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Vedelago J, Geser FA, Muñoz ID, Stabilini A, Yukihara EG, Jaekel O. Assessment of secondary neutrons in particle therapy by Monte Carlo simulations. Phys Med Biol 2021; 67. [PMID: 34905742 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ac431b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to estimate the energy and angular distribution of secondary neutrons inside a phantom in hadron therapy, which will support decisions on detector choice and experimental setup design for in-phantom secondary neutron measurements. APPROACH Dedicated Monte Carlo simulations were implemented, considering clinically relevant energies of protons, helium and carbon ions. Since scored quantities can vary from different radiation transport models, the codes FLUKA, TOPAS and MCNP were used. The geometry of an active scanning beam delivery system for heavy ion treatment was implemented, and simulations of pristine and spread-out Bragg peaks were carried out. Previous studies, focused on specific ion types or single energies, are qualitatively in agreement with the obtained results. MAIN RESULTS The secondary neutrons energy distributions present a continuous spectrum with two peaks, one centred on the thermal/epithermal region, and one on the high-energy region, with the most probable energy ranging from 19 MeV up to 240 MeV, depending on the ion type and its initial energy. The simulations show that the secondary neutron energies may exceed 400 MeV and, therefore, suitable neutron detectors for this energy range shall be needed. Additionally, the angular distribution of the low energy neutrons is quite isotropic, whereas the fast/relativistic neutrons are mainly scattered in the down-stream direction. SIGNIFICANCE It would be possible to minimize the influence of the heavy ions when measuring the neutron-generated recoil protons by selecting appropriate measurement positions within the phantom. Although there are discrepancies among the three Monte Carlo codes, the results agree qualitatively and in order of magnitude, being sufficient to support further investigations with the ultimate goal of mapping the secondary neutron doses both in- and out-of-field in hadrontherapy. The obtained secondary neutron spectra are available as supplementary material.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Vedelago
- German Cancer Research Centre, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg, 69120, GERMANY
| | - Federico A Geser
- Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, Villigen PSI, 5232, SWITZERLAND
| | - Iván D Muñoz
- German Cancer Research Centre, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg, 69120, GERMANY
| | - Alberto Stabilini
- Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, Villigen PSI, 5235, SWITZERLAND
| | - Eduardo G Yukihara
- Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, Villigen PSI, 5232, SWITZERLAND
| | - Oliver Jaekel
- German Cancer Research Centre, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg, 69120, GERMANY
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Induced radioactivity at particle accelerators: a short review. RADIATION DETECTION TECHNOLOGY AND METHODS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s41605-021-00292-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Koning AJ, Duijvestijn MC, van der Marck SC, Meulekamp RK, Hogenbirk A. New Nuclear Data Libraries for Lead and Bismuth and Their Impact on Accelerator-Driven Systems Design. NUCL SCI ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/nse156-357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. J. Koning
- Nuclear Research and Consultancy Group P.O. Box 25, 1755 ZG Petten, The Netherlands
| | - M. C. Duijvestijn
- Nuclear Research and Consultancy Group P.O. Box 25, 1755 ZG Petten, The Netherlands
| | - S. C. van der Marck
- Nuclear Research and Consultancy Group P.O. Box 25, 1755 ZG Petten, The Netherlands
| | - R. Klein Meulekamp
- Nuclear Research and Consultancy Group P.O. Box 25, 1755 ZG Petten, The Netherlands
| | - A. Hogenbirk
- Nuclear Research and Consultancy Group P.O. Box 25, 1755 ZG Petten, The Netherlands
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Bonfrate A, Farah J, De Marzi L, Delacroix S, Hérault J, Sayah R, Lee C, Bolch WE, Clairand I. Influence of beam incidence and irradiation parameters on stray neutron doses to healthy organs of pediatric patients treated for an intracranial tumor with passive scattering proton therapy. Phys Med 2016; 32:590-9. [PMID: 27050170 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2016.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In scattering proton therapy, the beam incidence, i.e. the patient's orientation with respect to the beam axis, can significantly influence stray neutron doses although it is almost not documented in the literature. METHODS MCNPX calculations were carried out to estimate stray neutron doses to 25 healthy organs of a 10-year-old female phantom treated for an intracranial tumor. Two beam incidences were considered in this article, namely a superior (SUP) field and a right lateral (RLAT) field. For both fields, a parametric study was performed varying proton beam energy, modulation width, collimator aperture and thickness, compensator thickness and air gap size. RESULTS Using a standard beam line configuration for a craniopharyngioma treatment, neutron absorbed doses per therapeutic dose of 63μGyGy(-1) and 149μGyGy(-1) were found at the heart for the SUP and the RLAT fields, respectively. This dose discrepancy was explained by the different patient's orientations leading to changes in the distance between organs and the final collimator where external neutrons are mainly produced. Moreover, investigations on neutron spectral fluence at the heart showed that the number of neutrons was 2.5times higher for the RLAT field compared against the SUP field. Finally, the influence of some irradiation parameters on neutron doses was found to be different according to the beam incidence. CONCLUSION Beam incidence was thus found to induce large variations in stray neutron doses, proving that this parameter could be optimized to enhance the radiation protection of the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bonfrate
- IRSN - Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Service de Dosimétrie Externe BP17, 92262 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France.
| | - J Farah
- IRSN - Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Service de Dosimétrie Externe BP17, 92262 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France.
| | - L De Marzi
- Institut Curie - Centre de Protonthérapie d'Orsay (CPO) - Campus universitaire bâtiment 101, 91898 Orsay, France
| | - S Delacroix
- Institut Curie - Centre de Protonthérapie d'Orsay (CPO) - Campus universitaire bâtiment 101, 91898 Orsay, France
| | - J Hérault
- Centre Antoine Lacassagne (CAL) - Cyclotron biomédical, 227 avenue de la Lanterne, 06200 Nice, France
| | - R Sayah
- IRSN - Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Service de Dosimétrie Externe BP17, 92262 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France
| | - C Lee
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - W E Bolch
- J Crayton Pruitt Family Departments of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - I Clairand
- IRSN - Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Service de Dosimétrie Externe BP17, 92262 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France
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Crasta R, Naik H, Suryanarayana SV, Ganesh S, Prajapati PM, Kumar M, Nathaniel TN, Nimje VT, Mittal KC, Goswami A. Measurement of bremsstrahlung-induced reaction cross-section for 93Nb using electron Linac. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2013. [DOI: 10.1524/ract.2013.2051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Summary
Cross sections for (γ, n) reaction at bremsstrahlung end point energies of 10 and 12.5MeV on niobium have been measured by the activation technique. Induced activities were measured by a high-resolution γ-ray spectrometer with a high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector. Theoretically the (γ, n) cross-section of 93Nb as a function of photon energies were also calculated using TALYS 1.4 computer code. We compared the measured data with the flux weighted average values from the available literature data based on experiments with mono-energetic photons and the theoretical calculation by the model code TALYS 1.4. The experimental values are found to be in good agreement with the theoretical value from TALYS 1.4 but are slightly higher than the flux-weighted values from mono-energetic photons
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Crasta
- Department of Studies in Physics, Microtron Centre, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri-574 199, Karnataka, India
| | - H. Naik
- Radiochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai-400085, India
| | - S. V. Suryanarayana
- Nuclear Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai-400085, India
| | - S. Ganesh
- Department of Studies in Physics, Microtron Centre, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri-574 199, Karnataka, India
| | - P. M. Prajapati
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, The M.S. University of Baroda, Vadodara-390002, India
| | - M. Kumar
- Accelerator & Pulse Power Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai-400085, India
| | - T. N. Nathaniel
- Radiochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai-400085, India
| | - V. T. Nimje
- Accelerator & Pulse Power Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai-400085, India
| | - K. C. Mittal
- Accelerator & Pulse Power Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai-400085, India
| | - A. Goswami
- Department of Studies in Physics, Microtron Centre, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri-574 199, Karnataka, India
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Han Y, Liu P, Cai C. Double-Differential Cross Sections of the Particle Emission in Neutron-Induced Reactions on 209Bi. NUCL SCI ENG 2010. [DOI: 10.13182/nse09-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yinlu Han
- China Institute of Atomic Energy, P.O. Box 275(41), Beijing 102413, China
| | - Ping Liu
- China Institute of Atomic Energy, P.O. Box 275(41), Beijing 102413, China
| | - Chonghai Cai
- Nankai University, Department of Physics, Tianjin 300071, China
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Hughes HG, Brown FB, Bull JS, Goorley JT, Little RC, Liu LC, Mashnik SG, Prael RE, Selcow EC, Sierk AJ, Sweezy JE, Zumbro JD, Mokhov NV, Striganov SI, Gudima KK. MCNP5 for proton radiography. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2005; 116:109-12. [PMID: 16604608 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/nci109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The developmental version of MCNP5 has recently been extended to provide for continuous-energy transport of high-energy protons. This enhancement involves the incorporation of several significant new physics models into the code. Multiple Coulomb scattering is treated with an advanced model that takes account of projectile and nuclear target form factors. In the next version, this model will provide a coupled sampling of both angular deflection and collisional energy loss, including straggling. The proton elastic scattering model is also new, based on recent theoretical work. Charged particle transport in the presence of magnetic fields is accomplished either by using transfer maps from the COSY INFINITY code (in void regions) or by using an algorithm adapted from the MARS code (in void regions or in scattering materials). Work is underway to validate and implement the latest versions of the Cascade-Exciton Model and the Los Alamos Quark-Gluon String Model, which will process inelastic nuclear interactions and generate secondary particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Grady Hughes
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA.
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Yonai S, Aoki T, Nakamura T, Yashima H, Baba M, Yokobori H, Tahara Y. Feasibility study on epithermal neutron field for cyclotron-based boron neutron capture therapy. Med Phys 2003; 30:2021-30. [PMID: 12945968 DOI: 10.1118/1.1587431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
To realize the accelerator-based boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) at the Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center of Tohoku University, the feasibility of a cyclotron-based BNCT was evaluated. This study focuses on optimizing the epithermal neutron field with an energy spectrum and intensity suitable for BNCT for various combinations of neutron-producing reactions and moderator materials. Neutrons emitted at 90 degrees from a thick (stopping-length) Ta target, bombarded by 50 MeV protons of 300 microA beam current, were selected as a neutron source, based on the measurement of angular distributions and neutron energy spectra. As assembly composed of iron, AlF3/Al/6LiF, and lead was chosen as moderators, based on the simulation trials using the MCNPX code. The depth dose distributions in a cylindrical phantom, calculated with the MCNPX code, showed that, within 1 h of therapeutic time, the best moderator assembly, which is 30-cm-thick iron, 39-cm-thick AlF3/Al/6LiF, and 1-cm-thick lead, provides an epithermal neutron flux of 0.7 x 10(9) [n cm(-2) s(-1)]. This results in a tumor dose of 20.9 Gy-eq at a depth of 8 cm in the phantom, which is 6.4 Gy-eq higher than that of the Brookhaven Medical Research Reactor at the equivalent condition of maximum normal tissue tolerance. The beam power of the cyclotron is 15 kW, which is much lower than other accelerator-based BNCT proposals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Yonai
- Department of Quantum Science and Energy Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba Aramaki Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
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