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Yuan W, Li X, Wang G, Qu B, Zhao F. Association of autoimmune and allergic diseases with senile cataract: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1325868. [PMID: 38585265 PMCID: PMC10995295 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1325868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Many observational studies have been reported that patients with autoimmune or allergic diseases seem to have a higher risk of developing senile cataract, but the views are not consistent. In order to minimize the influence of reverse causality and potential confounding factors, we performed Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the genetic causal associations between autoimmune, allergic diseases and senile cataract. Methods Single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with ten common autoimmune and allergic diseases were obtained from the IEU Open genome-wide association studies (GWAS) database. Summary-level GWAS statistics for clinically diagnosed senile cataract were obtained from the FinnGen research project GWAS, which consisted of 59,522 individuals with senile cataracts and 312,864 control individuals. MR analysis was conducted using mainly inverse variance weighted (IVW) method and further sensitivity analysis was performed to test robustness. Results As for ten diseases, IVW results confirmed that type 1 diabetes (OR = 1.06; 95% CI = 1.05-1.08; p = 2.24×10-12), rheumatoid arthritis (OR = 1.05; 95% CI = 1.02-1.08; p = 1.83×10-4), hypothyroidism (OR = 2.4; 95% CI = 1.42-4.06; p = 1.12×10-3), systemic lupus erythematosus (OR = 1.02; 95% CI = 1.01-1.03; p = 2.27×10-3), asthma (OR = 1.02; 95% CI = 1.01-1.03; p = 1.2×10-3) and allergic rhinitis (OR = 1.07; 95% CI = 1.02-1.11; p = 2.15×10-3) were correlated with the risk of senile cataract. Celiac disease (OR = 1.04; 95% CI = 1.01-1.08; P = 0.0437) and atopic dermatitis (OR = 1.05; 95% CI = 1.01-1.10; P = 0.0426) exhibited a suggestive connection with senile cataract after Bonferroni correction. These associations are consistent across weighted median and MR Egger methods, with similar causal estimates in direction and magnitude. Sensitivity analysis further proved that these associations were reliable. Conclusions The results of the MR analysis showed that there were causal relationships between type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, hypothyroidism, systemic lupus erythematosus, asthma, allergic rhinitis and senile cataract. To clarify the possible role of autoimmune and allergy in the pathophysiology of senile cataract, further studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weichen Yuan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Lens Research Laboratory of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiangrui Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Lens Research Laboratory of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Guan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Lens Research Laboratory of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Bo Qu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Lens Research Laboratory of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Fangkun Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Lens Research Laboratory of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
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Masili M, Duarte FO, Ventura L. Calculation of solar ultraviolet influx in the eye considering the field of view and pupillary dilation due to sunglasses. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6604. [PMID: 38503785 PMCID: PMC10951290 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50831-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The media and even the specialized literature report that the ultraviolet (UV) protection for sunglasses is critical, on the grounds that sunglasses can have a counter effect if the lenses do not provide adequate UV protection. They reason that the primary and natural mechanism is that the pupil of the eye contracts to attenuate radiation and protect the inner eye under sun exposure. Therefore, if dark lenses do not provide appropriate UV protection, there is an increased UV incidence in the inner eye due to pupil dilation, which enhances the adverse effects and impacts the ocular tissues more severely than in situations without UV protection. However, no existing literature properly quantified or supported this argument. In this work, the influx of solar UV throughout the pupil of the eye was calculated in two situations: when a person wear sunglasses and when he/she does not. In both situations, the pupil dilation and the field of view (squint) were considered with their dependence on the brightness of the ambient, calculated by modeling the solar irradiation. Finally, it was assessed whether sunglasses with poor UV protection actually increase the UV influx throughout the dilated pupil compared to the non-dilated pupil. A set of 214 sunglasses lenses were tested and the results show that pupil dilation does not play an important role in the UV influx throughout the pupil. It was observed that the FOV is the main player, surpassing the pupil size contribution by up to 314.3%, disproving the common explanation. Because of the major role of the FOV, our results show that sunglasses with UV-A protection below 86% may have a slight potential to increase hazards to the eye compared to not wearing sunglasses at all. These results can have direct impact on sunglasses standards regarding the UV protection linked to the category of the lenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Masili
- Department of Electrical and Computing Engineering, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador Sancarlense 400, São Carlos, SP, 13566-590, Brazil
| | - Fernanda O Duarte
- Department of Electrical and Computing Engineering, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador Sancarlense 400, São Carlos, SP, 13566-590, Brazil
| | - Liliane Ventura
- Department of Electrical and Computing Engineering, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador Sancarlense 400, São Carlos, SP, 13566-590, Brazil.
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Abay B, Sankeshwar JC, Kamel H. Decreasing Lens Irradiation on Brain Imaging: A Multi-CT Scanner Quality Improvement Project. Cureus 2023; 15:e47357. [PMID: 38022074 PMCID: PMC10657156 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.47357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Cataracts, a leading global cause of blindness, are associated with ionising radiation exposure. This audit aimed to enhance lens exclusion during non-contrast head computed tomography (CT) scans at Newham University Hospital (NUH) using two CT scanners. METHODS A retrospective audit of non-contrast head CT scans at NUH excluded scans for trauma and imaging of orbital structures. A one-week audit in April 2023 assessed lens exclusion, compared to the Royal College of Radiologists (RCR) standards. A total of 101 consecutive scans were analysed and 63 (62%) scans were included in the final study. Thirty-eight percent of the scans were excluded according to the exclusion criteria of head, neck and facial traumas, orbital infections and papilledema. Results were presented, followed by a three-month radiographer re-education period, emphasizing gantry tilt and patient positioning. A reaudit in August 2023 evaluated outcomes. For the reaudit, 183 consecutive scans were analysed, with 131 (72%) scans included in the final study and 52 (28%) scans excluded according to the same exclusion criteria as the first audit. RESULTS Lens exclusion in non-contrast head CT scans improved significantly from 0/63 (0%) compliance to 19/131 (14.50%) (p=0005) compliance with the standards. Variability in radiographer practices, 'near misses' and time constraints were identified as challenges. Staff turnover impacted compliance. CONCLUSION This audit has shed light on a critical aspect of patient care in the field of radiology. This research underscores the importance of rigorous and standardised protocols in radiological procedures, particularly when it comes to protecting the lens of the eye. By enhancing lens exclusion during non-contrast head CT scans, we have taken a significant step in mitigating the risk associated with ionising radiation exposure. Although substantial improvements were made, achieving the RCR audit standard remained elusive. Ongoing re-education, reaudits and a multidisciplinary approach are necessary to optimise radiographer adherence and reduce ionising radiation exposure to the lens during head CT scans. This quality improvement project proves that continued emphasis on gantry tilt and patient positioning in radiographer education and training can make a significant difference in patient safety. As we move forward, let us remember that even small improvements can make a big difference in safeguarding the health and well-being of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berk Abay
- General Surgery, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, GBR
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Lapp T, Wacker K, Heinz C, Maier P, Eberwein P, Reinhard T. Cataract Surgery-Indications, Techniques, and Intraocular Lens Selection. DEUTSCHES ARZTEBLATT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 120:377-386. [PMID: 36794457 PMCID: PMC10413970 DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.m2023.0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Opacification of the lens of the eye (cataract) is usually due to aging. It is a painless, progressive condition that affects contrast and color perception and alters refraction, leading to visual loss that may be total. In cataract surgery, the turbid lens is replaced by an artificial lens. An estimated 600 000 to 800 000 such procedures are performed in Germany each year. METHODS This review is based on pertinent publications retrieved by a selective search in PubMed, including meta-analyses, Cochrane reviews, and randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs). RESULTS Cataract is the most common reversible cause of blindness around the world (approximately 95 million people). The surgical replacement of a turbid lens with an artificial lens is usually carried out under local anesthesia. The standard technique for fragmentation of the nucleus of the lens is ultrasonic phacoemulsification. RCTs have not shown the superiority of the femtosecond laser over phacoemulsification for this purpose so far. The spectrum of artificial intraocular lenses, aside from the conventional type with a single focus, include lenses with multiple foci, extended-depth-of-focus (EDOF) lenses, and astigmatism-correcting lenses. CONCLUSION In Germany, cataract surgery is usually performed on an outpatient basis under local anesthesia. Artificial lenses with various additional functions are available nowadays; the choice of lens depends on the needs of the individual patient. Patients must be adequately informed about the advantages and disadvantages of the different lens systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thabo Lapp
- Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg
| | - Katrin Wacker
- Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg
| | - Carsten Heinz
- Department of Ophthalmology at St. Franziskus-Hospital Münster, Münster
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen
| | - Philip Maier
- Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg
| | | | - Thomas Reinhard
- Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg
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Shu Y, Shao Y, Zhou Q, Lu L, Wang Z, Zhang L, Bi Y. Changing Trends in the Disease Burden of Cataract and Forecasted Trends in China and Globally from 1990 to 2030. Clin Epidemiol 2023; 15:525-534. [PMID: 37153074 PMCID: PMC10162108 DOI: 10.2147/clep.s404049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim To explore the trends in the prevalence and disease burden of cataract from 1990 to 2019, evaluate attributable risk factors, and predict trends over the next decade in China and globally. Methods Data was obtained from Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. We calculated the age-standardized prevalence rate (ASR) and annual percentage change (EAPC) to show the trends of cataract in China and different regions. We calculated and reported the proportion of disability adjusted life years (DALYs) attributable to risk factors by sex in China and different regions. Then, the Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) analysis model was also used to predict the prevalence trends from 2020 to 2030 in China and globally. Results The ASR increased from 867.09 in 1990 to 991.56 in 2019 per 100,000 with an EAPC of 0.88 in China. The age-standardized DALY rate of females was higher than males. DALY rates were correlated to household air pollution from solid fuels, tobacco, high fasting plasma glucose and high body-mass index. The projective model indicates that the ASR for cataracts will rise to 1101.35×106 for male and 1616.63×106 for female by 2030. Conclusion The trends from 1990 to 2030 suggested that the burden of cataract remains high in China. Maintaining good lifestyle habits such as switching to clean energy, reducing cigar intake, controlling blood glucose and weight can reduce the risk of cataracts. As aging increases, China should pay more attention to cataract-induced low vision and blindness and develop public policies to reduce the disease burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyang Shu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuting Shao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Exam Center of Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lixia Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiyue Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanlong Bi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Yanlong Bi, Email
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Nordström M, Holm M, Havstam Johansson L, Rydberg Sterner T, Ahlner F, Falk Erhag H, Skoog I, Zetterberg M. Pseudophakia and Lens Opacities in 70-Year-Olds in Gothenburg, Sweden; Gender Differences, Impact on Self-Reported Visual Function and Validation of Self-Reported Cataract and Pseudophakia. Clin Ophthalmol 2022; 16:3269-3281. [PMID: 36237489 PMCID: PMC9553309 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s366897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The study aimed at determining the prevalence and sex differences in cataract, pseudophakia, lens opacities and self-reported cataract in 70-year-old people in Gothenburg, Sweden. The purpose was also to identify correlations between lens opacities, visual acuity and subjective visual function, and to validate self-reported cataract and cataract surgery. Patients and Methods Population-based cross-sectional study where participants (n=1182) answered questions about self-reported diagnosis of cataract and cataract surgery. A total of 1139 subjects completed the National Eye Institute Visual Functioning Questionnaire-25 (NEI VFQ-25), 560 subjects underwent ophthalmic examination including visual acuity and lens photography. t-test, Pearson chi-square and Mann-Whitney U-test were used for obtaining p-values. ANOVA (analysis of variances, Kruskal-Wallis, one-way) was used to compare VFQ-25 between 3 groups; no cataract, cataract and pseudophakia. To clarify the differences between specific pairs of groups post-hoc test (Bonferroni) was used after ANOVA. Results Self-reported cataract was more common in women than in men (27.2% vs 19.1%, p=0.001, chi-square). Cataract surgery was reported by 16.3% of women and 12.6% of men (p=0.072). Upon eye examination, the prevalence of pseudophakia was 16.9% in women compared to 10.2% in men (p=0.020). The prevalence of cataract, including pseudophakia, was 31.9% in women versus 23.8% in men (p=0.033). Significant correlations (Spearman's rho) were found between lens opacities and visual acuity. Self-reported cataract surgery showed a very high specificity and high sensitivity. The composite score from NEI VFQ-25 was lower in people with pseudophakia than in people with/without cataract (p=0.012, Kruskal-Wallis). Conclusion The prevalence of cataract including pseudophakia in 70-year-olds in Gothenburg is higher compared to previous studies in similar geographical areas. Also, it is more common in women than in men. The lack of significant sex differences in lens opacities may be due to cataract surgery at an earlier stage. Validation showed very good agreement between pseudophakia and self-reported cataract surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moa Nordström
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden,Department of Ophthalmology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden,Correspondence: Moa Nordström, Department of Ophthalmology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, SE-431 80, Sweden, Tel +46 31 342 10 00, Fax +46 31 41 29 04, Email
| | - Mathias Holm
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lena Havstam Johansson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden,Department of Ophthalmology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Therese Rydberg Sterner
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Felicia Ahlner
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hanna Falk Erhag
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ingmar Skoog
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden,Department of Psychiatry Cognition and Old Age Psychiatry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Madeleine Zetterberg
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden,Department of Ophthalmology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
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Cross-sectional study of the association between asthma and cataract among 40 years and older in the USA. BMC Ophthalmol 2022; 22:340. [PMID: 35948897 PMCID: PMC9364527 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-022-02564-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study is aimed to assess the association between asthma and cataract in a representative sample in the United States. Methods The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) is the principal source of information on the health of the civilian noninstitutionalized population of the United States. Ten years (2010-2019) of NHIS were analyzed in this study. Asthma and cataract status were collected from relevant questionnaires among participants aged 40 years and older. Multivariate regression analyses were applied to explore the association between asthma and cataract. Results From 40,457 participants included, those with asthma had higher prevalence of cataract than those without asthma (29.41% vs 25.87%, p < 0.001). Participants who had asthma had 40% higher odds of cataract compared to those without, after adjusting for potential confounding covariates (Odds Ratio [OR] = 1.40, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.29-1.52, p < 0.001). When viewing asthma as the outcome, participants who had cataract had 36% higher odds of asthma compared to those without, after adjusting for potential confounding covariates (Odds Ratio [OR] = 1.36, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.25-1.47, p < 0.001). Conclusions With our study, we demonstrated that individuals with asthma were more likely to develop cataract compared with those without asthma. Further RCTs are needed to confirm this potential impact of asthma on cataract and to investigate the underlying mechanisms.
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Xie Q, Xue L, Cao X, Huang L, Song Y. Apoptosis of Lens Epithelial Cells and Expression of NLRP3-related Proteins in Patients with Diabetes and Cataract. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2022:1-8. [PMID: 35708312 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2022.2079537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM To compare the expression of apoptosis-related factors and Nlrp3-related proteins in the lens epithelial cells (LECs) of patients with diabetes and cataract and patients with age-related cataract (ARC) alone. METHODS All patients were divided into four groups according to the presence or absence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and the degree of diabetic retinopathy (DR). LECs were obtained during cataract surgery. The expression levels of cleaved caspase-3, caspase-7, ASC, caspase-1and Nlrp3 in LECs were determined. And analyzed by age, course of DM, and HbA1c levels. RESULTS The incidence of LEC apoptosis and positive rates of cleaved caspase-3 and caspase-7 expression were significantly higher in the groups with DM (P<0.05).The positive expression rates of ASC, caspase-1, and Nlrp3 increased with longer duration of DM, increased HbA1c level, or advanced DR (P<0.05). CONCLUSION In cataract patients with DM, the expression of apoptosis-related factors in LECs increased. Nlrp3-related protein expression levels, diabetes duration, HbA1c levels, and extent of DR may be potential risk factors for diabetic cataract formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Lidan Xue
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xin Cao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Lili Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yu Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
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Erie EA, Hodge DO, Mahr MA. Prevalence of pseudophakia: U.S. population-based study. J Cataract Refract Surg 2022; 48:717-722. [PMID: 34653092 PMCID: PMC8957633 DOI: 10.1097/j.jcrs.0000000000000827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the current prevalence and trends of pseudophakia in a well-defined U.S. population, calculating values for Olmsted County, Minnesota, from 1988 through 2018. SETTING Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. DESIGN Population-based cohort study. METHODS Rochester Epidemiology Project (REP) databases were used to identify all cases of pseudophakia in Olmsted County, Minnesota, between January 1, 1988, and December 31, 2018. Age- and sex-specific prevalence rates were calculated in 1988, 1998, 2008, and 2018 using REP census population estimates and mortality counts. Poisson regression analysis was used to assess changes in prevalence over time. Mortality rates were estimated by Kaplan-Meier analysis. RESULTS In 2018, 10 024 county residents were pseudophakic in at least 1 eye, for a total population prevalence of 6.5%. The prevalence increased 67% in the last 10 years and 590% in the last 30 years (P < .001). By 2018, 51% of residents aged 75 years and 88% of residents aged 85 years and older were pseudophakic in at least 1 eye, 53% of residents with pseudophakia aged 65 years and older were bilaterally pseudophakic, and 29% of residents with pseudophakia had lived with pseudophakia for more than 10 years. The prevalence was higher among women than men and increased with age (P < .001). Overall, pseudophakia had a lower all-cause mortality compared with the general Minnesota population (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS In 2018, most residents aged 75 years and older were pseudophakic in at least 1 eye. These numbers underscore the changing visual status of older adults and the large number of adults who benefit from cataract surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen A. Erie
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - David O. Hodge
- Department of Quantitative Health Science, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FLA
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Du YF, Liu HR, Zhang Y, Bai WL, Li RY, Sun RZ, Wang NL. Prevalence of cataract and cataract surgery in urban and rural Chinese populations over 50 years old: a systematic review and Meta-analysis. Int J Ophthalmol 2022; 15:141-149. [PMID: 35047369 PMCID: PMC8720354 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2022.01.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To summarize the data of epidemiological studies on cataract prevalence over 50 years old in urban and rural areas of China from 2000 to 2020, and to analyze the prevalence of cataract and operation rate in China. METHODS By searching PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Wanfang Data and CNKI, Chinese and English literatures on the prevalence of cataract in China were retrieved, and the relevant characteristic data were extracted. Then, Stata v15SE software was used for Meta-analysis and heterogeneity test. According to the results of heterogeneity, the corresponding effect models were selected to combine the extracted data. RESULTS A total of 20 studies were included in this study, with a total of 111 434 cases. Meta-analysis showed heterogeneity. According to the random effect model, the overall prevalence of cataract in Chinese people over 50 years old was 27.45%, that in rural was 28.79%, and that in urban was 26.66%. The overall coverage rate of cataract surgery was 9.19%. CONCLUSION The prevalence of cataract is high in China, and there is still room for improvement in surgical coverage, so it is very important to promote cataract screening and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fan Du
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Han-Ruo Liu
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Wei-Ling Bai
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Ru-Yue Li
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Run-Zhou Sun
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Ning-Li Wang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing 100730, China
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Jee D, Park SH, Hwang HS, Kim HS, Kim MS, Kim EC. Effects of hormone replacement therapy on lens opacity, serum inflammatory cytokines, and antioxidant levels. Ann Med 2021; 53:707-714. [PMID: 34024244 PMCID: PMC8158274 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2021.1928275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on lens opacity as measured by Scheimpflug densitometry, serum inflammatory cytokines, and antioxidant levels. METHODS A total of 264 women who were at least five years beyond menopause were included. The control group of 128 patients (Group 1) did not use HRT at any time after menopause. The treatment group of 136 patients (Group 2) used HRT for5 years or more after menopause. Cortical, nuclear, and posterior subcapsular density; pentacam nucleus staging (PNS); pentacam densitometry of zone (PDZ) as measured using a Scheimpflug imaging system (Pentacam); and antioxidant and inflammatory cytokines activities in serum using multiplex bead analysiswere examined. RESULTS Uncorrected visual acuity (logMAR) of group1 was significantly worse than those of group 2 (p < .05). Group1 was significantly more myopic than group 2 (p < .05). Nuclear and posterior subcapsular density, PNS, and percentage of PDZ in group 1 were significantly higher than those of group 2 (p < .05). The serum IL-1m. IL-6, IL-8, and TGF-, concentrations of group 1 were significantly higher than those of group 2, and the serum catalase, superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD 1), and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD 2) fluorescence intensities of group 1 were significantly lower than those of group 2 (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS Long-term use of HRT may have a protective effect against cataract formation. HRT seems to be effective in decreasing inflammation and increasing antioxidant contents in the serum of postmenopausal women.KEY MESSAGESHormone replacement therapy (HRT) decrease lens opacity in postmenopausal women as measured by Scheimpflug densitometry.HRT decrease serum inflammatory cytokines and increase antioxidant levelsin the serum of postmenopausal women.Long-term use of HRT may have a protective effect against cataract formationin postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghyun Jee
- Department of Ophthalmology, St. Vincent Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Hee Park
- Institute of Clinical Medicine Research, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho Sik Hwang
- Department of Ophthalmology, St. Vincent Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Seung Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, St. Vincent Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Man Soo Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, St. Vincent Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Chul Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, St. Vincent Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Ng Yin Ling C, Seshasai S, Chee ML, He F, Tham YC, Cheng CY, Wong TY, Sabanayagam C. Visual Impairment, Major Eye Diseases, and Mortality in a Multi-Ethnic Asian Population and a Meta-analysis of Prospective Studies. Am J Ophthalmol 2021; 231:88-100. [PMID: 33965416 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2021.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Vision impairment (VI) is associated with poor quality of life and increased risk of falls. Few prospective data are available on Asians. This study investigates the longitudinal impact of VI and the major eye diseases on mortality risk in Asians. DESIGN Prospective cohort study with meta-analysis. METHODS We conducted a multi-ethnic prospective study of adults (40-80 years old) in the Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Diseases Study (baseline: 2004-2011). All-cause mortality was obtained from the National Death Registry until May 2017. VI was defined by best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) <20/40 in the better eye. Major eye diseases were assessed using standard protocols. We examined associations using multivariate-adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression models. Finally, we conducted a meta-analysis of the associations between VI and mortality. RESULTS Of 9,986 participants, 1,210 deaths occurred (12.1%) over a median follow-up of 8.8 years. Compared to participants with normal vision, persons with VI had increased risk of mortality (hazards ratio [HR]: 1.53; 95% confidence interval [CI:] 1.30-1.81) in multivariate models. In ethnicity-specific analyses, this association was significant across Chinese (HR: 1.63; 95% CI: 1.08-2.48); Malays (HR: 1.31; 95% CI: 1.06-1.62); and Indians (HR: 2.25; 95% CI: 1.61-3.15). Cataract, under-corrected refractive errors (URE), and diabetic retinopathy (DR) were significantly associated with mortality (HRs: 1.30, 1.22, and 1.54, respectively). In a meta-analysis of 12 studies including 58,034 persons, VI was associated with 30% increased risk of mortality (HR: 1.3; 95% CI: 1.2-1.5). CONCLUSIONS In this multi-ethnic Asian population, VI and preventable eye conditions (cataract, URE, and DR) were associated with mortality, emphasizing the need for early detection and intervention to prevent and treat VI and major eye diseases.
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Hashemi H, Pakzad R, Aghamirsalim M, Yekta A, Mortazavi M, Pourmatin R, Pakbin M, Nabovati P, Khabazkhoob M. Age- and Sex-Standardized Prevalence of Age-Related Cataract and Its Determinants; Tehran Geriatric Eye Study (TGES). Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2021; 29:554-565. [PMID: 34592897 DOI: 10.1080/09286586.2021.1976804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the prevalence of cataract and its relationship with some determinants in individuals above 60 years. METHODS Of 3792 subjects that were invited, 3310 participated in the study (response rate = 87.31%). All subjects underwent full optometric, slit lamp, and fundoscopic examinations. Then, their lenses were evaluated according to the World Health Organization cataract grading system after pupil dilation. RESULTS Age- and sex-standardized prevalence with 95% confidence interval (CI) of nuclear, cortical, posterior subcapsular cataracts (PSC), any type cataract, and all lens change was 53.09% (49.80 to 56.35), 23.02% (20.87 to 25.32), 5.57% (4.62 to 6.70), 58.78% (55.65 to 61.83), and 72.49% (70.14 to 74.71), respectively. Any type, nuclear, cortical, and PSC cataracts, had a positive association with age and an inverse association with education. Moreover, the prevalence of cortical and PSC cataract had an inverse association with economic status. Among all variables, age was the strongest determinant for cataract and its subtype. CONCLUSION This study found a higher prevalence of cataract compared to some previous studies such that about two-thirds of the geriatric population had cataract in the past or at the time of the study. Considering the association of cataract with variables such as economic status and education level, it seems that training and increased awareness and knowledge of the elderly population regarding the importance of eye care by physicians plays an important role in reducing the burden of cataract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Hashemi
- Noor Research Center for Ophthalmic Epidemiology, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Pakzad
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | | | - Abbasali Yekta
- Refractive Errors Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mortazavi
- Noor Ophthalmology Research Center, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rama Pourmatin
- Noor Ophthalmology Research Center, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojgan Pakbin
- Noor Research Center for Ophthalmic Epidemiology, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Payam Nabovati
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Department of Optometry, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Khabazkhoob
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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14
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Yusufu M, Bukhari J, Yu X, Lin TPH, Lam DSC, Wang N. Challenges in Eye Care in the Asia-Pacific Region. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) 2021; 10:423-429. [PMID: 34516436 DOI: 10.1097/apo.0000000000000391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The Asia-Pacific region is home to a 4.3-billion population and one of the most rapidly aging regions. Addressing the eye care needs in the region would greatly boost the progress toward achieving universal eye health. Over 20 countries/regions have actively engaged in the "VISION 2020" initiative launched since 1999, and remarkable achievements have been witnessed as demonstrated by an increase in both the number and density of ophthalmologists in almost all countries. Nevertheless, formidable and emerging challenges are to be overcome in the coming century. From 1990 to 2015, the absolute number of blind people increased by 17.9%, largely due to population growth and aging. The Asia-Pacific region, the most populous continent with a rapidly aging population, would inevitably be left to tackle this challenge. Furthermore, a high prevalence of blinding eye diseases imposes great pressure on current eye care services, with South Asia having the highest age-standardized prevalence of moderate to severe visual impairment (17.5%) and mild vision impairment (12.2%) globally, and high-income countries having the highest overall prevalence of myopia, reaching 53.4% with East Asia having the second-highest overall prevalence (51.6%). Moreover, the availability of ophthalmic resources varies greatly in the region, with the density of ophthalmologists ranging from over 114 ophthalmologists per million population in Japan to 0 in Micronesia, and a highly disproportionate urban-rural distribution. This article aims to shed light on challenges faced by the Asia-Pacific ophthalmic community and propose corresponding strategies to tackle those challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayinuer Yusufu
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
- Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, China
| | - Javaria Bukhari
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
- Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobin Yu
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
- Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, China
| | - Timothy P H Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dennis S C Lam
- C-MER (Shenzhen) Dennis Lam Eye Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- C-MER International Eye Research Center of The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China
| | - Ningli Wang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
- Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, China
- Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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15
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Saeed AQ, Sheikh Abdullah SNH, Che-Hamzah J, Abdul Ghani AT. Accuracy of Using Generative Adversarial Networks for Glaucoma Detection During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Bibliometric Analysis. J Med Internet Res 2021; 23:e27414. [PMID: 34236992 PMCID: PMC8493455 DOI: 10.2196/27414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Glaucoma leads to irreversible blindness. Globally, it is the second most common retinal disease that leads to blindness, slightly less common than cataracts. Therefore, there is a great need to avoid the silent growth of this disease using recently developed generative adversarial networks (GANs). Objective This paper aims to introduce a GAN technology for the diagnosis of eye disorders, particularly glaucoma. This paper illustrates deep adversarial learning as a potential diagnostic tool and the challenges involved in its implementation. This study describes and analyzes many of the pitfalls and problems that researchers will need to overcome to implement this kind of technology. Methods To organize this review comprehensively, articles and reviews were collected using the following keywords: (“Glaucoma,” “optic disc,” “blood vessels”) and (“receptive field,” “loss function,” “GAN,” “Generative Adversarial Network,” “Deep learning,” “CNN,” “convolutional neural network” OR encoder). The records were identified from 5 highly reputed databases: IEEE Xplore, Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and PubMed. These libraries broadly cover the technical and medical literature. Publications within the last 5 years, specifically 2015-2020, were included because the target GAN technique was invented only in 2014 and the publishing date of the collected papers was not earlier than 2016. Duplicate records were removed, and irrelevant titles and abstracts were excluded. In addition, we excluded papers that used optical coherence tomography and visual field images, except for those with 2D images. A large-scale systematic analysis was performed, and then a summarized taxonomy was generated. Furthermore, the results of the collected articles were summarized and a visual representation of the results was presented on a T-shaped matrix diagram. This study was conducted between March 2020 and November 2020. Results We found 59 articles after conducting a comprehensive survey of the literature. Among the 59 articles, 30 present actual attempts to synthesize images and provide accurate segmentation/classification using single/multiple landmarks or share certain experiences. The other 29 articles discuss the recent advances in GANs, do practical experiments, and contain analytical studies of retinal disease. Conclusions Recent deep learning techniques, namely GANs, have shown encouraging performance in retinal disease detection. Although this methodology involves an extensive computing budget and optimization process, it saturates the greedy nature of deep learning techniques by synthesizing images and solves major medical issues. This paper contributes to this research field by offering a thorough analysis of existing works, highlighting current limitations, and suggesting alternatives to support other researchers and participants in further improving and strengthening future work. Finally, new directions for this research have been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Q Saeed
- Faculty of Information Science & Technology (FTSM), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), UKM, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia, Selangor, MY.,Computer Center, Northern Technical University, Ninevah, IQ
| | - Siti Norul Huda Sheikh Abdullah
- Faculty of Information Science & Technology (FTSM), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), UKM, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia, Selangor, MY
| | - Jemaima Che-Hamzah
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, MY
| | - Ahmad Tarmizi Abdul Ghani
- Faculty of Information Science & Technology (FTSM), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), UKM, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia, Selangor, MY
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16
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Zou M, Guo D, Chen A, Young CA, Li Y, Zheng D, Jin G. Prevalence of visual impairment among older Chinese population: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Glob Health 2021; 11:08004. [PMID: 33981412 PMCID: PMC8088771 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.11.08004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To evaluate the prevalence of visual impairment (VI) among elderly Chinese population. Methods All population-based studies on VI prevalence among elderly Chinese populations were searched and only studies with clear definitions of diagnosis were selected. Meta-analysis methods were used to estimate the pooled prevalence and its 95% confidence interval (95%CI) of moderate and severe visual impairment (MSVI) and blindness both by presenting visual acuity (PVA) and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA). Subgroup analysis of gender, district, geographical location, age, education level and examined year were also conducted. Results 72 studies with 465 039 individuals were included and analyzed. Using PVA, the pooled prevalence of MSVI is 10.9% (95% CI = 9.4%-12.6%) and blindness is 2.2% (95% CI = 1.8%-2.8%), while prevalence of MSVI and blindness by BCVA was 5.4% (95% CI = 4.6%-6.2%) and 2.2% (95% CI = 1.9%-2.5%), respectively. Females, rural residents, older age and lower educational level were risk factors for MSVI and blindness. Conclusions VI causes a great health burden among Chinese populations, particularly affecting female subjects, subjects dwelling in rural area, older subjects and subjects with lower educational level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjie Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongwei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aiming Chen
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Charlotte Aimee Young
- Department of Ophthalmology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hongkong, China
| | - Danying Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangming Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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17
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Factors Influencing Contrast Sensitivity Function in Eyes with Mild Cataract. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10071506. [PMID: 33916605 PMCID: PMC8038429 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10071506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed to evaluate the relationship between the area under the log contrast sensitivity function (AULCSF) and several optical factors in eyes suffering mild cataract. We enrolled 71 eyes of 71 patients (mean age, 71.4 ± 10.7 (standard deviation) years) with cataract formation who were under surgical consultation. We determined the area under the log contrast sensitivity function (AULCSF) using a contrast sensitivity unit (VCTS-6500, Vistech). We utilized single and multiple regression analyses to investigate the relevant factors in such eyes. The mean AULSCF was 1.06 ± 0.16 (0.62 to 1.38). Explanatory variables relevant to the AULCSF were, in order of influence, logMAR best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) (p < 0.001, partial regression coefficient B = −0.372), and log(s) (p = 0.023, B = −0.032) (adjusted R2 = 0.402). We found no significant association with other variables such as age, gender, uncorrected visual acuity, nuclear sclerosis grade, or ocular HOAs. Eyes with better BSCVA and lower log(s) are more susceptible to show higher AULCSF, even in mild cataract subjects. It is indicated that both visual acuity and intraocular forward scattering play a role in the CS function in such eyes.
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Queirós L, Redondo P, França M, Silva SE, Borges P, de Melo AB, Pereira N, da Costa PF, Carvalho N, Borges M, Sequeira I, Gonçalves FNR, Lemos J. Implementing ICHOM standard set for cataract surgery at IPO-Porto (Portugal): clinical outcomes, quality of life and costs. BMC Ophthalmol 2021; 21:119. [PMID: 33673817 PMCID: PMC7936410 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-021-01887-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This paper fills a gap in the applied research field, for a local context, by addressing the topics of describing cataract surgery' clinical outcomes; quality of life (QoL); and costs of the patients treated after the implementation of the ICHOM standard set. METHODS This is a retrospective observational study using real-world data (RWD). We included all patients subjected to cataract surgery at the Portuguese Institute of oncology - Porto (IPO-Porto), Portugal, after 3 months follow up period completed between 5th June 2017 and 21st May 2018. The following inclusion criteria: corrected visual acuity of ≤ 6/10 or other significant visual disturbance due to lens opacity or the existence of a large anisometropia. A circuit was implemented based on the ICHOM standard for cataract, to measure clinical variables (e.g. visual acuity) and QoL (CATQUEST-9SF) before and after surgery, and cost of treatment. The results were explored by means of a paired-sample t-test, considering normality assumptions. RESULTS Data refers to 268 patients (73 P25-P75:32-95 years old), regarding 374 eyes. The cataract surgery had a positive effect on visual acuity (p < 0.001), refraction (right and left cylinder; p < 0.001) and all QoL dimensions. The vast majority of patients, around 98%, reported improvements in QoL. Based on IPO-Porto administrative records, the direct cost of treating cataracts (per eye) is of 500€, representing a total cost of 187,000€ for the number of patients operated herein. CONCLUSION This study reports the successful implementation of the ICHOM standard set for cataracts in a Portuguese institution and confirms that cataract surgery provides a rapid visual recovery, with excellent visual outcomes and minimal complications in most patients, while also having a positive impact on patients' quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Queirós
- Department of Ophthalmology, IPO-Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Redondo
- Management, Outcomes Research, and Economics in Healthcare Group, Porto, Portugal.
- Outcomes Research Lab, Instituto Português de Oncologia do Porto Francisco Gentil (IPO-PORTO), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal.
| | - M França
- Department of Ophthalmology, IPO-Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Pedro Borges
- Department of Ophthalmology, IPO-Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Nuno Pereira
- Department of Ophthalmology, IPO-Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Nazaré Carvalho
- Outcomes Research Lab, Instituto Português de Oncologia do Porto Francisco Gentil (IPO-PORTO), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marina Borges
- Management, Outcomes Research, and Economics in Healthcare Group, Porto, Portugal
- Outcomes Research Lab, Instituto Português de Oncologia do Porto Francisco Gentil (IPO-PORTO), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | | | | | - José Lemos
- Department of Ophthalmology, IPO-Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Shen S, Ramirez M, Hamann CJ, Morris N, Peek-Asa C, Zhu M. The Associations Between Older Driver Licensure Laws with Travel and Passenger Behaviors Among Adults Aged 65 Years or Older (United States, 2003-2017). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18052251. [PMID: 33668722 PMCID: PMC7956313 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The aging population has been rapidly growing in the United States (U.S.). In line with this trend, older adults’ mobility and transportation safety are an increasing priority. Many states have implemented driver licensure laws specific to older adults to limit driving among the elderly with driving skill decline. Evaluations of these laws have primarily focused on their safety benefits related to older drivers’ fatal crash rate or injury rate. However, very few studies investigated licensure law effects on older adults’ mobility. Objective: The objective of our study is to evaluate the association between older driver licensure laws and older adult daily traveling and passenger exposure. Methods: The 2003–2017 American Time Use Survey (ATUS) data were linked with statewide driver licensure law provisions. Adults aged 55–64 years were used as the reference group to control for the effects of non-licensure-law factors (e.g., economic trend). We used modified Poisson regressions with robust variance to estimate the relationships between licensure law provisions and the likelihoods of older men and women’s daily traveling and passenger behaviors. Results: Laws requiring a vision test at in-person renewal were associated with increased daily traveling likelihood for women aged 75 years or older, primarily as a passenger. Laws requiring a knowledge test were related to a reduced daily overall traveling likelihood for women aged 75 years or older. Conclusions: In general, licensure law provisions are not strongly related to older adults’ mobility, in particular for older male adults. Older female adults’ daily mobility may be more likely to be influenced by the change of licensure laws than older male adults. The existence of gender-based disparities in responding to licensure laws requires future studies to account for the gender difference in estimating the effects of those traffic policies on older adults’ mobility and traffic safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijun Shen
- The Center for Injury Research and Policy, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Marizen Ramirez
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Cara J. Hamann
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
- Injury Prevention Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Nichole Morris
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, HumanFIRST Laboratory, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Corinne Peek-Asa
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA;
| | - Motao Zhu
- The Center for Injury Research and Policy, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
- Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Correspondence:
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20
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E JY, Wang Z, Ssekasanvu J, Munoz B, West S, Ludigo J, Gray R, Nakigozi G, Kong X. Visual Impairment and Eye Diseases in HIV-infected People in the Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) Era in Rakai, Uganda. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2021; 28:63-69. [PMID: 32664778 PMCID: PMC7752824 DOI: 10.1080/09286586.2020.1791908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Antiretroviral therapy reduced infectious eye diseases (EDs) in HIV-infected people. There is limited data on age-related EDs and visual impairment (VI) in people living with HIV. We report prevalence of VI and spectrum of EDs in HIV-infected people in an ART era in Rakai, Uganda. METHODS A philanthropic campaign during 2009-2012 provided ophthalmic services to HIV+ patients in care. Unilateral presenting visual acuity (VA) was assessed by a trained staff in HIV clinics using a 6-m Snellen chart. A slit-lamp examination by an ophthalmologist evaluated eyes with impaired acuity. A retrospective chart review was later conducted retrieving data of patients participating the ophthalmic service. VI was defined referencing WHO's ICD-11. Ophthalmic diagnosis was summarized by VI level. Logistic regressions estimated demographic associations with cataract diagnosis. RESULTS 688 HIV+ patients were evaluated, median age was 44 (IQR: 37-50) years, 69% were female. Fifty-one percent were on ART (median duration 4, IQR: 2-5 years). Crude prevalence of moderate/severe VI and blindness were both 2%. The main diagnoses were refractive error (55%), conjunctivitis (18%), cataract (15%), and pterygium (11%). Cataract prevalences were 10%, 12%, and 26% among age groups of 19-34, 35-49, and ≥50 years, respectively. Cataract was found in 73% of the HIV+s with blindness and in 63% of those with moderate/severe VI. Older age and male sex were significantly associated with higher cataract prevalence. CONCLUSION VI in HIV+ patients in Rakai was mainly due to refractive error and cataract. Cataract was common in all age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Yu E
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Zhengfan Wang
- School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts- Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Joseph Ssekasanvu
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Beatriz Munoz
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sheila West
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Ronald Gray
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Xiangrong Kong
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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Ang MJ, Afshari NA. Cataract and systemic disease: A review. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2021; 49:118-127. [DOI: 10.1111/ceo.13892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Ang
- Shiley Eye Institute and the Viterbi Family of Ophthalmology University of California San Diego California USA
| | - Natalie A. Afshari
- Shiley Eye Institute and the Viterbi Family of Ophthalmology University of California San Diego California USA
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22
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Lee S, Yoon DW, Kim J, Suh YW, Shin C. Cataracts are Associated with the Coexistence of Moderate to Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Diabetes Mellitus. SLEEP MEDICINE RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.17241/smr.2020.00570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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23
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Common variants in SOX-2 and congenital cataract genes contribute to age-related nuclear cataract. Commun Biol 2020; 3:755. [PMID: 33311586 PMCID: PMC7733496 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01421-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear cataract is the most common type of age-related cataract and a leading cause of blindness worldwide. Age-related nuclear cataract is heritable (h2 = 0.48), but little is known about specific genetic factors underlying this condition. Here we report findings from the largest to date multi-ethnic meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (discovery cohort N = 14,151 and replication N = 5299) of the International Cataract Genetics Consortium. We confirmed the known genetic association of CRYAA (rs7278468, P = 2.8 × 10−16) with nuclear cataract and identified five new loci associated with this disease: SOX2-OT (rs9842371, P = 1.7 × 10−19), TMPRSS5 (rs4936279, P = 2.5 × 10−10), LINC01412 (rs16823886, P = 1.3 × 10−9), GLTSCR1 (rs1005911, P = 9.8 × 10−9), and COMMD1 (rs62149908, P = 1.2 × 10−8). The results suggest a strong link of age-related nuclear cataract with congenital cataract and eye development genes, and the importance of common genetic variants in maintaining crystalline lens integrity in the aging eye. Here, the authors report a multi-ethnic genome wide association meta-analysis of 12 studies from the International Cataract Genetics Consortium. They find six new loci associated with age-related nuclear cataract, in addition to replicating the association at CRYAA, and suggest a strong genetic link between age-related nuclear and congenital cataracts.
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Hugosson M, Ekström C. Prevalence and risk factors for age-related cataract in Sweden. Ups J Med Sci 2020; 125:311-315. [PMID: 32757792 PMCID: PMC7594726 DOI: 10.1080/03009734.2020.1802375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cataract is a major cause of visual impairment worldwide. There is a paucity of prevalence studies from Sweden. Therefore, we report the prevalence of cataract and its risk factors in a population-based study of older adults in Sweden. METHODS The Tierp Glaucoma Survey was conducted in the municipality of Tierp, Sweden, including 760 subjects aged 65-74 years. The presence of cataract was determined based on retroillumination, with lens opacities evident on slit-lamp examination. To assess risk factors for cataract, odds ratios (ORs) were calculated, adjusted for age and gender. RESULTS A total of 234 individuals were found to have cataract, 12 of whom had undergone cataract surgery. The prevalence adjusted for nonparticipation was 31.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] 29.4-33.6), 35.2% (95% CI 28.7-41.8) in females and 26.2% (95% CI 19.8-32.6) in males. Cataract was associated with age ≥70 years (OR 1.93; 95% CI 1.41-2.64), female gender (OR 1.54; 95% CI 1.12-2.11), and myopia (OR 2.3; 95% CI 1.16-3.56), while pseudoexfoliation, smoking, diabetes, hypertension, and ischaemic heart disease were not. CONCLUSION Nearly one-third of the sample were estimated to have lens opacities, or had undergone cataract surgery, making cataract a frequent disorder of older age. The study provided further evidence that increasing age, female gender, and myopia are associated with cataract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Hugosson
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Curt Ekström
- Department of Neuroscience, Ophthalmology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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25
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Gamulescu MA. [Gender medicine in ophthalmology : The "small difference" between women and men]. Ophthalmologe 2020; 117:831-842. [PMID: 32699941 DOI: 10.1007/s00347-020-01174-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Gender-specific or sex-specific medicine is part of "personalized" medicine. After differences in heart diseases between women and men were first identified and increasingly published in the field of cardiology since the 1980s, differences between the sexes have also become the focus of interest in other disciplines. Immunological and hormonal aspects indicate significant differences, e.g. in the severity of the disease or the response to treatment. Even in ophthalmology epidemiological differences in some diseases are known but so far these do not lead to a different approach in the practical treatment of patients. This CME article aims to raise awareness of gender medicine also in the field of ophthalmology and at the same time to promote understanding of these differences by presenting the fundamental differences between the sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-A Gamulescu
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Deutschland.
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26
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Wholegrain and legume consumption and the 5-year incidence of age-related cataract in the Blue Mountains Eye Study. Br J Nutr 2020; 124:306-315. [PMID: 32189601 DOI: 10.1017/s000711452000104x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims to investigate the effect of wholegrain and legume consumption on the incidence of age-related cataract in an older Australian population-based cohort. The Blue Mountains Eye Study (BMES) is a population-based cohort study of eye diseases among older adults aged 49 years or older (1992-1994, n 3654). Of 2334 participants of the second examination of the BMES (BMES 2, 1997-2000), 1541 (78·3 % of survivors) were examined 5 years later (BMES 3) who had wholegrain and legume consumption estimated from the FFQ at BMES 2. Cataract was assessed using photographs taken during examinations following the Wisconsin cataract grading system. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models were used to assess associations with the 5-year incidence of cataract from BMES 2 (baseline) to BMES 3. The 5-year incidence of cortical, nuclear and posterior subcapsular (PSC) cataract was 18·2, 16·5 and 5·9 %, respectively. After adjustment for age, sex and other factors, total wholegrain consumption at baseline was not associated with incidence of any type of cataract. High consumption of legumes showed a protective association for incident PSC cataract (5th quintile: adjusted OR 0·37; 95 % CI 0·15, 0·92). There was no significant trend of this association across quintiles (P = 0·08). In this older Australian population, we found no associations between wholegrain intake at baseline and the 5-year incidence of three cataract types. However, intake of legumes in the highest quintile, compared with the lowest quintile, may protect against PSC formation, a finding needing replication in other studies.
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Havstam Johansson L, Škiljić D, Falk Erhag H, Ahlner F, Pernheim C, Rydberg Sterner T, Wetterberg H, Skoog I, Zetterberg M. Vision-related quality of life and visual function in a 70-year-old Swedish population. Acta Ophthalmol 2020; 98:521-529. [PMID: 31912642 DOI: 10.1111/aos.14341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate vision-related quality of life (VRQoL), visual function and predictors of poor vision in a population of 70-year-olds. METHODS Self-reported ocular morbidity and responses to the National Eye Institute Visual Functioning Questionnaire-25 (NEI VFQ-25) in a cross-sectional population study (N = 1203) in Gothenburg, Sweden, were compared with results from ophthalmic examination (N = 560). RESULTS The most common self-reported ophthalmic morbidities were cataract (23.4%), age-related macular degeneration (AMD; 4.7%), glaucoma (4.3%) and diabetic retinopathy (1.4%). Cataract was more prevalent in women (p = 0.001). The composite score from NEI VFQ-25 for the entire cohort was 91.4 (standard deviation: 27.5). When comparing composite score for different eye diseases, persons with cataract or AMD exhibited lower scores (p = 0.029 and 0.018, respectively). Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was normal (≥0.5 decimal) in 98.9%; two individuals had low vision (<0.3). Men exhibited better BCVA (median: -0.08 logMAR) than women (-0.06; p = 0.005). Visual field defects were observed in 16.3% and uncorrected refractive errors in 61.5%. Poor vision was reported by 7.4% of participants with presenting visual acuity (PVA) ≥0.5 (decimal), while 66.7% with PVA <0.5 reported good vision. Of 27 individuals with PVA <0.5, 55.6% obtained a BCVA of ≥1.0 with the right correction. Low contrast sensitivity was a significant predictor of experiencing poor vision (p = 0.008), while PVA and visual field defects were not. CONCLUSIONS Low contrast sensitivity is a predictor of experiencing poor vision. There is a discrepancy between subjective/objective visual function and a high prevalence of uncorrected refractive errors. Women have more cataract, and men demonstrate slightly better visual acuity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Havstam Johansson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Ophthalmology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Dragana Škiljić
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Ophthalmology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Hanna Falk Erhag
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Centre for Ageing and Health (AgeCap), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Felicia Ahlner
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Centre for Ageing and Health (AgeCap), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Christina Pernheim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Therese Rydberg Sterner
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Centre for Ageing and Health (AgeCap), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hanna Wetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Centre for Ageing and Health (AgeCap), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ingmar Skoog
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Centre for Ageing and Health (AgeCap), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Madeleine Zetterberg
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Ophthalmology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
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Tan AG, Tham YC, Chee ML, Mitchell P, Cumming RG, Sabanayagam C, Wong TY, Wang JJ, Cheng C. Incidence, progression and risk factors of age‐related cataract in Malays: The Singapore Malay Eye Study. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2020; 48:580-592. [DOI: 10.1111/ceo.13757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ava Grace Tan
- Centre for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research The University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital Westmead New South Wales Australia
| | | | - Miao Li Chee
- Singapore Eye Research Institute Singapore Singapore
| | - Paul Mitchell
- Centre for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research The University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital Westmead New South Wales Australia
| | - Robert G. Cumming
- School of Public Health The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Charumathi Sabanayagam
- Singapore Eye Research Institute Singapore Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program Singapore National Eye Centre, Duke‐NUS Medical School Singapore Singapore
| | - Tien Y. Wong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute Singapore Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program Singapore National Eye Centre, Duke‐NUS Medical School Singapore Singapore
| | - Jie Jin Wang
- Centre for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research The University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital Westmead New South Wales Australia
- Health Services and Systems Research Duke‐NUS Medical School Singapore Singapore
| | - Ching‐Yu Cheng
- Singapore Eye Research Institute Singapore Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program Singapore National Eye Centre, Duke‐NUS Medical School Singapore Singapore
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29
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Sampathkumar NK, Bravo JI, Chen Y, Danthi PS, Donahue EK, Lai RW, Lu R, Randall LT, Vinson N, Benayoun BA. Widespread sex dimorphism in aging and age-related diseases. Hum Genet 2020; 139:333-356. [PMID: 31677133 PMCID: PMC7031050 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-019-02082-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although aging is a conserved phenomenon across evolutionary distant species, aspects of the aging process have been found to differ between males and females of the same species. Indeed, observations across mammalian studies have revealed the existence of longevity and health disparities between sexes, including in humans (i.e. with a female or male advantage). However, the underlying mechanisms for these sex differences in health and lifespan remain poorly understood, and it is unclear which aspects of this dimorphism stem from hormonal differences (i.e. predominance of estrogens vs. androgens) or from karyotypic differences (i.e. XX vs. XY sex chromosome complement). In this review, we discuss the state of the knowledge in terms of sex dimorphism in various aspects of aging and in human age-related diseases. Where the interplay between sex differences and age-related differences has not been explored fully, we present the state of the field to highlight important future research directions. We also discuss various dietary, drug or genetic interventions that were shown to improve longevity in a sex-dimorphic fashion. Finally, emerging tools and models that can be leveraged to decipher the mechanisms underlying sex differences in aging are also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmal K Sampathkumar
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Juan I Bravo
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Graduate Program in the Biology of Aging, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Yilin Chen
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Masters Program in Nutrition, Healthspan, and Longevity, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Prakroothi S Danthi
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Erin K Donahue
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Rochelle W Lai
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Ryan Lu
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Graduate Program in the Biology of Aging, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Lewis T Randall
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Graduate Program in the Biology of Aging, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Nika Vinson
- Department of Urology, Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - Bérénice A Benayoun
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
- USC Stem Cell Initiative, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
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30
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Truscott RJW, Friedrich MG. Molecular Processes Implicated in Human Age-Related Nuclear Cataract. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2020; 60:5007-5021. [PMID: 31791064 PMCID: PMC7043214 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.19-27535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human age-related nuclear cataract is commonly characterized by four biochemical features that involve modifications to the structural proteins that constitute the bulk of the lens: coloration, oxidation, insolubility, and covalent cross-linking. Each of these is progressive and increases as the cataract worsens. Significant progress has been made in understanding the origin of the factors that underpin the loss of lens transparency. Of these four hallmarks of cataract, it is protein-protein cross-linking that has been the most intransigent, and it is only recently, with the advent of proteomic methodology, that mechanisms are being elucidated. A diverse range of cross-linking processes involving several amino acids have been uncovered. Although other hypotheses for the etiology of cataract have been advanced, it is likely that spontaneous decomposition of the structural proteins of the lens, which do not turn over, is responsible for the age-related changes to the properties of the lens and, ultimately, for cataract. Cataract may represent the first and best characterized of a number of human age-related diseases where spontaneous protein modification leads to ongoing deterioration and, ultimately, a loss of tissue function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger J W Truscott
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Australia
| | - Michael G Friedrich
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Australia
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31
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Heruye SH, Maffofou Nkenyi LN, Singh NU, Yalzadeh D, Ngele KK, Njie-Mbye YF, Ohia SE, Opere CA. Current Trends in the Pharmacotherapy of Cataracts. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:E15. [PMID: 31963166 PMCID: PMC7168925 DOI: 10.3390/ph13010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cataracts, one of the leading causes of preventable blindness worldwide, refers to lens degradation that is characterized by clouding, with consequent blurry vision. As life expectancies improve, the number of people affected with cataracts is predicted to increase worldwide, especially in low-income nations with limited access to surgery. Although cataract surgery is considered safe, it is associated with some complications such as retinal detachment, warranting a search for cheap, pharmacological alternatives to the management of this ocular disease. The lens is richly endowed with a complex system of non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidants which scavenge reactive oxygen species to preserve lens proteins. Depletion and/or failure in this primary antioxidant defense system contributes to the damage observed in lenticular molecules and their repair mechanisms, ultimately causing cataracts. Several attempts have been made to counteract experimentally induced cataract using in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo techniques. The majority of the anti-cataract compounds tested, including plant extracts and naturally-occurring compounds, lies in their antioxidant and/or free radical scavenging and/or anti-inflammatory propensity. In addition to providing an overview of the pathophysiology of cataracts, this review focuses on the role of various categories of natural and synthetic compounds on experimentally-induced cataracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Segewkal H. Heruye
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Leonce N. Maffofou Nkenyi
- Department of Pharmacy Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Neetu U. Singh
- Department of Pharmacy Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | | | - Kalu K. Ngele
- Department of Biology/Microbiology/Biotechnology, Federal University Ndufu Alike Ikwo, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Ya-Fatou Njie-Mbye
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX 77004, USA
| | - Sunny E. Ohia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX 77004, USA
| | - Catherine A. Opere
- Department of Pharmacy Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
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32
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Adachi S, Sawada N, Yuki K, Uchino M, Iwasaki M, Tsubota K, Tsugane S. Intake of Vegetables and Fruits and the Risk of Cataract Incidence in a Japanese Population: The Japan Public Health Center-Based Prospective Study. J Epidemiol 2019; 31:21-29. [PMID: 31839643 PMCID: PMC7738640 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20190116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although the consumption of vegetables and fruits is reported to influence the risk of cataract, no prospective study of this association from Asia has yet appeared. Here, we investigated the association between vegetable and fruit intake and cataract incidence in a large-scale population-based prospective cohort study in Japan. Methods This study included 32,387 men and 39,333 women aged 45–74 years who had no past history of cataract and had completed a dietary questionnaire of the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Cohort Study. The incidence of cataract was evaluated after 5-year follow-up. We used multiple logistic regression analyses to estimate the sex-specific odds ratios (ORs), with adjustment for confounding factors. Results We identified 1,836 incident cataracts in 594 men and 1,242 women. In men, the OR for cataract was decreased with higher intake of vegetables (ORQ5 vs Q1, 0.77; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59–1.01; Ptrend across quartile categories = 0.03) and cruciferous vegetables (ORQ5 vs Q1, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.57–0.96; Ptrend = 0.02). In contrast, the OR for cataract was increased with higher intake of vegetables among women (ORQ5 vs Q1, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.06–1.53; Ptrend = 0.01). Green and yellow vegetable and fruit intake were not associated with cataract in either sex. Conclusions This study suggests that vegetables may reduce the risk of cataract in men, but not in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka Adachi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Norie Sawada
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center
| | - Kenya Yuki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Miki Uchino
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Motoki Iwasaki
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center
| | - Kazuo Tsubota
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Shoichiro Tsugane
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center
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Sonron EA, Tripathi V, Hariharan S. The Impact of Sociodemographic and Socioeconomic Factors on the Burden of Cataract in Small Island Developing States (SIDS) in the Caribbean from 1990 to 2016. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2019; 27:132-140. [PMID: 31818167 DOI: 10.1080/09286586.2019.1700534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To study the impact of sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors on the cataract burden in Caribbean small island developing states (SIDS) using disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs).Methods: National and regional age and sex specific cataract DALY numbers and rates from 1990 to 2016 for Caribbean SIDS, were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. The human development index (HDI), healthcare access and quality (HAQ) index, and the World Bank's classification of economies were used as socioeconomic status indicators. The Gini coefficient, Atkinson, Theil and concentration indices were used to measure health inequality. Paired Wilcoxon signed rank test, Pearson correlation, and linear regression analyses were performed to evaluate the sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors associated with differences in cataract burden.Results: Men had higher age-standardized DALY rates than women (P < .001) with median rates of 90.72 (Interquartile range [IQR], 87.8-94.2) and 83.94(IQR, 80.9-86.5), respectively. The burden of cataract increased with age. Upper-middle income countries had higher age-standardized DALY rates than high income countries (P < .001), with median rates of 90.1 (IQR, 86.8-93.4) and 79.8 (IQR, 77.5-81.8), respectively. Age-standardized DALY rates were inversely correlated with HDI (r = - 0.61, β = - 51.56 [P < .05]) and HAQ (r = - 0.68, β = - 0.46 [P < .01). Between-country inequality was negligible, and the burden of cataract is greater among the poor.Conclusion: Global trends of socioeconomic factors were confirmed. Significantly, men had higher age-standardized DALY rates than women. This is an area for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebiakpo-Aboere Sonron
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of the West Indies, Saint Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Vrijesh Tripathi
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of the West Indies, Saint Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Seetharaman Hariharan
- Department of Clinical Surgical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Saint Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
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Wang Z, Shan W, Li H, Feng J, Lu S, Ou B, Ma M, Ma Y. The PACAP-derived peptide MPAPO facilitates corneal wound healing by promoting corneal epithelial cell proliferation and trigeminal ganglion cell axon regeneration. Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:2676-2691. [PMID: 31754339 PMCID: PMC6854382 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.35630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well known that the cornea plays an important role in providing protection to the eye, but it is fragile and vulnerable. To clarify the biological effects and molecular mechanisms of the pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP)-derived peptide MPAPO (named MPAPO) to promote corneal wound healing, we applied a mechanical method to establish a corneal injury model and analyzed the repair effects of MPAPO on corneal injury. MPAPO significantly promoted corneal wound repair in C57BL/6 mice. In addition, we established injury models of epithelial cells and trigeminal ganglion cells with H2O2. The results show that when the concentration of MPAPO is 1 μM, it can significantly promote the repair of injured corneal epithelial cells and the regeneration of trigeminal ganglion cell axons. MPAPO repairs epithelial cells through the promotion of GSK3β phosphorylation by binding to PAC1 and activating AKT. β-catenin escapes the phosphorylation of GSK3β and enters the nucleus to promote the expression of cyclin D1, accelerate cell cycle progression and promote cell proliferation. MPAPO promotes axonal regeneration by binding to the PAC1 receptor and activating adenylate cyclase activity, followed by the cAMP activation of protein kinase A activity and the promotion of CREB phosphorylation. Phosphorylated CREB promotes Bcl2 expression and axonal regeneration. In conclusion, our data support the role of MPAPO to facilitate corneal wound healing by promoting corneal epithelial cell proliferation and trigeminal ganglion cell axon regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixian Wang
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Cellular Biology, Jinan University.,National engineering research center of genetic Medicine, Key laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine of Guangdong Province, Jinan University
| | - Wailan Shan
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Cellular Biology, Jinan University.,National engineering research center of genetic Medicine, Key laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine of Guangdong Province, Jinan University
| | - Huixian Li
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Cellular Biology, Jinan University.,National engineering research center of genetic Medicine, Key laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine of Guangdong Province, Jinan University
| | - Jia Feng
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Cellular Biology, Jinan University.,National engineering research center of genetic Medicine, Key laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine of Guangdong Province, Jinan University
| | - Shiyin Lu
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Cellular Biology, Jinan University.,National engineering research center of genetic Medicine, Key laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine of Guangdong Province, Jinan University
| | - Biqian Ou
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Cellular Biology, Jinan University.,National engineering research center of genetic Medicine, Key laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine of Guangdong Province, Jinan University
| | - Min Ma
- College of traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University
| | - Yi Ma
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Cellular Biology, Jinan University.,National engineering research center of genetic Medicine, Key laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine of Guangdong Province, Jinan University
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Tan AG, Kifley A, Flood VM, Holliday EG, Scott RJ, Cumming RG, Mitchell P, Wang JJ. Evaluating the associations between obesity and age-related cataract: a Mendelian randomization study. Am J Clin Nutr 2019; 110:969-976. [PMID: 31401654 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The obesity-cataract association has been inconsistently reported. The fat mass and obesity-related (FTO) single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs9939609 is a major SNP associated with obesity and has been used as an instrumental variable for obesity in a Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. An interaction between the FTO SNP and macronutrient intake for obesity was suggested previously. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the associations between obesity and cataract, using FTO SNP rs9939609 as an instrumental variable in an MR approach, and explore interactions of this SNP with macronutrient intake in relation to risk of cataract in a population-based cohort. METHODS The Blue Mountains Eye Study (BMES) is a longitudinal population-based study of common eye disease. Of 3654 baseline participants of the BMES (1992-1994), 2334 (75.8% of survivors) and 1952 (76.7% of survivors) were followed 5 and 10 y later. During the 5-y follow-up, 1174 new participants were examined. Cumulative cataract was defined as the presence of cortical, nuclear, or posterior subcapsular (PSC) cataract at any visit, following the Wisconsin Cataract Grading System. Imputed dosage of the FTO SNP rs9939609 was used. Quintiles of macronutrient intake (carbohydrates, protein, fats) were derived from an FFQ. ORs and 95% CIs were estimated using multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models. RESULTS After multivariable adjustment, there were no associations between BMI and any cataract types in MR models using rs9939609 as an instrumental variable. However, an interaction between rs9939609 and protein intake for PSC cataract risk was suggested (P = 0.03). In analyses stratified by quintiles of protein intake, each minor allele of rs9939609 was associated with increased odds of PSC (OR: 2.14; 95% CI: 1.27, 3.60) in the lowest quintile subgroup only. CONCLUSIONS Obesity was not causally associated with age-related cataract. However, among persons in the lowest quintile of protein intake, obesity may be associated with PSC cataract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ava Grace Tan
- Centre for Vision Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Annette Kifley
- Centre for Vision Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Victoria M Flood
- Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Westmead Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia
| | - Elizabeth G Holliday
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Rodney J Scott
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute and NSW Health Pathology, North, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Robert G Cumming
- School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Paul Mitchell
- Centre for Vision Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jie Jin Wang
- Centre for Vision Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Tan AG, Kifley A, Flood VM, Russell J, Burlutsky G, Cumming RG, Mitchell P, Wang JJ. The Combination of Healthy Diet and Healthy Body Weight Is Associated with Lower Risk of Nuclear Cataract in the Blue Mountains Eye Study. J Nutr 2019; 149:1617-1622. [PMID: 31162596 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxz103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Greater adherence to dietary guidelines has previously been found to be associated with decreased risk of visual impairment. However, whether or not this association extends to age-related cataract, 1 of the leading causes of visual impairment, is unknown. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess the association between adherence to dietary guidelines, using total diet score, and incidence of age-related cataract. METHODS Of 3654 baseline participants of the population-based Blue Mountains Eye Study cohort (1992-1994), 2334 (75.8% survivors) and 1952 (76.7% survivors) were examined after 5 and 10 y, respectively. Cataract was assessed from lens photographs using the Wisconsin Cataract Grading System. Baseline total diet score was calculated from FFQ data following a modified version of the Healthy Eating Index for Australians. OR with 95% CI were estimated using discrete logistic regression analyses, adjusting for age, sex, and other confounders. To test interaction, a cross-product term of 2 factors was included in regression models. RESULTS Of 2173 participants (84.7% of those returned for 1 or both follow-ups) with total diet score estimated, 57% were women, mean baseline age was 63.9 ± 8.4y, and mean baseline BMI was 26.3 ± 4.3 kg/m2. After multivariable adjustment, baseline total diet score was not associated with incidence of any cataract. A multiplicative interaction was observed between total diet score and BMI for incident nuclear cataract (P-interaction = 0.04): increasing baseline total diet score was associated with decreased risk of nuclear cataract among participants with BMI <25 (per unit increased total diet score, OR: 0.90; 95% CI: 0.81, 0.99; P = 0.02), but not among participants with BMI ≥25 (OR: 1.00; 95% CI: 0.92, 1.10; P = 0.95). CONCLUSIONS Adherence to dietary guidelines had no appreciable influence on cataract development overall in this older Australian population. However, adherence to dietary guidelines combined with healthy BMI is associated with decreased risk of nuclear cataract, an aging marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ava Grace Tan
- Centre for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Annette Kifley
- Centre for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Victoria M Flood
- Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Western Sydney Local Health District, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Joanna Russell
- School of Health & Society, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - George Burlutsky
- Centre for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Robert G Cumming
- School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul Mitchell
- Centre for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jie Jin Wang
- Centre for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
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Gerges MM, Arnaout MM, El Asri AC, Cummock MD, Roshdy A, Anand VK, Dinkin MJ, Oliveira C, Schwartz TH. Increased frequency of cataract surgery in patients over age 50 with pituitary macroadenomas and chiasmal compression. Pituitary 2019; 22:405-410. [PMID: 31144107 DOI: 10.1007/s11102-019-00970-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with visual loss from macroadenomas compressing their optic apparatus may also have concomitant age-related visual pathology such as cataracts. How these two pathologies interact with each other is not well documented. OBJECTIVE The interaction between these two pathologies in elderly patients is the subject of this study. METHODS We identified a series of non-functioning macroadenoma patients over age 50 years with tumors compressing the chiasm who underwent transsphenoidal surgery at our institution between 2004 and 2018. Pre- and post-operative visual complaints, tumor size and extent of resection were analyzed. Prevalence of the diagnosis of cataract and prevalence of cataract surgery in each decade were compared with national averages. RESULTS We identified 200 patients who met selection criteria. 18% of these patients had a diagnosis of cataract and 12.5% had cataract surgery. Compared with the Eye Diseases Prevalence Research Group (EDPRG) study, the prevalence of cataract surgery was 2.5 times the national average of 5.1%. 32% of these patients had no improvement in their vision after cataract surgery but 76% improved after transsphenoidal surgery. CONCLUSIONS We reported a high prevalence of cataract surgery in patients over age 50 in patients with pituitary macroadenomas compressing the optic pathway compared with national averages in patients without adenomas. While visual loss from adenoma likely precipitated more cataract surgeries in this group of patients, some who may not have required it, those patients with cataracts who did not have their cataracts extracted were less likely to recover vision after transsphenoidal surgery. Addressing both pathologies is beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina M Gerges
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, USA
| | - Mohamed M Arnaout
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Sharqia, Egypt
| | - Abad Cherif El Asri
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Military hospital Mohamed V, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Matthew D Cummock
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, St. Barnabas Medical Center, Livingston, New Jersey, USA
| | - Ahmed Roshdy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Vijay K Anand
- Department of Otolaryngology, Weill Cornell Medicine, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, USA
| | - Marc J Dinkin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Weill Cornell Medicine, NewYork-Presbyteian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cristiano Oliveira
- Department of Ophthalmology, Weill Cornell Medicine, NewYork-Presbyteian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Theodore H Schwartz
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, USA.
- Department of Otolaryngology, Weill Cornell Medicine, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Weill Cornell Medicine, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, USA.
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Dai W, Tham YC, Chee ML, Majithia S, Poh S, Tan AG, Tao Y, Wang JJ, Cheng CY. Systemic medications and cortical cataract: the Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Diseases Study. Br J Ophthalmol 2019; 104:330-335. [PMID: 31272959 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2019-314256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS To evaluate the association between systemic medications and cortical cataract prevalence in an Asian population. METHODS The Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Diseases Study recruited 10 033 Chinese, Malay and Indian residents aged 40+ years living in Singapore. Information on medication use was collected at interview using questionnaires. The presence and severity of cortical cataract were assessed from lens photographs using the modified Wisconsin Cataract Grading System. Associations between medications and the presence of cortical cataract were assessed using logistic regression. Associations between medications and greater severity of cortical cataract (none, minimal, early and late) were assessed using ordinal logistic regression. RESULTS A total of 8965 participants were included, the mean age was 57.6 (SD=9.8) years, and 4555 (50.8%) were women. After adjusting for age, gender, ethnicity, body mass index, smoking status, socioeconomic status, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, diabetes, duration of diabetes and cardiovascular disease, ACE inhibitors (OR=1.27; 95% CI 1.05 to 1.55), fibrates (OR=1.57; 95% CI 1.05 to 2.35), alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (AGIs) (OR=1.85; 95% CI 1.13 to 3.02) and insulin (OR=1.80; 95% CI 1.11 to 2.93) were significantly associated with the presence of cortical cataract. Further adjusting for concurrent medication use did not alter these associations. Consistently, the four medications were also associated with a greater severity level of cortical cataract. CONCLUSION ACE inhibitors, fibrates and AGIs were associated with increased prevalence of cortical cataract in this Asian population, independent of the presence of hypertension, hyperlipidaemia and diabetes, respectively. Whether they contribute to the risk of cortical cataract needs confirmation in longitudinal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Dai
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yih Chung Tham
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Miao Li Chee
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shivani Majithia
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Stanley Poh
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ava Grace Tan
- Centre for Vision Research,Department of Ophthalmology, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yijin Tao
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Ophthalmology, The First AffiliatedHospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jie Jin Wang
- Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ching-Yu Cheng
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore .,Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National Universityof Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (EyeACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
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40
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Bomotti S, Lau B, Klein BEK, Lee KE, Klein R, Duggal P, Klein AP. Refraction and Change in Refraction Over a 20-Year Period in the Beaver Dam Eye Study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 59:4518-4524. [PMID: 30208419 PMCID: PMC6133235 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-23914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Hyperopic shifts in refraction have been consistently reported in adults over 40, followed by myopic shifts after age 70. Although potential factors underlying these changes in refraction in older adults have been investigated previously, the studies were restricted by the limited longitudinal data available. The authors of this study sought to better characterize the long-term trajectory of refraction in older adults using 20 years of prospective data. Methods The impact of cohort effects on refraction over 20 years was examined. Generalized estimating equations were used to evaluate the etiologic factors underlying refraction and changes in refraction measured over a 20-year period (1988–2010) among adults over age 40 from the Beaver Dam Eye Study. Results Only individuals with nuclear cataract experienced a myopic shift in refraction, showing a 0.25 diopter (D) decrease (95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.44 D to −0.07 D) over a five-year period. Individuals with mild and moderate nuclear sclerosis showed varying degrees of hyperopic shifts over five years (0.22 D: 95% CI: 0.20 D–0.25 D; 0.23 D: 95% CI: 0.20 D–0.27 D, respectively). Conclusions Nuclear cataract is the primary contributor to the myopic shift among older individuals. Birth cohort effects on baseline refraction but not change in refraction were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Bomotti
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Bryan Lau
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Barbara E K Klein
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Kristine E Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Ronald Klein
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Priya Duggal
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Alison P Klein
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States.,Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States.,Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
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Tan AG, Kifley A, Holliday EG, Klein BEK, Iyengar SK, Lee KE, Jun GR, Cumming RG, Zhao W, Wong TY, Cheng CY, Mitchell P, Wang JJ. Aldose Reductase Polymorphisms, Fasting Blood Glucose, and Age-Related Cortical Cataract. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 59:4755-4762. [PMID: 30267098 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-24353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To determine whether there is an association between polymorphisms of the AKR1B1 gene and cortical cataract in the presence of hyperglycemia. Methods In the second cross section of the Blue Mountains Eye Study (BMES), 3508 participants (2334 at 5-year follow-up and 1174 newly recruited participants) were examined during 1997 to 2000. Cataract was graded from lens photographs using the Wisconsin Cataract Grading System. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) was measured. Continuous imputed dosages of minor alleles of 17 AKR1B1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were assessed for associations with prevalent cortical cataract. Gene-environment interactions between SNPs and FBG were examined. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for prevalent cortical cataract were estimated using logistic regression adjusting for age, sex, smoking, hypertension, education, and myopia. A P value of 0.005 was considered statistically significant after correction for 10 independent tests. Replication of significant associations found in the BMES sample was conducted in the Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Diseases (SEED) study (n = 10,033). Results No polymorphism was associated with prevalent cortical cataract. A significant interaction was observed between rs9640883 and FBG (Pinteraction = 0.004), with increased cortical cataract prevalence associated with rs9640883 minor allele dosage in those with FBG >6.0 mM (strata-specific OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.09-2.72). No similar association was found in participants with normal FBG (OR 0.85, 95% CI 0.69-1.04). This interaction was not evident in the SEED study. Conclusions The identified interaction between rs9640883 and FBG in relation to cortical cataract was not replicated but may warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ava Grace Tan
- Centre for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Annette Kifley
- Centre for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Elizabeth G Holliday
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Barbara E K Klein
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Sudha K Iyengar
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Eye Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, United States.,Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Kristine E Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Gyungah R Jun
- Biomedical Genetics Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Robert G Cumming
- School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Wanting Zhao
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore.,Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Tien Yin Wong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore.,Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.,Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ching-Yu Cheng
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore.,Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Paul Mitchell
- Centre for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jie Jin Wang
- Centre for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.,Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
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Keel S, McGuiness MB, Foreman J, Taylor HR, Dirani M. The prevalence of visually significant cataract in the Australian National Eye Health Survey. Eye (Lond) 2019; 33:957-964. [PMID: 30755727 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-019-0354-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the prevalence of visually significant cataract in Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians. METHODS A total of 3098 non-Indigenous Australians aged 50 years and over and 1738 Indigenous Australians aged 40 years and over, residing in 30 randomly selected Australian sites, were examined as part of the population-based National Eye Health Survey (NEHS). For those with visual acuity worse than 6/12, photos of the anterior and posterior segment were taken with a nonmydriatic fundus camera and assessed for cataract. Visually significant cataract was assigned in eyes with best-corrected visual acuity worse than 6/12 and cataract that was determined to be the primary cause of vision loss in that eye. RESULTS In total, 99.2% (4797/4836) participants had complete data for visual acuity and cataract assessment. The overall weighted prevalence of visually significant cataract was 2.7% (95% CI: 2.0, 3.5) in non-Indigenous Australians and 4.3% (95% CI: 3.1, 5.9) among Indigenous Australians. After adjusting for age and gender, the odds of visually significant cataract were almost three times higher among Indigenous participants compared to non-Indigenous participants (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 2.95, 95% CI: 2.03, 4.29). Only 54.8% of non-Indigenous Australians and 38.9% of Indigenous Australians with visually significant cataract self-reported a known history of cataract. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that continued efforts are required to build sustainable cataract surgery services within Indigenous communities. Furthermore, given the significant ageing of the Australian population, maintaining high cataract surgery rates amongst the non-Indigenous population is critical to reduce cataract-related vision loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart Keel
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye & Ear Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Department of Surgery, Ophthalmology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Myra B McGuiness
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye & Ear Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Surgery, Ophthalmology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Joshua Foreman
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye & Ear Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Surgery, Ophthalmology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Hugh R Taylor
- Indigenous Eye Health Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mohamed Dirani
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye & Ear Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
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Cataractogenic load – A concept to study the contribution of ionizing radiation to accelerated aging in the eye lens. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2019; 779:68-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Irie H, Chubachi S, Sato M, Sasaki M, Kameyama N, Inoue T, Oyamada Y, Nakamura H, Asano K, Betsuyaku T. Impact of cataract on health-related quality of life in a longitudinal Japanese chronic obstructive pulmonary cohort. Chron Respir Dis 2018; 15:329-338. [PMID: 29232989 PMCID: PMC6234576 DOI: 10.1177/1479972317745735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking increases the risk of developing both cataract and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The prevalence of cataract and the clinical characteristics of COPD patients with cataract were retrospectively investigated in a 2-year observational COPD cohort. We analyzed 395 patients with complete data on ophthalmologic evaluation (319 subjects with COPD and 76 subjects at risk of COPD). There was no difference in the prevalence of cataract between COPD patients and those at risk (47.0% vs. 42.1%, p = 0.44). Age ≥ 75 years, low body mass index, and hypertension were independently associated with cataract as a comorbidity in COPD. The incidence of exacerbation within 2 years was significantly higher in COPD patients with cataract than those without cataract (36.6% vs. 18.3%, p = 0.0019). COPD patients with cataract exhibited significantly higher COPD assessment test score compared to those without cataract (13.7 ± 8.9 vs. 11.5 ± 7.2, p = 0.0240). Overall St George's Respiratory Questionnaire score and each component were significantly worse in COPD patients with cataract compared to those without cataract. COPD patients with cataract exhibited poor health-related quality of life and frequent exacerbations. The association between cataract and exacerbations of COPD deserves further attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidehiro Irie
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University
School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shotaro Chubachi
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University
School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minako Sato
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University
School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mamoru Sasaki
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University
School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naofumi Kameyama
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University
School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Inoue
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sano Kousei General Hospital, Sano,
Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Oyamada
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Tokyo
Medical Center, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Nakamura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Iruma-gun,
Saitama, Japan
| | - Koichiro Asano
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Tokai University
School of Medicine, Isehara-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tomoko Betsuyaku
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University
School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Relationship Between Race, Insurance Coverage, and Visual Acuity at the Time of Cataract Surgery. Eye Contact Lens 2018; 44:393-398. [DOI: 10.1097/icl.0000000000000443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Song P, Wang H, Theodoratou E, Chan KY, Rudan I. The national and subnational prevalence of cataract and cataract blindness in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Glob Health 2018. [PMID: 29977532 PMCID: PMC6005639 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.08-010804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cataract is the second leading cause of visual impairment and the first of blindness globally. However, for the most populous country, China, much remains to be understood about the scale of cataract and cataract blindness. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of cataract and cataract blindness in China at both the national and subnational levels, with projections till 2050. Methods In this systematic review and meta-analysis, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, Chinese Biomedicine Literature Database (CBM-SinoMed), PubMed, Embase, and Medline were searched using a comprehensive search strategy to identify all relevant articles on the prevalence of cataract or cataract blindness in Chinese population published from January 1990 onwards. We fitted a multilevel mixed-effects meta-regression model to estimate the prevalence of cataract, and a random-effects meta-analysis model to pool the overall prevalence of cataract blindness. The United Nations Population Division (UNPD) data were used to estimate and project the number of people with cataract and cataract blindness from 1990 to 2050. According to different demographic and geographic features in the six geographic regions in China, the national numbers of people with cataract in the years 2000 and 2010 were distributed to each region. Results In males, the prevalence of any cataract (including post-surgical cases) ranged from 6.71% (95% CI = 5.06-8.83) in people aged 45-49 years to 73.01% (95% CI = 65.78-79.2) in elderly aged 85-89 years. In females, the prevalence of any cataract increased from 8.39% (95% CI = 6.36-10.98) in individuals aged 45-49 years to 77.51% (95% CI = 71.00-82.90) in those aged 85-89 years. For age-related cataract (ARC, including post-surgical cases), in males, the prevalence rates ranged from 3.23% (95% CI = 1.51-6.80) in adults aged 45-49 years to 65.78% (95% CI = 46.72-80.82) in those aged 85-89 years. The prevalence of ARC in females was 4.72% (95% CI = 2.22-9.76) in the 45-49 years age group and 74.03% (95% CI = 56.53-86.21) in the 85–89 years age group. The pooled prevalence rate of cataract blindness (including post-surgical cases) by best corrected visual acuity (BCVA)<0.05 among middle-aged and older Chinese was 2.30% (95% CI = 1.72-3.07), and those of cataract blindness by BCVA<0.10 and cataract blindness by presenting visual acuity (PVA)<0.10 were 2.56% (95% CI = 1.94-3.38) and 4.51% (95% CI = 3.53-5.75) respectively. In people aged 45-89 years, the number of any cataract cases was 50.75 million (95% CI = 42.17-60.37) in 1990 and 111.74 million (95% CI = 92.94-132.84) in 2015, and that of ARC rose from 35.77 million (95% CI = 19.81-59.55) in 1990 to 79.04 million (95% CI = 44.14-130.85) in 2015. By 2050, it is projected that the number of people (45-89 years of age) affected by any cataract will be 240.83 million (95% CI = 206.07-277.35), and that of those with ARC will be 187.26 million (95% CI = 113.17-281.23). During 2000 and 2010, South Central China consistently owed the most cases of any cataract, whereas Northwest China the least. Conclusions The prevalence of cataract and cataract blindness in China was unmasked. In the coming decades, cataract and cataract blindness will continue to be a leading public-health issue in China due to the ageing population. Future work should be prioritized to the promotion of high-quality epidemiological studies on cataract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peige Song
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - He Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Evropi Theodoratou
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Kit Yee Chan
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Igor Rudan
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
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Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the current surgical options available for the management of large (>400 μm), recurrent, or persistent macular holes (MHs). METHODS A review of the literature was performed, focusing on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and surgical treatments of large, recurrent, or persistent MHs. Based on this review, a comprehensive overview was provided regarding the topic of large, recurrent, or persistent MHs and focused on recent surgical management updates. RESULTS For large MHs, variations of the inverted internal limiting membrane flap technique demonstrated promising rates of primary hole closure and significant visual acuity improvements. For recurrent or recalcitrant MHs, early repeat vitrectomy with extension of the internal limiting membrane peel remains the most straightforward and optimal surgical technique to achieve secondary closure. Regardless of the surgical approach, the goal of each technique described is to induce or aid in stimulating gliosis within the MH to maximize closure. CONCLUSION Despite the high success rate of modern MH surgery, large, recurrent, or persistent MHs remain a challenge for retinal surgeons. This review provides a detailed summary on the rationality and efficacy of current surgical options.
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Song P, Wang H, Theodoratou E, Chan KY, Rudan I. The national and subnational prevalence of cataract and cataract blindness in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Glob Health 2018. [PMID: 29977532 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.08‐010804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cataract is the second leading cause of visual impairment and the first of blindness globally. However, for the most populous country, China, much remains to be understood about the scale of cataract and cataract blindness. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of cataract and cataract blindness in China at both the national and subnational levels, with projections till 2050. Methods In this systematic review and meta-analysis, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, Chinese Biomedicine Literature Database (CBM-SinoMed), PubMed, Embase, and Medline were searched using a comprehensive search strategy to identify all relevant articles on the prevalence of cataract or cataract blindness in Chinese population published from January 1990 onwards. We fitted a multilevel mixed-effects meta-regression model to estimate the prevalence of cataract, and a random-effects meta-analysis model to pool the overall prevalence of cataract blindness. The United Nations Population Division (UNPD) data were used to estimate and project the number of people with cataract and cataract blindness from 1990 to 2050. According to different demographic and geographic features in the six geographic regions in China, the national numbers of people with cataract in the years 2000 and 2010 were distributed to each region. Results In males, the prevalence of any cataract (including post-surgical cases) ranged from 6.71% (95% CI = 5.06-8.83) in people aged 45-49 years to 73.01% (95% CI = 65.78-79.2) in elderly aged 85-89 years. In females, the prevalence of any cataract increased from 8.39% (95% CI = 6.36-10.98) in individuals aged 45-49 years to 77.51% (95% CI = 71.00-82.90) in those aged 85-89 years. For age-related cataract (ARC, including post-surgical cases), in males, the prevalence rates ranged from 3.23% (95% CI = 1.51-6.80) in adults aged 45-49 years to 65.78% (95% CI = 46.72-80.82) in those aged 85-89 years. The prevalence of ARC in females was 4.72% (95% CI = 2.22-9.76) in the 45-49 years age group and 74.03% (95% CI = 56.53-86.21) in the 85-89 years age group. The pooled prevalence rate of cataract blindness (including post-surgical cases) by best corrected visual acuity (BCVA)<0.05 among middle-aged and older Chinese was 2.30% (95% CI = 1.72-3.07), and those of cataract blindness by BCVA<0.10 and cataract blindness by presenting visual acuity (PVA)<0.10 were 2.56% (95% CI = 1.94-3.38) and 4.51% (95% CI = 3.53-5.75) respectively. In people aged 45-89 years, the number of any cataract cases was 50.75 million (95% CI = 42.17-60.37) in 1990 and 111.74 million (95% CI = 92.94-132.84) in 2015, and that of ARC rose from 35.77 million (95% CI = 19.81-59.55) in 1990 to 79.04 million (95% CI = 44.14-130.85) in 2015. By 2050, it is projected that the number of people (45-89 years of age) affected by any cataract will be 240.83 million (95% CI = 206.07-277.35), and that of those with ARC will be 187.26 million (95% CI = 113.17-281.23). During 2000 and 2010, South Central China consistently owed the most cases of any cataract, whereas Northwest China the least. Conclusions The prevalence of cataract and cataract blindness in China was unmasked. In the coming decades, cataract and cataract blindness will continue to be a leading public-health issue in China due to the ageing population. Future work should be prioritized to the promotion of high-quality epidemiological studies on cataract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peige Song
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - He Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Evropi Theodoratou
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Kit Yee Chan
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Igor Rudan
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
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Song P, Wang H, Theodoratou E, Chan KY, Rudan I. The national and subnational prevalence of cataract and cataract blindness in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Glob Health 2018; 8:010804. [DOI: 10.7189/jogh.08.010804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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50
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Schweitzer C. La cataracte, une pathologie courante. ACTUALITES PHARMACEUTIQUES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actpha.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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