Bryant HU, Lowy MT, Malven PV, Steele TD, Yim GK. Effects of 2% sodium chloride imbibition on various opiate related hyperphagic conditions.
Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1985;
23:391-5. [PMID:
2864702 DOI:
10.1016/0091-3057(85)90011-5]
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Abstract
Dynorphin is one of the most potent appetite stimulants among the endogenous opioids. In this study, we describe the anorexic effects of 5 days of forced 2% NaCl drinking in rats, a regimen which depletes vasopressin as well as dynorphin in the neurohypophysis. Feeding induced by direct activation of kappa-opioid receptors with ketocyclazocine was unaffected by the NaCl regimen. However, 2% NaCl imbibition reduced 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) induced feeding by 65% and spontaneous nocturnal feeding by 38%. Feeding subsequent to 24 hour food deprivation was not decreased. Naloxone-resistant hyperphagia induced by insulin and spontaneous daytime feeding were also not reduced. The combination of naloxone (3.0 mg/kg) and the NaCl regimen produced an additional 50% reduction in 2-DG induced feeding and an extra 40% decrease in nocturnal feeding. Naloxone, given with 2% NaCl to food deprived animals, retained its appetite suppressing activity, indicating that the NaCl regimen did not deplete the endogenous opioid which mediates food deprivation hyperphagia. These results demonstrate that 2% NaCl imbibition suppresses certain opioid mediated hyperphagias. However, the failure of 2% NaCl to affect all of the naloxone-sensitive types of feeding and the independence of naloxone-sensitive and NaCl-sensitive components suggests that NaCl drinking does not deplete dynorphin in the brain areas which mediate opiate-sensitive hyperphagias.
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