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George MA, Chandak SA, Khekade SH, Gahlod NB, Wasnik MB, V SM. Comparative Evaluation of Microleakage of Fiber-reinforced Glass Ionomer Cement and Conventional Glass Ionomer Cement Restorations Immersed in Three Different Beverages: In Vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2024; 25:346-353. [PMID: 38956850 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
AIM The aim of the study was to compare and evaluate the microleakage of fiber-reinforced glass ionomer cement (GIC) and conventional glass ionomer cement restorations immersed in three different beverages. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 96 human exfoliating deciduous molars were selected which were cleaned and disinfected. Standardized Class V cavity preparations were done and buccal surface were restored with experimental fiber-reinforced glass ionomer cement (Exp-FRGIC), lingual surface were restored with Type II conventional GIC. They were divided into four groups according to the test beverage. The samples were subjected to various immersion regimes and evaluated for microleakage under stereomicroscope. RESULTS Intragroup comparison for (Exp-FRGIC) showed significant microleakage when immersed in fresh fruit juice at high immersion whereas intragroup comparison in conventional GIC, showed highest microleakage with soft drink. Intergroup comparison of (Exp-FRGIC) in high immersion regime, showed more microleakage with specimen immersed in soft drink followed by fresh fruit juice. CONCLUSION It can thus be concluded that the three beverages used in the study affected the microleakage of both restorative materials significantly. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Increasing usage of fruit juices in the pediatric diet has a definite impact on the progression of caries and it directly or indirectly affects the quality of restorations placed in the oral cavity. How to cite this article: George MA, Chandak SA, Khekade SH, et al. Comparative Evaluation of Microleakage of Fiber-reinforced Glass Ionomer Cement and Conventional Glass Ionomer Cement Restorations Immersed in Three Different Beverages: In Vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2024;25(4):346-353.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda Ann George
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Pushpagiri College of Dental Sciences, Thiruvalla, Kerala, India, Phone: +91 9920432115, e-mail: , Orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7550-1633
| | - Shweta Abhay Chandak
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Bhabha Dental College, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sneha Himmatrao Khekade
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Pacific Dental College and Research Centre, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India, Orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0697-2965
| | - Niharika Bhushansingh Gahlod
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Swargiya Dadasaheb Kalmegh Smruti, Dental College, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India, Orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3098-5133
| | - Milind Bhagwan Wasnik
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Swargiya Dadasaheb Kalmegh Smruti, Dental College, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shibi Mathew V
- Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, Pushpagiri College of Dental Sciences, Thiruvalla, Kerala, India
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Singer L, Bourauel C. Herbalism and glass-based materials in dentistry: review of the current state of the art. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2023; 34:60. [PMID: 37962680 PMCID: PMC10645656 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-023-06764-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Half a million different plant species are occurring worldwide, of which only 1% has been phytochemically considered. Thus, there is great potential for discovering novel bioactive compounds. In dentistry, herbal extracts have been used as antimicrobial agents, analgesics, and intracanal medicaments. Glass-ionomer cement (GIC) and bioactive glass (BAG) are attractive materials in dentistry due to their bioactivity, adhesion, and remineralisation capabilities. Thus, this review summarizes the evidence around the use of phytotherapeutics in dental glass-based materials. This review article covers the structure, properties, and clinical uses of GIC and BAG materials within dentistry, with an emphasis on all the attempts that have been made in the last 20 years to enhance their properties naturally using the wisdom of traditional medicines. An extensive electronic search was performed across four databases to include published articles in the last 20 years and the search was concerned only with the English language publications. Publications that involved the use of plant extracts, and their active compounds for the green synthesis of nanoparticles and the modification of GIC and BAG were included up to May 2023. Plant extracts are a potential and effective candidate for modification of different properties of GIC and BAG, particularly their antimicrobial activities. Moreover, natural plant extracts have shown to be very effective in the green synthesis of metal ion nanoparticles in an ecological, and easy way with the additional advantage of a synergistic effect between metal ions and the phytotherapeutic agents. Medicinal plants are considered an abundant, cheap source of biologically active compounds and many of these phytotherapeutics have been the base for the development of new lead pharmaceuticals. Further research is required to assess the safety and the importance of regulation of phytotherapeutics to expand their use in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamia Singer
- Oral Technology, University Hospital Bonn, 53111, Bonn, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Bonn, 53111, Bonn, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
| | - Christoph Bourauel
- Oral Technology, University Hospital Bonn, 53111, Bonn, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
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Messer-Hannemann P, Böttcher H, Henning S, Schwendicke F, Effenberger S. Concept of a Novel Glass Ionomer Restorative Material with Improved Mechanical Properties. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:534. [PMID: 37998103 PMCID: PMC10672254 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14110534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to transfer the concept of ductile particle reinforcement to restorative dentistry and to introduce an innovative glass ionomer material that is based on the dispersion of PEG-PU micelles. It was hypothesized that reinforcing a conventional glass ionomer in this way increases the flexural strength and fracture toughness of the material. Flexural strength and fracture toughness tests were performed with the novel reinforced and a control glass ionomer material (DMG, Hamburg, Germany) to investigate the influence of the dispersed micelles on the mechanical performance. Transmission electron microscopy was used to identify the dispersed micelles. Fracture toughness and flexural strength were measured in a 3-point-bending setup using a universal testing machine. Before performing both tests, the specimens were stored in water at 37 °C for 23 h. The fracture toughness (MPa∙m0.5) of the novel glass ionomer material (median: 0.92, IQR: 0.89-0.94) was significantly higher than that of the control material (0.77, 0.75-0.86, p = 0.0078). Significant differences were also found in the flexural strength (MPa) between the reinforced (49.7, 45.2-57.8) and control material (41.8, 40.6-43.5, p = 0.0011). Reinforcing a conventional glass ionomer with PEG-PU micelles improved the mechanical properties and may expand clinical applicability of this material class in restorative dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Henrik Böttcher
- DMG Dental-Material Gesellschaft mbH, 22547 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sven Henning
- Fraunhofer Institute for Microstructure of Materials and Systems IMWS, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Falk Schwendicke
- Department of Oral Diagnostics, Digital Health and Health Services Research, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 14197 Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Effenberger
- DMG Dental-Material Gesellschaft mbH, 22547 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Oral Diagnostics, Digital Health and Health Services Research, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 14197 Berlin, Germany
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Sari F, Ugurlu M. Reinforcement of resin-modified glass-ionomer cement with glass fiber and graphene oxide. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 142:105850. [PMID: 37068435 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.105850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of adding glass fiber and graphene oxide to a resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC). METHODS Experimental RMGICs were prepared by adding separately and simultaneously glass fibers (5, 10, and 20 wt%) and graphene oxide (1, 3, and 5 wt%) to the powder of RMGIC with different ratios. The samples were examined under SEM and XRD. The surface roughness, flexural strength, Vickers microhardness, water sorption, and solubility were investigated. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey tests (p = 0.05). RESULTS Adding fiber and graphene oxide to RMCIS increased the surface roughness, flexural strength, and microhardness. The highest surface roughness value was obtained in the 20% fiber+5% graphene oxide adding group and the lowest in the control group (p < 0.05). The highest microhardness and flexural strength values were acquired in the 20% fiber-adding group and the lowest in the control group (p < 0.05). 10% and 20% fiber addition increased water sorption and solubility (p < 0.05). Adding 3%, 5% graphene oxide, and 20% fiber+5% graphene oxide reduced water sorption (p < 0.05). The highest water sorption was found in the 20% fiber-adding group and the lowest in the 5% graphene oxide and %20 fiber+5% graphene oxide-adding groups (p < 0.05). Graphene oxide alone and together with fiber did not affect the solubility (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION The results show that reinforcement of RMGIC with glass fiber and graphene oxide may improve the mechanical properties. But the glass fibers may cause more water sorption and solubility. Graphene oxide may decrease water sorption of RMGIC and fiber-reinforced RMGIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatmanur Sari
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Süleyman Demirel University, Turkey
| | - Muhittin Ugurlu
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Süleyman Demirel University, Turkey.
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Ozcan S, Nezir M, Topcuoglu E, Atilla AO, Yagci A. In Vitro evaluation of the bond strength of metal brackets adhered to different dental restorative materials using different orthodontic adhesives. Niger J Clin Pract 2023; 26:447-453. [PMID: 37203109 DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_479_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Background During orthodontic treatment, teeth with brackets may sometimes be restored with different restorative materials. In this case, the content of the orthodontic adhesive selected for bracket bonding may also be important. Aim This study compared the bond strength of metal orthodontic brackets adhered to different resin composite and glass ionomer cement (GIC) restoration surfaces with glass ionomer-based and resin-based orthodontic adhesives to determine the best orthodontic adhesive for use in restored teeth. Material and Methods This study prepared 80 discs. Four material groups of 20 discs were created: reinforced high-viscosity GIC, high-viscosity GIC, flowable bulk-fill resin composite, and nanohybrid resin composite. Specimens in each material group were divided into two subgroups that differed in the orthodontic adhesive used to bond the brackets to the prepared specimens. After 24 hours, the specimens were shear bond strength (SBS) tested at 1 mm/min using a universal tester. Results The SBS of glass ionomer-based orthodontic adhesive differed significantly between metal brackets adhered to different bases (P < 0.001). The highest SBSs were observed between metal brackets and high-viscosity glass ionomer restorations (6.79 ± 2.38). The highest SBSs observed with a resin-based orthodontic adhesive were between metal brackets adhered to nanohybrid resin composite restorations (8.84 ± 2.10; P = 0.030). Conclusions Glass ionomer-based orthodontic adhesive provided safer bond strength and demineralization prevention when applying metal brackets to teeth with glass ionomer restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ozcan
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - M Nezir
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - E Topcuoglu
- Department of Orthodontics, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - A O Atilla
- Department of Orthodontics, Cyprus International University, Nicosia, North, Cyprus
| | - A Yagci
- Department of Orthodontics, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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Amin F, Rahman S, Khurshid Z, Zafar MS, Sefat F, Kumar N. Effect of Nanostructures on the Properties of Glass Ionomer Dental Restoratives/Cements: A Comprehensive Narrative Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:6260. [PMID: 34771787 PMCID: PMC8584882 DOI: 10.3390/ma14216260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Overall perspective of nanotechnology and reinforcement of dental biomaterials by nanoparticles has been reported in the literature. However, the literature regarding the reinforcement of dental biomaterials after incorporating various nanostructures is sparse. The present review addresses current developments of glass ionomer cements (GICs) after incorporating various metallic, polymeric, inorganic and carbon-based nanostructures. In addition, types, applications, and implications of various nanostructures incorporated in GICs are discussed. Most of the attempts by researchers are based on the laboratory-based studies; hence, it warrants long-term clinical trials to aid the development of suitable materials for the load bearing posterior dentition. Nevertheless, a few meaningful conclusions are drawn from this substantial piece of work; they are as follows: (1) most of the nanostructures are likely to enhance the mechanical strength of GICs; (2) certain nanostructures improve the antibacterial activity of GICs against the cariogenic bacteria; (3) clinical translation of these promising outcomes are completely missing, and (4) the nanostructured modified GICs could perform better than their conventional counterparts in the load bearing posterior dentition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiza Amin
- Science of Dental Materials Department, Dow Dental College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi 74200, Pakistan;
| | - Sehrish Rahman
- Science of Dental Materials Department, Dr. Ishrat Ul Ebad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi 74200, Pakistan; (S.R.); (N.K.)
| | - Zohaib Khurshid
- Department of Prosthodontics and Dental Implantology, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Sohail Zafar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah, Al Munawwarah 41311, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Dental Materials, Islamic International Dental College, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Farshid Sefat
- Department of Biomedical and Electronics Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK;
| | - Naresh Kumar
- Science of Dental Materials Department, Dr. Ishrat Ul Ebad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi 74200, Pakistan; (S.R.); (N.K.)
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Zandi Karimi A, Rezabeigi E, Drew RAL. Aluminum-free glass ionomer cements containing 45S5 Bioglass ® and its bioglass-ceramic. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2021; 32:76. [PMID: 34156576 PMCID: PMC8219554 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-021-06553-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Although the incorporation of bioactive glasses into glass ionomer cements (GICs) has led to promising results, using a bioactive glass as the only solid component of GICs has never been investigated. In this study, we developed an Al-free GIC with standard compressive strength using various combinations of 45S5 Bioglass® and its glass-ceramic as the solid component. The glass-ceramic particles with 74% crystallinity were used for this purpose as they can best act as both remineralizing and reinforcing agents. Strengthening mechanisms including crack deflection and crack-tip shielding were activated for the GICs containing 50-50 wt% bioglass and bioglass-ceramic as the optimum ratio. The progression of the GIC setting reaction at its early stages was also monitored and verified. We also discussed that our bimodal particle size distribution containing both micron- and nanosized particles may enhance the packing density and integrity of the structure of the cements after setting. In such GICs produced in this study, the toxic effects of Al are avoided while chemical bonds are expected to form between the cement and the surrounding hard tissue(s) through interfacial biomineralization and adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Zandi Karimi
- Department of Mechanical, Industrial and Aerospace Engineering, Concordia University, Montréal, QC, H3G 1M8, Canada.
| | - Ehsan Rezabeigi
- Department of Mining and Materials Engineering, McGill University, Wong Building, 3610 Rue University, Montréal, QC, H3A 0C5, Canada
| | - Robin A L Drew
- Department of Mechanical, Industrial and Aerospace Engineering, Concordia University, Montréal, QC, H3G 1M8, Canada
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Sesame Oil ( Sesamum Indicum L.) as a New Challenge for Reinforcement of Conventional Glass Ionomer Cement, Could It Be? Int J Dent 2021; 2021:5516517. [PMID: 33824660 PMCID: PMC8007341 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5516517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Despite the advantages of glass ionomer cement (GIC) including chemical bonding to the tooth structure and fluoride release, its low-grade mechanical properties make it a topic for research. Accordingly, this study was conducted to assess the ability of sesame oil as a natural bioactive additive to reinforce conventional glass ionomer cement. Materials and Methods Sesame oil was blended into the liquid component of the cement in ratios of 3 and 5 (v/v%). One control and two experimental groups were enrolled in the study; I: unmodified GIC (control), II: 3 (v/v%) sesame oil-modified GICs, and III: 5(v/v%) sesame oil-modified GICs. Compressive strength, shear bond strength, diametral tensile strength, surface microhardness, surface roughness, and color stability were the parameters assessed. A representative specimen of each group was analyzed for its chemical structure by Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy. One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey test was used to analyze the collected data of all evaluated parameters except the color stability results, which were analyzed by Student t-test at p < 0.05. Results Three and 5 (v/v%) sesame oil-modified GICs exhibited significant increase in their compressive strength, shear bond strength, diametral strength, and surface microhardness. Concurrently, there was a significant decrease in surface roughness (p < 0.05) in both formulations of the modified cement. Both 3 and 5 (v/v%) sesame oil-modified GICs showed a clinically acceptable color change. Conclusions Sesame oil seems to be a promising natural bioactive product for reinforcement of conventional GIC with a clinically agreeable esthetic.
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Tanaka CB, Ershad F, Ellakwa A, Kruzic JJ. Fiber reinforcement of a resin modified glass ionomer cement. Dent Mater 2020; 36:1516-1523. [PMID: 33010942 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Understand how discontinuous short glass fibers and braided long fibers can be effectively used to reinforce a resin modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) for carious lesion restorations. METHODS Two control groups (powder/liquid kit and capsule) were prepared from a light cured RMGIC. Either discontinuous short glass fibers or braided polyethylene fiber ribbons were used as a reinforcement both with and without pre-impregnation with resin. For the former case, the matrix was the powder/liquid kit RMGIC, and for the latter case the matrix was the capsule form. Flexural strength was evaluated by three-point beam bending and fracture toughness was evaluated by the single-edge V-notch beam method. Compressive strength tests were performed on cylindrical samples. Results were compared by analysis of variances and Tukey's post-hoc test. Flexural strength data were analyzed using Weibull statistical analysis. RESULTS The short fiber reinforced RMGIC both with and without pre-impregnation showed a significant increase of ∼50% in the mean flexural strength and 160-220% higher fracture toughness compared with the powder/liquid RMGIC control. Reinforcement with continuous braided fibers gave more than a 150% increase in flexural strength, and pre-impregnation of the braided fibers with resin resulted in a significant flexural strength increase of more than 300% relative to the capsule control. However, for the short fiber reinforced RMGIC there was no significant benefit of resin pre-impregnation of the fibers. The Weibull modulus for the flexural strength approximately doubled for the fiber reinforced groups compared to the control groups. Finally, compressive strength was similar for all the groups tested. SIGNIFICANCE By using a RMGIC as a matrix, higher flexural strength was achieved compared to reported values for short fiber reinforced GICs. Additionally, the short fibers provided effective toughening of the RMGIC matrix by a fiber bridging mechanism. Finally, continuous braided polyethylene fibers gave much higher flexural strength than discontinuous glass fibers, and their effectiveness was enhanced by pre-impregnation of the fibers with resin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina B Tanaka
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Frances Ershad
- School of Dentistry, The University of Sydney, Westmead NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Ayman Ellakwa
- School of Dentistry, The University of Sydney, Westmead NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Jamie J Kruzic
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney NSW 2052, Australia.
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Siew Ching H, Thirumulu Ponnuraj K, Luddin N, Ab Rahman I, Nik Abdul Ghani NR. Early Odontogenic Differentiation of Dental Pulp Stem Cells Treated with Nanohydroxyapatite-Silica-Glass Ionomer Cement. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12092125. [PMID: 32957636 PMCID: PMC7569887 DOI: 10.3390/polym12092125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of nanohydroxyapatite–silica–glass ionomer cement (nanoHA–silica–GIC) on the differentiation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) into odontogenic lineage. DPSCs were cultured in complete Minimum Essential Medium Eagle—Alpha Modification (α-MEM) with or without nanoHA–silica–GIC extract and conventional glass ionomer cement (cGIC) extract. Odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs was evaluated by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT–PCR) for odontogenic markers: dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1), osteocalcin (OCN), osteopontin (OPN), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), collagen type I (COL1A1), and runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) on day 1, 7, 10, 14, and 21, which were normalized to the house keeping gene glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). Untreated DPSCs were used as a control throughout the study. The expressions of DSPP and DMP1 were higher on days 7 and 10, that of OCN on day 10, those of OPN and ALP on day 14, and that of RUNX2 on day 1; COL1A1 exhibited a time-dependent increase from day 7 to day 14. Despite the above time-dependent variations, the expressions were comparable at a concentration of 6.25 mg/mL between the nanoHA–silica–GIC and cGIC groups. This offers empirical support that nanoHA–silica–GIC plays a role in the odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hii Siew Ching
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (H.S.C.); (N.L.); (I.A.R.); (N.R.N.A.G.)
| | - Kannan Thirumulu Ponnuraj
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (H.S.C.); (N.L.); (I.A.R.); (N.R.N.A.G.)
- Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-97675847
| | - Norhayati Luddin
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (H.S.C.); (N.L.); (I.A.R.); (N.R.N.A.G.)
| | - Ismail Ab Rahman
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (H.S.C.); (N.L.); (I.A.R.); (N.R.N.A.G.)
| | - Nik Rozainah Nik Abdul Ghani
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (H.S.C.); (N.L.); (I.A.R.); (N.R.N.A.G.)
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Bilić-Prcić M, Rajić VB, Ivanišević A, Pilipović A, Gurgan S, Miletić I. Mechanical Properties of Glass Ionomer Cements after Incorporation of Marine Derived Porous Cuttlefish Bone Hydroxyapatite. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13163542. [PMID: 32796624 PMCID: PMC7475982 DOI: 10.3390/ma13163542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of the incorporation of hydroxyapatite (HA) derived from cuttlefish bone on the mechanical properties of glass ionomer cements (GIC). Fuji II LC and Fuji IX GP Extra (GC Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) were used in the study. There were four groups (n = 11–18) for each material: a group without the addition of HA particles and three groups modified by incorporation of 2, 5, and 10 wt% HA. The tests were performed on a universal testing machine (Shimadzu, Duisburg, Germany) and descriptive statistics, two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for the comparison of three mechanical properties, and one-way ANOVA for the comparison of different concentrations for each material were performed. Regarding the Fuji IX groups, compressive strength (CS) and flexural strength (FS) were highest in the group without HA particles added. The differences in CS between the Fuji IX group without HA particles and the Fuji IX groups with 2 wt% HA and 10 wt% HA were significant. The Fuji II 5 wt% HA group exhibited higher diametral tensile strength (DTS) and CS than other Fuji II groups, but not significantly. The Fuji II group, modified with 10 wt% HA, exhibited significantly higher FS than the Fuji II group without HA particles (p < 0.05). Porous HA incorporated into the Fuji IX groups had a significant impact on mechanical properties only in the Fuji IX 5 wt% HA group. Fuji II groups modified with 10 wt% HA showed the most favorable results with respect to FS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Bilić-Prcić
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Gundulićeva 5, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.B.-P.); (V.B.R.); (I.M.)
| | - Valentina Brzović Rajić
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Gundulićeva 5, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.B.-P.); (V.B.R.); (I.M.)
| | - Ana Ivanišević
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Gundulićeva 5, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.B.-P.); (V.B.R.); (I.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-1-4802-126
| | - Ana Pilipović
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, Lučićeva 5, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Sevil Gurgan
- School of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, Turkey;
| | - Ivana Miletić
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Gundulićeva 5, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.B.-P.); (V.B.R.); (I.M.)
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Nicholson JW, Sidhu SK, Czarnecka B. Enhancing the Mechanical Properties of Glass-Ionomer Dental Cements: A Review. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13112510. [PMID: 32486416 PMCID: PMC7321445 DOI: 10.3390/ma13112510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This paper reviews the strategies that have been reported in the literature to attempt to reinforce glass-ionomer dental cements, both conventional and resin-modified. These cements are widely used in current clinical practice, but their use is limited to regions where loading is not high. Reinforcement might extend these applications, particularly to the posterior dentition. A variety of strategies have been identified, including the use of fibres, nanoparticles, and larger particle additives. One problem revealed by the literature survey is the limited extent to which researchers have used International Standard test methods. This makes comparison of results very difficult. However, it does seem possible to draw conclusions from this substantial body of work and these are (1) that powders with conventional particle sizes do not reinforce glass-ionomer cements, (2) certain fibres and certain nanoparticles give distinct improvements in strength, and (3) in the case of the nanoparticles these improvements are associated with differences in the morphology of the cement matrix, in particular, a reduction in the porosity. Despite these improvements, none of the developments has yet been translated into clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W. Nicholson
- Dental Materials Unit, Bart’s and the London Institute of Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
- Bluefield Centre for Biomaterials, 67-68 Hatton Garden, London EC1N 8JY, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Sharanbir K. Sidhu
- Centre for Oral Bioengineering, Institute of Dentistry, Bart’s & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Turner Street, London E1 2AD, UK;
| | - Beata Czarnecka
- Department of Biomaterials and Experimental Dentistry, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, ul. Bukowska 70, 60-812 Poznań, Poland;
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Garoushi S, He J, Obradovic J, Fardim P, Vallittu PK, Lassila L. Incorporation of cellulose fiber in glass ionomer cement. Eur J Oral Sci 2020; 128:81-88. [DOI: 10.1111/eos.12668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sufyan Garoushi
- Department of Biomaterials Science Turku Clinical Biomaterials Center – TCBC Institute of Dentistry University of Turku Turku Finland
| | - Jingwei He
- Department of Biomaterials Science Turku Clinical Biomaterials Center – TCBC Institute of Dentistry University of Turku Turku Finland
- College of Materials Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | - Jasmina Obradovic
- Department of Fibre and Cellulose Technology Åbo Akademi Turku Finland
| | - Pedro Fardim
- Department of Fibre and Cellulose Technology Åbo Akademi Turku Finland
- Department of Chemical Engineering KU Leuven Belgium
| | - Pekka K. Vallittu
- Department of Biomaterials Science Turku Clinical Biomaterials Center – TCBC Institute of Dentistry University of Turku Turku Finland
- City of Turku Welfare Division Oral Health Care Turku Finland
| | - Lippo Lassila
- Department of Biomaterials Science Turku Clinical Biomaterials Center – TCBC Institute of Dentistry University of Turku Turku Finland
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Moheet IA, Luddin N, Rahman IA, Kannan TP, Nik Abd Ghani NR, Masudi SM. Modifications of Glass Ionomer Cement Powder by Addition of Recently Fabricated Nano-Fillers and Their Effect on the Properties: A Review. Eur J Dent 2019; 13:470-477. [PMID: 31280484 PMCID: PMC6890502 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1693524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this article is to provide a brief insight regarding the recent studies and their recommendations related to the modifications to glass ionomer cement (GIC) powder in order to improve their properties. An electronic search of publications was made from the year 2000 to 2018. The databases included in the current study were EBSCOhost, PubMed, and ScienceDirect. The inclusion criteria for the current study include publication with abstract or full-text articles, original research, reviews or systematic reviews, in vitro, and in vivo studies that were written in English language. Among these only articles published in peer-reviewed journals were included. Articles published in other languages, with no available abstract and related to other nondentistry fields, were excluded. A detailed review of the recent materials used as a filler phase in GIC powder has revealed that not all modifications produce beneficial results. Recent work has demonstrated that modification of GIC powder with nano-particles has many beneficial effects on the properties of the material. This is due to the increase in surface area and surface energy, along with better particle distribution of the nano-particle. Therefore, more focus should be given on nano-particle having greater chemical affinity for GIC matrix as well as the tooth structure that will enhance the physicochemical properties of GIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Alam Moheet
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Norhayati Luddin
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Ismail Ab Rahman
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Saman Malik Masudi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Lincoln University College, Selangor, Malaysia
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Menezes-Silva R, Cabral RN, Pascotto RC, Borges AFS, Martins CC, Navarro MFDL, Sidhu SK, Leal SC. Mechanical and optical properties of conventional restorative glass-ionomer cements - a systematic review. J Appl Oral Sci 2019; 27:e2018357. [PMID: 30810640 PMCID: PMC6382318 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2018-0357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To perform a systematic review of test methodologies on conventional restorative glass-ionomer cement (GIC) materials for mechanical and optical properties to compare the results between different GICs. Material and Methods Screening of titles and abstracts, data extraction, and quality assessments of full-texts were conducted in search for in vitro studies on conventional GICs that follow the relevant specifications of ISO standards regarding the following mechanical and optical properties: compressive strength, flexural strength, color, opacity and radiopacity. Sources The Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences (LILACS), Brazilian Bibliography of Dentistry (BBO) databases from Latin-American and Caribbean System on Health Sciences Information (BIREME) and PubMed/Medline (US National Library of Medicine - National Institutes of Health) databases were searched regardless of language. Altogether, 1146 in vitro studies were selected. Two reviewers independently selected and assessed the articles according to pre-established inclusion/exclusion criteria. Among all the properties investigated, only one study was classified as being of fair quality that tested compressive strength and was included. It was observed that many authors had not strictly followed ISO recommendations and that, for some properties (diametral tensile strength and microhardness), there are no guidelines provided. Conclusions It was not possible to compare the results for the mechanical and optical properties of conventional restorative GICs due to the lack of standardization of studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Menezes-Silva
- Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Dentística, Endodontia e Materiais Odontológicos, Bauru, SP, Brasil
| | | | | | - Ana Flávia Sanches Borges
- Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Dentística, Endodontia e Materiais Odontológicos, Bauru, SP, Brasil
| | - Carolina Castro Martins
- Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Departamento de Odontopediatria e Ortodontia, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Maria Fidela de Lima Navarro
- Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Dentística, Endodontia e Materiais Odontológicos, Bauru, SP, Brasil
| | - Sharanbir K Sidhu
- Queen Mary University of London, Institute of Dentistry, London, United Kingdom
| | - Soraya Coelho Leal
- Universidade de Brasília, Departamento de Odontologia, Brasília, DF, Brasil
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Menezes-Silva R, de Oliveira BMB, Fernandes PHM, Shimohara LY, Pereira FV, Borges AFS, Buzalaf MAR, Pascotto RC, Sidhu SK, de Lima Navarro MF. Effects of the reinforced cellulose nanocrystals on glass-ionomer cements. Dent Mater 2019; 35:564-573. [PMID: 30711272 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Glass-ionomer cements (GICs) modified with cellulose nanocrystals (CNs) were characterized and evaluated for compressive strength (CS), diametral tensile strength (DTS) and fluoride release (F-). METHODS Commercially available GICs (Maxxion, Vidrion R, Vitro Molar, Ketac Molar Easy Mix and Fuji Gold Label 9) were reinforced with CNs (0.2% by weight). The microstructure of CNs and of CN-modified GICs were evaluated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) while chemical characterization was by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Ten specimens each of the unmodified (control) and CN-modified materials (test materials) were prepared for CS and DTS testing. For the fluoride release evaluation, separate specimens (n=10) of each test and control material were made. The results obtained were submitted to the t-test (p<0.05). RESULTS The CN reinforcement significantly improved the mechanical properties and significantly increased the F- release of all GICs (p<0.05). The GICs with CNs showed a fibrillar aggregate of nanoparticles interspersed in the matrix. The compounds with CNs showed a higher amount of C compared to the controls due to the organic nature of the CNs. It was not possible to identify by FTIR any chemical bond difference in the compounds formed when nanofibers were inserted in the GICs. SIGNIFICANCE Modification of GICs with CNs appears to produce promising restorative materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Menezes-Silva
- Department of Dental Materials, Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, Bauru School of Dentistry-FOB-USP, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, 17012-901, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Paulo Henrique Martins Fernandes
- Department of Dental Materials, Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, Bauru School of Dentistry-FOB-USP, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, 17012-901, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Lívia Yukari Shimohara
- Department of Dental Materials, Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, Bauru School of Dentistry-FOB-USP, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, 17012-901, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Vargas Pereira
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Flávia Sanches Borges
- Department of Dental Materials, Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, Bauru School of Dentistry-FOB-USP, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, 17012-901, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Marília Afonso Rabelo Buzalaf
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry-FOB-USP, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, 17012-901, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Renata Corrêa Pascotto
- Department of Dentistry, State University of Maringa, Av. Mandacaru, 1550, 87080-000, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Sharanbir K Sidhu
- Institute of Dentistry, Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Turner Street, London, E1 2AD, UK
| | - Maria Fidela de Lima Navarro
- Department of Dental Materials, Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, Bauru School of Dentistry-FOB-USP, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, 17012-901, Bauru, SP, Brazil
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17
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Ching HS, Luddin N, Kannan TP, Ab Rahman I, Abdul Ghani NRN. Modification of glass ionomer cements on their physical-mechanical and antimicrobial properties. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2018; 30:557-571. [PMID: 30394667 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this review was to provide an insight about the factors affecting the properties of glass ionomer cements and provides a review regarding studies that are related to modification of glass ionomer cements to improve their properties, particularly on physical-mechanical and antimicrobial activity. METHODS PubMed and Science Direct were searched for papers published between the years 1974 and 2018. The search was restricted to articles written in English related to modification of glass ionomer cements. Only articles published in peer-reviewed journals were included. The search included literature reviews, in vitro, and in vivo studies. Articles written in other languages, without available abstracts and those related to other field were excluded. About 198 peer-review articles in the English language were reviewed. CONCLUSION Based on the finding, most of the modification has improved physical-mechanical properties of glass ionomer cements. Recently, researchers have attempted to improve their antimicrobial properties. However, the attempts were reported to compromise the physical-mechanical properties of modified glass ionomer cements. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE As the modification of glass ionomer cement with different material improved the physical-mechanical and antimicrobial properties, it could be used as restorative material for wider application in dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hii S Ching
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Norhayati Luddin
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Thirumulu P Kannan
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.,Human Genome Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Ismail Ab Rahman
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nik R N Abdul Ghani
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Garoushi SK, He J, Vallittu PK, Lassila LVJ. Effect of discontinuous glass fibers on mechanical properties of glass ionomer cement. ACTA BIOMATERIALIA ODONTOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA 2018; 4:72-80. [PMID: 30083578 PMCID: PMC6070992 DOI: 10.1080/23337931.2018.1491798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Aim: This study investigated the reinforcing effect of discontinuous glass microfibers with various loading fractions on selected mechanical properties of self-cure glass ionomer cement (GIC). Method: Experimental fiber reinforced GIC (Exp-GIC) was prepared by adding discontinuous glass microfiber (silane/non-silane treated) of 200–300 µm in length to the powder of self-cure GIC (GC Fuji IX) with various mass ratios (15, 20, 25, 35, and 45 mass%) using a high speed mixing device. Flexural strength, flexural modulus, work of fracture, compressive strength and diametral tensile strength were determined for each experimental and control materials. The specimens (n = 8) were wet stored (37 °C for one day) before testing. Scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive spectrometer was used to analysis the surface of silanized or non-silanized fibers after treated with cement liquid. The results were analyzed with using multivariate analysis of variance MANOVA. Results: Fiber-reinforced GIC (25 mass%) had significantly higher mechanical performance of flexural modulus (3.8 GPa), flexural strength (48 MPa), and diametral tensile strength (18 MPa) (p < .05) compared to unreinforced material (0.9 GPa, 26 MPa and 8 MPa). No statistical significant difference in tested mechanical properties was recorded between silanized and non-silanized Exp-GIC groups. Compressive strength did not show any significant differences (p > .05) between the fiber-reinforced and unreinforced GIC. Conclusion: The use of discontinuous glass microfibers with self-cure GIC matrix considerably increased the all of the studied properties except compressive strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sufyan K Garoushi
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterials Center-TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jingwei He
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterials Center-TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pekka K Vallittu
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterials Center-TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,City of Turku Welfare Division, Oral Health Care, Turku, Finland
| | - Lippo V J Lassila
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterials Center-TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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GAROUSHI S, VALLITTU PK, LASSILA L. Reinforcing effect of discontinuous microglass fibers on resin-modified glass ionomer cement. Dent Mater J 2018; 37:484-492. [DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2017-234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sufyan GAROUSHI
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterials Center —TCBC Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku
| | - Pekka K. VALLITTU
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterials Center —TCBC Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku
- City of Turku Welfare Division, Oral Health Care
| | - Lippo LASSILA
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterials Center —TCBC Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku
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Garoushi S, Vallittu P, Lassila L. Hollow glass fibers in reinforcing glass ionomer cements. Dent Mater 2016; 33:e86-e93. [PMID: 27836115 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the reinforcing effect of hollow and solid discontinuous glass fiber fillers with two different loading fractions on select mechanical properties of conventional and resin modified glass ionomer cements (GICs). METHODS Experimental fiber reinforced GIC was prepared by adding discontinuous glass fiber (hollow/solid) of 0.5mm in length to the powder of commercial GICs (GC Fuji IX and II LC) with two different weight ratios (5 and 10wt%) using a high speed mixing machine. Fracture toughness, work of fracture, flexural strength, flexural modulus, compressive strength and diametral tensile strength were determined for each experimental and control material. The specimens (n=7) were wet stored (37°C for one day) before testing. Scanning electron microscopy was used to evaluate the microstructure of the experimental fiber reinforced GICs. Fiber length analysis was carried out to investigate the fiber length distribution of experimental GICs. The results were analyzed statistically using ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test. Level of significance was set at 0.05. RESULTS An increase in fracture toughness (280 and 200%) and flexural strength (170 and 140%) of hollow discontinuous glass fiber reinforced (10wt%) conventional and resin modified GICs respectively, were achieved compared to unreinforced materials (p<0.05). Compressive strength did not show any significant differences (p>0.05) between the fiber reinforced and unreinforced GICs. SIGNIFICANCE The use of hollow discontinuous glass fiber fillers with conventional and resin modified GIC matrix is a novel reinforcement. It yielded superior toughening and flexural performance compared to the particulate GICs used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sufyan Garoushi
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterials Center - TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | - Pekka Vallittu
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterials Center - TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; City of Turku Welfare Division, Oral Health Care, Turku, Finland
| | - Lippo Lassila
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterials Center - TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Najeeb S, Khurshid Z, Zafar MS, Khan AS, Zohaib S, Martí JMN, Sauro S, Matinlinna JP, Rehman IU. Modifications in Glass Ionomer Cements: Nano-Sized Fillers and Bioactive Nanoceramics. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17071134. [PMID: 27428956 PMCID: PMC4964507 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17071134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Glass ionomer cements (GICs) are being used for a wide range of applications in dentistry. In order to overcome the poor mechanical properties of glass ionomers, several modifications have been introduced to the conventional GICs. Nanotechnology involves the use of systems, modifications or materials the size of which is in the range of 1–100 nm. Nano-modification of conventional GICs and resin modified GICs (RMGICs) can be achieved by incorporation of nano-sized fillers to RMGICs, reducing the size of the glass particles, and introducing nano-sized bioceramics to the glass powder. Studies suggest that the commercially available nano-filled RMGIC does not hold any significant advantage over conventional RMGICs as far as the mechanical and bonding properties are concerned. Conversely, incorporation of nano-sized apatite crystals not only increases the mechanical properties of conventional GICs, but also can enhance fluoride release and bioactivity. By increasing the crystallinity of the set matrix, apatites can make the set cement chemically more stable, insoluble, and improve the bond strength with tooth structure. Increased fluoride release can also reduce and arrest secondary caries. However, due to a lack of long-term clinical studies, the use of nano-modified glass ionomers is still limited in daily clinical dentistry. In addition to the in vitro and in vivo studies, more randomized clinical trials are required to justify the use of these promising materials. The aim of this paper is to review the modification performed in GIC-based materials to improve their physicochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shariq Najeeb
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Al-Farabi Colleges, P.O Box 361724, Riyadh 11313, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Zohaib Khurshid
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Al-Hofuf 31982, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Muhammad Sohail Zafar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Madina Munawwarrah 41311, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdul Samad Khan
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Defence Road, off Raiwind Road, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Sana Zohaib
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Faisal University, Al-Hofuf 31982, Saudia Arabia.
| | - Juan Manuel Nuñez Martí
- Preventive and Minimally Invasive Dentistry (Spanish Course), Departamento de Odontología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad CEU-Cardenal Herrera, Valencia 46115, Spain.
| | - Salvatore Sauro
- Dental Biomaterials, Preventive and Minimally Invasive Dentistry (Bilingual course), Departamento de Odontología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad CEU-Cardenal Herrera, Valencia 46115, Spain.
| | - Jukka Pekka Matinlinna
- The University of Hong Kong, Faculty of Dentistry, Dental Materials Science, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Ihtesham Ur Rehman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Kroto Research Institute, The University of Sheffield, North Campus, Broad Lane, Sheffield S3 7HQ, UK.
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Kim DA, Abo-Mosallam H, Lee HY, Lee JH, Kim HW, Lee HH. Biological and mechanical properties of an experimental glass-ionomer cement modified by partial replacement of CaO with MgO or ZnO. J Appl Oral Sci 2016; 23:369-75. [PMID: 26398508 PMCID: PMC4560496 DOI: 10.1590/1678-775720150035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Some weaknesses of conventional glass ionomer cement (GIC) as dental materials, for instance the lack of bioactive potential and poor mechanical properties, remain unsolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Ae Kim
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, KR
| | - Hany Abo-Mosallam
- Glass Research Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, EG
| | - Hye-Young Lee
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, KR
| | - Jung-Hwan Lee
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, KR
| | - Hae-Won Kim
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, KR
| | - Hae-Hyoung Lee
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, KR
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Baig MS, Fleming GJP. Conventional glass-ionomer materials: A review of the developments in glass powder, polyacid liquid and the strategies of reinforcement. J Dent 2015; 43:897-912. [PMID: 25882584 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The development of glass-ionomers (GIs) from the earliest experimental GI formulations to the modern day commercially available GIs was reviewed. The aim of the review was to identify the developments in the glass powder and polyacid liquid constituents of GIs since their inception in the late 1960s. DATA The glass powder has undergone major changes from the earliest GI powder formulation (G200) in an effort to enhance the reactivity with the polyacid liquid. The GI liquids have also been optimised by the manufacturers in terms of polyacid composition, molecular weight and concentration to improve the handling characteristics. Despite these developments in the glass powder and polyacid liquid constituents, GIs cannot 'truly' be advocated for the restoration of posterior dentition due to the poor mechanical properties when compared with dental amalgam and resin-based composites (RBCs). SOURCES Various attempts to improve the mechanical properties of GIs through substitution of reinforcing fillers to the GI powder or modification of the GI liquid were identified in the dental literature. Despite the claimed improvements in mechanical properties of the modified GIs, a wide variation in mixing and testing conditions was identified which prevented a valid assessment of the reported reinforcement strategies. When investigating a GI reinforcement strategy it is crucial that the mixing and testing conditions are standardised to allow a valid comparison between studies. STUDY SELECTION The dental literature reporting the earliest experimental GIs to modern day commercially available GIs (1969-2015) was reviewed. In addition, full-text publications and abstracts published in English reporting various GI reinforcement strategies were included. CONCLUSION Nevertheless, major improvements in GI formulations through a reinforcement strategy have yet to be made to enable clinical usage of GIs for the restoration of posterior dentition. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE GIs chemically are inherently weak but bond to sound tooth structure without the need for preconditioning or removal of sound tooth structure such that improvements in the mechanical properties of GIs would be desirable. Although advances have been made through different GI glass powder and polyacid liquid formulations over the past 40 years, further improvements in the mechanical properties of the current GIs are required to be indicated for the restoration of posterior dentition. The literature is replete with reports on GI reinforcement, however, improved reporting and control of mixing and testing conditions are required for a valid assessment of the reinforcement strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirza Shahzad Baig
- Materials Science Unit, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Garry J P Fleming
- Materials Science Unit, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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Furtos G, Tomoaia-Cotisel M, Prejmerean C. Resin Composites Reinforced by Glass Fibers with Potential Biomedical Applications. Structure and Mechanical Properties. PARTICULATE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/02726351.2012.736458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Furtos G, Tomoaia-Cotisel M, Baldea B, Prejmerean C. Development and characterization of new AR glass fiber-reinforced cements with potential medical applications. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.38508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Moshaverinia A, Roohpour N, Chee WWL, Schricker SR. A review of powder modifications in conventional glass-ionomer dental cements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0jm02309d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Dental Glass Ionomer Cements as Permanent Filling Materials? – Properties, Limitations and Future Trends. MATERIALS 2009. [PMCID: PMC5510173 DOI: 10.3390/ma3010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Glass ionomer cements (GICs) are clinically attractive dental materials that have certain unique properties that make them useful as restorative and luting materials. This includes adhesion to moist tooth structures and base metals, anticariogenic properties due to release of fluoride, thermal compatibility with tooth enamel, biocompatibility and low toxicity. The use of GICs in a mechanically loaded situation, however, has been hampered by their low mechanical performance. Poor mechanical properties, such as low fracture strength, toughness and wear, limit their extensive use in dentistry as a filling material in stress-bearing applications. In the posterior dental region, glass ionomer cements are mostly used as a temporary filling material. The requirement to strengthen those cements has lead to an ever increasing research effort into reinforcement or strengthening concepts.
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Wang Y, Darvell B. Hertzian load-bearing capacity of a ceramic-reinforced glass ionomer cement stored wet and dry. Dent Mater 2009; 25:952-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2009.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2008] [Revised: 11/11/2008] [Accepted: 02/12/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Hammouda IM. Reinforcement of conventional glass-ionomer restorative material with short glass fibers. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2009; 2:73-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2008.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2008] [Revised: 04/04/2008] [Accepted: 04/10/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Failure behavior of glass ionomer cement under Hertzian indentation. Dent Mater 2008; 24:1223-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2008.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2006] [Revised: 06/27/2007] [Accepted: 02/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Lohbauer U, Frankenberger R, Clare A, Petschelt A, Greil P. Toughening of dental glass ionomer cements with reactive glass fibres. Biomaterials 2005; 25:5217-25. [PMID: 15110473 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2003.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2003] [Accepted: 12/07/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A fibre reinforced glass ionomer cement (FRGIC) for dental applications was loaded with 20 vol% short fibres (430 microm) with a glass composition in the system SiO(2)-Al(2)O(3)-CaF(2)-Na(3)AlF(6). The fracture toughness and the total energy release rate were examined. A 20% anisotropic fibre alignment was observed, perpendicular to the loading direction. An increase of fracture toughness of 140% and of total energy release rate of 440% was achieved compared to the unreinforced glass ionomer cement. Matrix-fibre interface reaction is supposed to exert the major influence on mechanical behaviour of FRGIC by controlling fibre pull-out and thus the total energy release rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Lohbauer
- Policlinic for Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University of Erlangen, Glueckstrasse 11, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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Gu YW, Yap AUJ, Cheang P, Kumar R. Spheroidization of glass powders for glass ionomer cements. Biomaterials 2004; 25:4029-35. [PMID: 15046893 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2003.10.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2003] [Accepted: 10/24/2003] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Commercial angular glass powders were spheroidized using both the flame spraying and inductively coupled radio frequency plasma spraying techniques. Spherical powders with different particle size distributions were obtained after spheroidization. The effects of spherical glass powders on the mechanical properties of glass ionomer cements (GICs) were investigated. Results showed that the particle size distribution of the glass powders had a significant influence on the mechanical properties of GICs. Powders with a bimodal particle size distribution ensured a high packing density of glass ionomer cements, giving relatively high mechanical properties of GICs. GICs prepared by flame-spheroidized powders showed low strength values due to the loss of fine particles during flame spraying, leading to a low packing density and few metal ions reacting with polyacrylic acid to form cross-linking. GICs prepared by the nano-sized powders showed low strength because of the low bulk density of the nano-sized powders and hence low powder/liquid ratio of GICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y W Gu
- School of Materials Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
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