1
|
Tewari AB, Saini A, Sharma D. Extirpating the cancer stem cell hydra: Differentiation therapy and Hyperthermia therapy for targeting the cancer stem cell hierarchy. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:3125-3145. [PMID: 37093450 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01066-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Ever since the discovery of cancer stem cells (CSCs), they have progressively attracted more attention as a therapeutic target. Like the mythical hydra, this subpopulation of cells seems to contribute to cancer immortality, spawning more cells each time that some components of the cancer cell hierarchy are destroyed. Traditional modalities focusing on cancer treatment have emphasized apoptosis as a route to eliminate the tumor burden. A major problem is that cancer cells are often in varying degrees of dedifferentiation contributing to what is known as the CSCs hierarchy and cells which are known to be resistant to conventional therapy. Differentiation therapy is an experimental therapeutic modality aimed at the conversion of malignant phenotype to a more benign one. Hyperthermia therapy (HT) is a modality exploiting the changes induced in cells by the application of heat produced to aid in cancer therapy. While differentiation therapy has been successfully employed in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia, it has not been hugely successful for other cancer types. Mounting evidence suggests that hyperthermia therapy may greatly augment the effects of differentiation therapy while simultaneously overcoming many of the hard-to-treat facets of recurrent tumors. This review summarizes the progress made so far in integrating hyperthermia therapy with existing modules of differentiation therapy. The focus is on studies related to the successful application of both hyperthermia and differentiation therapy when used alone or in conjunction for hard-to-treat cancer cell niche with emphasis on combined approaches to target the CSCs hierarchy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amit B Tewari
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Knowledge City, Sector 81, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Anamika Saini
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Knowledge City, Sector 81, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Deepika Sharma
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Knowledge City, Sector 81, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang L, Deng Y, Duan D, Sun S, Ge L, Zhuo Y, Yuan T, Wu P, Wang H, Lu M, Xia Y. Hyperthermia influences fate determination of neural stem cells with lncRNAs alterations in the early differentiation. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171359. [PMID: 28234910 PMCID: PMC5325184 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Temperature is an important parameter in the microenvironment of neural stem cells (NSCs); however, little is known about the precise effects of hyperthermia on fate determination in NSCs or the role of long non-coding (lnc)RNAs in this process. This was addressed in the present study using NSCs cultured at two different temperatures. Methods NSCs were divided into 37NSC and 40NSC groups that were cultured at 37°C or 40°C, respectively, for 72 h. Neuronal or glial cell differentiation was evaluated by flow cytometry and western blotting. LncRNA expression was detected by quantitative real-time PCR. Results The numbers of cells positive for the neuronal marker Tuj-1 and the glial cell marker glial fibrillary acidic protein were higher in the 40NSC than in the 37NSC group. The two groups also showed distinct lncRNA expression profiles. Conclusion Hyperthermia promotes neuronal and glial differentiation in NSCs, which involves specific lncRNAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Xiangya School of Central South University, Haikou, Hsinan, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (PLA 163 Hospital), Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yujia Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (PLA 163 Hospital), Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Da Duan
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (PLA 163 Hospital), Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shuaiqi Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Xiangya School of Central South University, Haikou, Hsinan, China
| | - Lite Ge
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (PLA 163 Hospital), Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yi Zhuo
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (PLA 163 Hospital), Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ting Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (PLA 163 Hospital), Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Pei Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (PLA 163 Hospital), Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (PLA 163 Hospital), Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ming Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (PLA 163 Hospital), Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- * E-mail: (YX); (ML)
| | - Ying Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Xiangya School of Central South University, Haikou, Hsinan, China
- * E-mail: (YX); (ML)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Differential sensitivity of telomerase from human hematopoietic stem cells and leukemic cell lines to mild hyperthermia. Cell Biochem Biophys 2014; 69:681-91. [PMID: 24590263 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-014-9853-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the effects of hyperthermia (HT) on cell proliferation and telomerase activity of human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and compared with human leukemic cell lines (TF-1, K562 and HL-60). The cells were exposed to HT at 42 and 43 °C up to 120 min. The cells were incubated at 37 °C for 96 h. Then the cells were collected and assayed for cell proliferation, viability, telomerase activity, and terminal restriction fragment (TRF) lengths. The enzyme activity from HSCs was decreased up to 68.6 at 42 and 85.1 % at 43 °C for 120 min. This inhibition in leukemic cells was up to 28.9 and 53.6 % in TF-1; 53 and 63.9 % in K562; 45.2 and 61.1 % in HL-60 cells. The treated cells showed TRF lengths about 5.3 kb for control HL-60 cells, 5.0 kb for HL-60 cells treated at 42 and 4.5 kb at 43 °C for 120 min. In HSCs, the TRF length was about 4.5 kb for untreated cells and 4.0-4.5 kb for treated cells at 42 and 43 °C for 120 min. The time response curves indicated that, inhibition of the enzyme activity in leukemic cells was dependent to the time of exposure to HT. But in HSCs, the inhibition was reached to steady state at 15 min exposure to 43 °C heat stress. TRF length was constant at treated two types of cells, which implies that in cells subjected to mild HT no telomere shortening was observed.
Collapse
|
4
|
Deezagi A, Manteghi S, Khosravani P, Vaseli-Hagh N, Soheili ZS. Induced apoptosis by mild hyperthermia occurs via telomerase inhibition on the three human myeloid leukemia cell lines: TF-1, K562, and HL-60. Leuk Lymphoma 2011; 50:1519-27. [PMID: 19672770 DOI: 10.1080/10428190903129130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to understand the effect of hyperthermia on the telomerase activity in human leukemic cell lines (HL-60, K562, and TF-1). The cells were treated by hyperthermia at the range of 41-44 degrees C for 120 min and incubated for 96 h. Then telomerase activity, cell proliferation, and apoptosis were assessed. The results indicated that hyperthermia significantly induced apoptosis on the cells. The cells exhibited pre-apoptotic pattern at 41 and 42 degrees C at 60-120 min and apoptotic pattern at 43 and 44 degrees C over 30 min after hyperthermia. Telomerase activity (that was assayed immediately after hyperthermia) was stable at 41-42 degrees C for 60 min but decreased to 35-40% at 120 min. However, at severe hyperthermia (43-44 degrees C) telomerase activity was decreased in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Following hyperthermia (41-44 degrees C up to 120 min), the cells were incubated for 96 h. In these conditions, the telomerase activity was decreased by about 60-80% in comparison with that untreated control cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdolkhaleg Deezagi
- Department of Biochemistry, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nowak D, Stewart D, Koeffler HP. Differentiation therapy of leukemia: 3 decades of development. Blood 2009; 113:3655-65. [PMID: 19221035 PMCID: PMC2943835 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2009-01-198911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2009] [Accepted: 02/09/2009] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A characteristic feature of leukemia cells is a blockade of differentiation at a distinct stage in cellular maturation. In the 1970s and 1980s, studies demonstrating the capabilities of certain chemicals to induce differentiation of hematopoietic cell lines fostered the concept of treating leukemia by forcing malignant cells to undergo terminal differentiation instead of killing them through cytotoxicity. The first promising reports on this notion prompted a review article on this subject by us 25 years ago. In this review, we revisit this interesting field of study and report the progress achieved in the course of nearly 3 decades. The best proof of principle for differentiation therapy has been the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia with all-trans retinoic acid. Attempts to emulate this success with other nuclear hormone ligands such as vitamin D compounds and PPARgamma agonists or different classes of substances such as hematopoietic cytokines or compounds affecting the epigenetic landscape have not been successful on a broad scale. However, a multitude of studies demonstrating partial progress and improvements and, finally, the new powerful possibilities of forward and reverse engineering of differentiation pathways by manipulation of transcription factors support the continued enthusiasm for differentiation therapy of leukemia in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Nowak
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) School of Medicine, CA 90048, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sharif-Khatibi L, Kariminia A, Khoei S, Goliaei B. Hyperthermia induces differentiation without apoptosis in permissive temperatures in human erythroleukaemia cells. Int J Hyperthermia 2008; 23:645-55. [PMID: 18097851 DOI: 10.1080/02656730701769833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to investigate whether induction of differentiation by hyperthermia is accompanied by apoptosis and necrosis to further evaluate the benefits of using hyperthermia as a differentiation inducing physical modality. MATERIALS AND METHOD Differentiation was evaluated in K562 erythroleukaemia cells by measuring haemoglobin synthesis and flow cytometric measurement of glycophorin A expression. Apoptosis was measured by Annexin-V-FITC and Propidium Iodide (PI) double staining assay. Apoptosis and necrosis was also evaluated morphologically using staining with acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EtBr) by fluorescence microscopy. Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) level was measured by ELISA kit. RESULTS Hyperthermia (43 degrees C) induced differentiation as judged by increased haemoglobin synthesis and glycophorin A expression. No sign of apoptosis or necrosis could be detected at this temperature. Cell viability did not change due to heat treatment, and cellular proliferation was reduced in a dose (heating time) dependent manner. At 45 degrees C, hyperthermia induced apoptosis and necrosis with minimal or no sign of differentiation. HSP70 level was significantly increased at 43 degrees C along with differentiation of leukaemic cells, while at 45 degrees C no significant effect on HSP70 production could be observed. CONCLUSIONS The encouraging results obtained here indicate that by heat treatment at 43 degrees C, hyperthermia can be used alone or in combination with other modalities as a differentiation inducing agent without any detectable apoptotic activity. Positive correlation between HSP70 production and induction of differentiation and lack of apoptosis by hyperthermia confirm the possible role of HSP70 in the heat-induced differentiation and apoptosis in leukaemic cells.
Collapse
|
7
|
Leung KN, Mak NK, Fung MC. Cytokines in the differentiation therapy of leukemia: from laboratory investigations to clinical applications. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2006; 42:473-514. [PMID: 16390682 DOI: 10.1080/10408360500295154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Differentiation therapy of leukemia is the treatment of leukemia cells with biological or chemical agents that induce the terminal differentiation of the cancer cells. It is regarded as a novel and targeted approach to leukemia treatment, based on our better understanding of the hematopoietic process and the mechanisms of its deregulation during leukemogenesis. Clinically, differentiation therapy has been most successful in acute promyelocytic leukemia using all-trans-retinoic acid as the inducer, either alone or in combination with chemotherapy. This review presents evidence that a number of hematopoietic cytokines play important roles in both normal and aberrant hematopoietic processes. In vitro laboratory investigations in the past two decades using well-characterized myeloid leukemic cell lines and primary blast cells from leukemia patients have revealed that many hematopoietic cytokines can trigger lineage-specific differentiation of leukemia cells, which may have important implications in the clinical setting. Moreover, our current understanding of cytokine interactions and the molecular mechanisms of cytokine-induced leukemic cell differentiation will be discussed in the light of recent findings. Finally, ways in which laboratory research on cytokines in the differentiation therapy of leukemia can lead to the improved design of protocols for future clinical applications to leukemia therapy will also be addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K N Leung
- Department of Biochemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Goliaei B, Rafiei M, Soheili Z. Effects of hyperthermia on the differentiation and growth of K562 erythroleukemic cell line. Leuk Res 2004; 28:1323-8. [PMID: 15475074 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2004.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2004] [Accepted: 04/26/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Several agents are known to induce differentiation in the human erythroleukemic cell line K562. In this work we have studied the ability of hyperthermia to induce differentiation in the K562 cell line. K562 cells were treated with hyperthermia in the range of 41-45 degrees C. Cell proliferation and the plating efficiency of heat treated cells along with their hemoglobin synthesis was measured and compared with controls. Hyperthermia severely inhibited the growth of K562 cells in the suspension culture in a time- and temperature-dependent manner. Sixty minutes of heating and 44 and 40 min of heating at 45 degrees C totally inhibited the growth of the cells. The number of clonogenic cells also decreased as a result of heat treatment. Extended periods of heating for more than 2 h at 41 degrees C resulted in thermal adaptation. Hyperthermia-induced hemoglobin synthesis by these cells, only at 42 and 43 degrees C. Maximum induction was observed after heat treatment for 80 min at 43 degrees C and 180 min at 42 degrees C. At lower temperature, although the fraction of surviving cells was high, but no signs of hemoglobin synthesis could be observed. At temperatures higher than 43 degrees C, the fraction of surviving cells decreased rapidly and also no signs of hemoglobin synthesis could be detected. At the two selective temperatures, hemoglobin synthesis started 4 days after heat treatment. The results showed that hyperthermia caused cytotoxicity and growth arrest and induced differentiation as judged by hemoglobin synthesis and reduced clonogenicity in this cell line. This is the first time that a physical agent has been shown to induce differentiation in erythroleukemic cell lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bahram Goliaei
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 13145-1384, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|