency of lunatic fringe is associated with cystic dilation of the rete testis. Reproduction 2008; 137:79-93. [PMID: 18801836 DOI: 10.1530/rep-08-0207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Lunatic fringe belongs to a family of beta1-3 N-acetyltransferases that modulate the affinity of the Notch receptors for their ligands through the elongation of O-fucose moieties on their extracellular domain. A role for Notch signaling in vertebrate fertility has been predicted by the intricate expression of the Notch receptors and their ligands in the oocyte and granulosa cells of the ovary and the spermatozoa and Sertoli cells of the testis. It has been demonstrated that disruption of Notch signaling by inactivation of lunatic fringe led to infertility associated with pleiotropic defects in follicle development and meiotic maturation of oocytes. Lunatic fringe null males were found to be subfertile. Here, we report that gene expression data demonstrate that fringe and Notch signaling genes are expressed in the developing testis and the intratesticular ductal tract, predicting roles for this pathway during embryonic gonadogenesis and spermatogenesis. Spermatogenesis was not impaired in the majority of the lunatic fringe null males; however, spermatozoa were unilaterally absent in the epididymis of many mice. Histological and immunohistochemical analysis of these testes revealed the development of unilateral cystic dilation of the rete testis. Tracer dye experiments confirm a block in the connection between the rete testis and the efferent ducts. Further, the dye studies demonstrated that many lunatic fringe mutant males had partial blocks of the connection between the rete testis and the efferent ducts bilaterally.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Hahn
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-4501, USA
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Bouron-Dal Soglio D, Harvey I, Jovanovic M, Oligny LL, Fournet JC. Bilateral cystic dysplasia of the rete testis with renal adysplasia. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2006; 9:157-60. [PMID: 16822083 DOI: 10.2350/08-05-0086.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2005] [Accepted: 10/12/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cystic dyplasia of the rete testis (CDRT) is an uncommon, generally unilateral lesion characterized by anastomosing cystic spaces lined by a flattened simple cuboidal epithelium in the rete testis. In the literature this lesion often is associated with an ipsilateral urogenital lesion such as renal agenesia or multicystic dysplasia of the kidney, in order of frequency. The pathogenesis is explained by some authors by their common embryologic origin. We are reporting the finding of bilateral CDRT associated with ultrasound-diagnosed renal adysplasia in a 20-week gestational age fetus with oligohydramnios. Although CDRT has been referred to as being associated with multicystic renal dysplasia or renal agenesis, the present case appears to be unique in combining all the malformations together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothée Bouron-Dal Soglio
- Department of Pathology, Hôpital Sainte-Justine, 3175 chemin de la Côte-Ste-Catherine, Montréal, Québec H3T 1C5, Canada
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Cottone JL, Redman JF. Cystic dysplasia of the testis with terminal ureterectasis and renal absence: evidence of involution of a dysplastic kidney? South Med J 2003; 96:56-7. [PMID: 12602716 DOI: 10.1097/01.smj.0000047842.84124.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cystic dysplasia of the testis is a rare congenital anomaly, only 29 cases having been previously reported. We report a case of cystic dysplasia of the testis and absent ipsilateral kidney, but an ipsilateral ectatic terminal ureter, suggesting involution of a dysplastic kidney as a reason for the apparent renal agenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph L Cottone
- Department of Urology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, and Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, AR 72205-7199, USA
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