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Baboo S, Diedrich JK, Martínez-Bartolomé S, Wang X, Schiffner T, Groschel B, Schief WR, Paulson JC, Yates JR. DeGlyPHER: Highly sensitive site-specific analysis of N-linked glycans on proteins. Methods Enzymol 2022; 682:137-185. [PMID: 36948700 PMCID: PMC11032187 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2022.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Traditional mass spectrometry-based glycoproteomic approaches have been widely used for site-specific N-glycoform analysis, but a large amount of starting material is needed to obtain sampling that is representative of the vast diversity of N-glycans on glycoproteins. These methods also often include a complicated workflow and very challenging data analysis. These limitations have prevented glycoproteomics from being adapted to high-throughput platforms, and the sensitivity of the analysis is currently inadequate for elucidating N-glycan heterogeneity in clinical samples. Heavily glycosylated spike proteins of enveloped viruses, recombinantly expressed as potential vaccines, are prime targets for glycoproteomic analysis. Since the immunogenicity of spike proteins may be impacted by their glycosylation patterns, site-specific analysis of N-glycoforms provides critical information for vaccine design. Using recombinantly expressed soluble HIV Env trimer, we describe DeGlyPHER, a modification of our previously reported sequential deglycosylation strategy to yield a "single-pot" process. DeGlyPHER is an ultrasensitive, simple, rapid, robust, and efficient approach for site-specific analysis of protein N-glycoforms, that we developed for analysis of limited quantities of glycoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabyasachi Baboo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States.
| | - Jolene K Diedrich
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | | | - Xiaoning Wang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Torben Schiffner
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States; IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States; The Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Bettina Groschel
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States; IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - William R Schief
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States; IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States; The Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - James C Paulson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - John R Yates
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States.
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Shri N, Muhammad T. Association of intimate partner violence and other risk factors with HIV infection among married women in India: evidence from National Family Health Survey 2015-16. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:2105. [PMID: 34789185 PMCID: PMC8597306 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-12100-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection remains an important public health concern in many countries. It is fuelled by gender inequality and disparity, which has resulted in a fundamental violation of women's human rights. This study aims to find out the association of intimate partner violence (IPV) and other risk factors with the prevalence of HIV infection among married women in India. METHODS This study is based on data from the India National Family Health Survey (2015-16). Bivariate analysis has been performed to estimate the prevalence of HIV. Logistic regression analysis is conducted to find out the association between IPV, factors such as having alcoholic husband and lifetime partner, and HIV infection among currently married women. RESULTS Married women who had faced physical, sexual, and emotional violence from their husbands/partners were almost twice more likely to have tested HIV positive compared to married women who did not face violence [OR: 2.14, CI: 1.08-4.50]. The odds of testing for HIV positive was significantly higher among the married women experiencing IPV and having alcoholic husband [OR: 4.48, CI: 1.87-10.70] than those who did not experience IPV and had non-alcoholic husband. The use of condom did not show any significant association with HIV infection. Again, having more than one lifetime partner had a positive association with HIV infection compared to those with one partner [OR: 2.45, CI: 1.21-4.16]. CONCLUSIONS The study revealed that factors such as experiencing all types of IPV, having an alcoholic husband, increased number of lifetime partners, being sexually inactive, belonging to vulnerable social groups, and urban place of residence are important risk factors of HIV infection among married women in India. The results also suggest that gender-based violence and an alcoholic husband may represent a significant factor of HIV infection among married women and interventions should on focus such vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Shri
- International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra India 400088
| | - T. Muhammad
- International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra India 400088
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Liu L, Liu LN, Wang P, Lv TT, Fan YG, Pan HF. Elevated seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in AIDS/HIV patients: A meta-analysis. Acta Trop 2017; 176:162-167. [PMID: 28784422 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Clinical toxoplasmosis in AIDS/HIV patients is a great public health concern around the world. Untreated Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii)-infections are often fatal in AIDS/HIV patients. This study aims to assess the seroprevalence and odds ratio (OR) of T. gondii in AIDS/HIV patients, as well as the potential influential factors. Studies published from December 1, 1983 to December 1, 2016 in English, which comparing the seroprevalence of T. gondii between AIDS/HIV patients and control group were searched in PubMed, EMBASE and The Cochrane Library databases. The non-weighted prevalence, pooled fixed-effect or random-effect model estimates of OR and its 95% confidence intervals (CI) were all calculated. Heterogeneity test was performed by the Q statistic and quantified using I2, publication bias was evaluated using a funnel plot and Egger's linear regression test. A total of 4220 articles were obtained after searching databases, and 12 studies with 2101 AIDS/HIV patients and 5851 controls were incorporated in the meta-analysis. Meta-analysis revealed that, compared with the control group, the AIDS/HIV group had a higher seroprevalence of T. gondii (46.12% vs 36.56%) (OR=1.55, 95%CI: 1.19-2.04). Subgroup analyses showed that publication year, race, geographic locations and diagnostic methods are positive associated with the seroprevalence of T. gondii. Overall, our study suggests that AIDS/HIV patients have higher seroprevalence of T. gondii than those without.
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