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Polanco XBJ, Bertasso AS, Silveira HA, Yamamoto de Almeida L, Almeida LKY, da Silva RAB, da Silva LAB, de Rossi A, Nelson-Filho P, León JE. IgG4-positive plasma cells are more often detected in chronic periapical lesions arising from permanent rather than primary teeth. Int Endod J 2021; 54:682-692. [PMID: 33300172 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM To characterize plasma cell subsets in chronic periapical lesions affecting permanent and primary teeth. METHODOLOGY Only chronic periapical lesions without root canal treatment were selected. Twenty-one radicular cysts and 7 periapical granulomas affecting permanent teeth and 19 radicular cysts and 4 periapical granulomas affecting primary teeth were assessed for immunoglobulin (Ig) light chain (kappa and lambda), Ig heavy chain (IgG, IgG4, IgA, IgM and IgD) and plasma cell immunohistochemical markers (MUM1/IRF4, EMA and CD138). The data acquired were analysed by Student's t test, Mann-Whitney U, Friedman test followed by Dunn's multiple comparison test and Spearman's rank correlation. RESULTS All cases were polyclonal (having similar kappa/lambda light chain ratios). IgG was most abundant compared to other Ig heavy chains (all, P < 0.001); like Ig light chains, but unlike IgA, there was greater expression of IgG in the primary compared to the permanent dentition, for both radicular cysts (P < 0.001) and periapical granulomas (P = 0.53). Notably, IgG4 expression was greater in the permanent than the primary dentition, for both radicular cyst (P < 0.05) and periapical granuloma (P = 0.65). IgM and IgD expression was scarce and variable, whereas plasma cell populations were detected efficiently through EMA, CD138 and MUM1/IRF4 markers, the latter being more sensitive in both dentitions. CONCLUSIONS There were slight variations in the Ig light and heavy chain profiles in chronic periapical lesions when comparing the permanent and primary dentitions. The ability of IgG4+ plasma cell infiltration to modulate inflammatory responses in chronic periapical lesions arising from permanent as opposed to primary teeth should be considered in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- X B J Polanco
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto Dental School (FORP/USP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - A S Bertasso
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto Dental School (FORP/USP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - H A Silveira
- Oral Medicine, Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, Araraquara Dental School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil.,Oral Pathology, Department of Stomatology, Public Oral Health and Forensic Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto Dental School (FORP/USP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - L Yamamoto de Almeida
- Oral Medicine, Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, Araraquara Dental School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - L K Y Almeida
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto Dental School (FORP/USP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - R A B da Silva
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto Dental School (FORP/USP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - L A B da Silva
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto Dental School (FORP/USP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - A de Rossi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto Dental School (FORP/USP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - P Nelson-Filho
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto Dental School (FORP/USP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - J E León
- Oral Pathology, Department of Stomatology, Public Oral Health and Forensic Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto Dental School (FORP/USP), University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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AlShwaimi E, Purcell P, Kawai T, Sasaki H, Oukka M, Campos-Neto A, Stashenko P. Regulatory T cells in mouse periapical lesions. J Endod 2009; 35:1229-33. [PMID: 19720221 PMCID: PMC2778286 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2009.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2009] [Revised: 06/08/2009] [Accepted: 06/12/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION T-regulatory (Treg, CD4+ FOXP3+) cells constitute a unique subpopulation of CD4+ T cells that inhibit T-cell responses and prevent disease development/exacerbation in models of autoimmunity. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that Treg cells are induced in periapical lesions by dental pulp infection. METHODS In situ hybridization (ISH) was used to localize FOXP3+ cells on day 21 after pulp exposure of the first molar teeth and infection with bacteria from the oral environment. FOXP3/GFP knock-in transgenic mice were used to quantify FOXP3+ Treg cells that infiltrate into periapical lesions by flow cytometry on days 7, 14, and 21 after infection. Periodontal ligament from uninfected teeth served as a negative control. RESULTS ISH showed strong signals that showed the presence of FOXP3+ cells mainly at the periphery of periapical lesions. In contrast, no positive cells were present in the periodontal ligament of uninfected controls. Flow cytometry showed an increase in the number of FOXP3+ Treg beginning between day 7 and day 14 (0.69% of the infiltrate) after infection and increased to day 21 (0.94%) (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001, respectively, vs uninfected controls). Treg were also increased in number in draining cervical lymph nodes after pulpal infection. CONCLUSIONS These results show that Treg cells are induced to infiltrate into periapical lesions by pulpal infection and suggest that they increase in a time-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad AlShwaimi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Biomaterials Sciences, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Hajime Sasaki
- Department of Cytokine Biology, The Forsyth Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Mohamed Oukka
- Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Philip Stashenko
- Department of Cytokine Biology, The Forsyth Institute, Boston, MA
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Leonardi R, Caltabiano M, Pagano M, Pezzuto V, Loreto C, Palestro G. Detection of vascular endothelial growth factor/ vascular permeability factor in periapical lesions. J Endod 2003; 29:180-3. [PMID: 12669876 DOI: 10.1097/00004770-200303000-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), also known as vascular permeability factor (VPF), is a multifunctional cytokine. It is overexpressed in several conditions, which are characterized by vascular hyperpermeability and angiogenesis. In this investigation, we have evaluated the possibility that VEGF/VPF could be expressed in periapical lesions. We studied 17 periapical granulomas and 6 periapical cysts by immunohistochemistry. An immunopositive reaction for VEGF/VPF was observed in all 23 periapical lesions; however, the intensity of immunostaining by anti-VEGF antibody varied according to histopathological findings. In periapical granulomas without epithelium, almost all of the inflammatory cells were immunoreactive to anti-VEGF/VIP antibody. In periapical granulomas, which had rests of Malassez in them, some inflammatory cells were stained. On the other hand, epithelial cells always were stained by VEGF/VPF antibody, both in periapical lesions with epithelium and in radicular cysts. This study demonstrated that periapical lesions express VEGF/VPF, although with some differences in cell immunolabeling, which correlated to the lesions' stages of development. Initially, VEGF/VPF would assure angiogenesis and vascular hyperpermeability, resulting in accumulation of inflammatory cells, later it could be involved in cyst fluid accumulation. We hypothesize, therefore, that VEGF/VPF expression plays an important role in the pathogenesis of periapical granulomas and enlargement of radicular cysts by several mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Leonardi
- Cattedra di Ortognatodonzia, University of Catania, Italy
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