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Zhu B, Yamasaki Y, Yasuda T, Qian C, Qiu Z, Nagamine M, Ueda H, Kitaguchi T. Customizable OpenGUS immunoassay: A homogeneous detection system using β-glucuronidase switch and label-free antibody. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 267:116796. [PMID: 39316870 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
We developed a customizable OpenGUS immunoassay that enables rapid and sensitive detection of analytes without requiring antibody modification. This immunoassay employs label-free whole antibodies, an antibody-binding Z domain (ZD) derived from Staphylococcal protein A, and a β-glucuronidase (GUS) switch mutant, allowing for easy replacement of antibodies to tailor the immunoassays for various targeted antigens. The working principle is that the OpenGUS probe, the fusion protein of ZD and a GUS switch, converts the antibody-antigen interaction into GUS activation in a one-pot reaction. To enhance the signal-to-background ratio of the immunoassay, a GUS switch mutant that exhibits reduced background activation was developed by screening several additional mutations at the diagonal interface residue H514. Moreover, we optimized the composition of the reaction buffer, including organic solvents, salt, and surfactant. Under optimal conditions, we customized OpenGUS immunoassays for Cry j 1, human C-reactive protein, and human lactoferrin, achieving around 10-20-fold maximum fluorescence (15 min) or colorimetric (2 h) responses with picomolar to low nanomolar level detection limit, simply by using commercially available IgGs. Additionally, the three analytes were successfully detected in complex matrices similar to those used in practical applications. We believe that this customizable OpenGUS immunoassay will pave the way for the prompt development of rapid and sensitive homogeneous immunoassays for point-of-care diagnostics, high-throughput testing, and onsite environmental assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhu
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Takanobu Yasuda
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Cheng Qian
- Graduate School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Zhirou Qiu
- Graduate School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Mitsue Nagamine
- Institute for Liberal Arts, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ueda
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kitaguchi
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan.
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2
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Chang L, Perez A. AlphaFold2 knows some protein folding principles. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.25.609581. [PMID: 39253449 PMCID: PMC11383045 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.25.609581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
AlphaFold2 (AF2) has revolutionized protein structure prediction. However, a common confusion lies in equating the protein structure prediction problem with the protein folding problem. The former provides a static structure, while the latter explains the dynamic folding pathway to that structure. We challenge the current status quo and advocate that AF2 has indeed learned some protein folding principles, despite being designed for structure prediction. AF2's high-dimensional parameters encode an imperfect biophysical scoring function. Typically, AF2 uses multiple sequence alignments (MSAs) to guide the search within a narrow region of its learned surface. In our study, we operate AF2 without MSAs or initial templates, forcing it to sample its entire energy landscape - more akin to an ab initio approach. Among over 7,000 proteins, a fraction fold using sequence alone, highlighting the smoothness of AF2's learned energy surface. Additionally, by combining recycling and iterative predictions, we discover multiple AF2 intermediate structures in good agreement with known experimental data. AF2 appears to follow a "local first, global later" folding mechanism. For designed proteins with more optimized local interactions, AF2's energy landscape is too smooth to detect intermediates even when it should. Our current work sheds new light on what AF2 has learned and opens exciting possibilities to advance our understanding of protein folding and for experimental discovery of folding intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Chang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville & 32611, United States
| | - Alberto Perez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville & 32611, United States
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3
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Dai W, Zhan M, Gao Y, Sun H, Zou Y, Laurent R, Mignani S, Majoral JP, Shen M, Shi X. Brain delivery of fibronectin through bioactive phosphorous dendrimers for Parkinson's disease treatment via cooperative modulation of microglia. Bioact Mater 2024; 38:45-54. [PMID: 38699237 PMCID: PMC11061646 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Effective treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD), a prevalent central neurodegenerative disorder particularly affecting the elderly population, still remains a huge challenge. We present here a novel nanomedicine formulation based on bioactive hydroxyl-terminated phosphorous dendrimers (termed as AK123) complexed with fibronectin (FN) with anti-inflammatory and antioxidative activities. The created optimized AK123/FN nanocomplexes (NCs) with a size of 223 nm display good colloidal stability in aqueous solution and can be specifically taken up by microglia through FN-mediated targeting. We show that the AK123/FN NCs are able to consume excessive reactive oxygen species, promote microglia M2 polarization and inhibit the nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathway to downregulate inflammatory factors. With the abundant dendrimer surface hydroxyl terminal groups, the developed NCs are able to cross blood-brain barrier (BBB) to exert targeted therapy of a PD mouse model through the AK123-mediated anti-inflammation for M2 polarization of microglia and FN-mediated antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, thus reducing the aggregation of α-synuclein and restoring the contents of dopamine and tyrosine hydroxylase to normal levels in vivo. The developed dendrimer/FN NCs combine the advantages of BBB-crossing hydroxyl-terminated bioactive per se phosphorus dendrimers and FN, which is expected to be extended for the treatment of different neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waicong Dai
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, PR China
| | - Mengsi Zhan
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, PR China
| | - Yue Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, PR China
| | - Huxiao Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, PR China
| | - Yu Zou
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, 205 Route de Narbonne, CEDEX 4, 31077, Toulouse, France
- Université Toulouse, 118 Route de Narbonne, CEDEX 4, 31077, Toulouse, France
| | - Régis Laurent
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, 205 Route de Narbonne, CEDEX 4, 31077, Toulouse, France
- Université Toulouse, 118 Route de Narbonne, CEDEX 4, 31077, Toulouse, France
| | - Serge Mignani
- CQM-Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Jean-Pierre Majoral
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, 205 Route de Narbonne, CEDEX 4, 31077, Toulouse, France
- Université Toulouse, 118 Route de Narbonne, CEDEX 4, 31077, Toulouse, France
| | - Mingwu Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, PR China
| | - Xiangyang Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, PR China
- CQM-Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9020-105, Funchal, Portugal
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Bonadio JD, Bashiri G, Halligan P, Kegel M, Ahmed F, Wang K. Delivery technologies for therapeutic targeting of fibronectin in autoimmunity and fibrosis applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 209:115303. [PMID: 38588958 PMCID: PMC11111362 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Fibronectin (FN) is a critical component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) contributing to various physiological processes, including tissue repair and immune response regulation. FN regulates various cellular functions such as adhesion, proliferation, migration, differentiation, and cytokine release. Alterations in FN expression, deposition, and molecular structure can profoundly impact its interaction with other ECM proteins, growth factors, cells, and associated signaling pathways, thus influencing the progress of diseases such as fibrosis and autoimmune disorders. Therefore, developing therapeutics that directly target FN or its interaction with cells and other ECM components can be an intriguing approach to address autoimmune and fibrosis pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob D Bonadio
- Department of Bioengineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ghazal Bashiri
- Department of Bioengineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Patrick Halligan
- Department of Bioengineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Michael Kegel
- Department of Bioengineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Fatima Ahmed
- Department of Bioengineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Karin Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
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Zhu N, Smallwood PM, Rattner A, Chang TH, Williams J, Wang Y, Nathans J. Utility of protein-protein binding surfaces composed of anti-parallel alpha-helices and beta-sheets selected by phage display. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107283. [PMID: 38608728 PMCID: PMC11107207 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past 3 decades, a diverse collection of small protein domains have been used as scaffolds to generate general purpose protein-binding reagents using a variety of protein display and enrichment technologies. To expand the repertoire of scaffolds and protein surfaces that might serve this purpose, we have explored the utility of (i) a pair of anti-parallel alpha-helices in a small highly disulfide-bonded 4-helix bundle, the CC4 domain from reversion-inducing Cysteine-rich Protein with Kazal Motifs and (ii) a concave beta-sheet surface and two adjacent loops in the human FN3 domain, the scaffold for the widely used monobody platform. Using M13 phage display and next generation sequencing, we observe that, in both systems, libraries of ∼30 million variants contain binding proteins with affinities in the low μM range for baits corresponding to the extracellular domains of multiple mammalian proteins. CC4- and FN3-based binding proteins were fused to the N- and/or C-termini of Fc domains and used for immunostaining of transfected cells. Additionally, FN3-based binding proteins were inserted into VP1 of AAV to direct AAV infection to cells expressing a defined surface receptor. Finally, FN3-based binding proteins were inserted into the Pvc13 tail fiber protein of an extracellular contractile injection system particle to direct protein cargo delivery to cells expressing a defined surface receptor. These experiments support the utility of CC4 helices B and C and of FN3 beta-strands C, D, and F together with adjacent loops CD and FG as surfaces for engineering general purpose protein-binding reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningyu Zhu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Philip M Smallwood
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Amir Rattner
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Tao-Hsin Chang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - John Williams
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Yanshu Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Jeremy Nathans
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.
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Guerrero-Barberà G, Burday N, Costell M. Shaping Oncogenic Microenvironments: Contribution of Fibronectin. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1363004. [PMID: 38660622 PMCID: PMC11039881 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1363004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex network of proteins and glycans, dynamically remodeled and specifically tailored to the structure/function of each organ. The malignant transformation of cancer cells is determined by both cell intrinsic properties, such as mutations, and extrinsic variables, such as the mixture of surrounding cells in the tumor microenvironment and the biophysics of the ECM. During cancer progression, the ECM undergoes extensive remodeling, characterized by disruption of the basal lamina, vascular endothelial cell invasion, and development of fibrosis in and around the tumor cells resulting in increased tissue stiffness. This enhanced rigidity leads to aberrant mechanotransduction and further malignant transformation potentiating the de-differentiation, proliferation and invasion of tumor cells. Interestingly, this fibrotic microenvironment is primarily secreted and assembled by non-cancerous cells. Among them, the cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play a central role. CAFs massively produce fibronectin together with type I collagen. This review delves into the primary interactions and signaling pathways through which fibronectin can support tumorigenesis and metastasis, aiming to provide critical molecular insights for better therapy response prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mercedes Costell
- Departament of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institut Universitari de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
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Zhang Q, Wang X, Zheng J, Lü Q, Li R, Jia X, Gu M. Heterozygous variants of NOD2, IL10RA, PLA2G6 and COL7A1 correlate with Crohn's disease. Heliyon 2024; 10:e22968. [PMID: 38163100 PMCID: PMC10754897 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
To identify candidate pathogenic genes of early-stage Crohn's disease (CD) and predict potential roles of genetic factors in CD, we performed whole exome sequencing on a child with early-stage Crohn's disease (CD) and her parents (core family), found that the patient carried heterozygous variants of 4 genes: NOD2 c. 2257 C > T, IL10RA c. 301 C > T, PLA2G6 c. 2029 C > T, COL7A1 c. 3190 G > A. Heterozygous variants of NOD2, IL10RA, PLA2G6 and COL7A1, intestinal inflammatory response is triggered, normal intestinal wall tissue damage, leading to CD phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Qiang Lü
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Medicine Research, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Rongrong Li
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Medicine Research, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Xiaodong Jia
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Medicine Research, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Mingliang Gu
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Medicine Research, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
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8
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El Badaoui L, Barr AJ. Analysis of Receptor-Type Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Extracellular Regions with Insights from AlphaFold. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:820. [PMID: 38255894 PMCID: PMC10815196 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatases (RPTPs) are involved in a wide variety of physiological functions which are mediated via their diverse extracellular regions. They play key roles in cell-cell contacts, bind various ligands and are regulated by dimerization and other processes. Depending on the subgroup, they have been described as everything from 'rigid rods' to 'floppy tentacles'. Here, we review current experimental structural knowledge on the extracellular region of RPTPs and draw on AlphaFold structural predictions to provide further insights into structure and function of these cellular signalling molecules, which are often mutated in disease and are recognised as drug targets. In agreement with experimental data, AlphaFold predicted structures for extracellular regions of R1, and R2B subgroup RPTPs have an extended conformation, whereas R2B RPTPs are twisted, reflecting their high flexibility. For the R3 PTPs, AlphaFold predicts that members of this subgroup adopt an extended conformation while others are twisted, and that certain members, such as CD148, have one or more large, disordered loop regions in place of fibronectin type 3 domains suggested by sequence analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alastair J. Barr
- School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish Street, London W1W 6UW, UK;
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Asakura T, Naito A. Bombyx mori Silk Fibroin and Model Peptides Incorporating Arg-Gly-Asp Motifs and Their Application in Wound Dressings. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:18594-18604. [PMID: 38060376 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Skin plays an important role in protecting the human body from the environment, dehydration, and infection. Burns, wounds, and disease cause the skin to lose its role, but tissue-engineered skin substitutes offer the opportunity to restore skin loss. Silk fibroin from Bombyx mori (SF) has proven to be an excellent wound dressing material. In this study, we aim to develop an excellent wound dressing material by introducing three-residue sequence Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD), which is the most well-known adhesion site of fibronectin, in the films of SF and the model peptide. Its usefulness as a wound dressing material was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. First, we showed that the flexible structures of the RGD sequence are still maintained in SF with a rigid antiparallel β-sheet structure using NMR in association with excellent wound dressings of SF containing RGD. Then, in in vitro experiments, two types of normal cells derived from human skin, normal human neonatal epidermal keratinocytes and normal human neonatal dermal fibroblasts, were used to evaluate the cell adhesion. On the other hand, in in vivo experiments, the study was conducted using a rat model of a whole skin layer defect wound. The results showed that the high-functionalized SF developed here has the potential to play a significant role in the field of wound dressings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Asakura
- Department of Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Akira Naito
- Department of Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
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10
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Hiroshima K, Sakata N, Konogami T, Shimamoto S, Hidaka Y. The Cell Adhesion Activity of the Joining Peptide of Proopiomelanocortin. Molecules 2023; 28:7754. [PMID: 38067484 PMCID: PMC10707936 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Proopiomelanocortin (POMC) is a precursor protein of several peptide hormones, such as ACTH and β-endorphin. Almost all of the peptide hormones in POMC have been drastically investigated in terms of their biological activities. However, the biological activity of the joining peptide region (JP) in POMC is unknown. Therefore, to explore the biological activity of JP, sequence analyses of mammalian POMC were performed. We found an -Arg-Gly-Asp- (RGD) motif in several mammalian species, such as porcine, suggesting that JP has cell adhesion activity. To validate this hypothesis, the cell adhesion activities of the synthetic porcine JP peptides were examined using 293T cells. Cell adhesions were observed in a concentration-dependent manner of the JP peptides. In addition, the JP peptide competitively inhibited cell adhesion to the POMC-coated plates. Moreover, the cell adhesion activity of the joining peptide was inhibited by the addition of EDTA, indicating that the JP peptide mediates the cell adhesion activity via a receptor protein, integrin. Interestingly, a human JP peptide, which possesses an -Arg-Ser-Asp- (RSD) sequence in place of the RGD sequence, exhibited a higher ability in the cell adhesion activity than that of the porcine JP peptide, suggesting that the cell adhesion activity of the joining peptide is developed during the molecular evolution of POMC. In conclusion, our results reveal that the joining peptide in POMC plays an important role during cell adhesion and provide useful information related to signal transduction of nerve peptide hormones derived from POMC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Shigeru Shimamoto
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Yuji Hidaka
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
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11
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Fedorov D, Roas-Escalona N, Tolmachev D, Harmat AL, Scacchi A, Sammalkorpi M, Aranko AS, Linder MB. Triblock Proteins with Weakly Dimerizing Terminal Blocks and an Intrinsically Disordered Region for Rational Design of Condensate Properties. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2306817. [PMID: 37964343 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Condensates are molecular assemblies that are formed through liquid-liquid phase separation and play important roles in many biological processes. The rational design of condensate formation and their properties is central to applications, such as biosynthetic materials, synthetic biology, and for understanding cell biology. Protein engineering is used to make a triblock structure with varying terminal blocks of folded proteins on both sides of an intrinsically disordered mid-region. Dissociation constants are determined in the range of micromolar to millimolar for a set of proteins suitable for use as terminal blocks. Varying the weak dimerization of terminal blocks leads to an adjustable tendency for condensate formation while keeping the intrinsically disordered region constant. The dissociation constants of the terminal domains correlate directly with the tendency to undergo liquid-liquid phase separation. Differences in physical properties, such as diffusion rate are not directly correlated with the strength of dimerization but can be understood from the properties and interplay of the constituent blocks. The work demonstrates the importance of weak interactions in condensate formation and shows a principle for protein design that will help in fabricating functional condensates in a predictable and rational way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitrii Fedorov
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, Aalto, FI-00076, Finland
- Center of Excellence in Life-Inspired Hybrid Materials (LIBER), Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, Aalto, FI-00076, Finland
| | - Nelmary Roas-Escalona
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, Aalto, FI-00076, Finland
- Center of Excellence in Life-Inspired Hybrid Materials (LIBER), Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, Aalto, FI-00076, Finland
| | - Dmitry Tolmachev
- Center of Excellence in Life-Inspired Hybrid Materials (LIBER), Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, Aalto, FI-00076, Finland
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, Aalto, FI-00076, Finland
| | - Adam L Harmat
- Center of Excellence in Life-Inspired Hybrid Materials (LIBER), Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, Aalto, FI-00076, Finland
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, Aalto, FI-00076, Finland
| | - Alberto Scacchi
- Center of Excellence in Life-Inspired Hybrid Materials (LIBER), Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, Aalto, FI-00076, Finland
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, Aalto, FI-00076, Finland
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 11000, Aalto, FI-00076, Finland
| | - Maria Sammalkorpi
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, Aalto, FI-00076, Finland
- Center of Excellence in Life-Inspired Hybrid Materials (LIBER), Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, Aalto, FI-00076, Finland
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, Aalto, FI-00076, Finland
| | - A Sesilja Aranko
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, Aalto, FI-00076, Finland
- Center of Excellence in Life-Inspired Hybrid Materials (LIBER), Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, Aalto, FI-00076, Finland
| | - Markus B Linder
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, Aalto, FI-00076, Finland
- Center of Excellence in Life-Inspired Hybrid Materials (LIBER), Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, Aalto, FI-00076, Finland
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12
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Fulton DA, Dura G, Peters DT. The polymer and materials science of the bacterial fimbriae Caf1. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:7229-7246. [PMID: 37791425 PMCID: PMC10628683 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm01075a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Fimbriae are long filamentous polymeric protein structures located upon the surface of bacteria. Often implicated in pathogenicity, the biosynthesis and function of fimbriae has been a productive topic of study for many decades. Evolutionary pressures have ensured that fimbriae possess unique structural and mechanical properties which are advantageous to bacteria. These properties are also difficult to engineer with well-known synthetic and natural fibres, and this has raised an intriguing question: can we exploit the unique properties of bacterial fimbriae in useful ways? Initial work has set out to explore this question by using Capsular antigen fragment 1 (Caf1), a fimbriae expressed naturally by Yersina pestis. These fibres have evolved to 'shield' the bacterium from the immune system of an infected host, and thus are rather bioinert in nature. Caf1 is, however, very amenable to structural mutagenesis which allows the incorporation of useful bioactive functions and the modulation of the fibre's mechanical properties. Its high-yielding recombinant synthesis also ensures plentiful quantities of polymer are available to drive development. These advantageous features make Caf1 an archetype for the development of new polymers and materials based upon bacterial fimbriae. Here, we cover recent advances in this new field, and look to future possibilities of this promising biopolymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Fulton
- Chemistry-School of Natural Science and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
| | - Gema Dura
- Chemistry-School of Natural Science and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica Orgánica y Bioquímica Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas-IRICAAvda, C. J. Cela, 10, Ciudad Real 13071, Spain
| | - Daniel T Peters
- Biosciences Institute, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
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Hou C, Lei Y, Li N, Wei M, Wang S, Rahman SU, Bao C, Bao B, Elango J, Wu W. Collagen from Iris squid grafted with polyethylene glycol and collagen peptides promote the proliferation of fibroblast through PI3K/AKT and Ras/RAF/MAPK signaling pathways. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 247:125772. [PMID: 37429348 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Collagens from marine sources have been used widely in food, cosmetics and tissue engineering application due to their excellent functional and biological properties. In the present study, a novel protein, collagen from iris squid skin (SSC) was characterized, grafted with polyethylene-glycol (PEG) and Acid-Green 20 (AG) and was investigated the molecular signaling pathways in L-929 fibroblast cells along with their structural peptide analogs. SDS-PAGE and IR spectrum of SSC analysis showed the typical structure of type I collagen. The fibroblast proliferation was evaluated for SSC, SSC grafted PEG (SSC-PEG) and their structural analogs including Gly-Pro-Leu-Gly-Leu-Leu (PEP1), Gly-Pro-Leu-Gly-Leu-Leu-Gly-Phe-Leu (PEP2), Gly-Pro-Leu-Gly-Leu-Leu-Gly-Phe-Leu-Gly-Pro-Leu (PEP3) and Gly-Pro-Leu-Gly-Leu-Leu-Gly-Phe-Leu-Gly-Pro-Leu-Gly-Leu-Ser (PEP4). The optimal concentration of SSC and its derivative was 0.07 μ mol/L. The fibroblast growth-promoting factors were promoted by all the treatment groups by accelerating the PI3K/AKT and Ras/RAF/MAPK signaling pathways in L-929 cells, and inhibiting the secretion of apoptotic factors. Compared to the control group, mRNA and protein expression of AKT in the PI3K/AKT and Ras in Ras/RAF/MAPK signaling pathway were accelerated significantly by PEP4, respectively, while the Bax value was significantly lower (P < 0.01). The promoting effect of PEP1, PEP2, PEP3 and PEP4 on L-929 cells was closely related to the length of the peptides. Therefore, this study disclosed that PEP1, PEP2, PEP3 and PEP4 were novel analogs that greatly promote the proliferation of L-929 cells through PI3K/AKT and Ras/RAF/MAPK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Hou
- Department of Marine Bio-pharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yunjia Lei
- Department of Marine Bio-pharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Na Li
- Department of Marine Bio-pharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Mingjun Wei
- Department of Marine Bio-pharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Shujun Wang
- Department of Marine Biopharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang City 222005, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Saeed Ur Rahman
- Oral Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
| | - Chunling Bao
- Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Bin Bao
- Zhoushan Marine Biological Engineering Co., Ltd, Zhoushan City 316104, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Jeevithan Elango
- Department of Marine Bio-pharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Center of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India; Department of Biomaterials Engineering, Faculty of Health Sciences, UCAM- Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, Guadalupe, 30107, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Wenhui Wu
- Department of Marine Bio-pharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
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Farooq F, Amin A, Wani UM, Lone A, Qadri RA. Shielding and nurturing: Fibronectin as a modulator of cancer drug resistance. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:1651-1669. [PMID: 37269547 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Resistance to chemotherapy and targeted therapies constitute a common hallmark of most cancers and represent a dominant factor fostering tumor relapse and metastasis. Fibronectin, an abundant extracellular matrix glycoprotein, has long been proposed to play an important role in the pathobiology of cancer. Recent research has unraveled the role of Fibronectin in the onset of chemoresistance against a variety of antineoplastic drugs including DNA-damaging agents, hormone receptor antagonists, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, microtubule destabilizing agents, etc. The current review summarizes the role played by Fibronectin in mediating drug resistance against diverse anticancer drugs. We have also discussed how the aberrant expression of Fibronectin drives the oncogenic signaling pathways ultimately leading to drug resistance through the inhibition of apoptosis, promotion of cancer cell growth and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faizah Farooq
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Asif Amin
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Umer Majeed Wani
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Asif Lone
- Department of Biochemistry, Deshbandu College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Raies A Qadri
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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Volova LT, Kotelnikov GP, Shishkovsky I, Volov DB, Ossina N, Ryabov NA, Komyagin AV, Kim YH, Alekseev DG. 3D Bioprinting of Hyaline Articular Cartilage: Biopolymers, Hydrogels, and Bioinks. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2695. [PMID: 37376340 DOI: 10.3390/polym15122695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The musculoskeletal system, consisting of bones and cartilage of various types, muscles, ligaments, and tendons, is the basis of the human body. However, many pathological conditions caused by aging, lifestyle, disease, or trauma can damage its elements and lead to severe disfunction and significant worsening in the quality of life. Due to its structure and function, articular (hyaline) cartilage is the most susceptible to damage. Articular cartilage is a non-vascular tissue with constrained self-regeneration capabilities. Additionally, treatment methods, which have proven efficacy in stopping its degradation and promoting regeneration, still do not exist. Conservative treatment and physical therapy only relieve the symptoms associated with cartilage destruction, and traditional surgical interventions to repair defects or endoprosthetics are not without serious drawbacks. Thus, articular cartilage damage remains an urgent and actual problem requiring the development of new treatment approaches. The emergence of biofabrication technologies, including three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting, at the end of the 20th century, allowed reconstructive interventions to get a second wind. Three-dimensional bioprinting creates volume constraints that mimic the structure and function of natural tissue due to the combinations of biomaterials, living cells, and signal molecules to create. In our case-hyaline cartilage. Several approaches to articular cartilage biofabrication have been developed to date, including the promising technology of 3D bioprinting. This review represents the main achievements of such research direction and describes the technological processes and the necessary biomaterials, cell cultures, and signal molecules. Special attention is given to the basic materials for 3D bioprinting-hydrogels and bioinks, as well as the biopolymers underlying the indicated products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa T Volova
- Research and Development Institute of Biotechnologies, Samara State Medical University, Chapayevskaya St. 89, 443099 Samara, Russia
| | - Gennadiy P Kotelnikov
- Research and Development Institute of Biotechnologies, Samara State Medical University, Chapayevskaya St. 89, 443099 Samara, Russia
| | - Igor Shishkovsky
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 121205, Russia
| | - Dmitriy B Volov
- Research and Development Institute of Biotechnologies, Samara State Medical University, Chapayevskaya St. 89, 443099 Samara, Russia
| | - Natalya Ossina
- Research and Development Institute of Biotechnologies, Samara State Medical University, Chapayevskaya St. 89, 443099 Samara, Russia
| | - Nikolay A Ryabov
- Research and Development Institute of Biotechnologies, Samara State Medical University, Chapayevskaya St. 89, 443099 Samara, Russia
| | - Aleksey V Komyagin
- Research and Development Institute of Biotechnologies, Samara State Medical University, Chapayevskaya St. 89, 443099 Samara, Russia
| | - Yeon Ho Kim
- RokitHealth Care Ltd., 9, Digital-ro 10-gil, Geumcheon-gu, Seoul 08514, Republic of Korea
| | - Denis G Alekseev
- Research and Development Institute of Biotechnologies, Samara State Medical University, Chapayevskaya St. 89, 443099 Samara, Russia
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16
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Fu L, Li L, Bian Q, Xue B, Jin J, Li J, Cao Y, Jiang Q, Li H. Cartilage-like protein hydrogels engineered via entanglement. Nature 2023; 618:740-747. [PMID: 37344650 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06037-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Load-bearing tissues, such as muscle and cartilage, exhibit high elasticity, high toughness and fast recovery, but have different stiffness (with cartilage being significantly stiffer than muscle)1-8. Muscle achieves its toughness through finely controlled forced domain unfolding-refolding in the muscle protein titin, whereas articular cartilage achieves its high stiffness and toughness through an entangled network comprising collagen and proteoglycans. Advancements in protein mechanics and engineering have made it possible to engineer titin-mimetic elastomeric proteins and soft protein biomaterials thereof to mimic the passive elasticity of muscle9-11. However, it is more challenging to engineer highly stiff and tough protein biomaterials to mimic stiff tissues such as cartilage, or develop stiff synthetic matrices for cartilage stem and progenitor cell differentiation12. Here we report the use of chain entanglements to significantly stiffen protein-based hydrogels without compromising their toughness. By introducing chain entanglements13 into the hydrogel network made of folded elastomeric proteins, we are able to engineer highly stiff and tough protein hydrogels, which seamlessly combine mutually incompatible mechanical properties, including high stiffness, high toughness, fast recovery and ultrahigh compressive strength, effectively converting soft protein biomaterials into stiff and tough materials exhibiting mechanical properties close to those of cartilage. Our study provides a general route towards engineering protein-based, stiff and tough biomaterials, which will find applications in biomedical engineering, such as osteochondral defect repair, and material sciences and engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linglan Fu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Drum Tower Hospital affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingyuan Bian
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Bin Xue
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Drum Tower Hospital affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayu Li
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yi Cao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Drum Tower Hospital affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbin Li
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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Wang X, Yao C, Yao X, Lin J, Li R, Huang K, Lin W, Long X, Dai C, Dong J, Yu X, Huang W, Weng W, Wang Q, Ouyang H, Cheng K. Dynamic photoelectrical regulation of ECM protein and cellular behaviors. Bioact Mater 2023; 22:168-179. [PMID: 36203959 PMCID: PMC9529514 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic regulation of cell-extracellular matrix (ECM)-material interactions is crucial for various biomedical applications. In this study, a light-activated molecular switch for the modulation of cell attachment/detachment behaviors was established on monolayer graphene (Gr)/n-type Silicon substrates (Gr/Si). Initiated by light illumination at the Gr/Si interface, pre-adsorbed proteins (bovine serum albumin, ECM proteins collagen-1, and fibronectin) underwent protonation to achieve negative charge transfer to Gr films (n-doping) through π-π interactions. This n-doping process stimulated the conformational switches of ECM proteins. The structural alterations in these ECM interactors significantly reduced the specificity of the cell surface receptor-ligand interaction (e.g., integrin recognition), leading to dynamic regulation of cell adhesion and eventual cell detachment. RNA-sequencing results revealed that the detached bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cell sheets from the Gr/Si system manifested regulated immunoregulatory properties and enhanced osteogenic differentiation, implying their potential application in bone tissue regeneration. This work not only provides a fast and feasible method for controllable cells/cell sheets harvesting but also gives new insights into the understanding of cell-ECM-material communications. A light-activated molecular switch for regulation of cell attachment/detachment behaviors was established on (Gr/Si) substrates. Light-induced charge transfer from ECM protein to Gr/Si through π-π interactions, resulting in the conformational alteration of ECM proteins. Structural changes in ECM weakened the binding between RGD and integrin, inducing cell detachment. This work provides a feasible method for cell harvesting and improves the understanding of cell-ECM-material communications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhao Wang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Department of Sports Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 314400, China
- China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed), Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Cai Yao
- School of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Xudong Yao
- International Institutes of Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. N1, Shangcheng Avenue, Yiwu, 322000, China
| | - Junxin Lin
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Department of Sports Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 314400, China
- China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed), Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Rui Li
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Department of Sports Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 314400, China
- China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed), Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Kun Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Cyrus Tang Center for Sensor Materials and Applications, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Weiming Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Cyrus Tang Center for Sensor Materials and Applications, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Xiaojun Long
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Department of Sports Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 314400, China
- China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed), Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Chao Dai
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 314400, China
| | - Jiajun Dong
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 314400, China
| | - Xuegong Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Cyrus Tang Center for Sensor Materials and Applications, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Wenwen Huang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Department of Sports Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 314400, China
- China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed), Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wenjian Weng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Cyrus Tang Center for Sensor Materials and Applications, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Qi Wang
- School of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Hongwei Ouyang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Department of Sports Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 314400, China
- China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed), Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Corresponding author. Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Kui Cheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Cyrus Tang Center for Sensor Materials and Applications, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Corresponding author.
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Gao Y, Dai W, Ouyang Z, Shen M, Shi X. Dendrimer-Mediated Intracellular Delivery of Fibronectin Guides Macrophage Polarization to Alleviate Acute Lung Injury. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:886-895. [PMID: 36668816 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c01318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Fibronectin (FN) is an essential glycoprotein in the extracellular matrix with favorable biological functions for potential applications in various biomedical fields including wound healing, regenerative medicine, tissue engineering, as well as diagnosis and treatment of cancer and inflammatory diseases. Herein, we aim to explore the influence of intracellular FN delivery on macrophage functions and its possible therapeutic applications. We prepared phenylboronic acid (PBA)-functionalized generation 5 (G5) poly(amidoamine) dendrimers (G5.NH2-PBA) as a nanocarrier to load FN, and reveal that the obtained dendrimers enable efficient intracellular delivery of FN at an optimized dendrimer-to-FN weight ratio of 8, which guides macrophages toward anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype polarization. Studies on action mechanisms show that the dendrimer-mediated FN intracellular delivery acts strongly on suppressing the nuclear factor-κB pathway, leading to reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion and enhanced reactive oxygen species depletion in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated macrophages. Further investigation in vivo using an LPS-induced mouse model of acute lung injury (ALI) shows that the dendrimer-mediated FN delivery can effectively alleviate the ALI symptoms through alleviation of lung inflammation and oxidation stress. Our work suggests a general approach to using dendrimers for mediating intracellular delivery of FN, thereby offering many opportunities to explore the biological functions of FN for different therapeutic applications toward inflammation-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Waicong Dai
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Zhijun Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Mingwu Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xiangyang Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.,CQM─Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
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Hedgehog is relayed through dynamic heparan sulfate interactions to shape its gradient. Nat Commun 2023; 14:758. [PMID: 36765094 PMCID: PMC9918555 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36450-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular differentiation is directly determined by concentration gradients of morphogens. As a central model for gradient formation during development, Hedgehog (Hh) morphogens spread away from their source to direct growth and pattern formation in Drosophila wing and eye discs. What is not known is how extracellular Hh spread is achieved and how it translates into precise gradients. Here we show that two separate binding areas located on opposite sides of the Hh molecule can interact directly and simultaneously with two heparan sulfate (HS) chains to temporarily cross-link the chains. Mutated Hh lacking one fully functional binding site still binds HS but shows reduced HS cross-linking. This, in turn, impairs Hhs ability to switch between both chains in vitro and results in striking Hh gradient hypomorphs in vivo. The speed and propensity of direct Hh switching between HS therefore shapes the Hh gradient, revealing a scalable design principle in morphogen-patterned tissues.
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20
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Kanta J, Zavadakova A, Sticova E, Dubsky M. Fibronectin in hyperglycaemia and its potential use in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers: A review. Int Wound J 2022; 20:1750-1761. [PMID: 36537075 PMCID: PMC10088845 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.13997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolism of fibronectin, the protein that plays a key role in the healing of wounds, is changed in the patients with diabetes mellitus. Fibronectin can interact with other proteins and proteoglycans and organise them to form the extracellular matrix, the basis of the granulation tissue in healing wounds. However, diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) suffer from inadequate deposition of this protein. Degradation prevails over fibronectin synthesis in the proteolytic inflammatory environment in the ulcers. Because of the lack of fibronectin in the wound bed, the assembly of the extracellular matrix and the deposition of the granulation tissue cannot be started. A number of methods have been designed that prevents fibronectin degradation, replace lacking fibronectin or support its formation in non-healing wounds in animal models of diabetes. The aim of this article is to review the metabolism of fibronectin in DFUs and to emphasise that it would be useful to pay more attention to fibronectin matrix assembly in the ulcers when laboratory methods are translated to clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Kanta
- Faculty of Medicine Charles University Hradec Kralove Czech Republic
| | - Anna Zavadakova
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine Charles University Pilsen Czech Republic
| | - Eva Sticova
- Diabetes Center Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine Prague Czech Republic
- Third Faculty of Medicine Charles University Prague Czech Republic
| | - Michal Dubsky
- Diabetes Center Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine Prague Czech Republic
- First Faculty of Medicine Charles University Prague Czech Republic
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21
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Schüler SC, Liu Y, Dumontier S, Grandbois M, Le Moal E, Cornelison DDW, Bentzinger CF. Extracellular matrix: Brick and mortar in the skeletal muscle stem cell niche. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1056523. [PMID: 36523505 PMCID: PMC9745096 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1056523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is an interconnected macromolecular scaffold occupying the space between cells. Amongst other functions, the ECM provides structural support to tissues and serves as a microenvironmental niche that conveys regulatory signals to cells. Cell-matrix adhesions, which link the ECM to the cytoskeleton, are dynamic multi-protein complexes containing surface receptors and intracellular effectors that control various downstream pathways. In skeletal muscle, the most abundant tissue of the body, each individual muscle fiber and its associated muscle stem cells (MuSCs) are surrounded by a layer of ECM referred to as the basal lamina. The core scaffold of the basal lamina consists of self-assembling polymeric laminins and a network of collagens that tether proteoglycans, which provide lateral crosslinking, establish collateral associations with cell surface receptors, and serve as a sink and reservoir for growth factors. Skeletal muscle also contains the fibrillar collagenous interstitial ECM that plays an important role in determining tissue elasticity, connects the basal laminae to each other, and contains matrix secreting mesenchymal fibroblast-like cell types and blood vessels. During skeletal muscle regeneration fibroblast-like cell populations expand and contribute to the transitional fibronectin-rich regenerative matrix that instructs angiogenesis and MuSC function. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the role of the skeletal muscle ECM in health and disease and outline its role in orchestrating tissue regeneration and MuSC function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja C. Schüler
- Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Yuguo Liu
- Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Simon Dumontier
- Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Michel Grandbois
- Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Emmeran Le Moal
- Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - DDW Cornelison
- Division of Biological Sciences Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - C. Florian Bentzinger
- Département de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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22
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Strickland S, Jorns M, Heyd L, Pappas D. Novel synthesis of fibronectin derived photoluminescent carbon dots for bioimaging applications. RSC Adv 2022; 12:30487-30494. [PMID: 36337972 PMCID: PMC9597609 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05137k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibronectin (FN) derived from human plasma has been used for the first time as the carbon precursor in the top-down, microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis of nitrogen doped carbon dots (CDs). FN is a large glycoprotein primarily known for its roles in cell adhesion and cell growth. Due to these properties FN can be over expressed in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of some cancers allowing FN to be used as an indicator for the detection of cancerous cells over non-cancerous cells. These FN derived CDs display violet photoluminescence with UV excitation and appear to possess similar functional groups on their surface to their carbon precursor (-COOH and -NH2). This is believed to be due to the self-passivation of the CDs' nitrogen-containing surface functional groups during the heating process. These CDs were then used to stain MCF-7 and MDA-231 breast cancer cells and were observed to interact primarily with the cell membrane rather than intercalating into the cell like the many other types of CDs. This led to the hypothesis that the CDs are selectively binding to the FN overexpressed within the cancer cells' ECM via amide linkages. This is in agreement with the EDX and FTIR spectra of the FN CDs which indicate the presence of -COOH and nitrogen containing surface groups like -NH3. The inherent selectivity of the CDs combined with their ability to photoluminesce enables their use as a fluorophore for bioimaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Strickland
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Lubbock TX USA
| | - Mychele Jorns
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Lubbock TX USA
| | - Lindsey Heyd
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Lubbock TX USA
| | - Dimitri Pappas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Lubbock TX USA
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23
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Lee A, Sousa de Almeida M, Milinkovic D, Septiadi D, Taladriz-Blanco P, Loussert-Fonta C, Balog S, Bazzoni A, Rothen-Rutishauser B, Petri-Fink A. Substrate stiffness reduces particle uptake by epithelial cells and macrophages in a size-dependent manner through mechanoregulation. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:15141-15155. [PMID: 36205559 PMCID: PMC9585528 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr03792k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Cells continuously exert forces on their environment and respond to changes in mechanical forces by altering their behaviour. Many pathologies such as cancer and fibrosis are hallmarked by dysregulation in the extracellular matrix, driving aberrant behaviour through mechanotransduction pathways. We demonstrate that substrate stiffness can be used to regulate cellular endocytosis of particles in a size-dependent fashion. Culture of A549 epithelial cells and J774A.1 macrophages on polystyrene/glass (stiff) and polydimethylsiloxane (soft) substrates indicated that particle uptake is increased up to six times for A549 and two times for macrophages when cells are grown in softer environments. Furthermore, we altered surface characteristics through the attachment of submicron-sized particles as a method to locally engineer substrate stiffness and topography to investigate the biomechanical changes which occurred within adherent epithelial cells, i.e. characterization of A549 cell spreading and focal adhesion maturation. Consequently, decreasing substrate rigidity and particle-based topography led to a reduction of focal adhesion size. Moreover, expression levels of Yes-associated protein were found to correlate with the degree of particle endocytosis. A thorough appreciation of the mechanical cues may lead to improved solutions to optimize nanomedicine approaches for treatment of cancer and other diseases with abnormal mechanosignalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Lee
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - Mauro Sousa de Almeida
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - Daela Milinkovic
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - Dedy Septiadi
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - Patricia Taladriz-Blanco
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Water Quality Group, Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | - Céline Loussert-Fonta
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - Sandor Balog
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - Amelie Bazzoni
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | | | - Alke Petri-Fink
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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24
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Biochip Surfaces Containing Recombinant Cell-Binding Domains of Fibronectin. COATINGS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings12070880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Surface immobilization and characterization of the functional activity of fibronectin (Fn) type-III domains are reported. The domains FnIII9-10 or FnIII10 containing the RGD loop and PHSRN synergy site were recombinantly produced and covalently bound to chemically activated PEG methacrylate (MA) hydrogel coatings by microcontact printing. Such fabricated biochip surfaces were 6 mm in diameter and consisted of 190 µm wide protein stripes separated by 200 µm spacing. They were analyzed by imaging null ellipsometry, atomic force microscopy and fluorescence microscopy. Also, the coatings were tested in human foreskin fibroblast and HeLa cultures for at least 96 h, thus evaluating their suitability for controlled cell adhesion and proliferation. However, while HeLa cultures were equally well responsive to the FnIII9-10, FnIII10 and Fn surfaces, the fibroblasts displayed lower cell and lower focal adhesion areas, as well as lower proliferation rates on the Fn fragment surfaces as compared to Fn. Nevertheless, full functional activity of the fibroblasts was confirmed by immunostaining of Fn produced by the cells adherent on the biochip surfaces. The observed interaction differences that were either cell type or surface composition-dependent demonstrate the potential use of specifically engineered Fn and other ECM protein-derived domains in biochip architectures.
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25
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Kawakami J, Brooks D, Zalmai R, Hartson SD, Bouyain S, Geisbrecht ER. Complex protein interactions mediate Drosophila Lar function in muscle tissue. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269037. [PMID: 35622884 PMCID: PMC9140312 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The type IIa family of receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases (RPTPs), including Lar, RPTPσ and RPTPδ, are well-studied in coordinating actin cytoskeletal rearrangements during axon guidance and synaptogenesis. To determine whether this regulation is conserved in other tissues, interdisciplinary approaches were utilized to study Lar-RPTPs in the Drosophila musculature. Here we find that the single fly ortholog, Drosophila Lar (Dlar), is localized to the muscle costamere and that a decrease in Dlar causes aberrant sarcomeric patterning, deficits in larval locomotion, and integrin mislocalization. Sequence analysis uncovered an evolutionarily conserved Lys-Gly-Asp (KGD) signature in the extracellular region of Dlar. Since this tripeptide sequence is similar to the integrin-binding Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) motif, we tested the hypothesis that Dlar directly interacts with integrin proteins. However, structural analyses of the fibronectin type III domains of Dlar and two vertebrate orthologs that include this conserved motif indicate that this KGD tripeptide is not accessible and thus unlikely to mediate physical interactions with integrins. These results, together with the proteomics identification of basement membrane (BM) proteins as potential ligands for type IIa RPTPs, suggest a complex network of protein interactions in the extracellular space that may mediate Lar function and/or signaling in muscle tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Kawakami
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States of America
| | - David Brooks
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Rana Zalmai
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States of America
| | - Steven D. Hartson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States of America
| | - Samuel Bouyain
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States of America
| | - Erika R. Geisbrecht
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
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26
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Ma S, Ji X, Cang M, Wang J, Yu H, Liu Y, Zhang W, Wu Y, Zhao S, Cao G, Tong B. Association analysis between novel variants in LEPR gene and litter size in Mongolia and ujimqin sheep breeds. Theriogenology 2022; 183:79-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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27
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Ferenczy GG, Kellermayer M. Contribution of Hydrophobic Interactions to Protein Mechanical Stability. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:1946-1956. [PMID: 35521554 PMCID: PMC9062142 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of hydrophobic and polar interactions in providing thermodynamic stability to folded proteins has been intensively studied, but the relative contribution of these interactions to the mechanical stability is less explored. We used steered molecular dynamics simulations with constant-velocity pulling to generate force-extension curves of selected protein domains and monitor hydrophobic surface unravelling upon extension. Hydrophobic contribution was found to vary between one fifth and one third of the total force while the rest of the contribution is attributed primarily to hydrogen bonds. Moreover, hydrophobic force peaks were shifted towards larger protein extensions with respect to the force peaks attributed to hydrogen bonds. The higher importance of hydrogen bonds compared to hydrophobic interactions in providing mechanical resistance is in contrast with the relative importance of the hydrophobic interactions in providing thermodynamic stability of proteins. The different contributions of these interactions to the mechanical stability are explained by the steeper free energy dependence of hydrogen bonds compared to hydrophobic interactions on the relative positions of interacting atoms. Comparative analyses for several protein domains revealed that the variation of hydrophobic forces is modest, while the contribution of hydrogen bonds to the force peaks becomes increasingly important for mechanically resistant protein domains.
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28
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Teufl M, Zajc CU, Traxlmayr MW. Engineering Strategies to Overcome the Stability-Function Trade-Off in Proteins. ACS Synth Biol 2022; 11:1030-1039. [PMID: 35258287 PMCID: PMC8938945 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.1c00512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
In addition to its
biological function, the stability of a protein
is a major determinant for its applicability. Unfortunately, engineering
proteins for improved functionality usually results in destabilization
of the protein. This so-called stability–function trade-off
can be explained by the simple fact that the generation of a novel
protein function—or the improvement of an existing one—necessitates
the insertion of mutations, i.e., deviations from
the evolutionarily optimized wild-type sequence. In fact, it was demonstrated
that gain-of-function mutations are not more destabilizing than other
random mutations. The stability–function trade-off is a universal
phenomenon during protein evolution that has been observed with completely
different types of proteins, including enzymes, antibodies, and engineered
binding scaffolds. In this review, we discuss three types of strategies
that have been successfully deployed to overcome this omnipresent
obstacle in protein engineering approaches: (i) using highly stable
parental proteins, (ii) minimizing the extent of destabilization during
functional engineering (by library optimization and/or coselection
for stability and function), and (iii) repairing damaged mutants through
stability engineering. The implementation of these strategies in protein
engineering campaigns will facilitate the efficient generation of
protein variants that are not only functional but also stable and
therefore better-suited for subsequent applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Teufl
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria
- CD Laboratory for Next Generation CAR T Cells, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Charlotte U. Zajc
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria
- CD Laboratory for Next Generation CAR T Cells, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael W. Traxlmayr
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria
- CD Laboratory for Next Generation CAR T Cells, 1190 Vienna, Austria
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29
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Bi-allelic variants in neuronal cell adhesion molecule cause a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by developmental delay, hypotonia, neuropathy/spasticity. Am J Hum Genet 2022; 109:518-532. [PMID: 35108495 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2022.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell adhesion molecules are membrane-bound proteins predominantly expressed in the central nervous system along principal axonal pathways with key roles in nervous system development, neural cell differentiation and migration, axonal growth and guidance, myelination, and synapse formation. Here, we describe ten affected individuals with bi-allelic variants in the neuronal cell adhesion molecule NRCAM that lead to a neurodevelopmental syndrome of varying severity; the individuals are from eight families. This syndrome is characterized by developmental delay/intellectual disability, hypotonia, peripheral neuropathy, and/or spasticity. Computational analyses of NRCAM variants, many of which cluster in the third fibronectin type III (Fn-III) domain, strongly suggest a deleterious effect on NRCAM structure and function, including possible disruption of its interactions with other proteins. These findings are corroborated by previous in vitro studies of murine Nrcam-deficient cells, revealing abnormal neurite outgrowth, synaptogenesis, and formation of nodes of Ranvier on myelinated axons. Our studies on zebrafish nrcamaΔ mutants lacking the third Fn-III domain revealed that mutant larvae displayed significantly altered swimming behavior compared to wild-type larvae (p < 0.03). Moreover, nrcamaΔ mutants displayed a trend toward increased amounts of α-tubulin fibers in the dorsal telencephalon, demonstrating an alteration in white matter tracts and projections. Taken together, our study provides evidence that NRCAM disruption causes a variable form of a neurodevelopmental disorder and broadens the knowledge on the growing role of the cell adhesion molecule family in the nervous system.
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30
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Verma SK, Deshmukh V, Thatcher K, Belanger KK, Rhyner A, Meng S, Holcomb R, Bressan M, Martin J, Cooke J, Wythe J, Widen S, Lincoln J, Kuyumcu-Martinez M. RBFOX2 is required for establishing RNA regulatory networks essential for heart development. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:2270-2286. [PMID: 35137168 PMCID: PMC8881802 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human genetic studies identified a strong association between loss of function mutations in RBFOX2 and hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS). There are currently no Rbfox2 mouse models that recapitulate HLHS. Therefore, it is still unknown how RBFOX2 as an RNA binding protein contributes to heart development. To address this, we conditionally deleted Rbfox2 in embryonic mouse hearts and found profound defects in cardiac chamber and yolk sac vasculature formation. Importantly, our Rbfox2 conditional knockout mouse model recapitulated several molecular and phenotypic features of HLHS. To determine the molecular drivers of these cardiac defects, we performed RNA-sequencing in Rbfox2 mutant hearts and identified dysregulated alternative splicing (AS) networks that affect cell adhesion to extracellular matrix (ECM) mediated by Rho GTPases. We identified two Rho GTPase cycling genes as targets of RBFOX2. Modulating AS of these two genes using antisense oligos led to cell cycle and cell-ECM adhesion defects. Consistently, Rbfox2 mutant hearts displayed cell cycle defects and inability to undergo endocardial-mesenchymal transition, processes dependent on cell-ECM adhesion and that are seen in HLHS. Overall, our work not only revealed that loss of Rbfox2 leads to heart development defects resembling HLHS, but also identified RBFOX2-regulated AS networks that influence cell-ECM communication vital for heart development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil K Verma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Vaibhav Deshmukh
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Thatcher
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, The Herma Heart Institute, Children's WI, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - KarryAnne K Belanger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Alexander M Rhyner
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for Organ Repair and Renewal, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shu Meng
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Richard Joshua Holcomb
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Michael Bressan
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599, USA
| | - James F Martin
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for Organ Repair and Renewal, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Cardiomyocyte Renewal Lab;Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX77030, USA
| | - John P Cooke
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Joshua D Wythe
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for Organ Repair and Renewal, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Cardiomyocyte Renewal Lab;Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX77030, USA
| | - Steven G Widen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Joy Lincoln
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, The Herma Heart Institute, Children's WI, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Muge N Kuyumcu-Martinez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Anatomy, Institute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd. Galveston, TX 77555, USA
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31
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Trainor K, Doyle CM, Metcalfe-Roach A, Steckner J, Lipovšek D, Malakian H, Langley D, Krystek SR, Meiering EM. Design for Solubility May Reveal Induction of Amide Hydrogen/Deuterium Exchange by Protein Self-Association. J Mol Biol 2021; 434:167398. [PMID: 34902431 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.167398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Structural heterogeneity often constrains the characterization of aggregating proteins to indirect or low-resolution methods, obscuring mechanistic details of association. Here, we report progress in understanding the aggregation of Adnectins, engineered binding proteins with an immunoglobulin-like fold. We rationally design Adnectin solubility and measure amide hydrogen/deuterium exchange (HDX) under conditions that permit transient protein self-association. Protein-protein binding commonly slows rates of HDX; in contrast, we find that Adnectin association may induce faster HDX for certain amides, particularly in the C-terminal β-strand. In aggregation-prone proteins, we identify a pattern of very different rates of amide HDX for residues linked by reciprocal hydrogen bonds in the native structure. These results may be explained by local loss of native structure and formation of an inter-protein interface. Amide HDX induced by self-association, detected here by deliberate modulation of propensity for such interactions, may be a general phenomenon with the potential to expose mechanisms of aggregation by diverse proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Trainor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Ontario, Canada
| | - Colleen M Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Avril Metcalfe-Roach
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Julia Steckner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daša Lipovšek
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Cambridge, MA 02140, United States.
| | | | - David Langley
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Cambridge, MA 02140, United States
| | | | - Elizabeth M Meiering
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Ontario, Canada.
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32
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Halper J. Basic Components of Connective Tissues and Extracellular Matrix: Fibronectin, Fibrinogen, Laminin, Elastin, Fibrillins, Fibulins, Matrilins, Tenascins and Thrombospondins. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1348:105-126. [PMID: 34807416 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-80614-9_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Collagens are the most abundant components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and many types of soft tissues. Elastin is another major component of certain soft tissues, such as arterial walls and ligaments. It is an insoluble polymer of the monomeric soluble precursor tropoelastin, and the main component of elastic fibers in matrix tissue where it provides elastic recoil and resilience to a variety of connective tissues, e.g., aorta and ligaments. Elastic fibers regulate activity of transforming growth factors β (TGFβ) through their association with fibrillin microfibrils. Elastin also plays a role in cell adhesion, cell migration, and has the ability to participate in cell signaling. Mutations in the elastin gene lead to cutis laxa. Many other molecules, though lower in quantity, function as essential, structural and/or functional components of the extracellular matrix in soft tissues. Some of these are reviewed in this chapter. Besides their basic structure, biochemistry and physiology, their roles in disorders of soft tissues are discussed only briefly as most chapters in this volume deal with relevant individual compounds. Fibronectin with its multidomain structure plays a role of "master organizer" in matrix assembly as it forms a bridge between cell surface receptors, e.g., integrins, and compounds such collagen, proteoglycans and other focal adhesion molecules. It also plays an essential role in the assembly of fibrillin-1 into a structured network. Though the primary role of fibrinogen is in clot formation, after conversion to fibrin by thrombin it also binds to a variety of compounds, particularly to various growth factors, and as such, fibrinogen is a player in cardiovascular and extracellular matrix physiology. Laminins contribute to the structure of the ECM and modulate cellular functions such as adhesion, differentiation, migration, stability of phenotype, and resistance towards apoptosis. Fibrillins represent the predominant core of microfibrils in elastic as well as non-elastic extracellular matrixes, and interact closely with tropoelastin and integrins. Not only do microfibrils provide structural integrity of specific organ systems, but they also provide basis for elastogenesis in elastic tissues. Fibrillin is important for the assembly of elastin into elastic fibers. Mutations in the fibrillin-1 gene are closely associated with Marfan syndrome. Latent TGFβ binding proteins (LTBPs) are included here as their structure is similar to fibrillins. Several categories of ECM components described after fibrillins are sub-classified as matricellular proteins, i.e., they are secreted into ECM, but do not provide structure. Rather they interact with cell membrane receptors, collagens, proteases, hormones and growth factors, communicating and directing cell-ECM traffic. Fibulins are tightly connected with basement membranes, elastic fibers and other components of extracellular matrix and participate in formation of elastic fibers. Matrilins have been emerging as a new group of supporting actors, and their role in connective tissue physiology and pathophysiology has not been fully characterized. Tenascins are ECM polymorphic glycoproteins found in many connective tissues in the body. Their expression is regulated by mechanical stress both during development and in adulthood. Tenascins mediate both inflammatory and fibrotic processes to enable effective tissue repair and play roles in pathogenesis of Ehlers-Danlos, heart disease, and regeneration and recovery of musculo-tendinous tissue. One of the roles of thrombospondin 1 is activation of TGFβ. Increased expression of thrombospondin and TGFβ activity was observed in fibrotic skin disorders such as keloids and scleroderma. Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) or thrombospondin-5 is primarily present in the cartilage. High levels of COMP are present in fibrotic scars and systemic sclerosis of the skin, and in tendon, especially with physical activity, loading and post-injury. It plays a role in vascular wall remodeling and has been found in atherosclerotic plaques as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslava Halper
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Department of Basic Sciences, AU/UGA Medical Partnership, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
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33
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Dalton CJ, Lemmon CA. Fibronectin: Molecular Structure, Fibrillar Structure and Mechanochemical Signaling. Cells 2021; 10:2443. [PMID: 34572092 PMCID: PMC8471655 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a key role as both structural scaffold and regulator of cell signal transduction in tissues. In times of ECM assembly and turnover, cells upregulate assembly of the ECM protein, fibronectin (FN). FN is assembled by cells into viscoelastic fibrils that can bind upward of 40 distinct growth factors and cytokines. These fibrils play a key role in assembling a provisional ECM during embryonic development and wound healing. Fibril assembly is also often upregulated during disease states, including cancer and fibrotic diseases. FN fibrils have unique mechanical properties, which allow them to alter mechanotransduction signals sensed and relayed by cells. Binding of soluble growth factors to FN fibrils alters signal transduction from these proteins, while binding of other ECM proteins, including collagens, elastins, and proteoglycans, to FN fibrils facilitates the maturation and tissue specificity of the ECM. In this review, we will discuss the assembly of FN fibrils from individual FN molecules; the composition, structure, and mechanics of FN fibrils; the interaction of FN fibrils with other ECM proteins and growth factors; the role of FN in transmitting mechanobiology signaling events; and approaches for studying the mechanics of FN fibrils.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christopher A. Lemmon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 401 W. Main St., Richmond, VA 23284, USA;
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Boucher L, Somani S, Negron C, Ma W, Jacobs S, Chan W, Malia T, Obmolova G, Teplyakov A, Gilliland GL, Luo J. Surface salt bridges contribute to the extreme thermal stability of an FN3-like domain from a thermophilic bacterium. Proteins 2021; 90:270-281. [PMID: 34405904 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This study uses differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray crystallography, and molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the structural basis for the high thermal stability (melting temperature 97.5°C) of a FN3-like protein domain from thermophilic bacteria Thermoanaerobacter tengcongensis (FN3tt). FN3tt adopts a typical FN3 fold with a three-stranded beta sheet packing against a four-stranded beta sheet. We identified three solvent exposed arginine residues (R23, R25, and R72), which stabilize the protein through salt bridge interactions with glutamic acid residues on adjacent strands. Alanine mutation of the three arginine residues reduced melting temperature by up to 22°C. Crystal structures of the wild type (WT) and a thermally destabilized (∆Tm -19.7°C) triple mutant (R23L/R25T/R72I) were found to be nearly identical, suggesting that the destabilization is due to interactions of the arginine residues. Molecular dynamics simulations showed that the salt bridge interactions in the WT were stable and provided a dynamical explanation for the cooperativity observed between R23 and R25 based on calorimetry measurements. In addition, folding free energy changes computed using free energy perturbation molecular dynamics simulations showed high correlation with melting temperature changes. This work is another example of surface salt bridges contributing to the enhanced thermal stability of thermophilic proteins. The molecular dynamics simulation methods employed in this study may be broadly useful for in silico surface charge engineering of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Boucher
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sandeep Somani
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Wenting Ma
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Steven Jacobs
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Winnie Chan
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Thomas Malia
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Galina Obmolova
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alexey Teplyakov
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gary L Gilliland
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jinquan Luo
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania, USA
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Beaudoin CA, Jamasb AR, Alsulami AF, Copoiu L, van Tonder AJ, Hala S, Bannerman BP, Thomas SE, Vedithi SC, Torres PH, Blundell TL. Predicted structural mimicry of spike receptor-binding motifs from highly pathogenic human coronaviruses. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:3938-3953. [PMID: 34234921 PMCID: PMC8249111 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Potential coronavirus spike protein mimicry revealed by structural comparison. Human and non-human protein potential interactions with virus identified. Predicted structural mimicry corroborated by protein–protein docking. Epitope-based alignments may help guide vaccine efforts.
Viruses often encode proteins that mimic host proteins in order to facilitate infection. Little work has been done to understand the potential mimicry of the SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV spike proteins, particularly the receptor-binding motifs, which could be important in determining tropism and druggability of the virus. Peptide and epitope motifs have been detected on coronavirus spike proteins using sequence homology approaches; however, comparing the three-dimensional shape of the protein has been shown as more informative in predicting mimicry than sequence-based comparisons. Here, we use structural bioinformatics software to characterize potential mimicry of the three coronavirus spike protein receptor-binding motifs. We utilize sequence-independent alignment tools to compare structurally known protein models with the receptor-binding motifs and verify potential mimicked interactions with protein docking simulations. Both human and non-human proteins were returned for all three receptor-binding motifs. For example, all three were similar to several proteins containing EGF-like domains: some of which are endogenous to humans, such as thrombomodulin, and others exogenous, such as Plasmodium falciparum MSP-1. Similarity to human proteins may reveal which pathways the spike protein is co-opting, while analogous non-human proteins may indicate shared host interaction partners and overlapping antibody cross-reactivity. These findings can help guide experimental efforts to further understand potential interactions between human and coronavirus proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A. Beaudoin
- Department of Biochemistry, Sanger Building, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Rd, Cambridge CB2 1GA, United Kingdom
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Arian R. Jamasb
- Department of Biochemistry, Sanger Building, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Rd, Cambridge CB2 1GA, United Kingdom
- Department of Computer Science & Technology, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge CB3 0FD, United Kingdom
| | - Ali F. Alsulami
- Department of Biochemistry, Sanger Building, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Rd, Cambridge CB2 1GA, United Kingdom
| | - Liviu Copoiu
- Department of Biochemistry, Sanger Building, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Rd, Cambridge CB2 1GA, United Kingdom
| | - Andries J. van Tonder
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0ES, United Kingdom
| | - Sharif Hala
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre – Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bridget P. Bannerman
- Department of Biochemistry, Sanger Building, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Rd, Cambridge CB2 1GA, United Kingdom
| | - Sherine E. Thomas
- Department of Biochemistry, Sanger Building, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Rd, Cambridge CB2 1GA, United Kingdom
| | - Sundeep Chaitanya Vedithi
- Department of Biochemistry, Sanger Building, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Rd, Cambridge CB2 1GA, United Kingdom
| | - Pedro H.M. Torres
- Laboratório de Modelagem e Dinâmica Molecular, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Tom L. Blundell
- Department of Biochemistry, Sanger Building, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Rd, Cambridge CB2 1GA, United Kingdom
- Corresponding authors.
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Schumacher S, Dedden D, Nunez RV, Matoba K, Takagi J, Biertümpfel C, Mizuno N. Structural insights into integrin α 5β 1 opening by fibronectin ligand. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/19/eabe9716. [PMID: 33962943 PMCID: PMC8104898 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe9716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Integrin α5β1 is a major fibronectin receptor critical for cell migration. Upon complex formation, fibronectin and α5β1 undergo conformational changes. While this is key for cell-tissue connections, its mechanism is unknown. Here, we report cryo-electron microscopy structures of native human α5β1 with fibronectin to 3.1-angstrom resolution, and in its resting state to 4.6-angstrom resolution. The α5β1-fibronectin complex revealed simultaneous interactions at the arginine-glycine-aspartate loop, the synergy site, and a newly identified binding site proximal to adjacent to metal ion-dependent adhesion site, inducing the translocation of helix α1 to secure integrin opening. Resting α5β1 adopts an incompletely bent conformation, challenging the model of integrin sharp bending inhibiting ligand binding. Our biochemical and structural analyses showed that affinity of α5β1 for fibronectin is increased with manganese ions (Mn2+) while adopting the half-bent conformation, indicating that ligand-binding affinity does not depend on conformation, and α5β1 opening is induced by ligand-binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Schumacher
- Department of Structural Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Dirk Dedden
- Department of Structural Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Roberto Vazquez Nunez
- Laboratory of Structural Cell Biology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 50 South Dr., Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kyoko Matoba
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Junichi Takagi
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Christian Biertümpfel
- Laboratory of Structural Cell Biology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 50 South Dr., Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Naoko Mizuno
- Department of Structural Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany.
- Laboratory of Structural Cell Biology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 50 South Dr., Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 50 South Dr., Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Zhu G, Zhang T, Chen M, Yao K, Huang X, Zhang B, Li Y, Liu J, Wang Y, Zhao Z. Bone physiological microenvironment and healing mechanism: Basis for future bone-tissue engineering scaffolds. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:4110-4140. [PMID: 33997497 PMCID: PMC8091181 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone-tissue defects affect millions of people worldwide. Despite being common treatment approaches, autologous and allogeneic bone grafting have not achieved the ideal therapeutic effect. This has prompted researchers to explore novel bone-regeneration methods. In recent decades, the development of bone tissue engineering (BTE) scaffolds has been leading the forefront of this field. As researchers have provided deep insights into bone physiology and the bone-healing mechanism, various biomimicking and bioinspired BTE scaffolds have been reported. Now it is necessary to review the progress of natural bone physiology and bone healing mechanism, which will provide more valuable enlightenments for researchers in this field. This work details the physiological microenvironment of the natural bone tissue, bone-healing process, and various biomolecules involved therein. Next, according to the bone physiological microenvironment and the delivery of bioactive factors based on the bone-healing mechanism, it elaborates the biomimetic design of a scaffold, highlighting the designing of BTE scaffolds according to bone biology and providing the rationale for designing next-generation BTE scaffolds that conform to natural bone healing and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanyin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Tianxu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Miao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Ke Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Xinqi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Yazhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Yunbing Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Zhihe Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
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38
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Dura G, Crespo-Cuadrado M, Waller H, Peters DT, Ferreira AM, Lakey JH, Fulton DA. Hydrogels of engineered bacterial fimbriae can finely tune 2D human cell culture. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:2542-2552. [PMID: 33571331 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01966f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Demand continues to grow for biomimetic materials able to create well-defined environments for modulating the behaviour of living cells in culture. Here, we describe hydrogels based upon the polymeric bacterial fimbriae protein capsular antigen fragment 1 (Caf1) that presents tunable biological properties for enhanced tissue cell culture applications. We demonstrate how Caf1 hydrogels can regulate cellular functions such as spreading, proliferation and matrix deposition of human dermal fibroblast cells (hDFBs). Caf1 hydrogels exploring a range of mechanical properties were prepared using copolymers featuring controlled compositions of inert wild-type Caf1 subunits and a mutant subunit displaying the RGDS peptide motif. The hydrogels showed excellent cytocompatibility with hDFBs and the ability to modulate both cell morphology and matrix deposition. Interestingly, Caf1 hydrogels displaying faster stress relaxation were demonstrated to show the highest metabolic activities of growing cells in comparison with other Caf1 hydrogel formulations. The stiffest Caf1 hydrogel impacted cellular morphology, inducing alignment of the cells. This work is significant as it clearly indicates that Caf1-based hydrogels offer tuneable biochemical and mechanical substrates conditions suitable for cell culture applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gema Dura
- Chemical Nanoscience Laboratory, Chemistry-School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
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Hossain MM, Huang H, Yuan Y, Wan T, Jiang C, Dai Z, Xiong S, Cao M, Tu S. Silicone stressed response of crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) in antioxidant enzyme activity and related gene expression. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 274:115836. [PMID: 33190981 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Organosilicon has been widely used in various fields of industry and agriculture due to its excellent properties, such as high and low temperature resistance, flame retardant, insulation, radiation resistance and physiological inertia. However, organosilicon toxicity in aquatic animals is seldom known. In this research, two typical silicone or silane coupling agents (KH-560 (3-Glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane) and KH-570 (3-Methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane)) were used in a hydroponic experiment to evaluate the effects on survival rate, antioxidant response and gene expression in red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii). Crayfishes were grown in black aquaculture boxes containing different concentrations (0, 10, 100 and 1000 mg L-1) of KH-560 and KH-570 for 72 h, and then crayfish samples were harvested and separated into tissues of carapace, gill and muscle for analysis. The results showed that silicone significantly increased malondialdehyde (MDA) content in muscle by 17%-38% except for the treatment of 100 mg L-1 KH-570, and reduced the survival rate of crayfish. Additionally, silicone KH-570 increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) by 15%-31%, 17%-35%, and 9%-46%, as well as the contents of ascorbate (AsA) and glutathione (GSH) by 19%-31%, and 23%-29% respectively, in muscle tissue, and similar results occurred in KH-560. In the carapace, however, SOD activity was significantly decreased at high concentrations level of both silicone treatments. Moreover, silicon (Si) content was higher in the abdominal muscle of crayfish after silicone treatment. Assay of gene expression showed an obvious increasing expression of antioxidant related genes (Sod1, Sod2, Cat1, Cat2, and Pod1, Pod2) under silicone stress. The above results suggested that silicone caused an obvious stress response in crayfish in both biochemical and molecular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Muzammel Hossain
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Hengliang Huang
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Yuan Yuan
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Tianyin Wan
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Chengfeng Jiang
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Zhihua Dai
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Shuanglian Xiong
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Menghua Cao
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Shuxin Tu
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Hubei Research Center for Soil Remediation Engineering, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Spada S, Tocci A, Di Modugno F, Nisticò P. Fibronectin as a multiregulatory molecule crucial in tumor matrisome: from structural and functional features to clinical practice in oncology. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2021; 40:102. [PMID: 33731188 PMCID: PMC7972229 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-01908-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Deciphering extracellular matrix (ECM) composition and architecture may represent a novel approach to identify diagnostic and therapeutic targets in cancer. Among the ECM components, fibronectin and its fibrillary assembly represent the scaffold to build up the entire ECM structure, deeply affecting its features. Herein we focus on this extraordinary protein starting from its complex structure and defining its role in cancer as prognostic and theranostic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Spada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Annalisa Tocci
- Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Di Modugno
- Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.
| | - Paola Nisticò
- Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.
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Sakharkar MK, Dhillon SK, Mazumder M, Yang J. Key drug-targeting genes in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Genes Cancer 2021; 12:12-24. [PMID: 33884102 PMCID: PMC8045979 DOI: 10.18632/genesandcancer.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly lethal type of cancer. In this study,
we undertook a pairwise comparison of gene expression pattern between tumor tissue and its
matching adjacent normal tissue for 45 PDAC patients and identified 22 upregulated and 32
downregulated genes. PPI network revealed that fibronectin 1 and serpin peptidase
inhibitor B5 were the most interconnected upregulated-nodes. Virtual screening identified
bleomycin exhibited reasonably strong binding to both proteins. Effect of bleomycin on
cell viability was examined against two PDAC cell lines, AsPC-1 and MIA PaCa-2. AsPC-1 did
not respond to bleomycin, however, MIA PaCa-2 responded to bleomycin with an
IC50 of 2.6 μM. This implicates that bleomycin could be repurposed for the
treatment of PDAC, especially in combination with other chemotherapy agents. In
vivo mouse xenograft studies and patient clinical trials are warranted to
understand the functional mechanism of bleomycin towards PDAC and optimize its therapeutic
efficacy. Furthermore, we will evaluate the antitumor activity of the other identified
drugs in our future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meena Kishore Sakharkar
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Sarinder Kaur Dhillon
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohit Mazumder
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Jian Yang
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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Willcockson H, Ozkan H, Chubinskaya S, Loeser RF, Longobardi L. CCL2 induces articular chondrocyte MMP expression through ERK and p38 signaling pathways. OSTEOARTHRITIS AND CARTILAGE OPEN 2021; 3:100136. [PMID: 36475068 PMCID: PMC9718225 DOI: 10.1016/j.ocarto.2020.100136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective In previous studies, we determined an association between increased serum and articular cartilage levels of CCL2 with osteoarthritis (OA) progression, cartilage damage and increased MMP13 in cartilage. Here we analyzed CCL2 downstream signaling mediators that lead to gene expression of cartilage catabolic markers, in healthy and OA human articular chondrocytes. Design Human articular chondrocytes obtained from healthy or OA subjects were treated with or without recombinant human CCL2; cell lysates or mRNA were collected for immunoblotting or qRT-PCR. For pathway analysis, chondrocytes were pre-incubated with an inhibitor of CCR2 (the unique CCL2 receptor), ERK inhibitor or p38 inhibitor prior to CCL2 treatment. Results CCL2 treatment of both healthy and OA chondrocytes activated ERK and p38 via CCR2. In healthy chondrocytes, short (6h) and prolonged (24-72h) CCL2 treatments led to Ccr2, Mmp-1, Mmp-3, Mmp-13 and Timp1 upregulation. In OA chondrocytes, CCL2 induced expression of Ccr2, Mmp-1 and Mmp-3, but not Mmp1 and Timp1, and only following longer treatments (72h). In both healthy and OA chondrocytes, the CCL2-mediated upregulation of Ccr2 and cartilage catabolic markers was mediated by ERK and p38 signaling. Conclusions The triggering of the CCL2/CCR2 axis in articular chondrocytes activates specific MAPK pathways leading to gene expression of cartilage degrading enzymes. However, some differences in the response to CCL2 stimulation are detected in healthy vs OA chondrocytes with respect to the number of activated genes and to the time of exposure to CCL2, suggesting that CCL2 action in articular cartilage may be dependent on OA stage and severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Willcockson
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology and the Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Huseyin Ozkan
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology and the Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Susan Chubinskaya
- Department of Pediatrics, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Richard F. Loeser
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology and the Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lara Longobardi
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology and the Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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43
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Fibronectin in development and wound healing. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 170:353-368. [PMID: 32961203 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Fibronectin structure and composition regulate contextual cell signaling. Recent advances have been made in understanding fibronectin and its role in tissue organization and repair. This review outlines fibronectin splice variants and their functions, evaluates potential therapeutic strategies targeting or utilizing fibronectin, and concludes by discussing potential future directions to modulate fibronectin function in development and wound healing.
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Deguchi S, Kato A, Wu P, Hakamada M, Mabuchi M. Heterogeneous role of integrins in fibroblast response to small cyclic mechanical stimulus generated by a nanoporous gold actuator. Acta Biomater 2021; 121:418-430. [PMID: 33326880 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
It is important to understand the effects of mechanical stimulation on cell behaviors for homeostasis. Many studies have been performed on cell responses to mechanical stimuli, but the mechanosensing mechanism is still under debate. In the present study, experiments employing molecular dynamics (MD) simulations concerning the effects of cyclic mechanical stimulus on cell proliferation were performed based on the hypothesis that mechanosensing depends on integrin types. We used a nanoporous gold (NPG) actuator to prevent transfer of a mechanical stimulus via molecules other than integrins. Surprisingly, a small cyclic strain of only 0.5% enhanced the proliferation of fibroblasts. α5β1 and αvβ3 integrins showed high sensitivity to the mechanical stimulus, whereas α1β1 and α2β1 integrins exhibited low mechanosensitivity. The MD simulations showed that different conformational changes of the integrin headpiece induced by binding to the ECM led to a difference in mechanosensitivity between αI and αI-less integrin types. Thus, the present study provides evidence to support the hypothesis and suggests the mechanism for the heterogeneous roles of integrins in mechanosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soichiro Deguchi
- Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University, Yoshidahonmachi, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Kato
- Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University, Yoshidahonmachi, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Peizheng Wu
- Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University, Yoshidahonmachi, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masataka Hakamada
- Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University, Yoshidahonmachi, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Mamoru Mabuchi
- Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University, Yoshidahonmachi, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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Chen YF, Goodheart C, Rua D. The Body's Cellular and Molecular Response to Protein-Coated Medical Device Implants: A Review Focused on Fibronectin and BMP Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228853. [PMID: 33238458 PMCID: PMC7700595 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent years have seen a marked rise in implantation into the body of a great variety of devices: hip, knee, and shoulder replacements, pacemakers, meshes, glucose sensors, and many others. Cochlear and retinal implants are being developed to restore hearing and sight. After surgery to implant a device, adjacent cells interact with the implant and release molecular signals that result in attraction, infiltration of the tissue, and attachment to the implant of various cell types including monocytes, macrophages, and platelets. These cells release additional signaling molecules (chemokines and cytokines) that recruit tissue repair cells to the device site. Some implants fail and require additional revision surgery that is traumatic for the patient and expensive for the payer. This review examines the literature for evidence to support the possibility that fibronectins and BMPs could be coated on the implants as part of the manufacturing process so that the proteins could be released into the tissue surrounding the implant and improve the rate of successful implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fan Chen
- Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA;
| | | | - Diego Rua
- Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA;
- Correspondence:
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Lindemann WR, Mijalis AJ, Alonso JL, Borbat PP, Freed JH, Arnaout MA, Pentelute BL, Ortony JH. Conformational Dynamics in Extended RGD-Containing Peptides. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:2786-2794. [PMID: 32469507 PMCID: PMC7388056 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
RGD is a prolific example of a tripeptide used in biomaterials for cell adhesion, but the potency of free or surface-bound RGD tripeptide is orders-of-magnitude less than the RGD domain within natural proteins. We designed a set of peptides with varying lengths, composed of fragments of fibronectin protein whose central three residues are RGD, in order to vary their conformational behavior without changing the binding site's chemical environment. With these peptides, we measure the conformational dynamics and transient structure of the active site. Our studies reveal how flanking residues affect conformational behavior and integrin binding. We find that disorder of the binding site is important to the potency of RGD peptides and that transient hydrogen bonding near the RGD site affects both the energy landscape roughness of the peptides and peptide binding. This phenomenon is independent of longer-range folding interactions and helps explain why short binding sequences, including RGD itself, do not fully replicate the integrin-targeting properties of extracellular matrix proteins. Our studies reinforce that peptide binding is a holistic event and fragments larger than those directly involved in binding should be considered in the design of peptide epitopes for functional biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Lindemann
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Alexander J Mijalis
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - José L Alonso
- Leukocyte Biology and Inflammation Program, Division of Nephrology and Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Peter P Borbat
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Jack H Freed
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - M Amin Arnaout
- Leukocyte Biology and Inflammation Program, Division of Nephrology and Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Bradley L Pentelute
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Julia H Ortony
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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48
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Bioactive polypeptide hydrogels modified with RGD and N-cadherin mimetic peptide promote chondrogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Sci China Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-020-9772-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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49
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Efthymiou G, Saint A, Ruff M, Rekad Z, Ciais D, Van Obberghen-Schilling E. Shaping Up the Tumor Microenvironment With Cellular Fibronectin. Front Oncol 2020; 10:641. [PMID: 32426283 PMCID: PMC7203475 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal tissue homeostasis and architecture restrain tumor growth. Thus, for a tumor to develop and spread, malignant cells must overcome growth-repressive inputs from surrounding tissue and escape immune surveillance mechanisms that curb cancer progression. This is achieved by promoting the conversion of a physiological microenvironment to a pro-tumoral state and it requires a constant dialog between malignant cells and ostensibly normal cells of adjacent tissue. Pro-tumoral reprogramming of the stroma is accompanied by an upregulation of certain extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and their cognate receptors. Fibronectin (FN) is one such component of the tumor matrisome. This large multidomain glycoprotein dimer expressed over a wide range of human cancers is assembled by cell-driven forces into a fibrillar array that provides an obligate scaffold for the deposition of other matrix proteins and binding sites for functionalization by soluble factors in the tumor microenvironment. Encoded by a single gene, FN regulates the proliferation, motile behavior and fate of multiple cell types, largely through mechanisms that involve integrin-mediated signaling. These processes are coordinated by distinct isoforms of FN, collectively known as cellular FN (as opposed to circulating plasma FN) that arise through alternative splicing of the FN1 gene. Cellular FN isoforms differ in their solubility, receptor binding ability and spatiotemporal expression, and functions that have yet to be fully defined. FN induction at tumor sites constitutes an important step in the acquisition of biological capabilities required for several cancer hallmarks such as sustaining proliferative signaling, promoting angiogenesis, facilitating invasion and metastasis, modulating growth suppressor activity and regulating anti-tumoral immunity. In this review, we will first provide an overview of ECM reprogramming through tumor-stroma crosstalk, then focus on the role of cellular FN in tumor progression with respect to these hallmarks. Last, we will discuss the impact of dysregulated ECM on clinical efficacy of classical (radio-/chemo-) therapies and emerging treatments that target immune checkpoints and explore how our expanding knowledge of the tumor ECM and the central role of FN can be leveraged for therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angélique Saint
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, iBV, Nice, France.,Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Nice, France
| | - Michaël Ruff
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, iBV, Nice, France
| | - Zeinab Rekad
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, iBV, Nice, France
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Chandler PG, Buckle AM. Development and Differentiation in Monobodies Based on the Fibronectin Type 3 Domain. Cells 2020; 9:E610. [PMID: 32143310 PMCID: PMC7140400 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As a non-antibody scaffold, monobodies based on the fibronectin type III (FN3) domain overcome antibody size and complexity while maintaining analogous binding loops. However, antibodies and their derivatives remain the gold standard for the design of new therapeutics. In response, clinical-stage therapeutic proteins based on the FN3 domain are beginning to use native fibronectin function as a point of differentiation. The small and simple structure of monomeric monobodies confers increased tissue distribution and reduced half-life, whilst the absence of disulphide bonds improves stability in cytosolic environments. Where multi-specificity is challenging with an antibody format that is prone to mis-pairing between chains, multiple FN3 domains in the fibronectin assembly already interact with a large number of molecules. As such, multiple monobodies engineered for interaction with therapeutic targets are being combined in a similar beads-on-a-string assembly which improves both efficacy and pharmacokinetics. Furthermore, full length fibronectin is able to fold into multiple conformations as part of its natural function and a greater understanding of how mechanical forces allow for the transition between states will lead to advanced applications that truly differentiate the FN3 domain as a therapeutic scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter G. Chandler
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Australia;
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