1
|
Pasternak Y, Vong L, Merico D, Abrego Fuentes L, Scott O, Sham M, Fraser M, Watts-Dickens A, Willett Pachul J, Kim VH, Marshall CR, Scherer S, Roifman CM. Utilization of next-generation sequencing to define the role of heterozygous FOXN1 variants in immunodeficiency. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. GLOBAL 2024; 3:100267. [PMID: 38800615 PMCID: PMC11127205 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacig.2024.100267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Background Forkhead box protein N1 (FOXN1) transcription factor plays an essential role in the development of thymic epithelial cells, required for T-cell differentiation, maturation, and function. Biallelic pathogenic variants in FOXN1 cause severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). More recently, heterozygous variants in FOXN1, identified by restricted gene panels, were also implicated with causing a less severe and variable immunodeficiency. Objective We undertook longitudinal follow-up and advanced genetic investigations, including whole exome sequencing and whole genome sequencing, of newborns with a heterozygous variant in FOXN1. Methods Five patients (3 female, 2 male) have been followed since they were first detected with low T-cell receptor excision circles during newborn screening for SCID. Patients underwent immune evaluation as well as genetic testing, including a primary immunodeficiency panel, whole exome sequencing, and whole genome sequencing in some cases. Results Median follow-up time was 6.5 years. Initial investigations revealed low CD3+ T lymphocytes in all patients. One patient presented with extremely low lymphocyte counts and depressed phytohemagglutinin responses leading to a tentative diagnosis of SCID. Over a period of 2 years, CD3+ T-cell counts rose, although in some patients it remained borderline low. One of 5 children continues to experience recurrent upper respiratory infections and asthma episodes. The remaining are asymptomatic except for eczema in 2 of 5 cases. Lymphocyte proliferation responses to phytohemagglutinin were initially low in 3 patients but normalized by age 10 months. In 3 of 5 cases, T lymphocyte counts remain low/borderline low. Conclusion In cases of monoallelic FOXN1 variants, using whole exome sequencing and whole genome sequencing to rule out possible other significant pathogenic variants allowed us to proceed with confidence in a conservative manner, even in extreme cases consistent with newborn screen-positive early presentation of SCID.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yehonatan Pasternak
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children and the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Linda Vong
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children and the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Primary Immunodeficiency and the Jeffrey Modell Research Laboratory for the Diagnosis of Primary Immunodeficiency, The Hospital for Sick Children and Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniele Merico
- Vevo Therapeutics, San Francisco, Calif
- The Centre for Applied Genomics (TCAG), Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laura Abrego Fuentes
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children and the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ori Scott
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children and the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marina Sham
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children and the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Meghan Fraser
- Newborn Screening Program, Department of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children and the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Abby Watts-Dickens
- Newborn Screening Program, Department of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children and the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics and the McLaughlin Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jessica Willett Pachul
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children and the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vy H.D. Kim
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children and the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christian R. Marshall
- Division of Genome Diagnostics, Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen Scherer
- The Centre for Applied Genomics (TCAG), Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics and the McLaughlin Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chaim M. Roifman
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children and the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Primary Immunodeficiency and the Jeffrey Modell Research Laboratory for the Diagnosis of Primary Immunodeficiency, The Hospital for Sick Children and Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gomes ME, Kehdy F, de Neves-Manta FS, Horovitz DDG, Sanseverino MT, Leal GF, Felix TM, Cavalcanti DP, Llerena JC, Gonzalez S. Identification of a founder effect involving n.197C>T variant in RMRP gene associated to cartilage-hair hypoplasia syndrome in Brazilian patients. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13436. [PMID: 38862721 PMCID: PMC11166637 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64407-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Cartilage-hair hypoplasia syndrome (CHH) is an autosomal recessive disorder frequently linked to n.72A>G (previously known as n.70A>G and n.71A>G), the most common RMRP variant worldwide. More than 130 pathogenic variants in this gene have already been described associated with CHH, and founder alterations were reported in the Finnish and Japanese populations. Our previous study in Brazilian CHH patients showed a high prevalence of n.197C>T variant (former n.195C>T and n.196C>T) when compared to other populations. The aim of this study was to investigate a possible founder effect of the n.197C>T variant in the RMRP gene in a series of CHH Brazilian patients. We have selected four TAG SNPs within chromosome 9 and genotyped the probands and their parents (23 patients previously described and nine novel). A common haplotype to the n.197C>T variant carriers was identified. Patients were also characterized for 46 autosomal Ancestry Informative Markers (AIMs). European ancestry was the most prevalent (58%), followed by African (24%) and Native American (18%). Our results strengthen the hypothesis of a founder effect for the n.197C>T variant in Brazil and indicate that this variant in the RMRP gene originated from a single event on chromosome 9 with a possible European origin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Eduarda Gomes
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular/Medicina Genômica, Centro de Genética Médica Dr. José Carlos Cabral de Almeida & Serviço de Referência para Doenças Raras - Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira (IFF) - FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Kehdy
- Laboratório de Hanseníase da Fiocruz - Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC) - FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Dafne Dain Gandelman Horovitz
- Unidade de Genética Clínica, Centro de Genética Médica Dr. José Carlos Cabral de Almeida & Serviço de Referência para Doenças Raras - Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira (IFF) - FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriela Ferraz Leal
- Serviço de Genética Médica, Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira, Recife, Brazil
| | - Têmis Maria Felix
- Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Denise Pontes Cavalcanti
- Grupo de Displasias Esqueléticas, Genética Médica, Departamento de Medicina Translacional, FCM - UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Juan Clinton Llerena
- Unidade de Genética Clínica, Centro de Genética Médica Dr. José Carlos Cabral de Almeida & Serviço de Referência para Doenças Raras - Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira (IFF) - FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- INAGEMP - Instituto Nacional de Genética Médica Populacional, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina Fundação Arthur Sá Earp Jr, Petrópolis, Brazil
| | - Sayonara Gonzalez
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular/Medicina Genômica, Centro de Genética Médica Dr. José Carlos Cabral de Almeida & Serviço de Referência para Doenças Raras - Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira (IFF) - FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Uchida N, Ishii T, Nishimura G, Sato T, Kuratsuji G, Nagasaki K, Hosokawa Y, Adachi E, Takasawa K, Kashimada K, Tsujioka Y, Hasegawa T. RMRP-related short stature: A report of six additional Japanese individuals with cartilage hair hypoplasia and literature review. Am J Med Genet A 2024; 194:e63562. [PMID: 38337186 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Biallelic pathogenic variants in RMRP, the gene encoding the RNA component of RNase mitochondrial RNA processing enzyme complex, have been reported in individuals with cartilage hair hypoplasia (CHH). CHH is prevalent in Finnish and Amish populations due to a founder pathogenic variant, n.71A > G. Based on the manifestations in the Finnish and Amish individuals, the hallmarks of CHH are prenatal-onset growth failure, metaphyseal dysplasia, hair hypoplasia, immunodeficiency, and other extraskeletal manifestations. Herein, we report six Japanese individuals with CHH from four families. All probands presented with moderate short stature with mild metaphyseal dysplasia or brachydactyly. One of them had hair hypoplasia and the other immunodeficiency. By contrast, the affected siblings of two families showed only mild short stature. We also reviewed all previously reported 13 Japanese individuals. No n.71A > G allele was detected. The proportions of Japanese versus Finnish individuals were 0% versus 70% for birth length < -2.0 SD, 84% versus 100% for metaphyseal dysplasia and 26% versus 88% for hair hypoplasia. Milder manifestations in the Japanese individuals may be related to the difference of genotypes. The mildest form of CHH phenotypes is mild short stature without overt skeletal alteration or extraskeletal manifestation and can be termed "RMRP-related short stature".
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noboru Uchida
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Saiseikai Utsunomiya Hospital, Utsunomiya, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Ishii
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gen Nishimura
- Department of Radiology, Musashino Yohwakai Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sato
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gen Kuratsuji
- Department of Pediatrics, Niigata Prefectural Central Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Keisuke Nagasaki
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Homeostatic Regulation and Development, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yuki Hosokawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Eriko Adachi
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Takasawa
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Kashimada
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Medical and University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Tsujioka
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomonobu Hasegawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Park JH, Im M, Kim YJ, Jang JH, Lee SM, Kim MS, Cho SY. Cartilage-hair hypoplasia-anauxetic dysplasia spectrum disorders harboring RMRP mutations in two Korean children: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37247. [PMID: 38787970 PMCID: PMC11124728 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Cartilage-hair hypoplasia (CHH, OMIM # 250250) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder, which includes cartilage-hair hypoplasia-anauxetic dysplasia (CHH-AD) spectrum disorders. CHH-AD is caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in the RNA component of the mitochondrial RNA-processing Endoribonuclease (RMRP) gene. PATIENT CONCERNS Here, we report 2 cases of Korean children with CHH-AD. DIAGNOSES In the first case, the patient had metaphyseal dysplasia without hypotrichosis, diagnosed by whole exome sequencing (WES), and exhibited only skeletal dysplasia and lacked extraskeletal manifestations, such as hair hypoplasia and immunodeficiency. In the second case, the patient had skeletal dysplasia, hair hypoplasia, and immunodeficiency, which were identified by WES. INTERVENTIONS The second case is the first CHH reported in Korea. The patients in both cases received regular immune and lung function checkups. OUTCOMES Our cases suggest that children with extremely short stature from birth, with or without extraskeletal manifestations, should include CHH-AD as a differential diagnosis. LESSONS SUBSECTIONS Clinical suspicion is the most important and RMRP sequencing should be considered for the diagnosis of CHH-AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ju Heon Park
- Department of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Minji Im
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yae-Jean Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ja-Hyun Jang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Min-Sun Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Yoon Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Vakkilainen S, Ahonen K, Mäkitie O. Validation of Risk Factors for Early Mortality in Cartilage-Hair Hypoplasia. J Clin Immunol 2024; 44:115. [PMID: 38676846 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-024-01714-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Vakkilainen
- Children's Hospital and Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Kira Ahonen
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Outi Mäkitie
- Children's Hospital and Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, and Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Arponen H, Vakkilainen S, Tomnikov N, Kallonen T, Silling S, Mäkitie O, Rautava J. Altered oral microbiome, but normal human papilloma virus prevalence in cartilage-hair hypoplasia patients. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2024; 19:169. [PMID: 38637854 PMCID: PMC11027548 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-024-03164-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cartilage-hair hypoplasia (CHH) is a rare syndromic immunodeficiency with metaphyseal chondrodysplasia and increased risk of malignancy. In this cross-sectional observational study, we examined HPV status and oral microbiome in individuals with CHH. Oral brush samples were collected from 20 individuals with CHH (aged 5-59 years) and 41 controls (1-69 years). Alpha HPVs (43 types) were tested by nested PCR followed by bead-based probe hybridization. Separately, beta-, gamma-, mu- and nu- HPV types were investigated, and a genome-based bacterial microbiome sequencing was performed. RESULTS We found a similar alpha HPV prevalence in individuals with CHH (45%) and controls (36%). The HPV types of individuals with CHH were HPV-16 (25%), 27, 28, and 78, and of controls HPV-3, 16 (21%), 27, and 61. Beta HPV positivity and combined beta/gamma/mu/nu prevalence was detected in 11% and 11% of individuals with CHH and in 5% and 3% of the controls, respectively. Individuals with CHH differed from the controls in bacterial microbiota diversity, richness, and in microbial composition. Individuals with CHH had lower abundance of species Mitsuokella sp000469545, Parascardovia denticolens, Propionibacterium acidifaciens, UMGS1907 sp004151455, Salinicola halophilus, Haemophilus_A paraphrohaemolyticus, Fusobacterium massiliense, and Veillonella parvula, and higher abundance of Slackia exigua. CONCLUSIONS Individuals with CHH exhibit similar prevalence of HPV DNA but different bacterial microbiota on their oral mucosa compared to healthy controls. This may partly explain the previously observed high prevalence of oral diseases in CHH, and regular oral examination is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Arponen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Helsinki University Hospital Head and Neck Center, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 1, Helsinki, Finland.
- Pediatric Research Center, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
- Western Uusimaa Wellbeing Services County, Espoo, Finland.
| | - Svetlana Vakkilainen
- Pediatric Research Center, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Natalie Tomnikov
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Clinical Microbiology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Teemu Kallonen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Clinical Microbiology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Steffi Silling
- National Reference Centre for Papilloma- and Polyomaviruses, Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Outi Mäkitie
- Pediatric Research Center, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet and Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jaana Rautava
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Helsinki University Hospital Head and Neck Center, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 1, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Pathology, HUSLAB Diagnostics, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhou B, Wan F, Lei KX, Lan P, Wu J, Lei M. Coevolution of RNA and protein subunits in RNase P and RNase MRP, two RNA processing enzymes. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105729. [PMID: 38336296 PMCID: PMC10966300 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.105729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
RNase P and RNase mitochondrial RNA processing (MRP) are ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) that consist of a catalytic RNA and a varying number of protein cofactors. RNase P is responsible for precursor tRNA maturation in all three domains of life, while RNase MRP, exclusive to eukaryotes, primarily functions in rRNA biogenesis. While eukaryotic RNase P is associated with more protein cofactors and has an RNA subunit with fewer auxiliary structural elements compared to its bacterial cousin, the double-anchor precursor tRNA recognition mechanism has remarkably been preserved during evolution. RNase MRP shares evolutionary and structural similarities with RNase P, preserving the catalytic core within the RNA moiety inherited from their common ancestor. By incorporating new protein cofactors and RNA elements, RNase MRP has established itself as a distinct RNP capable of processing ssRNA substrates. The structural information on RNase P and MRP helps build an evolutionary trajectory, depicting how emerging protein cofactors harmonize with the evolution of RNA to shape different functions for RNase P and MRP. Here, we outline the structural and functional relationship between RNase P and MRP to illustrate the coevolution of RNA and protein cofactors, a key driver for the extant, diverse RNP world.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhou
- Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Futang Wan
- Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kevin X Lei
- Shanghai High School International Division, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengfei Lan
- Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Shanghai, China; Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jian Wu
- Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ming Lei
- Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Da Costa L, Mohandas N, David-NGuyen L, Platon J, Marie I, O'Donohue MF, Leblanc T, Gleizes PE. Diamond-Blackfan anemia, the archetype of ribosomopathy: How distinct is it from the other constitutional ribosomopathies? Blood Cells Mol Dis 2024:102838. [PMID: 38413287 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2024.102838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) was the first ribosomopathy described in humans. DBA is a congenital hypoplastic anemia, characterized by macrocytic aregenerative anemia, manifesting by differentiation blockage between the BFU-e/CFU-e developmental erythroid progenitor stages. In 50 % of the DBA cases, various malformations are noted. Strikingly, for a hematological disease with a relative erythroid tropism, DBA is due to ribosomal haploinsufficiency in 24 different ribosomal protein (RP) genes. A few other genes have been described in DBA-like disorders, but they do not fit into the classical DBA phenotype (Sankaran et al., 2012; van Dooijeweert et al., 2022; Toki et al., 2018; Kim et al., 2017 [1-4]). Haploinsufficiency in a RP gene leads to defective ribosomal RNA (rRNA) maturation, which is a hallmark of DBA. However, the mechanistic understandings of the erythroid tropism defect in DBA are still to be fully defined. Erythroid defect in DBA has been recently been linked in a non-exclusive manner to a number of mechanisms that include: 1) a defect in translation, in particular for the GATA1 erythroid gene; 2) a deficit of HSP70, the GATA1 chaperone, and 3) free heme toxicity. In addition, p53 activation in response to ribosomal stress is involved in DBA pathophysiology. The DBA phenotype may thus result from the combined contributions of various actors, which may explain the heterogenous phenotypes observed in DBA patients, even within the same family.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Da Costa
- Service d'Hématologie Biologique (Hematology Diagnostic Lab), AP-HP, Hôpital Bicêtre, F-94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; University of Paris Saclay, F-94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; University of Paris Cité, F-75010 Paris, France; University of Picardie Jules Verne, F-80000 Amiens, France; Inserm U1170, IGR, F-94805 Villejuif/HEMATIM UR4666, F-80000 Amiens, France; Laboratory of Excellence for Red Cells, LABEX GR-Ex, F-75015 Paris, France.
| | | | - Ludivine David-NGuyen
- Service d'Hématologie Biologique (Hematology Diagnostic Lab), AP-HP, Hôpital Bicêtre, F-94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Jessica Platon
- Inserm U1170, IGR, F-94805 Villejuif/HEMATIM UR4666, F-80000 Amiens, France
| | - Isabelle Marie
- Service d'Hématologie Biologique (Hematology Diagnostic Lab), AP-HP, Hôpital Bicêtre, F-94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Marie Françoise O'Donohue
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental biology department (MCD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Thierry Leblanc
- Service d'immuno-hématologie pédiatrique, Hôpital Robert-Debré, F-75019 Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Gleizes
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental biology department (MCD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pello E, Kainulainen L, Vakkilainen M, Klemetti P, Taskinen M, Mäkitie O, Vakkilainen S. Shorter birth length and decreased T-cell production and function predict severe infections in children with non-severe combined immunodeficiency cartilage-hair hypoplasia. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. GLOBAL 2024; 3:100190. [PMID: 38187867 PMCID: PMC10770609 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacig.2023.100190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Background Cartilage-hair hypoplasia (CHH) is a syndromic inborn error of immunity caused by variants in the RMRP gene. Disease manifestations vary, and their ability to predict outcome is uncertain. The optimal management of infants with CHH who do not fulfill classical severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) criteria is unknown. Objective We described longitudinal changes in lymphocyte counts during childhood and explored correlations of early childhood clinical and laboratory features with clinical outcomes on long-term follow-up of CHH patients. Methods Immunologic laboratory parameters, birth length, the presence of Hirschsprung disease, and severe anemia correlated to the primary end points of respiratory and severe infections. We implemented traditional statistical methods and machine learning techniques. Results Thirty-two children with CHH were followed up for 2.7 to 22.1 years (median, 8.2 years, in total 331.3 patient-years). None of the patients had classical SCID. Median lymphocyte subclass counts, apart from CD16+/56+ cells, were subnormal throughout childhood, but did not show age-related decline seen in healthy children. Low immunoglobulin levels were uncommon and often transient. Respiratory and/or severe infections developed in 14 children, 8 of whom had low naive T-cell counts, absent T-cell receptor excision circles, and/or partial "leaky" SCID-level lymphopenia. Shorter birth length correlated with lower lymphocyte counts and the occurrence of infections. Of the laboratory parameters, decreased naive T-cell counts and abnormal lymphocyte proliferation responses contributed most to the development of severe infections. In addition, all participants with absent T-cell receptor excision circles developed severe infections. Opportunistic infections occurred only in children with leaky SCID-level lymphopenia. Conclusions Shorter birth length and a combination of laboratory abnormalities can predict the development of severe infections in children with CHH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eetu Pello
- Children and Adolescents, Pediatric Research Center, Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leena Kainulainen
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescents, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Paula Klemetti
- Children and Adolescents, Pediatric Research Center, Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mervi Taskinen
- Children and Adolescents, Pediatric Research Center, Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation (SCT), Children’s Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Outi Mäkitie
- Children and Adolescents, Pediatric Research Center, Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, and Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Svetlana Vakkilainen
- Children and Adolescents, Pediatric Research Center, Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sizer RE, Butterfield SP, Hancocks LA, Gato De Sousa L, White RJ. Selective Occupation by E2F and RB of Loci Expressed by RNA Polymerase III. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:481. [PMID: 38339234 PMCID: PMC10854548 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16030481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In all cases tested, TFIIIB is responsible for recruiting pol III to its genetic templates. In mammalian cells, RB binds TFIIIB and prevents its interactions with both promoter DNA and pol III, thereby suppressing transcription. As TFIIIB is not recruited to its target genes when bound by RB, the mechanism predicts that pol III-dependent templates will not be occupied by RB; this contrasts with the situation at most genes controlled by RB, where it can be tethered by promoter-bound sequence-specific DNA-binding factors such as E2F. Contrary to this prediction, however, ChIP-seq data reveal the presence of RB in multiple cell types and the related protein p130 at many loci that rely on pol III for their expression, including RMRP, RN7SL, and a variety of tRNA genes. The sets of genes targeted varies according to cell type and growth state. In such cases, recruitment of RB and p130 can be explained by binding of E2F1, E2F4 and/or E2F5. Genes transcribed by pol III had not previously been identified as common targets of E2F family members. The data provide evidence that E2F may allow for the selective regulation of specific non-coding RNAs by RB, in addition to its influence on overall pol III output through its interaction with TFIIIB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Robert J. White
- Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK; (R.E.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li J, Zhou L, Jiang Y, Gao H, Maierhaba T, Gong H. Long noncoding RNA RMRP ameliorates doxorubicin-induced apoptosis by interacting with PFN1 in a P53-Dependent manner. Mol Cell Probes 2023; 72:101937. [PMID: 37820747 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2023.101937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) often causes acute or chronic cardiotoxicity during its application. LncRNA RMRP has been reported to be associated with several biological processes, such as cartilage-hair hypoplasia, but the relationship between RMRP and DOX-induced cardiotoxicity and chronic heart failure remains obscure. To test this hypothesis, GSE124401 and GSE149870 were processed for bioinformatics, and differentially expressed RMRP was then verified in the peripheral blood of 21 patients with heart failure compared with 7 controls. For in vitro validation, we used AC16 and HEK-293T cells. qPCR was used to detect the mRNA expression levels. The degree of apoptosis was detected by Western blot and TUNEL staining. Furthermore, the interaction between RMRP and PFN1 mRNA was verified by dual-luciferase reporter assays. In bioinformatics, RMRP showed significant downregulation, which was verified in clinical samples (p < 0.001) and DOX-treated AC16 models (p < 0.0001). Next, overexpression of RMRP could significantly alleviate DOX-induced apoptosis, and a potential downstream molecule of RMRP, PFN1, was also negatively associated with this change. RESCUE experiments further confirmed that PFN1 could be regulated by RMRP at both the RNA and protein levels, serving as a downstream mediator of RMRP's cardioprotective effects. This interaction was then confirmed to be a direct combination (p < 0.0001). Finally, we found that overexpression of RMRP could inhibit the expression of p53 and its phosphorylation level by suppressing PFN1. In summary, RMRP could exert cardioprotective effects via the PFN1/p53 axis, holding great promise for serving as a therapeutic target and potential biomarker.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juexing Li
- Department of Cardiology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China; Department of Internal Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China; Department of Internal Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yuanliang Jiang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hailan Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China; Department of Internal Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Tuersuntuoheti Maierhaba
- Department of Cardiology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China; Department of Internal Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hui Gong
- Department of Cardiology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China; Department of Internal Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yegorov YE. Olovnikov, Telomeres, and Telomerase. Is It Possible to Prolong a Healthy Life? BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2023; 88:1704-1718. [PMID: 38105192 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923110032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The science of telomeres and telomerase has made tremendous progress in recent decades. In this review, we consider it first in a historical context (the Carrel-Hayflick-Olovnikov-Blackburn chain of discoveries) and then review current knowledge on the telomere structure and dynamics in norm and pathology. Central to the review are consequences of the telomere shortening, including telomere position effects, DNA damage signaling, and increased genetic instability. Cell senescence and role of telomere length in its development are discussed separately. Therapeutic aspects and risks of telomere lengthening methods including use of telomerase and other approaches are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yegor E Yegorov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Remmelzwaal PC, Verhagen MV, Jongbloed JDH, van den Akker PC, Veenstra-Knol HE, Hitzert MM. Expanding the phenotype of anauxetic dysplasia caused by biallelic NEPRO mutations: A case report. Am J Med Genet A 2023; 191:2440-2445. [PMID: 37294112 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The cartilage hair hypoplasia and anauxetic dysplasia (CHH-AD) spectrum encompasses a group of rare skeletal disorders, with anauxetic dysplasia (ANXD) at the most severe end of the spectrum. Biallelic variants in RMRP, POP1, and NEPRO (C3orf17) have previously been associated with the three currently recognized ANXD types. Generally, all types are characterized by severe short stature, brachydactyly, skin laxity, joint hypermobility and dislocations, and extensive skeletal abnormalities visible on radiological evaluation. Thus far, only five patients with type 3 anauxetic dysplasia (ANXD3) have been reported. Here, we describe one additional ANXD3 patient. We provide a detailed physical and radiological evaluation of this patient, in whom we identified a homozygous variant, c.280C > T, p.(Arg94Cys), in NEPRO. Our patient presented with clinically relevant features not previously described in ANXD3: atlantoaxial subluxation, extensive dental anomalies, and a sagittal suture craniosynostosis resulting in scaphocephaly. We provide an overview of the literature on ANXD3 and discuss our patient's characteristics in the context of previously described patients. This study expands the phenotypic spectrum of ANXD, particularly ANXD3. Greater awareness of the possibility of atlantoaxial subluxation, dental anomalies, and craniosynostosis may lead to more timely diagnosis and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Christian Remmelzwaal
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn V Verhagen
- Department of Radiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan D H Jongbloed
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter C van den Akker
- Department of Genetics, Groningen Expertise Center for Genodermatoses, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hermine E Veenstra-Knol
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marrit M Hitzert
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Guo L, Salian S, Xue JY, Rath N, Rousseau J, Kim H, Ehresmann S, Moosa S, Nakagawa N, Kuroda H, Clayton-Smith J, Wang J, Wang Z, Banka S, Jackson A, Zhang YM, Wei ZJ, Hüning I, Brunet T, Ohashi H, Thomas MF, Bupp C, Miyake N, Matsumoto N, Mendoza-Londono R, Costain G, Hahn G, Di Donato N, Yigit G, Yamada T, Nishimura G, Ansel KM, Wollnik B, Hrabě de Angelis M, Mégarbané A, Rosenfeld JA, Heissmeyer V, Ikegawa S, Campeau PM. Null and missense mutations of ERI1 cause a recessive phenotypic dichotomy in humans. Am J Hum Genet 2023; 110:1068-1085. [PMID: 37352860 PMCID: PMC10357479 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2023.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
ERI1 is a 3'-to-5' exoribonuclease involved in RNA metabolic pathways including 5.8S rRNA processing and turnover of histone mRNAs. Its biological and medical significance remain unclear. Here, we uncover a phenotypic dichotomy associated with bi-allelic ERI1 variants by reporting eight affected individuals from seven unrelated families. A severe spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia (SEMD) was identified in five affected individuals with missense variants but not in those with bi-allelic null variants, who showed mild intellectual disability and digital anomalies. The ERI1 missense variants cause a loss of the exoribonuclease activity, leading to defective trimming of the 5.8S rRNA 3' end and a decreased degradation of replication-dependent histone mRNAs. Affected-individual-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) showed impaired in vitro chondrogenesis with downregulation of genes regulating skeletal patterning. Our study establishes an entity previously unreported in OMIM and provides a model showing a more severe effect of missense alleles than null alleles within recessive genotypes, suggesting a key role of ERI1-mediated RNA metabolism in human skeletal patterning and chondrogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Long Guo
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China; National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China; Center of Medical Genetics, Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital, the Affiliated Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710003, China.
| | - Smrithi Salian
- Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte Justine Research Center, University of Montreal, 3175 Cote-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Jing-Yi Xue
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China; Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Nicola Rath
- Research Unit Molecular Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Justine Rousseau
- Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte Justine Research Center, University of Montreal, 3175 Cote-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Hyunyun Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte Justine Research Center, University of Montreal, 3175 Cote-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Sophie Ehresmann
- Molecular Biology Program, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Shahida Moosa
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Stellenbosch University and Medical Genetics, Tygerberg Hospital, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
| | - Norio Nakagawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, North Medical Center, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kuroda
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto City Hospital, Kyoto 604-8845, Japan
| | - Jill Clayton-Smith
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University Foundation NHS Trust, Health Innovation Manchester, M13 9WL Manchester, UK; Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, M13 9PL Manchester, UK
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Siddharth Banka
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University Foundation NHS Trust, Health Innovation Manchester, M13 9WL Manchester, UK; Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, M13 9PL Manchester, UK
| | - Adam Jackson
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University Foundation NHS Trust, Health Innovation Manchester, M13 9WL Manchester, UK; Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, M13 9PL Manchester, UK
| | - Yan-Min Zhang
- Shaanxi Institute for Pediatric Diseases, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710082, China
| | - Zhen-Jie Wei
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Irina Hüning
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Theresa Brunet
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, 80333 Munich, Germany; Department of Paediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Hirofumi Ohashi
- Division of Medical Genetics, Saitama Children's Hospital, Saitama 330-8777, Japan
| | - Molly F Thomas
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Caleb Bupp
- Spectrum Health, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Noriko Miyake
- Department of Human Genetics, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Naomichi Matsumoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Roberto Mendoza-Londono
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, SickKids Research Institute, and Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Gregory Costain
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Gabriele Hahn
- Institute for Radiological Diagnostics, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Nataliya Di Donato
- Institute for Clinical Genetics, University Hospital, TU Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Gökhan Yigit
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Takahiro Yamada
- Department of Medical Ethics and Medical Genetics, Kyoto University School of Public Health, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Gen Nishimura
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - K Mark Ansel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Bernd Wollnik
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabě de Angelis
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Chair of Experimental Genetics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - André Mégarbané
- Department of Human Genetics, Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, 1102-2801, Lebanon and Institut Jerome Lejeune, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Jill A Rosenfeld
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Baylor Genetics Laboratories, Houston, TX 77021, USA
| | - Vigo Heissmeyer
- Research Unit Molecular Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-81377 Munich, Germany; Institute for Immunology, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität in Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Shiro Ikegawa
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Philippe M Campeau
- Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte Justine Research Center, University of Montreal, 3175 Cote-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Speckmann C, Nennstiel U, Hönig M, Albert MH, Ghosh S, Schuetz C, Brockow I, Hörster F, Niehues T, Ehl S, Wahn V, Borte S, Lehmberg K, Baumann U, Beier R, Krüger R, Bakhtiar S, Kuehl JS, Klemann C, Kontny U, Holzer U, Meinhardt A, Morbach H, Naumann-Bartsch N, Rothoeft T, Kreins AY, Davies EG, Schneider DT, Bernuth HV, Klingebiel T, Hoffmann GF, Schulz A, Hauck F. Prospective Newborn Screening for SCID in Germany: A First Analysis by the Pediatric Immunology Working Group (API). J Clin Immunol 2023; 43:965-978. [PMID: 36843153 PMCID: PMC9968632 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-023-01450-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGR OUND T-cell receptor excision circle (TREC)-based newborn screening (NBS) for severe combined immunodeficiencies (SCID) was introduced in Germany in August 2019. METHODS Children with abnormal TREC-NBS were referred to a newly established network of Combined Immunodeficiency (CID) Clinics and Centers. The Working Group for Pediatric Immunology (API) and German Society for Newborn Screening (DGNS) performed 6-monthly surveys to assess the TREC-NBS process after 2.5 years. RESULTS Among 1.9 million screened newborns, 88 patients with congenital T-cell lymphocytopenia were identified (25 SCID, 17 leaky SCID/Omenn syndrome (OS)/idiopathic T-cell lymphocytopenia, and 46 syndromic disorders). A genetic diagnosis was established in 88%. Twenty-six patients underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), 23/26 within 4 months of life. Of these, 25/26 (96%) were alive at last follow-up. Two patients presented with in utero onset OS and died after birth. Five patients with syndromic disorders underwent thymus transplantation. Eight syndromic patients deceased, all from non-immunological complications. TREC-NBS missed one patient, who later presented clinically, and one tracking failure occurred after an inconclusive screening result. CONCLUSION The German TREC-NBS represents the largest European SCID screening at this point. The incidence of SCID/leaky SCID/OS in Germany is approximately 1:54,000, very similar to previous observations from North American and European regions and countries where TREC-NBS was implemented. The newly founded API-CID network facilitates tracking and treatment of identified patients. Short-term HSCT outcome was excellent, but NBS and transplant registries will remain essential to evaluate the long-term outcome and to compare results across the rising numbers of TREC-NBS programs across Europe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Speckmann
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Mathildenstr. 1, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Uta Nennstiel
- Screening Center, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority (LGL), Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Manfred Hönig
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Michael H Albert
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Sujal Ghosh
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University - University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Catharina Schuetz
- Department of Pediatrics, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Inken Brockow
- Screening Center, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority (LGL), Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Friederike Hörster
- Center for Child and Adolescent Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tim Niehues
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Helios Hospital Krefeld, Krefeld, Germany
| | - Stephan Ehl
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Volker Wahn
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Borte
- Immuno Deficiency Center Leipzig, Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic and Research Center for Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases, Hospital St. Georg, 04129, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kai Lehmberg
- Division of Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunology, Clinic for Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Baumann
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Rita Beier
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Renate Krüger
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Shahrzad Bakhtiar
- Division for Stem Cell Transplantation, Immunology and Intensive Care Medicine, Department for Children and Adolescents, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - Joern-Sven Kuehl
- Department for Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology & Infectiology, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christian Klemann
- Department for Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology & Infectiology, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Udo Kontny
- Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ursula Holzer
- University Children's Hospital, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Andrea Meinhardt
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center, University Hospital Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Henner Morbach
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nora Naumann-Bartsch
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tobias Rothoeft
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Catholic Hospital Bochum, Ruhr-University of Bochum, 44791, Bochum, Germany
| | - Alexandra Y Kreins
- Department of Immunology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children and UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - E Graham Davies
- Department of Immunology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children and UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Dominik T Schneider
- Clinic of Pediatrics, Municipal Hospital Dortmund, University Witten-Herdecke, Witten, Germany
| | - Horst V Bernuth
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- Labor Berlin Charité-Vivantes, Department of Immunology, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Klingebiel
- Division for Stem Cell Transplantation, Immunology and Intensive Care Medicine, Department for Children and Adolescents, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - Georg F Hoffmann
- Center for Child and Adolescent Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ansgar Schulz
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Fabian Hauck
- Divison of Pediatric Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Lindwurmstr. 4, 80337, Munich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Schneider C, Bohnsack KE. Caught in the act-Visualizing ribonucleases during eukaryotic ribosome assembly. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2023; 14:e1766. [PMID: 36254602 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Ribosomes are essential macromolecular machines responsible for translating the genetic information encoded in mRNAs into proteins. Ribosomes are composed of ribosomal RNAs and proteins (rRNAs and RPs) and the rRNAs fulfill both catalytic and architectural functions. Excision of the mature eukaryotic rRNAs from their precursor transcript is achieved through a complex series of endoribonucleolytic cleavages and exoribonucleolytic processing steps that are precisely coordinated with other aspects of ribosome assembly. Many ribonucleases involved in pre-rRNA processing have been identified and pre-rRNA processing pathways are relatively well defined. However, momentous advances in cryo-electron microscopy have recently enabled structural snapshots of various pre-ribosomal particles from budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and human cells to be captured and, excitingly, these structures not only allow pre-rRNAs to be observed before and after cleavage events, but also enable ribonucleases to be visualized on their target RNAs. These structural views of pre-rRNA processing in action allow a new layer of understanding of rRNA maturation and how it is coordinated with other aspects of ribosome assembly. They illuminate mechanisms of target recognition by the diverse ribonucleases involved and reveal how the cleavage/processing activities of these enzymes are regulated. In this review, we discuss the new insights into pre-rRNA processing gained by structural analyses and the growing understanding of the mechanisms of ribonuclease regulation. This article is categorized under: Translation > Ribosome Biogenesis RNA Processing > rRNA Processing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Schneider
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Katherine E Bohnsack
- Department of Molecular Biology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yin H, Chen L, Piao S, Wang Y, Li Z, Lin Y, Tang X, Zhang H, Zhang H, Wang X. M6A RNA methylation-mediated RMRP stability renders proliferation and progression of non-small cell lung cancer through regulating TGFBR1/SMAD2/SMAD3 pathway. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:605-617. [PMID: 34628486 PMCID: PMC9984538 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00888-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has the highest mortality rate among all malignancies worldwide. The role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the progression of cancers is a contemporary research hotspot. Based on an integrative analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas database, we identified lncRNA-RNA Component of Mitochondrial RNA Processing Endoribonuclease (RMRP) as one of the most highly upregulated lncRNAs that are associated with poor survival in NSCLC. Furthermore, N(6)-methyladenosine (m6A) was highly enriched within RMRP and enhanced its RNA stability. In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that RMRP promoted NSCLC cell proliferation, invasion, and migration. In terms of mechanism, RMRP recruited YBX1 to the TGFBR1 promotor region, leading to upregulation of the transcription of TGFBR1. The TGFBR1/SMAD2/SMAD3 pathway was also regulated by RMRP. In addition, RMRP promoted the cancer stem cells properties and epithelial mesenchymal transition, which promote the resistance to radiation therapy and cisplatin. Clinical data further confirmed a positive correlation between RMRP and TGFBR1. In short, our work reveals that m6A RNA methylation-mediated RMRP stability renders proliferation and progression of NSCLC through regulating TGFBR1/SMAD2/SMAD3 pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, PR China
- Department of Pharmacology, State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, PR China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, PR China
| | - Shiqi Piao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, PR China
| | - Yiru Wang
- Department of Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, PR China
| | - Zhange Li
- Department of Pharmacology, State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, PR China
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, PR China
| | - Yuan Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, PR China
| | - Xueqing Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, PR China
| | - Huijuan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shangdong Province, PR China
| | - Haiyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, PR China
| | - Xiaoyuan Wang
- Department of Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Watt KE, Macintosh J, Bernard G, Trainor PA. RNA Polymerases I and III in development and disease. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023; 136:49-63. [PMID: 35422389 PMCID: PMC9550887 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ribosomes are macromolecular machines that are globally required for the translation of all proteins in all cells. Ribosome biogenesis, which is essential for cell growth, proliferation and survival, commences with transcription of a variety of RNAs by RNA Polymerases I and III. RNA Polymerase I (Pol I) transcribes ribosomal RNA (rRNA), while RNA Polymerase III (Pol III) transcribes 5S ribosomal RNA and transfer RNAs (tRNA) in addition to a wide variety of small non-coding RNAs. Interestingly, despite their global importance, disruptions in Pol I and Pol III function result in tissue-specific developmental disorders, with craniofacial anomalies and leukodystrophy/neurodegenerative disease being among the most prevalent. Furthermore, pathogenic variants in genes encoding subunits shared between Pol I and Pol III give rise to distinct syndromes depending on whether Pol I or Pol III function is disrupted. In this review, we discuss the global roles of Pol I and III transcription, the consequences of disruptions in Pol I and III transcription, disorders arising from pathogenic variants in Pol I and Pol III subunits, and mechanisms underpinning their tissue-specific phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin En Watt
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Julia Macintosh
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Child Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Geneviève Bernard
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Child Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada; Departments of Pediatrics and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Specialized Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Paul A Trainor
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA; Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Tüysüz B, Kasap B, Sarıtaş M, Alkaya DU, Bozlak S, Kıykım A, Durmaz A, Yıldırım T, Akpınar E, Apak H, Vural M. Natural history and genetic spectrum of the Turkish metaphyseal dysplasia cohort, including rare types caused by biallelic COL10A1, COL2A1, and LBR variants. Bone 2023; 167:116614. [PMID: 36400164 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2022.116614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metaphyseal chondrodysplasias are a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by short and bowed long bones and metaphyseal abnormality. The aim of this study is to investigate the genetic etiology and prognostic findings in patients with metaphyseal dysplasia. METHODS Twenty-four Turkish patients were included in this study and 13 of them were followed for 2-21 years. COL10A1, RMRP sequencing and whole exome sequencing were performed. RESULTS Results: Seven heterozygous pathogenic variants in COL10A1 were detected in 17 patients with Schmid type metaphyseal chondrodysplasia(MCDS). The phenotype was more severe in patients with heterozygous missense variants (one in signal peptide domain at the N-terminus of the protein, the other, class-1 group mutation at NC1 domain) compared to the patients with truncating variants. Short stature and coxa vara deformity appeared after 3 and 5 years of age, respectively, while large femoral head resolved after the age of 13 years in MCDS group. Interestingly, one patient with severe phenotype also had a biallelic missense variant in NC1 domain of COL10A1. Three patients with biallelic mutations in RMRP had prenatal onset short stature with short limb, and typical findings of cartilage hair hypoplasia (CHH). While immunodeficiency or recurrent infections were not observed, resistant congenital anemia was detected in one. Biallelic mutation in LBR was described in a patient with prenatal onset short stature, short and curved limb and metaphyseal abnormalities. Unlike previously reported patients, this patient had ectodermal findings, similar to CHH. A biallelic COL2A1 mutation was also found in the patient with lower limb deformities and metaphyseal involvement without vertebral and epiphyseal changes. CONCLUSION Long-term clinical characteristics are presented in a metaphyseal dysplasia cohort, including rare types caused by biallelic COL10A1, COL2A1, and LBR variants. We also point out that the domains where mutations on COL10A1 take place are important in the genotype-phenotype relationship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beyhan Tüysüz
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Büşra Kasap
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Genetics, Istanbul University, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Merve Sarıtaş
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Genetics, Istanbul University, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dilek Uludağ Alkaya
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serdar Bozlak
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayça Kıykım
- Department of Pediatric Immunology and Allergy, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Asude Durmaz
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Timur Yıldırım
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Baltalimani Bone Diseases Training and Research Center, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Evren Akpınar
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Baltalimani Bone Diseases Training and Research Center, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hilmi Apak
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Vural
- Department of Neonatology, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sagris M, Theofilis P, Antonopoulos AS, Tsioufis K, Tousoulis D. Telomere Length: A Cardiovascular Biomarker and a Novel Therapeutic Target. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416010. [PMID: 36555658 PMCID: PMC9781338 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a multifactorial disease with a high prevalence, particularly in developing countries. Currently, the investigation of telomeres as a potential tool for the early detection of the atherosclerotic disease seems to be a promising method. Telomeres are repetitive DNA sequences located at the extremities of chromosomes that maintain genetic stability. Telomere length (TL) has been associated with several human disorders and diseases while its attrition rate varies significantly in the population. The rate of TL shortening ranges between 20 and 50 bp and is affected by factors such as the end-replication phenomenon, oxidative stress, and other DNA-damaging agents. In this review, we delve not only into the pathophysiology of TL shortening but also into its association with cardiovascular disease and the progression of atherosclerosis. We also provide current and future treatment options based on TL and telomerase function, trying to highlight the importance of these cutting-edge developments and their clinical relevance.
Collapse
|
21
|
Otaify GA, Al Baluki W, Al-Rashdi S, Al-Maawali A. Shohat type-spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia: Further phenotypic delineation. Eur J Med Genet 2022; 65:104640. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2022.104640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
22
|
Rajala K, Kasanen E, Toiviainen‐Salo S, Valta H, Mäkitie O, Stefanovic V, Tanner L. Genetic spectrum of prenatally diagnosed skeletal dysplasias in a Finnish patient cohort. Prenat Diagn 2022; 42:1525-1537. [PMID: 35611473 PMCID: PMC9796183 DOI: 10.1002/pd.6186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This retrospective cohort study aims to describe the genetic spectrum of fetal skeletal dysplasias detected in a Finnish patient cohort and the diagnostic yield of various analysis methods used. METHOD A total of 121 pregnancies with prenatally suspected or diagnosed skeletal dysplasia were analyzed between 2013 and 2020. Clinical details and findings from genetic testing were collected. RESULTS Abnormal ultrasound triggered further testing in most cases. However, there were several cases with increased nuchal translucency and/or abnormal risk ratio in the first trimester combined screening as the initial finding. Further genetic testing was performed in 84/121 (69.4%) cases. A genetic diagnosis was confirmed in 36/84 (42.9%) cases. Half of the identified cases could be attributed to a founder mutation specific to the Finnish Disease Heritage, whereas the other half consisted of a variety of other genetic defects. CONCLUSION In our patient cohort, the overall genetic spectrum of prenatally diagnosed skeletal dysplasias was wide. However, the impact of Finnish founder mutations was considerable, suggesting that the genetic spectrum of skeletal dysplasias may differ significantly between populations. This should be taken into consideration during the diagnostic process especially as initial ultrasound findings may be unspecific and the interpretation of ultrasound features is usually difficult.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katri Rajala
- Department of Clinical GeneticsKuopio University HospitalKuopioFinland,University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | | | - Sanna Toiviainen‐Salo
- Department of Pediatric RadiologyHUS Medical Imaging CenterHelsinki University HospitalUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland,Research Program for Clinical and Molecular MetabolismFaculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Helena Valta
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular MetabolismFaculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland,Children’s Hospital and Pediatric Research CenterHelsinki University HospitalUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Outi Mäkitie
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular MetabolismFaculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland,Children’s Hospital and Pediatric Research CenterHelsinki University HospitalUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Vedran Stefanovic
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyFetomaternal Medical CenterHelsinki University HospitalUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Laura Tanner
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyFetomaternal Medical CenterHelsinki University HospitalUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland,HUSLAB Department of Clinical GeneticsHelsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland,Department of Medical and Clinical GeneticsUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kukkola HL, Utriainen P, Huttunen P, Taskinen M, Mäkitie O, Vakkilainen S. Lymphomas in cartilage-hair hypoplasia – A case series of 16 patients reveals advanced stage DLBCL as the most common form. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1004694. [PMID: 36211439 PMCID: PMC9541526 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1004694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with cartilage-hair hypoplasia (CHH) have an increased risk of malignancy, particularly non-Hodgkin lymphoma and basal cell carcinoma. The characteristics, clinical course, response to therapy and outcome of lymphomas in CHH remains unexplored. Methods We assessed clinical features of lymphoma cases among Finnish patients with CHH. Data were collected from the Finnish Cancer Registry, hospital records, the National Medical Databases and Cause-of-Death Registry of Statistics Finland. Results Among the 160 CHH patients, 16 (6 men, 10 women) were diagnosed with lymphoma during 1953-2016. Lymphoma was diagnosed in young adulthood (median age 26.4 years, range from 6.4 to 69.5 years), mostly in advanced stage. The most common lymphoma type was diffuse large cell B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) (6/16, 38%). Eight patients received chemotherapy (8/16, 50%), and two of them survived. Standard lymphoma chemotherapy regimens were administered in the majority of cases. Altogether, eleven CHH patients died due to lymphomas (11/16, 69%). In almost all surviving lymphoma patients, the diagnosis was made either during routine follow-up or after evaluation for non-specific mild symptoms. Search for CHH-related clinical predictors demonstrated higher prevalence of recurrent respiratory infections, in particular otitis media, and Hirschsprung disease in patients with lymphoma. However, three patients had no clinical signs of immunodeficiency prior to lymphoma diagnosis. Conclusion DLBCL is the most common type of lymphoma in CHH. The outcome is poor probably due to advanced stage of lymphoma at the time of diagnosis. Other CHH-related manifestations poorly predicted lymphoma development, implying that all CHH patients should be regularly screened for malignancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna-Leena Kukkola
- Children and Adolescents, Pediatric Research Center, Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pauliina Utriainen
- Children and Adolescents, Pediatric Research Center, Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation (SCT), Children‘s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pasi Huttunen
- Children and Adolescents, Pediatric Research Center, Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation (SCT), Children‘s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mervi Taskinen
- Children and Adolescents, Pediatric Research Center, Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation (SCT), Children‘s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Outi Mäkitie
- Children and Adolescents, Pediatric Research Center, Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Svetlana Vakkilainen
- Children and Adolescents, Pediatric Research Center, Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- *Correspondence: Svetlana Vakkilainen,
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Yang K, Liu Y, Wu J, Zhang J, Hu HY, Yan YS, Chen WQ, Yang SF, Sun LJ, Sun YQ, Wu QQ, Yin CH. Prenatal Cases Reflect the Complexity of the COL1A1/2 Associated Osteogenesis Imperfecta. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13091578. [PMID: 36140746 PMCID: PMC9498730 DOI: 10.3390/genes13091578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a rare mendelian skeletal dysplasia with autosomal dominant or recessive inheritance pattern, and almost the most common primary osteoporosis in prenatal settings. The diversity of clinical presentation and genetic etiology in prenatal OI cases presents a challenge to counseling yet has seldom been discussed in previous studies. Methods: Ten cases with suspected fetal OI were enrolled and submitted to a genetic detection using conventional karyotyping, chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA), and whole-exome sequencing (WES). Sanger sequencing was used as the validation method for potential diagnostic variants. In silico analysis of specific missense variants was also performed. Results: The karyotyping and CMA results of these cases were normal, while WES identified OI-associated variants in the COL1A1/2 genes in all ten cases. Six of these variants were novel. Additionally, four cases here exhibited distinctive clinical and/or genetic characteristics, including the situations of intrafamilial phenotypic variability, parental mosaicism, and “dual nosogenesis” (mutations in collagen I and another gene). Conclusion: Our study not only expands the spectrum of COL1A1/2-related OI, but also highlights the complexity that occurs in prenatal OI and the importance of clarifying its pathogenic mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100026, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100026, China
| | - Jue Wu
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Medical Innovation Research Division of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Shijiazhuang Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050011, China
| | - Hua-ying Hu
- Jiaen Genetics Laboratory, Beijing Jiaen Hospital, Beijing 100083, China
| | - You-sheng Yan
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100026, China
| | - Wen-qi Chen
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Shijiazhuang Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050011, China
| | - Shu-fa Yang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100026, China
| | - Li-juan Sun
- Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100026, China
| | - Yong-qing Sun
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100026, China
- Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100026, China
| | - Qing-qing Wu
- Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100026, China
- Correspondence: (Q.-q.W.); (C.-h.Y.)
| | - Cheng-hong Yin
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100026, China
- Correspondence: (Q.-q.W.); (C.-h.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Steinbusch MMF, van den Akker GGH, Cremers A, Witlox AMA, Staal HM, Peffers MJ, van Rhijn LW, Caron MMJ, Welting TJM. Adaptation of the protein translational apparatus during ATDC5 chondrogenic differentiation. Noncoding RNA Res 2022; 7:55-65. [PMID: 35261930 PMCID: PMC8881200 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2022.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Ribosome biogenesis is integrated with many cellular processes including proliferation, differentiation and oncogenic events. Chondrogenic proliferation and differentiation require a high cellular translational capacity to facilitate cartilaginous extracellular matrix production. We here investigated the expression dynamics of factors involved in ribosome biogenesis during in vitro chondrogenic differentiation and determined whether protein translation capacity adapts to different phases of chondrogenic differentiation. Materials SnoRNA expression during ATDC5 differentiation was analyzed by RNA sequencing of samples acquired from day 0 (progenitor stage), 7 (chondrogenic stage) and day 14 (hypertrophic stage). RT-qPCR was used to determine expression of fibrillarin, dyskerin, UBF-1, Sox9, Col2a1, Runx2, Col10a1 mRNAs and 18S, 5.8S and 28S rRNAs. Protein expression of fibrillarin, dyskerin and UBF-1 was determined by immunoblotting. Ribosomal RNA content per cell was determined by calculating rRNA RT-qPCR signals relative to DNA content (SYBR Green assay). Total protein translational activity was evaluated with a puromycilation assay and polysome profiling. Results As a result of initiation of chondrogenic differentiation (Δt0-t7), 21 snoRNAs were differentially expressed (DE). Hypertrophic differentiation caused DE of 23 snoRNAs (Δt7-t14) and 43 when t0 was compared to t14. DE snoRNAs, amongst others, target nucleotide modifications in the 28S rRNA peptidyl transferase center and the 18S rRNA decoding center. UBF-1, fibrillarin and dyskerin expression increased as function of differentiation and displayed highest fold induction at day 5-6 in differentiation. Ribosomal RNA content per cell was significantly increased at day 7, but not at day 14 in differentiation. Similar dynamics in translational capacity and monosomal ribosome fraction were observed during differentiation. Conclusion The expression of a great number of ribosome biogenesis factors is altered during chondrogenic differentiation of ATDC5 cells, which is accompanied by significant changes in cellular translational activity. This elucidation of ribosome biogenesis dynamics in chondrogenic differentiation models enables the further understanding of the role of ribosome biogenesis and activity during chondrocyte cell commitment and their roles in human skeletal development diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mandy M F Steinbusch
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Guus G H van den Akker
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Andy Cremers
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Adhiambo M A Witlox
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Heleen M Staal
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Mandy J Peffers
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, L7 8TX, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Lodewijk W van Rhijn
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Marjolein M J Caron
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Tim J M Welting
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Malcolm JR, Leese NK, Lamond-Warner PI, Brackenbury WJ, White RJ. Widespread association of ERα with RMRP and tRNA genes in MCF-7 cells and breast cancers. Gene X 2022; 821:146280. [PMID: 35143945 PMCID: PMC8942118 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor (ER) interacts with hundreds of tRNA genes (tDNAs) in MCF-7 cells. Hundreds of tDNAs are also targeted in primary breast tumours and metastases. Canonical estrogen response element is not found near top tDNA targets of ER. ER also targets non-coding breast cancer driver gene RMRP. ER also targets RN7SL1 gene that promotes breast cancer progression.
tRNA gene transcription by RNA polymerase III (Pol III) is a tightly regulated process, but dysregulated Pol III transcription is widely observed in cancers. Approximately 75% of all breast cancers are positive for expression of Estrogen Receptor alpha (ERα), which acts as a key driver of disease. MCF-7 cells rapidly upregulate tRNA gene transcription in response to estrogen and ChIP-PCR demonstrated ERα enrichment at tRNALeu and 5S rRNA genes in this breast cancer cell line. While these data implicate the ERα as a Pol III transcriptional regulator, how widespread this regulation is across the 631 tRNA genes has yet to be revealed. Through analyses of ERα ChIP-seq datasets, we show that ERα interacts with hundreds of tRNA genes, not only in MCF-7 cells, but also in primary human breast tumours and distant metastases. The extent of ERα association with tRNA genes varies between breast cancer cell lines and does not correlate with levels of ERα binding to its canonical target gene GREB1. Amongst other Pol III-transcribed genes, ERα is consistently enriched at the long non-coding RNA gene RMRP, a positive regulator of cell cycle progression that is subject to focal amplification in tumours. Another Pol III template targeted by ERα is the RN7SL1 gene, which is strongly implicated in breast cancer pathology by inducing inflammatory responses in tumours. Our data indicate that Pol III-transcribed non-coding genes should be added to the list of ERα targets in breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jodie R Malcolm
- Department of Biology, The University of York, Heslington Road, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Natasha K Leese
- Department of Biology, The University of York, Heslington Road, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | | | - William J Brackenbury
- Department of Biology, The University of York, Heslington Road, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Robert J White
- Department of Biology, The University of York, Heslington Road, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Han J, Lin K, Choo H, He J, Wang X, Wu Y, Chen X. β-Catenin Signaling Evokes Hair Follicle Senescence by Accelerating the Differentiation of Hair Follicle Mesenchymal Progenitors. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:839519. [PMID: 35478971 PMCID: PMC9037041 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.839519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: β-catenin signaling controls multiple fibroblast subsets, with its overactivity promoting the differentiation of hair follicle dermal stem cells (hfDSCs) and the hyperactivation of interfollicular fibroblasts. Understanding the concept of hfDSC activation and modulation offers hope towards the therapeutic armamentarium in dermatology and related comorbidities, as well as their potential applications in gerontology (the study of physiological aging). Having a comprehensive understanding in this stochastic process could also further yield important, novel insights into the molecular basis of skin aging to improve lifespan and preventing aging-related diseases. Methods: A new CD34CrePGR mouse line was generated. Through fate-tracing models and a series of β-catenin genetic experiments, our study depicts how the wound environment increases phosphorylated β-catenin in hfDSCs and facilitates their differentiation into dermal papilla (DP) and dermal sheath (DS). In mice carrying hfDSC-specific activated allele of β-catenin, hfDSCs accelerated their differentiation into DP cells. Results: Notably, with β-catenin stabilization in CD34-expressing cells and potential activation of canonical Wnt signaling, the mutant mice showed a brief increase of hair density in the short term, but over time leads to a senescence phenotype developing premature canities and thinning [hair follicle (HF) miniaturization]. Conclusion: β-catenin signaling drove HF senescence by accelerating differentiation of CD34+ hfDSCs, resulting in phenotypes attributable to the differentiation of the hfDSCs into DP cells and the loss of their stem cell potential. Therefore, our study reveals that the regulation of β-catenin signaling in hfDSCs may potentially become an important subject for future exploration in development of clinically effective therapies for hair loss treatment and an excellent model for revealing new therapeutic approaches to reverse aging or retarding the development of alopecia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Han
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China.,School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,The Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technology, Shenzhen, China, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kaijun Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiqin Choo
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (TBSI), Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jia He
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Xusheng Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaojiong Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,The Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technology, Shenzhen, China, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Sang L, Yang L, Ge Q, Xie S, Zhou T, Lin A. Subcellular distribution, localization, and function of noncoding RNAs. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2022; 13:e1729. [PMID: 35413151 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells contain subcellular organelles with spatiotemporal regulation to coordinate various biochemical reactions. The various organelles perform their essential biological functions by employing specific biomolecules, including nucleic acids. Recent studies have revealed that noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are highly compartmentalized in cells and that their spatial distribution is intimately related to their functions. Dysregulation of subcellular ncRNAs can disrupt cellular homeostasis and cause human diseases. Mitochondria are responsible for energy generation to fuel cell growth and proliferation. Therefore, identifying mitochondria-associated ncRNAs helps to reveal new regulatory mechanisms and physiological functions of mitochondria. In this review, we summarize the latest advances in subcellular ncRNAs derived from either the nuclear or mitochondrial genome. We also discuss available biological approaches for investigating organelle-specific ncRNAs. Exploring the distribution and function of subcellular ncRNAs may facilitate the understanding of endomembrane dynamics and provide potential strategies for clinical transformation. This article is categorized under: RNA Export and Localization > RNA Localization Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > Regulatory RNAs RNA Methods > RNA Analyses in Cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingjie Sang
- International Institutes of Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China.,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Luojia Yang
- International Institutes of Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China.,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiwei Ge
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shanshan Xie
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Cell Biology and Program in Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tianhua Zhou
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Cell Biology and Program in Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Aifu Lin
- International Institutes of Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China.,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Hao Q, Zhou X. The emerging role of long noncoding RNA RMRP in cancer development and targeted therapy. Cancer Biol Med 2022; 19:j.issn.2095-3941.2021.0577. [PMID: 35075888 PMCID: PMC8832963 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2021.0577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Hao
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Chabronova A, van den Akker GGH, Meekels-Steinbusch MMF, Friedrich F, Cremers A, Surtel DAM, Peffers MJ, van Rhijn LW, Lausch E, Zabel B, Caron MMJ, Welting TJM. Uncovering pathways regulating chondrogenic differentiation of CHH fibroblasts. Noncoding RNA Res 2022; 6:211-224. [PMID: 34988338 PMCID: PMC8688813 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the non-coding snoRNA component of mitochondrial RNA processing endoribonuclease (RMRP) are the cause of cartilage-hair hypoplasia (CHH). CHH is a rare form of metaphyseal chondrodysplasia characterized by disproportionate short stature and abnormal growth plate development. The process of chondrogenic differentiation within growth plates of long bones is vital for longitudinal bone growth. However, molecular mechanisms behind impaired skeletal development in CHH patients remain unclear. We employed a transdifferentiation model (FDC) combined with whole transcriptome analysis to investigate the chondrogenic transdifferentiation capacity of CHH fibroblasts and to examine pathway regulation in CHH cells during chondrogenic differentiation. We established that the FDC transdifferentiation model is a relevant in vitro model of chondrogenic differentiation, with an emphasis on the terminal differentiation phase, which is crucial for longitudinal bone growth. We demonstrated that CHH fibroblasts are capable of transdifferentiating into chondrocyte-like cells, and show a reduced commitment to terminal differentiation. We also found a number of key factors of BMP, FGF, and IGF-1 signalling axes to be significantly upregulated in CHH cells during the chondrogenic transdifferentiation. Our results support postulated conclusions that RMRP has pleiotropic functions and profoundly affects multiple aspects of cell fate and signalling. Our findings shed light on the consequences of pathological CHH mutations in snoRNA RMRP during chondrogenic differentiation and the relevance and roles of non-coding RNAs in genetic diseases in general.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alzbeta Chabronova
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MUMC+, 6202, AZ, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Guus G H van den Akker
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MUMC+, 6202, AZ, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Mandy M F Meekels-Steinbusch
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MUMC+, 6202, AZ, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Franziska Friedrich
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andy Cremers
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MUMC+, 6202, AZ, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Don A M Surtel
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MUMC+, 6202, AZ, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Mandy J Peffers
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK
| | - Lodewijk W van Rhijn
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MUMC+, 6202, AZ, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ekkehart Lausch
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Zabel
- Medical Faculty, Otto van Guericke University of Magdeburg, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Marjolein M J Caron
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MUMC+, 6202, AZ, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Tim J M Welting
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MUMC+, 6202, AZ, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
LPI-HyADBS: a hybrid framework for lncRNA-protein interaction prediction integrating feature selection and classification. BMC Bioinformatics 2021; 22:568. [PMID: 34836494 PMCID: PMC8620196 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-021-04485-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have dense linkages with a plethora of important cellular activities. lncRNAs exert functions by linking with corresponding RNA-binding proteins. Since experimental techniques to detect lncRNA-protein interactions (LPIs) are laborious and time-consuming, a few computational methods have been reported for LPI prediction. However, computation-based LPI identification methods have the following limitations: (1) Most methods were evaluated on a single dataset, and researchers may thus fail to measure their generalization ability. (2) The majority of methods were validated under cross validation on lncRNA-protein pairs, did not investigate the performance under other cross validations, especially for cross validation on independent lncRNAs and independent proteins. (3) lncRNAs and proteins have abundant biological information, how to select informative features need to further investigate. Results Under a hybrid framework (LPI-HyADBS) integrating feature selection based on AdaBoost, and classification models including deep neural network (DNN), extreme gradient Boost (XGBoost), and SVM with a penalty Coefficient of misclassification (C-SVM), this work focuses on finding new LPIs. First, five datasets are arranged. Each dataset contains lncRNA sequences, protein sequences, and an LPI network. Second, biological features of lncRNAs and proteins are acquired based on Pyfeat. Third, the obtained features of lncRNAs and proteins are selected based on AdaBoost and concatenated to depict each LPI sample. Fourth, DNN, XGBoost, and C-SVM are used to classify lncRNA-protein pairs based on the concatenated features. Finally, a hybrid framework is developed to integrate the classification results from the above three classifiers. LPI-HyADBS is compared to six classical LPI prediction approaches (LPI-SKF, LPI-NRLMF, Capsule-LPI, LPI-CNNCP, LPLNP, and LPBNI) on five datasets under 5-fold cross validations on lncRNAs, proteins, lncRNA-protein pairs, and independent lncRNAs and independent proteins. The results show LPI-HyADBS has the best LPI prediction performance under four different cross validations. In particular, LPI-HyADBS obtains better classification ability than other six approaches under the constructed independent dataset. Case analyses suggest that there is relevance between ZNF667-AS1 and Q15717. Conclusions Integrating feature selection approach based on AdaBoost, three classification techniques including DNN, XGBoost, and C-SVM, this work develops a hybrid framework to identify new linkages between lncRNAs and proteins. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12859-021-04485-x.
Collapse
|
32
|
Barros-Silva D, Klavert J, Jenster G, Jerónimo C, Lafontaine DLJ, Martens-Uzunova ES. The role of OncoSnoRNAs and Ribosomal RNA 2'-O-methylation in Cancer. RNA Biol 2021; 18:61-74. [PMID: 34775914 PMCID: PMC8677010 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2021.1991167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribosomes are essential nanomachines responsible for all protein production in cells. Ribosome biogenesis and function are energy costly processes, they are tightly regulated to match cellular needs. In cancer, major pathways that control ribosome biogenesis and function are often deregulated to ensure cell survival and to accommodate the continuous proliferation of tumour cells. Ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) are abundantly modified with 2'-O-methylation (Nm, ribomethylation) being one of the most common modifications. In eukaryotic ribosomes, ribomethylation is performed by the methyltransferase Fibrillarin guided by box C/D small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs). Accumulating evidences indicate that snoRNA expression and ribosome methylation profiles are altered in cancer. Here we review our current knowledge on differential snoRNA expression and rRNA 2ʹ-O methylation in the context of human malignancies, and discuss the consequences and opportunities for cancer diagnostics, prognostics, and therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Barros-Silva
- Department of Urology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP) / RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), Porto, Portugal
| | - Jonathan Klavert
- Department of Urology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Guido Jenster
- Department of Urology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carmen Jerónimo
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP) / RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) / Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (Icbas-up), Porto, Portugal
| | - Denis L J Lafontaine
- Rna Molecular Biology, Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique (F.r.s./fnrs), Université Libre De Bruxelles (Ulb), BioPark Campus, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Elena S Martens-Uzunova
- Department of Urology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Zárybnický T, Heikkinen A, Kangas SM, Karikoski M, Martínez-Nieto GA, Salo MH, Uusimaa J, Vuolteenaho R, Hinttala R, Sipilä P, Kuure S. Modeling Rare Human Disorders in Mice: The Finnish Disease Heritage. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113158. [PMID: 34831381 PMCID: PMC8621025 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The modification of genes in animal models has evidently and comprehensively improved our knowledge on proteins and signaling pathways in human physiology and pathology. In this review, we discuss almost 40 monogenic rare diseases that are enriched in the Finnish population and defined as the Finnish disease heritage (FDH). We will highlight how gene-modified mouse models have greatly facilitated the understanding of the pathological manifestations of these diseases and how some of the diseases still lack proper models. We urge the establishment of subsequent international consortiums to cooperatively plan and carry out future human disease modeling strategies. Detailed information on disease mechanisms brings along broader understanding of the molecular pathways they act along both parallel and transverse to the proteins affected in rare diseases, therefore also aiding understanding of common disease pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Zárybnický
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 63, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Anne Heikkinen
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland; (A.H.); (S.M.K.); (M.H.S.); (R.V.)
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 8000, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Salla M. Kangas
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland; (A.H.); (S.M.K.); (M.H.S.); (R.V.)
- PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 8000, 90014 Oulu, Finland;
- Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Marika Karikoski
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (M.K.); (G.A.M.-N.)
| | - Guillermo Antonio Martínez-Nieto
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (M.K.); (G.A.M.-N.)
- Turku Center for Disease Modelling (TCDM), Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Miia H. Salo
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland; (A.H.); (S.M.K.); (M.H.S.); (R.V.)
- PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 8000, 90014 Oulu, Finland;
- Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Johanna Uusimaa
- PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 8000, 90014 Oulu, Finland;
- Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland
- Clinic for Children and Adolescents, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Oulu University Hospital, P.O. Box 20, 90029 Oulu, Finland
| | - Reetta Vuolteenaho
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland; (A.H.); (S.M.K.); (M.H.S.); (R.V.)
| | - Reetta Hinttala
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland; (A.H.); (S.M.K.); (M.H.S.); (R.V.)
- PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 8000, 90014 Oulu, Finland;
- Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland
- Correspondence: (R.H.); (P.S.); (S.K.)
| | - Petra Sipilä
- Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (M.K.); (G.A.M.-N.)
- Turku Center for Disease Modelling (TCDM), Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Correspondence: (R.H.); (P.S.); (S.K.)
| | - Satu Kuure
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 63, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
- GM-Unit, Laboratory Animal Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
- Correspondence: (R.H.); (P.S.); (S.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Cruz J, Lemos B. Post-transcriptional diversity in riboproteins and RNAs in aging and cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 76:292-300. [PMID: 34474152 PMCID: PMC8627441 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Post-transcriptional (PtscM) and post-translational (PtrnM) modifications of nucleotides and amino acids are covalent modifications able to change physio-chemical properties of RNAs and proteins. In the ribosome, the adequate assembly of rRNAs and ribosomal protein subunits in the nucleolus ensures suitable translational activity, with protein synthesis tuned according to intracellular demands of energy production, replication, proliferation, and growth. Disruption in the regulatory control of PtscM and PtrnM can impair ribosome biogenesis and ribosome function. Ribosomal impairment may, in turn, impact the synthesis of proteins engaged in functions as varied as telomere maintenance, apoptosis, and DNA repair, as well as intersect with mitochondria and telomerase activity. These cellular processes often malfunction in carcinogenesis and senescence. Here we discuss regulatory mechanisms of PtscMs and PtrnMs on ribosomal function. We also address chemical modification in rRNAs and their impacts on cellular metabolism, replication control, and senescence. Further, we highlight similarities and differences of PtscMs and PtrnMs in ribosomal intermediates during aging and carcinogenesis. Understanding these regulatory mechanisms may uncover critical steps for the development of more efficient oncologic and anti-aging therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jurandir Cruz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 01246, Brazil
| | - Bernardo Lemos
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Huang Y, Xie B, Cao M, Lu H, Wu X, Hao Q, Zhou X. LncRNA RNA Component of Mitochondrial RNA-Processing Endoribonuclease Promotes AKT-Dependent Breast Cancer Growth and Migration by Trapping MicroRNA-206. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:730538. [PMID: 34621748 PMCID: PMC8490808 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.730538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The RNA component of mitochondrial RNA-processing endoribonuclease (RMRP) was recently shown to play a role in cancer development. However, the function and mechanism of RMRP during cancer progression remain incompletely understood. Here, we report that RMRP is amplified and highly expressed in various malignant cancers, and the high level of RMRP is significantly associated with their poor prognosis, including breast cancer. Consistent with this, ectopic RMRP promotes proliferation and migration of TP53-mutated breast cancer cells, whereas depletion of RMRP leads to inhibition of their proliferation and migration. RNA-seq analysis reveals AKT as a downstream target of RMRP. Interestingly, RMRP indirectly elevates AKT expression by preventing AKT mRNA from miR-206-mediated targeting via a competitive sequestering mechanism. Remarkably, RMRP endorses breast cancer progression in an AKT-dependent fashion, as knockdown of AKT completely abolishes RMRP-induced cancer cell growth and migration. Altogether, our results unveil a novel role of the RMRP-miR-206-AKT axis in breast cancer development, providing a potential new target for developing an anti-breast cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingdan Huang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bangxiang Xie
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing You An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center for Precision Medicine and Transformation of Hepatitis and Liver Cancer, Beijing, China
| | - Mingming Cao
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Lu
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Xiaohua Wu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Hao
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 prevents tumorigenesis, while inactivation of p53 promotes cancer development and drug resistance. Here, we identify that a long noncoding RNA, the RNA component of mitochondrial RNA-processing endoribonuclease (RMRP), promotes growth and proliferation of colorectal cancer cells by inhibiting p53 activity. Mechanistically, RMRP retains SNRPA1 in the nucleus, thus preventing its lysosomal degradation. The nuclear SNRPA1 then prompts MDM2-mediated p53 ubiquitination and degradation. Remarkably, RMRP expression is induced by poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, a group of targeted anticancer drugs, through the transcription factor C/EBPβ. Targeting RMRP significantly enhances sensitivity of colorectal cancer cells to PARP inhibition by reactivating p53. Our study provides a possible mechanism underling tumor resistance to PARP inhibitors. p53 inactivation is highly associated with tumorigenesis and drug resistance. Here, we identify a long noncoding RNA, the RNA component of mitochondrial RNA-processing endoribonuclease (RMRP), as an inhibitor of p53. RMRP is overexpressed and associated with an unfavorable prognosis in colorectal cancer. Ectopic RMRP suppresses p53 activity by promoting MDM2-induced p53 ubiquitination and degradation, while depletion of RMRP activates the p53 pathway. RMRP also promotes colorectal cancer growth and proliferation in a p53-dependent fashion in vitro and in vivo. This anti-p53 action of RMRP is executed through an identified partner protein, SNRPA1. RMRP can interact with SNRPA1 and sequester it in the nucleus, consequently blocking its lysosomal proteolysis via chaperone-mediated autophagy. The nuclear SNRPA1 then interacts with p53 and enhances MDM2-induced proteasomal degradation of p53. Remarkably, ablation of SNRPA1 completely abrogates RMRP regulation of p53 and tumor cell growth, indicating that SNRPA1 is indispensable for the anti-p53 function of RMRP. Interestingly and significantly, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors induce RMRP expression through the transcription factor C/EBPβ, and RMRP confers tumor resistance to PARP inhibition by preventing p53 activation. Altogether, our study demonstrates that RMRP plays an oncogenic role by inactivating p53 via SNRPA1 in colorectal cancer.
Collapse
|
37
|
Latypova X, Creadore SG, Dahan-Oliel N, Gustafson AG, Wei-Hung Hwang S, Bedard T, Shazand K, van Bosse HJP, Giampietro PF, Dieterich K. A Genomic Approach to Delineating the Occurrence of Scoliosis in Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12071052. [PMID: 34356068 PMCID: PMC8305424 DOI: 10.3390/genes12071052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) describes a group of conditions characterized by the presence of non-progressive congenital contractures in multiple body areas. Scoliosis, defined as a coronal plane spine curvature of ≥10 degrees as measured radiographically, has been reported to occur in approximately 20% of children with AMC. To identify genes that are associated with both scoliosis as a clinical outcome and AMC, we first queried the DECIPHER database for copy number variations (CNVs). Upon query, we identified only two patients with both AMC and scoliosis (AMC-SC). The first patient contained CNVs in three genes (FBN2, MGF10, and PITX1), while the second case had a CNV in ZC4H2. Looking into small variants, using a combination of Human Phenotype Ontogeny and literature searching, 908 genes linked with scoliosis and 444 genes linked with AMC were identified. From these lists, 227 genes were associated with AMC-SC. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) was performed on the final gene list to gain insight into the functional interactions of genes and various categories. To summarize, this group of genes encompasses a diverse group of cellular functions including transcription regulation, transmembrane receptor, growth factor, and ion channels. These results provide a focal point for further research using genomics and animal models to facilitate the identification of prognostic factors and therapeutic targets for AMC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xenia Latypova
- Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CHU Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France;
| | | | - Noémi Dahan-Oliel
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, Montreal, QC H4A 0A9, Canada;
- School of Physical & Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 2M1, Canada
| | | | - Steven Wei-Hung Hwang
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (S.W.-H.H.); (H.J.P.v.B.)
| | - Tanya Bedard
- Alberta Congenital Anomalies Surveillance System, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, AB T5J 3E4, Canada;
| | - Kamran Shazand
- Shriners Hospitals for Children Headquarters, Tampa, FL 33607, USA; (S.G.C.); (A.G.G.); (K.S.)
| | | | - Philip F. Giampietro
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
- Correspondence: (P.F.G.); (K.D.)
| | - Klaus Dieterich
- Institut of Advanced Biosciences, Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1209, CHU Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Correspondence: (P.F.G.); (K.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Vakkilainen S, Klemetti P, Martelius T, Seppänen MJR, Mäkitie O, Toiviainen-Salo S. Pulmonary Follow-Up Imaging in Cartilage-Hair Hypoplasia: a Prospective Cohort Study. J Clin Immunol 2021; 41:1064-1071. [PMID: 33675005 PMCID: PMC8249260 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-021-01007-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cartilage-hair hypoplasia is a syndromic immunodeficiency with short stature, chondrodysplasia, and variable degree of immune dysfunction. Patients with cartilage-hair hypoplasia are prone to recurrent respiratory tract infections, and the prevalence of bronchiectasis ranges from 29 to 52%. Pulmonary complications contribute significantly to the mortality; therefore, regular lung imaging is essential. However, the optimal schedule for repeated lung imaging remains unestablished. We determined the rate and correlates of progression of structural lung changes in a prospectively followed cohort of 16 patients with cartilage-hair hypoplasia. We analyzed clinical, laboratory, and pulmonary functional testing data and performed lung magnetic resonance imaging at a median interval of 6.8 years since previous imaging. Imaging findings remained identical or improved due to disappearance of inflammatory changes in all evaluated patients. Patients with subtle signs of bronchiectasis on imaging tended to have low immunoglobulin M levels, as well as suffered from pneumonia during the follow-up. In conclusion, our results suggest slow if any development of bronchiectasis in selected subjects with cartilage-hair hypoplasia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Vakkilainen
- Children’s Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Stenbäckinkatu 9, P.O. Box 347, 00029 HUS Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paula Klemetti
- Children’s Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Stenbäckinkatu 9, P.O. Box 347, 00029 HUS Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timi Martelius
- Adult Immunodeficiency Unit, Inflammation Center/Infectious Diseases, University of Helsinki and HUS Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko JR Seppänen
- Adult Immunodeficiency Unit, Inflammation Center/Infectious Diseases, University of Helsinki and HUS Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Rare Disease and Pediatric Research Centers, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Outi Mäkitie
- Children’s Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Stenbäckinkatu 9, P.O. Box 347, 00029 HUS Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Visionsgatan 18, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Visionsgatan 18, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sanna Toiviainen-Salo
- Children’s Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Stenbäckinkatu 9, P.O. Box 347, 00029 HUS Helsinki, Finland
- Medical Imaging Center, Pediatric Radiology, University of Helsinki and HUS Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Yegorov YE, Poznyak AV, Nikiforov NG, Starodubova AV, Orekhov AN. Role of Telomeres Shortening in Atherogenesis: An Overview. Cells 2021; 10:395. [PMID: 33671887 PMCID: PMC7918954 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It is known that the shortening of the telomeres leads to cell senescence, accompanied by acquiring of pro-inflammatory phenotype. The expression of telomerase can elongate telomeres and resist the onset of senescence. The initiation of atherosclerosis is believed to be associated with local senescence of the endothelial cells of the arteries in places with either low or multidirectional oscillatory wall shear stress. The process of regeneration of the artery surface that has begun does not lead to success for several reasons. Atherosclerotic plaques are formed, which, when developed, lead to fatal consequences, which are the leading causes of death in the modern world. The pronounced age dependence of the manifestations of atherosclerosis pushes scientists to try to link the development of atherosclerosis with telomere length. The study of the role of telomere shortening in atherosclerosis is mainly limited to measuring the telomeres of blood cells, and only in rare cases (surgery or post-mortem examination) are the telomeres of local cells available for measurement. The review discusses the basic issues of cellular aging and the interpretation of telomere measurement data in atherosclerosis, as well as the prospects for the prevention and possible treatment of atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yegor E. Yegorov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia;
| | - Anastasia V. Poznyak
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Center, Moscow 121609, Russia
| | - Nikita G. Nikiforov
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow 125315, Russia;
- National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Institute of Experimental Cardiology, Moscow 121552, Russia
- Institute of Gene Biology, Center of Collective Usage, Moscow 119334, Russia
| | - Antonina V. Starodubova
- Federal Research Centre for Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Moscow 109240, Russia;
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Alexander N. Orekhov
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Center, Moscow 121609, Russia
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow 125315, Russia;
- Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow 117418, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Crystal structure of human RPP20-RPP25 proteins in complex with the P3 domain of lncRNA RMRP. J Struct Biol 2021; 213:107704. [PMID: 33571640 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2021.107704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Human RNase MRP ribonucleoprotein complex is an essential endoribonuclease involved in the processing of ribosomal RNAs, mitochondrial RNAs and certain messenger RNAs. Its RNA subunit RMRP catalyzes the cleavage of substrate RNAs, and the protein components of RNase MRP are required for activity. RMRP mutations are associated with several types of inherited developmental disorders, but the pathogenic mechanism is largely unknown. Recent structural studies shed lights on the catalytic mechanism of yeast RNase MRP and the closely related RNase P; however, the structural and catalytic mechanism of RMRP in human RNase MRP complex remains unclear. Here we report the crystal structure of the P3 domain of RMRP in complex with the RPP20 and RPP25 proteins of human RNase MRP, which shows that the P3 RNA binds to a conserved positively-charged surface of the RPP20-RPP25 heterodimer through its distal stem and internal loop regions. The disease-related mutations of RMRPP3 are mostly located at the protein-RNA interface and are likely to weaken the binding of P3 to RPP20-RPP25. Moreover, the structure reveals a homodimeric organization of the entire RPP20-RPP25-RMRPP3 complex, which might mediate the dimerization of human RNase MRP complex in cells. These findings provide structural clues to the assembly and pathogenesis of human RNase MRP complex and also reveal a tetrameric feature of RPP20-RPP25 evolutionarily conserved with that of the archaeal Alba proteins.
Collapse
|
41
|
Hall CM, Liu B, Haworth A, Reed L, Pryce J, Mansour S. Early prenatal presentation of the cartilage-hair hypoplasia / anauxetic dysplasia spectrum of disorders mimicking recurrent thanatophoric dysplasia. Eur J Med Genet 2021; 64:104162. [PMID: 33567347 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2021.104162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Three sibling fetuses identified with limb shortening and thoracic narrowing at twelve weeks' gestation on first trimester ultrasound examination are presented. The parents were non-consanguineous, Caucasian, healthy, of normal stature and had a healthy normal daughter. The radiographic abnormalities were highly suggestive of thanatophoric dysplasia, but molecular analysis failed to identify a pathogenic variant in FGFR3. The three fetuses were found to have identical compound heterozygous mutations in RMRP in trans, one inherited from the mother and one from the father. This represents the early prenatal presentation and fetal findings of metaphyseal dysplasia type McKusick (Cartilage-hair hypoplasia; CHH)/anauxetic dysplasia spectrum of disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Hall
- St George's, University of London, UK; Emeritus, Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Becky Liu
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Andrea Haworth
- Congenica Limited, Biodata Innovation Centre, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Laura Reed
- Congenica Limited, Biodata Innovation Centre, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jeremy Pryce
- Department of Pathology, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Sahar Mansour
- St George's, University of London, UK; SW Thames Regional Genetics Service, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Fusaro M, Vincent A, Castelle M, Rosain J, Fournier B, Veiga-da-Cunha M, Kentache T, Serre J, Fallet-Bianco C, Delezoide AL, Renesme L, Picard FM, Lasseaux E, Aladjidi N, Seta N, Cormier-Daire V, Schaftingen EV, Neven B, Moshous D, Blesson S, Picard C. Two Novel Homozygous Mutations in Phosphoglucomutase 3 Leading to Severe Combined Immunodeficiency, Skeletal Dysplasia, and Malformations. J Clin Immunol 2021; 41:958-966. [PMID: 33534079 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-021-00985-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Phosphoglucomutase 3 (PGM3) deficiency is a rare congenital disorder of glycosylation. Most of patients with autosomal recessive hypomorphic mutations in PGM3 encoding for phosphoglucomutase 3 present with eczema, skin and lung infections, elevated serum IgE, as well as neurological and skeletal features. A few PGM3-deficient patients suffer from a more severe disease with nearly absent T cells and severe skeletal dysplasia. We performed targeted next-generation sequencing on two kindred to identify the underlying genetic etiology of a severe combined immunodeficiency with developmental defect. We report here two novel homozygous missense variants (p.Gly359Asp and p.Met423Thr) in PGM3 identified in three patients from two unrelated kindreds with severe combined immunodeficiency, neurological impairment, and skeletal dysplasia. Both variants segregated with the disease in the two families. They were predicted to be deleterious by in silico analysis. PGM3 enzymatic activity was found to be severely impaired in primary fibroblasts and Epstein-Barr virus immortalized B cells from the kindred carrying the p.Met423Thr variant. Our findings support the pathogenicity of these two novel variants in severe PGM3 deficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Fusaro
- INSERM UMR1163, Imagine Institute, Université de Paris, Paris, France. .,Study Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France.
| | - Aline Vincent
- Department of Genetics, University Hospital of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Martin Castelle
- Pediatric Immuno-Hematology and Rheumatology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Jérémie Rosain
- Study Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France.,Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France
| | - Benjamin Fournier
- INSERM UMR1163, Imagine Institute, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Pediatric Immuno-Hematology and Rheumatology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Maria Veiga-da-Cunha
- Metabolic Research Group, de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, B-1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Takfarinas Kentache
- Metabolic Research Group, de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, B-1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jill Serre
- Pediatric Onco-Hematology Unit, University Hospital of Tours, Tours, France
| | | | - Anne-Lise Delezoide
- Department of Development Biology, Robert Debré Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Renesme
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Eulalie Lasseaux
- Department of Genetics, University Hospital of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Nathalie Aladjidi
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Haematology, University Hospital of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Centre de Référence National des cytopénies auto-immunes de l'enfant, University Hospital of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Nathalie Seta
- Metabolic and Cellular Biochemistry, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Cormier-Daire
- INSERM UMR1163, Imagine Institute, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Department of Clinical Genetics and Reference Centre for Constitutional Bone Diseases, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Emile van Schaftingen
- Metabolic Research Group, de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, B-1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bénédicte Neven
- INSERM UMR1163, Imagine Institute, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Pediatric Immuno-Hematology and Rheumatology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Despina Moshous
- INSERM UMR1163, Imagine Institute, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Pediatric Immuno-Hematology and Rheumatology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Blesson
- Department of Genetics, University Hospital of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Capucine Picard
- INSERM UMR1163, Imagine Institute, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Study Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France.,Pediatric Immuno-Hematology and Rheumatology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, AP-HP, Paris, France.,French National Reference Center for Primary Immune Deficiencies CEREDIH, Necker University, Hospital for Sick Children, AP-HP, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Costantini A, Alm JJ, Tonelli F, Valta H, Huber C, Tran AN, Daponte V, Kirova N, Kwon YU, Bae JY, Chung WY, Tan S, Sznajer Y, Nishimura G, Näreoja T, Warren AJ, Cormier-Daire V, Kim OH, Forlino A, Cho TJ, Mäkitie O. Novel RPL13 Variants and Variable Clinical Expressivity in a Human Ribosomopathy With Spondyloepimetaphyseal Dysplasia. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:283-297. [PMID: 32916022 PMCID: PMC7988564 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasias (SEMDs) are a heterogeneous group of disorders with variable growth failure and skeletal impairments affecting the spine and long bone epiphyses and metaphyses. Here we report on four unrelated families with SEMD in which we identified two monoallelic missense variants and one monoallelic splice site variant in RPL13, encoding the ribosomal protein eL13. In two out of four families, we observed autosomal dominant inheritance with incomplete penetrance and variable clinical expressivity; the phenotypes of the mutation-positive subjects ranged from normal height with or without hip dysplasia to severe SEMD with severe short stature and marked skeletal dysplasia. In vitro studies on patient-derived dermal fibroblasts harboring RPL13 missense mutations demonstrated normal eL13 expression, with proper subcellular localization but reduced colocalization with eL28 (p < 0.001). Cellular functional defects in fibroblasts from mutation-positive subjects indicated a significant increase in the ratio of 60S subunits to 80S ribosomes (p = 0.007) and attenuated global translation (p = 0.017). In line with the human phenotype, our rpl13 mutant zebrafish model, generated by CRISPR-Cas9 editing, showed cartilage deformities at embryonic and juvenile stages. These findings extend the genetic spectrum of RPL13 mutations causing this novel human ribosomopathy with variable skeletal features. Our study underscores for the first time incomplete penetrance and broad phenotypic variability in SEMD-RPL13 type and confirms impaired ribosomal function. Furthermore, the newly generated rpl13 mutant zebrafish model corroborates the role of eL13 in skeletogenesis. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR)..
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Costantini
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jessica J Alm
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Francesca Tonelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Helena Valta
- Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Céline Huber
- Department of Clinical Genetics, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Necker Enfans Malades Hospital (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Anh N Tran
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Valentina Daponte
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Nadi Kirova
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yong-Uk Kwon
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Jung Yun Bae
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Yeong Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Busan Paik Hospital, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Shengjiang Tan
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Keith Peters Building, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yves Sznajer
- Centre de Génétique Humaine - CGH, Cliniques Universitaires St. Luc, UCL, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Gen Nishimura
- Center for Intractable Diseases, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tuomas Näreoja
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Alan J Warren
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Keith Peters Building, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Valérie Cormier-Daire
- Department of Clinical Genetics, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Necker Enfans Malades Hospital (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Ok-Hwa Kim
- Department of Radiology, I-Bone Hospital, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Antonella Forlino
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Tae-Joon Cho
- Division of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Outi Mäkitie
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, and Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Lugli L, Ciancia S, Bertucci E, Lucaccioni L, Calabrese O, Madeo S, Berardi A, Iughetti L. Homozygous n.64C>T mutation in mitochondrial RNA-processing endoribonuclease gene causes cartilage hair hypoplasia syndrome in two siblings. Eur J Med Genet 2021; 64:104136. [PMID: 33444820 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2021.104136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Cartilage hair hypoplasia syndrome (OMIM # 250250) is a rare autosomal recessive metaphyseal dysplasia, characterized by disproportionate short stature, hair hypoplasia and variable extra-skeletal manifestations, including immunodeficiency, anemia, intestinal diseases and predisposition to cancers. Cartilage hair hypoplasia syndrome has a broad phenotype and it is caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the mitochondrial RNA-processing endoribonuclease on chromosome 9p13. Although it is well known as a primordial dwarfism, descriptions of the prenatal growth are missing. To add further details to the knowledge of the phenotypic spectrum of the disease, we report on two siblings with cartilage hair hypoplasia syndrome, presenting n.64C > T homozygous mutation in the mitochondrial RNA-processing endoribonuclease gene. We describe the prenatal and postnatal growth pattern of the two affected patients, showing severe pre- and post-natal growth deficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Licia Lugli
- Neonatology Unit, Mother-Child Department, University Hospital of Modena, Italy.
| | - Silvia Ciancia
- Post-graduated School of Pediatrics, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Mother, Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Emma Bertucci
- Obstetric-Gynecology Unit, Mother-Child Department, University Hospital of Modena, Italy
| | - Laura Lucaccioni
- Neonatology Unit, Mother-Child Department, University Hospital of Modena, Italy
| | - Olga Calabrese
- Genetic Unit, Mother-Child Department, University Hospital of Modena, Italy
| | - Simona Madeo
- Post-graduated School of Pediatrics, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Mother, Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Alberto Berardi
- Neonatology Unit, Mother-Child Department, University Hospital of Modena, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Iughetti
- Post-graduated School of Pediatrics, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Mother, Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Yang H, Wang J, Zhang Z, Peng R, Lv D, Liu H, Sun Y. Sp1-Induced lncRNA Rmrp Promotes Mesangial Cell Proliferation and Fibrosis in Diabetic Nephropathy by Modulating the miR-1a-3p/JunD Pathway. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:690784. [PMID: 34512545 PMCID: PMC8429906 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.690784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are regulators in DN progression. However, the regulatory mechanisms of multiple lncRNAs in DN remain to be determined. Our aim was to investigate the function and molecular mechanism of lncRNA RNA component of mitochondrial RNAase P (Rmrp) in DN. Here, we observed that the expression of Rmrp was up-regulated in the kidney of db/db DN mice and high glucose induced glomerular mesangial cells (MC). More importantly, the abnormal transcription of Rmrp was induced by nuclear transcription factor Sp1, which promotes the proliferation and production of fibrotic markers in MC. Subsequently, we screened the miRNAs related to Rmrp and found that Rmrp and miR-1a-3p are co-localized at the subcellular level of MC, and Rmrp could directly binds to miR-1a-3p. Further mechanism research demonstrated that the elevated miR-1a-3p significantly attenuated the proliferation and fibrosis-promoting effects induced by up-regulation of Rmrp. At the same time, we also investigated that miR-1a-3p can directly bind to Jun D proto-oncogene (JunD), thereby regulating the protein level of JunD. Rmrp-induced proliferation and fibrogenesis were reversed by co-transfection with JunD siRNA. In summary, Sp1 induced lncRNA Rmrp could drive the expression of JunD via sponging miR-1a-3p in DN progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hansen Yang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rui Peng
- Department of Bioinformatics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dan Lv
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Handeng Liu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Yan Sun,
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Kaliatsi EG, Giarimoglou N, Stathopoulos C, Stamatopoulou V. Non-Coding RNA-Driven Regulation of rRNA Biogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9738. [PMID: 33419375 PMCID: PMC7766524 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) biogenesis takes place in the nucleolus, the most prominent condensate of the eukaryotic nucleus. The proper assembly and integrity of the nucleolus reflects the accurate synthesis and processing of rRNAs which in turn, as major components of ribosomes, ensure the uninterrupted flow of the genetic information during translation. Therefore, the abundant production of rRNAs in a precisely functional nucleolus is of outmost importance for the cell viability and requires the concerted action of essential enzymes, associated factors and epigenetic marks. The coordination and regulation of such an elaborate process depends on not only protein factors, but also on numerous regulatory non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). Herein, we focus on RNA-mediated mechanisms that control the synthesis, processing and modification of rRNAs in mammals. We highlight the significance of regulatory ncRNAs in rRNA biogenesis and the maintenance of the nucleolar morphology, as well as their role in human diseases and as novel druggable molecular targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Constantinos Stathopoulos
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (E.G.K.); (N.G.)
| | - Vassiliki Stamatopoulou
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (E.G.K.); (N.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Ziv O, Price J, Shalamova L, Kamenova T, Goodfellow I, Weber F, Miska EA. The Short- and Long-Range RNA-RNA Interactome of SARS-CoV-2. Mol Cell 2020; 80:1067-1077.e5. [PMID: 33259809 PMCID: PMC7643667 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2020.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The Coronaviridae is a family of positive-strand RNA viruses that includes SARS-CoV-2, the etiologic agent of the COVID-19 pandemic. Bearing the largest single-stranded RNA genomes in nature, coronaviruses are critically dependent on long-distance RNA-RNA interactions to regulate the viral transcription and replication pathways. Here we experimentally mapped the in vivo RNA-RNA interactome of the full-length SARS-CoV-2 genome and subgenomic mRNAs. We uncovered a network of RNA-RNA interactions spanning tens of thousands of nucleotides. These interactions reveal that the viral genome and subgenomes adopt alternative topologies inside cells and engage in different interactions with host RNAs. Notably, we discovered a long-range RNA-RNA interaction, the FSE-arch, that encircles the programmed ribosomal frameshifting element. The FSE-arch is conserved in the related MERS-CoV and is under purifying selection. Our findings illuminate RNA structure-based mechanisms governing replication, discontinuous transcription, and translation of coronaviruses and will aid future efforts to develop antiviral strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omer Ziv
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute and Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK.
| | - Jonathan Price
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute and Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Lyudmila Shalamova
- Institute for Virology, FB10-Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig University, 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - Tsveta Kamenova
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute and Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Ian Goodfellow
- Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
| | - Friedemann Weber
- Institute for Virology, FB10-Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig University, 35392 Gießen, Germany.
| | - Eric A Miska
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute and Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK; Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Aznaourova M, Schmerer N, Schmeck B, Schulte LN. Disease-Causing Mutations and Rearrangements in Long Non-coding RNA Gene Loci. Front Genet 2020; 11:527484. [PMID: 33329688 PMCID: PMC7735109 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.527484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The classic understanding of molecular disease-mechanisms is largely based on protein-centric models. During the past decade however, genetic studies have identified numerous disease-loci in the human genome that do not encode proteins. Such non-coding DNA variants increasingly gain attention in diagnostics and personalized medicine. Of particular interest are long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) genes, which generate transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides that are not translated into proteins. While most of the estimated ~20,000 lncRNAs currently remain of unknown function, a growing number of genetic studies link lncRNA gene aberrations with the development of human diseases, including diabetes, AIDS, inflammatory bowel disease, or cancer. This suggests that the protein-centric view of human diseases does not capture the full complexity of molecular patho-mechanisms, with important consequences for molecular diagnostics and therapy. This review illustrates well-documented lncRNA gene aberrations causatively linked to human diseases and discusses potential lessons for molecular disease models, diagnostics, and therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Aznaourova
- Institute for Lung Research, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Nils Schmerer
- Institute for Lung Research, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Schmeck
- Institute for Lung Research, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Systems Biology Platform, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO), Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Leon N Schulte
- Institute for Lung Research, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Systems Biology Platform, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Holopainen E, Vakkilainen S, Mäkitie O. Outcomes of 42 pregnancies in 14 women with cartilage-hair hypoplasia: a retrospective cohort study. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2020; 15:326. [PMID: 33213509 PMCID: PMC7678140 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-020-01614-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cartilage-hair hypoplasia (CHH) is a rare skeletal dysplasia characterized by disproportionate short stature, immunodeficiency, anemia and risk of malignancies. All these features can affect pregnancy and predispose to maternal and fetal complications. This study aimed to evaluate obstetric history and maternal and fetal outcomes in women with CHH. METHODS Among 47 Finnish women with CHH, we identified 14 women with ICD codes related to pregnancies, childbirth and puerperium in the National Hospital Discharge Registry and obtained detailed data on gynecologic and obstetric history with a questionnaire. Offspring birth length and weight were collected and compared with population-based normal values. RESULTS There were altogether 42 pregnancies in 14 women (median height 124 cm, range 105-139 cm; 4'1'', range 3'5''-4'7''). Twenty-six pregnancies (62%), including one twin pregnancy, led to a delivery. Miscarriages, induced abortions and ectopic pregnancies complicated 9, 5, and 2 pregnancies, respectively. Severe pregnancy-related complications were rare. All women with CHH delivered by cesarean section, mostly due to evident cephalo-pelvic disproportion, and in 25/26 cases at full-term. In the majority, the birth length (median 48 cm, range 45.5-50 cm; 1'7'', range 1'6''-1'8'') and weight (3010 g, range 2100-3320 g; 6.6 lb, range 4.6-7.3 lb) of the offspring in full-term singleton pregnancies was normal. CONCLUSIONS Despite CHH mothers' significant short stature and other potential CHH-related effects on pregnancy outcome, most pregnancies lead to a term cesarean section delivery. Since fetal growth was generally unaffected, cephalo-pelvic disproportion was evident and planned cesarean section should be contemplated in term pregnancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elina Holopainen
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 140 00029, Helsinki, Finland. .,Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Svetlana Vakkilainen
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Outi Mäkitie
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet and Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
In this review, Yeganeh et al. summarize different human diseases that have been linked to defects in the Pol III transcription apparatus or to Pol III products imbalance and discuss the possible underlying mechanisms. RNA polymerase (Pol) III is responsible for transcription of different noncoding genes in eukaryotic cells, whose RNA products have well-defined functions in translation and other biological processes for some, and functions that remain to be defined for others. For all of them, however, new functions are being described. For example, Pol III products have been reported to regulate certain proteins such as protein kinase R (PKR) by direct association, to constitute the source of very short RNAs with regulatory roles in gene expression, or to control microRNA levels by sequestration. Consistent with these many functions, deregulation of Pol III transcribed genes is associated with a large variety of human disorders. Here we review different human diseases that have been linked to defects in the Pol III transcription apparatus or to Pol III products imbalance and discuss the possible underlying mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meghdad Yeganeh
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nouria Hernandez
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|