1
|
Kacanski M, Stelzer F, Walsh M, Kenny S, O'Connor K, Neureiter M. Pilot-scale production of mcl-PHA by Pseudomonas citronellolis using acetic acid as the sole carbon source. N Biotechnol 2023; 78:68-75. [PMID: 37827242 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2023.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Medium-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoates (mcl-PHA) are biobased materials with promising properties for environmentally friendly applications. Due to high production costs, which are related to the cost of the carbon sources combined with conversion insufficiencies, currently only small quantities are produced. This results in a lack of reliable data on properties and application potential for the variety of polymers from different types of production strains. This study investigated the potential for the production of mcl-PHA from volatile fatty acids (VFA) at a larger scale, given their potential as low-cost and sustainable raw material within a carboxylate-platform based biorefinery. Pseudomonas citronellolis (DSMZ 50332) was chosen as the production strain, and acetic acid was selected as the main carbon and energy source. Nitrogen was limited to trigger polymer production, and a fed-batch process using a pH-stat feeding regime with concentrated acid was established. We report successful production, extraction, and characterization of mcl PHA, obtaining a total of 1.76 kg from two 500-litre scale fermentations. The produced polymer was identified as a copolymer of 3-hydroxydecanoate (60.7%), 3-hydroxyoctanoate (37.3%), and 3-hydroxyhexanoate (2.0%) with a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 536 kDa. NMR analysis indicates the presence of unsaturated side chains, which may offer additional possibilities for modification. The results confirm that there is a potential to produce significant amounts of mcl-PHA with interesting rubber-like properties from waste-derived VFA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milos Kacanski
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Agrobiotechnology, Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Tulln, Austria
| | - Franz Stelzer
- Graz University of Technology, Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Graz, Austria
| | | | | | | | - Markus Neureiter
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Agrobiotechnology, Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Tulln, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Silva JB, Pereira JR, Marreiros BC, Reis MA, Freitas F. Microbial production of medium-chain length polyhydroxyalkanoates. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
3
|
Ishii-Hyakutake M, Mizuno S, Tsuge T. Biosynthesis and Characteristics of Aromatic Polyhydroxyalkanoates. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10111267. [PMID: 30961192 PMCID: PMC6401900 DOI: 10.3390/polym10111267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are polyesters synthesized by bacteria as a carbon and energy storage material. PHAs are characterized by thermoplasticity, biodegradability, and biocompatibility, and thus have attracted considerable attention for use in medical, agricultural, and marine applications. The properties of PHAs depend on the monomer composition and many types of PHA monomers have been reported. This review focuses on biosynthesized PHAs bearing aromatic groups as side chains. Aromatic PHAs show characteristics different from those of aliphatic PHAs. This review summarizes the types of aromatic PHAs and their characteristics, including their thermal and mechanical properties and degradation behavior. Furthermore, the effect of the introduction of an aromatic monomer on the glass transition temperature (Tg) of PHAs is discussed. The introduction of aromatic monomers into PHA chains is a promising method for improving the properties of PHAs, as the characteristics of aromatic PHAs differ from those of aliphatic PHAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manami Ishii-Hyakutake
- Bioplastic Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
| | - Shoji Mizuno
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan.
| | - Takeharu Tsuge
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Muhr A, Rechberger EM, Salerno A, Reiterer A, Schiller M, Kwiecień M, Adamus G, Kowalczuk M, Strohmeier K, Schober S, Mittelbach M, Koller M. Biodegradable latexes from animal-derived waste: Biosynthesis and characterization of mcl-PHA accumulated by Ps. citronellolis. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2012.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
5
|
Degradation of Natural and Artificial Poly[(R)-3-hydroxyalkanoate]s: From Biodegradation to Hydrolysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-03287-5_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
6
|
de Eugenio LI, Garci A P, Luengo JM, Sanz JSM, Roma N JS, Garci A JL, Prieto MAA. Biochemical Evidence That phaZ Gene Encodes a Specific Intracellular Medium Chain Length Polyhydroxyalkanoate Depolymerase in Pseudomonas putida KT2442. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:4951-4962. [PMID: 17170116 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m608119200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) can be catabolized by many microorganisms using intra- or extracellular PHA depolymerases. Most of our current knowledge of these intracellular enzyme-coding genes comes from the analysis of short chain length PHA depolymerases, whereas medium chain length PHA (mcl-PHA) intracellular depolymerization systems still remained to be characterized. The phaZ gene of some Pseudomonas putida strains has been identified only by mutagenesis and complementation techniques as putative intracellular mcl-PHA depolymerase. However, none of their corresponding encoded PhaZ enzymes have been characterized in depth. In this study the PhaZ depolymerase from P. putida KT2442 has been purified and biochemically characterized after its overexpression in Escherichia coli. To facilitate these studies we have developed a new and very sensitive radioactive method for detecting PHA hydrolysis in vitro. We have demonstrated that PhaZ is an intracellular depolymerase that is located in PHA granules and that hydrolyzes specifically mcl-PHAs containing aliphatic and aromatic monomers. The enzyme behaves as a serine hydrolase that is inhibited by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride. We have modeled the three-dimensional structure of PhaZ complexed with a 3-hydroxyoctanoate dimer. Using this model, we found that the enzyme appears to be built up from a corealpha/beta hydrolase-type domain capped with a lid structure with an active site containing a catalytic triad buried near the connection between domains. All these data constitute the first biochemical characterization of PhaZ and allow us to propose this enzyme as the paradigmatic representative of intracellular endo/exo-mcl-PHA depolymerases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura I de Eugenio
- Departamento de Microbiologi´a Molecular, Centro de Investigaciones Biolo´gicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cienti´ficas (CSIC), C. Ramiro de Maeztu, 9, 28040 Madrid
| | - Pedro Garci A
- Departamento de Microbiologi´a Molecular, Centro de Investigaciones Biolo´gicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cienti´ficas (CSIC), C. Ramiro de Maeztu, 9, 28040 Madrid
| | - José M Luengo
- Departamento de Bioqui´mica y Biologi´a Molecular, Universidad de Leo´n, 24007 Leo´n
| | - Jesu S M Sanz
- Instituto de Biologi´a Molecular y Celular, Universidad Miguel Herna´ndez, Av. Universidad, s/n. 03202 Elche (Alicante), and the
| | - Julio San Roma N
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnologi´a de Poli´meros, CSIC, C. Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Garci A
- Departamento de Microbiologi´a Molecular, Centro de Investigaciones Biolo´gicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cienti´ficas (CSIC), C. Ramiro de Maeztu, 9, 28040 Madrid
| | - Mari A A Prieto
- Departamento de Microbiologi´a Molecular, Centro de Investigaciones Biolo´gicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cienti´ficas (CSIC), C. Ramiro de Maeztu, 9, 28040 Madrid.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ho IC, Yang SP, Chiu WY, Huang SY. Structure and polymer form of poly-3-hydroxyalkanoates produced by Pseudomonas oleovorans grown with mixture of sodium octanoate/undecylenic acid and sodium octanoate/5-phenylvaleric acid. Int J Biol Macromol 2007; 40:112-8. [PMID: 16919325 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2006.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2006] [Revised: 06/14/2006] [Accepted: 06/19/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PHAs (poly-3-hydroxyalkanoates) obtained by Pseudomonas oleovorans grown with mixed carbon sources were investigated. Mixed carbon sources were sodium octanoate/undecylenic acid and sodium octanoate/5-phenylvaleric acid. Effect of carbon source in pre-culture on PHAs structure was investigated. Main fermentation was conducted with mixture of sodium octanoate/undecylenic acid, and PHA contained both saturated and unsaturated units. When more undecylenic acid was used in the medium, the ratio of unsaturated unit increased and the T(g) of the products also changed. The PHA grown with mixture of sodium octanoate and undecylenic acid was a random copolymer, which was determined by DSC analysis. Using mixed carbon sources of sodium octanoate and 5-phenylvaleric acid, highest dry cell weight and PHA concentration were obtained when 0.02g or 0.04g of 5-phenylvaleric acid were added in 50mL medium. Cultured with sodium octanoate and 5-phenylvaleric acid, PHA containing HO (3-hydroxyoctanoate) unit and HPV (3-hydroxy-5-phenylvalerate) unit was produced. T(g) of the products fell between those of pure PHO and pure PHPV. By means of DSC analysis and fractionation method, the PHA obtained was regarded as a random copolymer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I-Ching Ho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tobin KM, O'Connor KE. Polyhydroxyalkanoate accumulating diversity of Pseudomonas species utilising aromatic hydrocarbons. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2006; 253:111-8. [PMID: 16260095 DOI: 10.1016/j.femsle.2005.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2005] [Revised: 09/14/2005] [Accepted: 09/17/2005] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of Pseudomonas strains accumulated polyhdroxyalkanoate (PHA) from a variety of aromatic hydrocarbons. In many strains the level of PHA accumulation was dependent on the side chain length of the phenylalkanoic acid provided for growth. 4 of the 8 strains accumulated increased levels of PHA as the side chain length of the phenylalkanoic acid substrate increased. PHA accumulated from styrene and phenylacetic acid was composed of aliphatic monomers only. The PHA accumulated from any one of the phenylalkanoic acids with 5 carbons or more in their side chain (n>or=5) was almost identical for all strains with PHA composed of both aromatic and aliphatic monomers. The predominant monomers accumulated were 3-hydroxyphenylvaleric acid and 3-hydroxyphenylhexanoic acid. The addition of the metabolic pathway inhibitors acrylic acid and 2-bromoctanoic acid resulted in decreased levels of PHA from phenylacetic acid, suggesting a role for both beta-oxidation and fatty acid synthesis in PHA accumulation from phenylacetic acid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen M Tobin
- Department of Industrial Microbiology, Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, Conway Institute for Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, National University of Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ward PG, O'Connor KE. Bacterial synthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoates containing aromatic and aliphatic monomers by Pseudomonas putida CA-3. Int J Biol Macromol 2005; 35:127-33. [PMID: 15811466 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2005.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2004] [Revised: 01/07/2005] [Accepted: 01/07/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas putida CA-3 has the ability to accumulate to high levels unique polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) heteropolymers composed of aromatic and aliphatic monomers. The majority of monomers are aromatic making up 98% of the polymer. (R)-3-hydroxyphenylvalerate and (R)-3-hydroxyphenylhexanoate are the most abundant monomers found in polymers accumulated from phenylalkanoic acids with an uneven and even number of carbons on the acyl side chain respectively. PHAs accumulated from phenylvaleric and phenylhexanoic acid were partially crystalline while all other PHAs were amorphous. Significant differences in the yield and PHA content of the cells occurred when different phenylalkanoic acids were supplied as growth substrates. Increasing the initial concentration of the growth substrate increased both the PHA content of the cells and the overall yield (g PHA/g carbon supplied) of PHA accumulated by P. putida CA-3 cells. The highest PHA content (% cell dry wt.) from an aromatic carbon source was 59% when 15mM phenylvaleric acid was supplied as the sole source of carbon and energy. This corresponded to a maximum PHA yield of 0.42 g PHA/g carbon supplied. In and attempt to increase the level of PHA accumulated from related growth substrates acrylic acid was added to the growth medium. However, the addition of various concentrations of acrylic acid to the growth medium had either no effect or decreased the PHA content of the cell accumulated from phenylalkanoic acids by P. putida CA-3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick G Ward
- Department of Industrial Microbiology, Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, Conway Institute for Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, National University of Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Choi MH, Rho JK, Lee HJ, Song JJ, Yoon SC, Lee SY. First-order kinetics analysis of monomer composition dependent polyhydroxyalkanoic acid degradation in Pseudomonas spp. Biomacromolecules 2003; 4:424-8. [PMID: 12625741 DOI: 10.1021/bm0257199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The intracellular degradation of polyhydroxyalkanoic acid (PHA) in pseudomonads was investigated by first-order kinetics analysis using the initial rate method. One type of PHA was accumulated in five Pseudomonas spp., P. oleovorans, P. aeruginosa, P. fluorescens, P. citronellolis, and P. putida, by growing them on octanoic acid. The monomer compositions of the five PHA were not significantly different from one another: 85-90 mol % 3-hydroxyoctanoic acid (3HO), 7-12 mol % 3-hydorxycaproic acid (3HC), and 3-6 mol % 3-hydroxydecanoic acid (3HD). The first-order degradation rate constants (k(1)) for the octanoate-derived PHA (designated P(3HO)) in the five species were in a similar range between 0.060 and 0.088 h(-1). This may indicate the similar specificities of the five intracellular depolymerases. In addition, the similar k(1) among the different species may correlate with the high degree of amino acid sequence identities (over 85%) among the intracellular PHA depolymerase phaZ genes. Six other chemically different types of PHA were accumulated in P. putida from n-nonanoic acid, n-decanoic acid, 5-phenyvaleric acid, or 11-phenoxyundecanoic acid as a single or a mixed carbon source. The calculated k(1) values were characteristic to each PHA, reflecting their chemical structures. In comparison with P(3HO), an increase in the levels of the two minor monomers 3HC and 3HD as in P(21 mol % 3HC-co-56 mol % 3HO-co-23 mol % 3HD) significantly slowed the rate of intracellular degradation. From the comparison of k(1) values, it is suggested that the P. putida intracellular depolymerase is most active against P(3HO).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mun Hwan Choi
- Biomaterials Science Laboratory, Division of Life Science at the College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Chinju 660-701, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Choi MH, Lee HJ, Rho JK, Yoon SC, Nam JD, Lim D, Lenz RW. Biosynthesis and local sequence specific degradation of poly(3-hydroxyvalerate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) in Hydrogenophaga pseudoflava. Biomacromolecules 2003; 4:38-45. [PMID: 12523844 DOI: 10.1021/bm025596s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A novel copolymer that consisted of 3-hydroxyvalerate and 4-hydroxybutyrate, P(3HV-co-4HB), was synthesized in Hydrogenophaga pseudoflava by growing it in media containing gamma-valerolactone and gamma-butyrolactone as a carbon source. The monomer ratio in the copolymer was changed by altering the feed ratio of the two lactones. The cultivation technique was composed of three steps: the first-step for high cell production in Luria-Bertani medium, the second-step for intracellular degrading removal of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (P(3HB)), which was formed in the first step, by culturing the cells in carbon-source-free medium, and the final step for accumulation of P(3HV-co-4HB) in a mixed lactone medium. All the P(3HV-co-4HB) copolymers contained less than 1 mol % of 3HB unit. These copolymers were characterized by NMR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, wide-angle X-ray diffraction, and first-order kinetic analysis of intracellular degradation. The copolymer with an approximately equal ratio of the comonomers was found amorphous. The NMR microstructural analysis showed that the copolymers contained appreciable amounts of 3HV-rich or 4HB-rich chains. The (13)C NMR splitting patterns associated with the four carbons in the 4HB unit of P(3HV-co-4HB) bear close resemblance to those observed in the 4HB unit of P(3HB-co-4HB). The signals arising from the carbons in the 3HV unit of P(3HV-co-4HB) split in a manner similar to those in the 3HB unit of P(3HB-co-4HB). Thus the sequences were assigned by comparing the NMR splittings for P(3HV-co-4HB) with those for P(3HB-co-4HB) and P(3HB-co-3HV). The sequence assignment was further checked by comparing the signal intensities before and after degradation of the copolymers. This was considered reasonable because the H. pseudoflava intracellular PHA depolymerase is more specific to the 3HV unit than to the 4HB unit, which was also confirmed by the higher degradation rate constant for the 3HV unit in the first-order kinetic analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M H Choi
- Biomaterials Science Laboratory, Division of Life Science at the College of Natural Sciences and Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21 Program) at the Graduate School, Gyeongsang National University, Chinju 660-701, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|