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Novák I, Preto J, Vanko V, Rychlý J, Pavlinec J, Chodák I. Modification of Hot-Melt Adhesives Based on Metallocene Poly(ethylene-Propylene) Copolymer for High Adhesion to Polar Surfaces. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14061253. [PMID: 35335582 PMCID: PMC8951299 DOI: 10.3390/polym14061253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A procedure is described of grafting the acrylic acid onto an oxygen/ozone-activated metallocene poly(ethylene-co-propylene). Consequently, the grafted copolymer is applied as a component in a metallocene polyolefin-based hot-melt adhesive composition with increased adhesion. The surface properties and adhesion strength of the prepared hot-melt adhesive (HMA) were determined and used to account for the effect of grafting. The application of grafted polyolefin as one of the components of the HMA mixture provides significant increase in adhesive strength, and it also results in increased compatibility and negligible effects on the technological parameters of the final composition. The obtained results may have significant impact for the practical application of prepared HMA for book bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Novák
- Polymer Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 41 Bratislava, Slovakia; (I.N.); (J.R.); (J.P.)
| | - Jozef Preto
- VIPO, 958 01 Partizánske, Slovakia; (J.P.); (V.V.)
| | | | - Jozef Rychlý
- Polymer Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 41 Bratislava, Slovakia; (I.N.); (J.R.); (J.P.)
| | - Juraj Pavlinec
- Polymer Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 41 Bratislava, Slovakia; (I.N.); (J.R.); (J.P.)
| | - Ivan Chodák
- Polymer Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 41 Bratislava, Slovakia; (I.N.); (J.R.); (J.P.)
- Correspondence:
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A rapid and highly sensitive evaluation of polymer composite aging with linear correlation to real-time aging. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1169:338632. [PMID: 34088370 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Evaluation of polymer aging is very important for the long-term performance of polymer materials, but it remains a challenge to correlate accelerated evaluations with the real-time procedures. Here we develop a novel in-situ aging evaluation system for rapid and sensitive aging evaluations of polymer materials within hours under multiple environmental conditions. It is carried out by in-situ detecting the generation rate of trace gaseous degradation products, e.g. CO2, of polymer materials in a specially designed reaction cell during aging under environmental conditions with various UV irradiation, temperature and humidity. The advantages of this system were demonstrated by applying to evaluate the photo-oxidation of polypropylene (PP)-CaCO3 composites, including stability evaluation, aging status analysis, aging kinetics measurements and study on effects of UV irradiation intensity and humidity. The CO2 generation rate of PP-CaCO3 composites measured in this system is well correlated to carbonyl indices during 120-day natural weathering. A linear relationship was observed between the generation rate of CO2 and the natural logarithm of the carbonyl index. The activation energy of the photo-oxidation of PP-CaCO3 composites was calculated based on generation rates of CO2 at different temperatures in the range of 30-80 °C. The increase of UV irradiation intensity and humidity both enhanced the generation rate of CO2 of PP composites, and the presence of CaCO3 fillers promoted the sensitivity of PP photo-oxidation to both of UV irradiation intensity and humidity. This study provides a new approach to rapid and highly sensitive evaluation of polymer composite aging under multiple environmental conditions.
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Zhang Z, Tian R, Zhang P, Lu C, Duan X. Three-Dimensional Visualization for Early-Stage Evolution of Polymer Aging. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2020; 6:771-778. [PMID: 32490193 PMCID: PMC7256940 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.0c00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring the evolution of polymer aging, especially early-stage aging, over both time and dimensionality can provide in-depth insight into aging-induced material invalidation and even disastrous accidents. However, it remains a great challenge because currently available methods for polymer aging only provide statistic results at a macroscopic scale. Herein, we report the first three-dimensional early-stage visualization (ESV) technique of polymer aging by using the fluorophore-bonded boronic acid to specifically target aging-induced hydroxyl groups through the B-O click reaction. This method can identify the initial aging of polypropylene (PP) as early as 20.0 min. In contrast, no signals can be detected by conventional infrared spectroscopy even after 21 days of thermal treatment. More importantly, the three-dimensional evolution for early-stage polymer aging was demonstrated: faster aggression in the horizontal plane (4.1 × 10-4 s-1) than in the vertical direction (2.6 × 10-9 m s-1) for PP films. The approach could undoubtedly provide valuable information in elucidating mechanistic details of polymer aging in three-dimensional scale and assessing the utility of advanced antiaging materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zekun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical
Resource Engineering, Beijing University
of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Rui Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical
Resource Engineering, Beijing University
of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Pudun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical
Resource Engineering, Beijing University
of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Chao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical
Resource Engineering, Beijing University
of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xue Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical
Resource Engineering, Beijing University
of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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5
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Initiation of oxidative degradation in polypropylene reactor powder produced by Ziegler-Natta catalyst. Polym Degrad Stab 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2017.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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6
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A novel in-situ aging evaluation method by FTIR and the application to thermal oxidized nitrile rubber. Polym Degrad Stab 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2016.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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François-Heude A, Richaud E, Guinault A, Desnoux E, Colin X. Impact of oxygen transport properties on polypropylene thermal oxidation, part 1: Effect of oxygen solubility. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.41441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre François-Heude
- Arts et Metiers ParisTech, PIMM Laboratory; (CNRS UMR 8006) Paris France
- Renault, DETC-A department; Guyancourt France
| | - Emmanuel Richaud
- Arts et Metiers ParisTech, PIMM Laboratory; (CNRS UMR 8006) Paris France
| | - Alain Guinault
- Arts et Metiers ParisTech, PIMM Laboratory; (CNRS UMR 8006) Paris France
| | | | - Xavier Colin
- Arts et Metiers ParisTech, PIMM Laboratory; (CNRS UMR 8006) Paris France
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8
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The effect of γ-ray irradiation on thermal oxidation of additive-free polypropylene pellets investigated by multichannel Fourier-transform chemiluminescence spectroscopy. Chem Phys Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2013.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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9
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Yano A, Akai N, Ishii H, Satoh C, Hironiwa T, Millington KR, Nakata M. Thermal oxidative degradation of additive-free polypropylene pellets investigated by multichannel Fourier-transform chemiluminescence spectroscopy. Polym Degrad Stab 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2013.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Colwell JM, Nikolic MA, Bottle SE, George GA. Sensitive luminescence techniques to study the early stages of polymer oxidation. Polym Degrad Stab 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2013.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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11
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Malíková M, Rychlý J, Matisová-Rychlá L, Csomorová K, Janigová I, Wilde HW. Assessing the progress of degradation in polyurethanes by chemiluminescence. I. Unstabilised polyurethane films. Polym Degrad Stab 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2010.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Malíková M, Rychlý J, Matisová-Rychlá L. The effects of annealing in inert atmospheres and of oxygen concentration on chemiluminescence from polypropylene. Polym Degrad Stab 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2008.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Richaud E, Colin X, Fayolle B, Audouin L, Verdu J. Induction period in the low-temperature thermal oxidation of saturated hydrocarbons: Example of polyethylene. INT J CHEM KINET 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.20347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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17
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ESR imaging and FTIR study of thermally treated poly(acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene) (ABS) containing a hindered amine stabilizer: Effect of polymer morphology, and butadiene and stabilizer content. Polym Degrad Stab 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2005.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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18
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Verdu J, Colin X, Audouin L, Rychly J, Matisová-Rychlá L. Chemiluminescence from the thermal oxidation of polyisoprene and polybutadiene I. Influence of oxygen pressure on the chemiluminescence of polyisoprene during its oxidation. Polym Degrad Stab 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2005.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
Many oxidation reactions of organic materials, including polymers, are accompanied by the emission of weak chemiluminescence (CL). From a study of the mechanism of this weak CL, it is shown that the time development of the CL intensity may provide the kinetics of the oxidation reaction and is thus a sensitive probe of the degradation of the material. The intensity of emission reflects the concentration of peroxidic species in the material. Whereas the kinetics of the oxidation may be described by a series of elementary, homogeneous free radical reactions, the use of imaging techniques has shown that the oxidation of polymers such as polypropylene is highly heterogeneous. A model that describes the oxidation as spreading through the material as an infection from a number of initiating sites is able to rationalize these observations and provide a new approach to the prediction of the useful lifetime of a polymeric material.
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22
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Jacobson K, Eriksson P, Reitberger T, Stenberg B. Chemiluminescence as a Tool for Polyolefin Oxidation Studies. LONG TERM PROPERTIES OF POLYOLEFINS 2004. [DOI: 10.1007/b13522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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23
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Matisová-Rychlá L, Rychlý J. Thermal oxidation of nonstabilized and stabilized polymers and chemiluminescence. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.10847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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24
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Pavlinec J, Moszner N. Dark reactions of free radicals trapped in densely crosslinked polymer networks after photopolymerization. J Appl Polym Sci 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/app.11787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Cerruti P, Carfagna C, Rychlý J, Matisová-Rychlá L. Chemiluminescence from oxidation of polyamide 6,6. I. The oxidation of pure polyamide. Polym Degrad Stab 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-3910(03)00203-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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26
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Oxidation of unstabilised polypropylene particles as studied by microcalorimetry and chemiluminescence techniques. Polym Degrad Stab 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-3910(03)00065-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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27
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Motyakin MV, Schlick S. Electron Spin Resonance Imaging and ATR−FTIR Study of Poly(acrylonitrile−butadiene−styrene) Containing a Hindered Amine Stabilizer and Thermally Treated at 353 K. Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma011919l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail V. Motyakin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Detroit Mercy, Detroit, Michigan 48219
| | - Shulamith Schlick
- Department of Chemistry, University of Detroit Mercy, Detroit, Michigan 48219
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Allen NS, Rivalle G, Edge M, Corrales T, Catalina F. Chemiluminescence processes in thermal and photochemically oxidised poly(ethylene-co-1,4-cyclohexanedimethylene terephthalate) (PECT): influence of stabilisers. Polym Degrad Stab 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-3910(01)00224-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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29
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Motyakin MV, Schlick S. Thermal degradation at 393 K of poly(acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene) (ABS) containing a hindered amine stabilizer: a study by 1D and 2D electron spin resonance imaging (ESRI) and ATR–FTIR. Polym Degrad Stab 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-3910(01)00262-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Blakey I, George GA, Billingham NC. Energy Transfer and Activated Chemiluminescence during Thermal Oxidation of Polypropylene: Evidence for Chemically Induced Electron Exchange Luminescence. Macromolecules 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/ma010217t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Idriss Blakey
- Centre for Instrumental and Developmental Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, 4001; and School of Chemistry, Physics and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QJ, U.K
| | - Graeme A. George
- Centre for Instrumental and Developmental Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, 4001; and School of Chemistry, Physics and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QJ, U.K
| | - Norman C. Billingham
- Centre for Instrumental and Developmental Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, 4001; and School of Chemistry, Physics and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QJ, U.K
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Blakey I, George GA. Simultaneous FTIR Emission Spectroscopy and Chemiluminescence of Oxidizing Polypropylene: Evidence for Alternate Chemiluminescence Mechanisms. Macromolecules 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/ma001206n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Idriss Blakey
- Centre for Instrumental and Developmental Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Graeme A. George
- Centre for Instrumental and Developmental Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Rychlý J, Matisová-Rychlá L, Tiemblo P, Gomez-Elvira J. The effect of physical parameters of isotactic polypropylene on its oxidisability measured by chemiluminescence method. Contribution to the spreading phenomenon. Polym Degrad Stab 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-3910(00)00169-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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33
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Rychlý J, Matisová-Rychlá L, Jurčák D. Chemiluminescence from oxidized polypropylene during temperature cycling. Polym Degrad Stab 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-3910(00)00006-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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