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Chau V, Dryer R, Brunton R. Examining the relationship between maternal childhood abuse history and mother-infant bonding: The mediating roles of postpartum depression and maternal self-efficacy. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2023; 145:106439. [PMID: 37683403 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The detrimental effects of childhood abuse on long-term outcomes are well-known, however few studies have examined these effects in the context of postpartum psychopathology, maternal self-efficacy, and mother-infant bonding quality. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the relationship between a maternal childhood abuse experience (i.e., physical, psychological, and sexual) and mother-infant bonding disturbances, and whether this relationship was mediated by postnatal depression symptomatology and maternal self-efficacy. METHOD A sample of 191 postpartum women (Mage = 32.88, SD = 4.20) recruited online from the general population completed self-report measures of the constructs of interest. RESULTS Postnatal depression symptomatology and maternal self-efficacy were found to fully mediate the relationship between psychological child abuse experience and mother-infant bonding disturbances (β = 0.06, SE = 0.03, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.12). Postnatal depression symptomatology (but not maternal self-efficacy) was an independent mediator between psychological child abuse experience and mother-infant bonding (β = 0.07, SE = 0.03, 95 % CI: 0.01, 0.13). After inclusion of other abuse types as covariates in the analyses, the findings for maternal child physical abuse attenuated to non-significance. Child sexual abuse was not associated with the mediating or outcome variables, highlighting the issue of disclosure despite the anonymous online environment. CONCLUSION This study highlights the negative impact of psychological childhood abuse experience on the quality of the mother-infant bond during the postpartum period and potential pathways that underlie this relationship. This study also draws attention to the need to recognize comorbidity of abuse types in research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Chau
- School of Behavioral & Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Strathfield, NSW, Australia.
| | - Rachel Dryer
- School of Behavioral & Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Strathfield, NSW, Australia
| | - Robyn Brunton
- School of Psychology, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, NSW, Australia
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Warmingham JM, Rogosch FA, Cicchetti D. Intergenerational maltreatment and child emotion dysregulation. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2020; 102:104377. [PMID: 32018212 PMCID: PMC7067645 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood maltreatment has been related to adverse outcomes on social, cognitive, and biological development with sequelae present throughout the lifespan. As such, caregivers maltreated in childhood may face a different set of challenges and interpersonal stressors in rearing their children. Parental history of maltreatment has the potential to increase the risk of parental depression and exposure to maltreatment in the next generation, both of which can have a negative effect on children's development. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to investigate maternal depression and child experiences of maltreatment as mediators of the relationship between mothers' own maltreatment experiences and child emotion dysregulation in children aged 10-12. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING 378 low-income mothers and their children were recruited to participate in a research summer camp from 2004-2007. METHOD Mothers self-reported on their experiences of maltreatment in childhood and current depressive symptoms. Current generation child maltreatment information was coded from Child Protective Services records. Child emotion dysregulation (rated by camp counselors) was the outcome measure in this study. Structural equation modeling was employed to test associations between maternal maltreatment and child emotion dysregulation. RESULTS Maternal history of maltreatment related to both child maltreatment (β = .24, SE = .052, p < .001) and greater maternal depressive symptoms (β = .28, SE = .049, p < .001). Only child maltreatment mediated the effect of mothers' maltreatment on child emotion dysregulation (95 %CI: .005-.023). CONCLUSIONS In this low-income sample, the rate of intergenerational maltreatment is high and represents a pathway of influence that increases risk for maladaptive socioemotional child development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Warmingham
- University of Rochester, Mt. Hope Family Center, 187 Edinburgh St, Rochester, NY 14608, United States.
| | - Fred A Rogosch
- University of Rochester, Mt. Hope Family Center, 187 Edinburgh St, Rochester, NY 14608, United States.
| | - Dante Cicchetti
- University of Rochester, Mt. Hope Family Center, 187 Edinburgh St, Rochester, NY 14608, United States; University of Minnesota, United States
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Chamberlain C, Gee G, Harfield S, Campbell S, Brennan S, Clark Y, Mensah F, Arabena K, Herrman H, Brown S. Parenting after a history of childhood maltreatment: A scoping review and map of evidence in the perinatal period. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213460. [PMID: 30865679 PMCID: PMC6415835 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Child maltreatment is a global health priority affecting up to half of all children worldwide, with profound and ongoing impacts on physical, social and emotional wellbeing. The perinatal period (pregnancy to two years postpartum) is critical for parents with a history of childhood maltreatment. Parents may experience ‘triggering’ of trauma responses during perinatal care or caring for their distressed infant. The long-lasting relational effects may impede the capacity of parents to nurture their children and lead to intergenerational cycles of trauma. Conversely, the perinatal period offers a unique life-course opportunity for parental healing and prevention of child maltreatment. This scoping review aims to map perinatal evidence regarding theories, intergenerational pathways, parents’ views, interventions and measurement tools involving parents with a history of maltreatment in their own childhoods. Methods and results We searched Medline, Psychinfo, Cinahl and Embase to 30/11/2016. We screened 6701 articles and included 55 studies (74 articles) involving more than 20,000 parents. Most studies were conducted in the United States (42/55) and involved mothers only (43/55). Theoretical constructs include: attachment, social learning, relational-developmental systems, family-systems and anger theories; ‘hidden trauma’, resilience, post-traumatic growth; and ‘Child Sexual Assault Healing’ and socioecological models. Observational studies illustrate sociodemographic and mental health protective and risk factors that mediate/moderate intergenerational pathways to parental and child wellbeing. Qualitative studies provide rich descriptions of parental experiences and views about healing strategies and support. We found no specific perinatal interventions for parents with childhood maltreatment histories. However, several parenting interventions included elements which address parental history, and these reported positive effects on parent wellbeing. We found twenty-two assessment tools for identifying parental childhood maltreatment history or impact. Conclusions Perinatal evidence is available to inform development of strategies to support parents with a history of child maltreatment. However, there is a paucity of applied evidence and evidence involving fathers and Indigenous parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Chamberlain
- Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Graham Gee
- Victorian Aboriginal Health Service, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen Harfield
- Wardliparingga Aboriginal Research Unit, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Sansom Institute for Health Research, The University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sandra Campbell
- Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Indigenous Health Equity Research, Central Queensland University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sue Brennan
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yvonne Clark
- Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of Adelaide, Hughes, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Fiona Mensah
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kerry Arabena
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Helen Herrman
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephanie Brown
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of General Practice, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Wang M, Wang J. Negative parental attribution and emotional dysregulation in Chinese early adolescents: Harsh fathering and harsh mothering as potential mediators. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2018; 81:12-20. [PMID: 29689317 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The current study examined the potential mediating roles of harsh fathering and harsh mothering in the association between negative parental attribution and emotional dysregulation in Chinese adolescents and explored the moderating role of child gender on this indirect association. 864 students (367 girls, mean age = 13.55 years) with their parents were recruited as participants from two middle schools in Shandong Province, People's Republic of China. The results demonstrated that both harsh fathering and harsh mothering could partially mediate the association between negative maternal attribution and child emotional dysregulation, whereas only harsh fathering could partially mediate the association between negative paternal attribution and child emotional dysregulation. Moreover, we found the moderating role of child gender only for the association between harsh fathering and child emotional dysregulation, in that harsh fathering could be associated with higher levels of emotional dysregulation in girls. These results shed light on efforts to prevent harsh parenting and child emotional dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhong Wang
- School of Education, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China.
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Education, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
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Wilson CK, Padrón E, Samuelson KW. Trauma Type and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder as Predictors of Parenting Stress in Trauma-Exposed Mothers. VIOLENCE AND VICTIMS 2017; 32:141-158. [PMID: 28234203 DOI: 10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-13-00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Trauma exposure is associated with various parenting difficulties, but few studies have examined relationships between trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and parenting stress. Parenting stress is an important facet of parenting and mediates the relationship between parental trauma exposure and negative child outcomes (Owen, Thompson, & Kaslow, 2006). We examined trauma type (child maltreatment, intimate partner violence, community violence, and non-interpersonal traumas) and PTSD symptoms as predictors of parenting stress in a sample of 52 trauma-exposed mothers. Community violence exposure and PTSD symptom severity accounted for significant variance in parenting stress. Further analyses revealed that emotional numbing was the only PTSD symptom cluster accounting for variance in parenting stress scores. Results highlight the importance of addressing community violence exposure and emotion regulation difficulties with trauma-exposed mothers.
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Gray SAO, Forbes D, Briggs-Gowan MJ, Carter AS. Caregiver insightfulness and young children's violence exposure: testing a relational model of risk and resilience. Attach Hum Dev 2015; 17:615-34. [PMID: 26503175 PMCID: PMC4723281 DOI: 10.1080/14616734.2015.1100207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This study employed a relational post-traumatic stress frame to explore the co-contribution of young children's exposure to violence and caregiver insightfulness on child behavioral outcomes in a high-risk, non-referred sample of caregivers and preschoolers (n = 64; mean age 3.83 years, SD = .77). Caregiver insightfulness did not have a main effect on child outcomes but did moderate the relation between violence exposure and child behavior across all observed outcomes. Violence-exposed children with non-insightful caregivers demonstrated higher caregiver-rated internalizing and externalizing behaviors and observer-rated negative affect than all other groups. Among children not exposed to violence, insightfulness was not related to children's behavior problems or negative affect, suggesting violence-specific processes. Though cross-sectional, results suggest that the effects of violence and caregiver insightfulness on child outcomes are contingent on one another and that caregiver insightfulness may play a protective role in contexts of violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A O Gray
- a Department of Psychology , Tulane University , New Orleans , LA , USA
| | | | - Margaret J Briggs-Gowan
- c Department of Psychiatry , University of Connecticut Health Sciences Center , Farmington , CT , USA
| | - Alice S Carter
- d Department of Psychology , University of Massachusetts Boston , Boston , MA , USA
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Fuchs A, Möhler E, Resch F, Kaess M. Impact of a maternal history of childhood abuse on the development of mother-infant interaction during the first year of life. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2015; 48:179-189. [PMID: 26140735 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2015.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the impact of a maternal history of abuse on mother-infant interaction (emotional availability; EA) in infancy and early toddlerhood. Over an 18-month period, women giving birth to a child in the local obstetric units were screened using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Women who reported moderate or severe sexual and/or physical abuse were included in the maltreatment group (n=58; MG) and compared with a non-maltreated comparison group (n=61; CG). EA was investigated under experimental conditions when the children were 5 and 12 months of age using the Emotional Availability Scales. While mother-child dyads in the MG showed only very discrete interactional alterations at an infant age of 5 months, their EA differed significantly from the CG at 12 months due to the lack of an increase in EA observed in the MG. Exploratory analyses showed an additional effect of emotional abuse on EA at 12 months. These data indicate that the period when child locomotion develops might represent a critical time window for mothers with a history of abuse. Our results constitute an advance in research on child abuse as they identify a possible time window of non-normative alteration in mother-child interaction. This period could be targeted by strategies to prevent intergenerational transmission of abusive experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Fuchs
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Blumenstraße 8, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eva Möhler
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Blumenstraße 8, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Franz Resch
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Blumenstraße 8, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Kaess
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Blumenstraße 8, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
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Schechter DS, Moser DA, Reliford A, McCaw JE, Coates SW, Turner JB, Serpa SR, Willheim E. Negative and distorted attributions towards child, self, and primary attachment figure among posttraumatically stressed mothers: what changes with Clinician Assisted Videofeedback Exposure Sessions (CAVES). Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2015; 46:10-20. [PMID: 24553738 PMCID: PMC4139484 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-014-0447-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study found that within a non-referred community pediatrics clinic sample, the severity of mothers' trauma-related psychopathology, in particular, their interpersonal violence-related (IPV) posttraumatic stress, dissociative, and depressive symptoms predicted the degree of negativity of mothers' attributions towards their preschool age children, themselves, and their own primary attachment figure. Results also showed that mothers with IPV-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as compared to non-PTSD controls showed a significantly greater degree of negativity of their attributions toward their child, themselves and their primary attachment figure during childhood. The study finally found a significant reduction in the degree of negativity of mothers' attributions only towards their child following a three-session evaluation-protocol that included a form of experimental intervention entitled the "Clinician Assisted Videofeedback Exposure Session(s)" (CAVES), for mothers with IPV-PTSD as compared to control-subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S Schechter
- Unité de Recherche, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Geneva Hospitals, Rue Verte 2, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland,
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Cohen LR, Hien DA, Batchelder S. The impact of cumulative maternal trauma and diagnosis on parenting behavior. CHILD MALTREATMENT 2008; 13:27-38. [PMID: 18174346 PMCID: PMC3691673 DOI: 10.1177/1077559507310045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
This study examines the relative contributions of cumulative maternal trauma, substance use, depressive and posttraumatic stress diagnoses on parental abuse potential, punitiveness, and psychological and physical aggression in a sample of 176 urban mothers. Participants were categorized into four groups: substance use (n = 41), depressed (n = 40), comorbid (n = 47), and control (n = 48). Participants in the three diagnostic groups reported significantly greater interpersonal trauma exposure than did controls. Hierarchical regressions reveal that cumulative trauma is a significant predictor of all parenting outcomes, even after controlling for demographic and diagnostic variables. Substance use and depression are significantly related to abuse potential, and PTSD is significantly negatively related to physical discipline, with no other significant associations between diagnostic status and parenting outcomes. These findings add to an important growing literature examining the impact of cumulative trauma on parental functioning. Implications for future research and parenting interventions are discussed.
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Tarlow Friedman E, Haaga DA. Using Hierarchical Classes to Analyze Organization of the Self-Concept. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT 2007. [DOI: 10.1027/1015-5759.23.1.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated in several ways the concurrent and discriminant validity of measuring self-concept organization via Hierarchical Classes (HICLAS) analysis of interview-derived self-descriptions. College students (N = 85) listed and then described using their own words various self-aspects, and they completed standardized measures of depressive symptoms, self-esteem, and verbal ability. As expected, self-views were multifaceted and hierarchically organized. The proportion of negative self-descriptors provided was positively correlated with depressive symptoms and negatively correlated with self-esteem. Positive and negative self-descriptors were compartmentalized across self-aspects. These results supported the concurrent validity of the information yielded by HICLAS analysis. Supporting the discriminant validity of the method, indices of the elaboration of the self-concept were not correlated with depressive symptoms. No HICLAS variables were significantly confounded by individual differences in verbal ability. We conclude that HICLAS analysis of self-generated descriptors is a promising, flexible method of idiographic assessment of self-concept organization.
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Jarvis KL, Novaco RW. Postshelter adjustment of children from violent families. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2006; 21:1046-62. [PMID: 16829666 DOI: 10.1177/0886260506290205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have examined the adjustment of battered women and their children after exiting domestic violence shelters. Participants were 62 women who had endured severe partner abuse, completed a shelter program with their children, and resided in the community for at least 6 months. Field interviews concerned mothers' and children's abuse histories and included measures of maternal depression, maternal trauma, and child behavior problems. Nearly all women had lived violence free since shelter exit. Child internalizing behaviors were associated with direct abuse, maternal depression, and shelter program. Externalizing behaviors were related to maternal depression and shelter program. Neither severity of interparental violence nor maternal trauma symptoms was related to child behavior problems. Mothers' family of-origin abuse predicted current satisfaction with child functioning, beyond the effects of maternal depression and child behavioral problems. Findings suggest a need for postshelter therapeutic services and further research addressing the adjustment of such families.
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Schechter DS, Myers MM, Brunelli SA, Coates SW, Zeanah CH, Davies M, Grienenberger JF, Marshall RD, McCaw JE, Trabka KA, Liebowitz MR. Traumatized mothers can change their minds about their toddlers: Understanding how a novel use of videofeedback supports positive change of maternal attributions. Infant Ment Health J 2006; 27:429-447. [PMID: 18007960 DOI: 10.1002/imhj.20101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This study explored the use of a brief experimental intervention that integrates principles of infant-parent psychotherapy, videofeedback, controlled exposure to child distress in the context of parental posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and stimulation of parental reflective functioning (RF). The Clinician Assisted Videofeedback Exposure Session (CAVES) was applied to 32 interpersonal violence-exposed mothers of very young children (8-50 months) with respect to change of maternal perception of her child. While we found no significant reduction over two videotaped assessment visits with a mental health professional, we did find a significant reduction in the degree of negativity of maternal attributions towards her child following the videotaped visit focused on the CAVES (p<.01). Maternal RF, a mother's capacity to think about mental states in herself and her child, accounted for 11% of the variance in reduction of maternal negativity after accounting for baseline levels of negativity. Clinician-assisted videofeedback appears to support emotional self-regulation of mothers with violence-related PTSD. Focusing with a therapist on videofeedback of child separation distress exposes mothers to avoided mental states of helplessness and perceived loss of protection. Negative maternal attributions may mark violent trauma-associated emotion dysregulation and projected self-representations of the maltreated mother.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S Schechter
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
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Azar ST, Nix RL, Makin-Byrd KN. Parenting schemas and the process of change. JOURNAL OF MARITAL AND FAMILY THERAPY 2005; 31:45-58. [PMID: 15739966 DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-0606.2005.tb01542.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Parents' childrearing behaviors are guided by schemas of the caregiving role, their functioning in that role, what children need in general, and what their own children are like in particular. Sometimes, however, parenting schemas can be maladaptive because they are too rigid or simple, involve inappropriate content, or are dominated by negative affect. In this article, we describe parenting schemas and provide an overview of empirical work documenting the characteristics of maladaptive parenting schemas. We review how intervention practices common to multiple therapeutic approaches (cognitive-behavior therapy, family therapy, parent training, attachment-based interventions, and psychoanalytic parent-infant psychotherapy) attempt to modify schemas to promote more optimal functioning among parents. We highlight how research in cognitive science may explain, in part, treatment effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra T Azar
- Psychology Department, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.
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Boë E, Botbol M, Mazet P. Qu'est-ce que l'adolescence nous apprend sur les abus sexuels vécus dans l'enfance. PSYCHIATRIE DE L ENFANT 2005. [DOI: 10.3917/psye.481.0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Banyard VL, Williams LM, Siegel JA. The impact of complex trauma and depression on parenting: an exploration of mediating risk and protective factors. CHILD MALTREATMENT 2003; 8:334-349. [PMID: 14604179 DOI: 10.1177/1077559503257106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The current study examined (a) maternal depression as a mediator between mothers' complex trauma exposure and parenting difficulties and (b) protective factors within a sample of adult survivors of complex child and adult trauma. Participants were a sample of 152 women selected from 174 women interviewed in the third wave of a longitudinal study of a hospital sample of girls. The women in the current study represent a subsample that includes all participants who had given birth to a child. Measures included assessments of women's own trauma history and parenting outcomes. Higher rates of trauma exposure were related to decreased parenting satisfaction, reports of child neglect, use of physical punishment, and a history of protective service reports. These links were partially mediated by the relationship between trauma exposure and increased maternal depression. Exploratory analyses were also conducted to examine protective factors for fewer parenting problems within a further subsample of trauma survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria L Banyard
- Department of Psychology, University of New Hampshire, Durham 03824, USA.
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