1
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Nayem J, Sarker R, Roknuzzaman ASM, Qusar MMAS, Raihan SZ, Islam MR, Mahmud ZA. Altered serum TNF-α and MCP-4 levels are associated with the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder: A case-control study results. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294288. [PMID: 37967104 PMCID: PMC10651034 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a debilitating mental health condition with complex etiology, and recent research has focused on pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines as potential contributors to its pathogenesis. However, studies investigating the roles of TNF-α and MCP-4 in MDD within the Bangladeshi population are scarce. This study aimed to assess the association between serum TNF-α and MCP-4 levels and the severity of MDD, exploring their potential as risk indicators for MDD development. METHODS This case-control study enrolled 58 MDD patients from Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh, alongside 30 age, sex, and BMI-matched healthy controls. MDD diagnosis followed DSM-5 criteria and disease severity using the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (Ham-D). We measured serum TNF-α and MCP-4 levels using ELISA assays according to the supplied protocols. RESULTS The study revealed significantly elevated serum TNF-α levels in MDD patients (47±6.6 pg/ml, mean±SEM) compared to controls (28.06±1.07 pg/ml). These increased TNF-α levels positively correlated with Ham-D scores (Pearson's r = 0.300, p = 0.038), suggesting a potential association between peripheral TNF-α levels and MDD pathology. Additionally, MDD patients exhibited significantly higher serum MCP-4 levels (70.49±6.45 pg/ml) than controls (40.21±4.08 pg/ml). However, serum MCP-4 levels showed a significant negative correlation (r = -0.270, P = 0.048) with Ham-D scores in MDD patients, indicating a more complex role for MCP-4 in MDD pathogenesis. CONCLUSION This study highlights that Bangladeshi MDD patients exhibit heightened inflammatory and immune responses compared to controls, supporting the cytokine hypothesis in MDD pathogenesis. Serum TNF-α, but not MCP-4, shows promise as a potential biomarker for assessing the risk of MDD development, which could aid in early detection. Future investigations involving larger populations and longitudinal studies are essential to confirm the utility of these cytokines as biomarkers for MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannatul Nayem
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Rapty Sarker
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Sheikh Zahir Raihan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Zobaer Al Mahmud
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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2
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Fettelschoss V, Olomski F, Birkmann K, Kündig TM, Bergvall K, Fettelschoss‐Gabriel A. Interleukin 31 and targeted vaccination in a case series of six horses with chronic pruritus. EQUINE VET EDUC 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- V. Fettelschoss
- Department of Dermatology University Hospital Zurich SchlierenSwitzerland
- Faculty of Medicine University of Zurich ZurichSwitzerland
- Evax AG MünchwilenSwitzerland
| | - F. Olomski
- Department of Dermatology University Hospital Zurich SchlierenSwitzerland
- Faculty of Medicine University of Zurich ZurichSwitzerland
- Evax AG MünchwilenSwitzerland
| | | | - T. M. Kündig
- Faculty of Medicine University of Zurich ZurichSwitzerland
- Department of Dermatology University Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - K. Bergvall
- Department of Clinical Sciences Swedish University of Agriculture Uppsala Sweden
| | - A. Fettelschoss‐Gabriel
- Department of Dermatology University Hospital Zurich SchlierenSwitzerland
- Faculty of Medicine University of Zurich ZurichSwitzerland
- Evax AG MünchwilenSwitzerland
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3
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Olomski F, Fettelschoss V, Jonsdottir S, Birkmann K, Thoms F, Marti E, Bachmann MF, Kündig TM, Fettelschoss‐Gabriel A. Interleukin 31 in insect bite hypersensitivity-Alleviating clinical symptoms by active vaccination against itch. Allergy 2020; 75:862-871. [PMID: 31816097 PMCID: PMC7217000 DOI: 10.1111/all.14145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insect bite hypersensitivity (IBH) is the most common seasonal pruritic allergic dermatitis of horses occurring upon insect bites. In recent years, a major role for IL-31 in allergic pruritus of humans, monkeys, dogs, and mice was acknowledged. Here, we investigate the role of IL-31 in IBH of horses and developed a therapeutic vaccine against equine IL-31 (eIL-31). METHODS IL-31 levels were quantified in allergen-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and skin punch biopsies of IBH lesions and healthy skin from IBH-affected and healthy horses. The vaccine consisted of eIL-31 covalently coupled to a virus-like particle (VLP) derived from cucumber mosaic virus containing a tetanus toxoid universal T-cell epitope (CuMVTT). Eighteen IBH-affected horses were recruited and immunized with 300 μg of eIL-31-CuMVTT vaccine or placebo and IBH severity score was recorded. RESULTS IL-31 was increased in PBMCs and exclusively detectable in skin lesions of IBH-affected horses. Vaccination against eIL-31 reduced delta clinical scores when compared to previous untreated IBH season of the same horses and to placebo-treated horses in the same year. The vaccine was well tolerated without safety concerns throughout the study. CONCLUSION TH2-derived IL-31 is involved in IBH pathology and accordingly the immunotherapeutic vaccination approach targeting IL-31 alleviated clinical scores in affected horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Olomski
- Department of Dermatology University Hospital Zurich Schlieren Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Victoria Fettelschoss
- Department of Dermatology University Hospital Zurich Schlieren Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
- Evax AG Münchwilen Switzerland
| | - Sigridur Jonsdottir
- Department for Clinical Research VPH Clinical Immunology Group Vetsuisse Faculty of the University of Bern Bern Switzerland
| | | | - Franziska Thoms
- Department of Dermatology University Hospital Zurich Schlieren Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Eliane Marti
- Department for Clinical Research VPH Clinical Immunology Group Vetsuisse Faculty of the University of Bern Bern Switzerland
| | - Martin F. Bachmann
- RIA Immunology Inselspital University of Bern Bern Switzerland
- Nuffield Department of Medicine The Jenner Institute The Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology University of Oxford Oxford UK
| | - Thomas M. Kündig
- Faculty of Medicine University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
- Department of Dermatology University Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Antonia Fettelschoss‐Gabriel
- Department of Dermatology University Hospital Zurich Schlieren Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
- Evax AG Münchwilen Switzerland
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4
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Brosnahan MM. Eosinophils of the horse: Part II: Eosinophils in clinical diseases. EQUINE VET EDUC 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. M. Brosnahan
- College of Veterinary Medicine Midwestern University Glendale Arizona USA
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5
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Schnabel CL, Wemette M, Babasyan S, Freer H, Baldwin C, Wagner B. C-C motif chemokine ligand (CCL) production in equine peripheral blood mononuclear cells identified by newly generated monoclonal antibodies. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2018; 204:28-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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6
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Brosnahan MM. Eosinophils of the horse: Part I: Development, distribution, structure and biochemical mediators. EQUINE VET EDUC 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.12984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. M. Brosnahan
- College of Veterinary Medicine Midwestern University Glendale Arizona USA
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7
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Rötting AK, Freeman DE, Constable PD, Eurell JAC, Wallig MA. Effects of ischemia and reperfusion on eosinophilic accumulation and distribution in mucosa of equine jejunum and colon. Am J Vet Res 2017; 77:534-9. [PMID: 27111021 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.77.5.534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the eosinophilic response in intestinal mucosa of horses with intestinal ischemia and reperfusion or with strangulation of the jejunum or colon. SAMPLE Mucosal samples from horses with naturally occurring strangulation (n = 24 horses) or distention (n = 6) of the jejunum or colon (11), with experimentally induced ischemia and reperfusion of the jejunum (6) or colon (15), or that were euthanized for reasons other than gastrointestinal tract disease (13). PROCEDURES Mucosal samples were collected and grouped by type of intestinal injury. Slides were stained with Luna eosinophil stain and histologically examined to determine eosinophil accumulation and distribution. Number of eosinophils per mm(2) of mucosa was calculated as a measure of eosinophil accumulation. Additionally, mucosa was categorized into 5 regions; the percentage of eosinophils in each of the 5 regions, relative to the total eosinophil count in all regions, was determined. RESULTS Eosinophil migration toward and onto the luminal surface was evident in tissues after ischemia and reperfusion and after naturally occurring strangulating disease of the jejunum and colon, as indicated by a decrease in the number of eosinophils near the muscularis mucosa and an increase in the number of eosinophils on or near the luminal surface. Ischemia alone did not change eosinophil distribution in the jejunum or colon. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Eosinophils responded to mucosal damage evoked by ischemia and reperfusion by migration toward and onto the luminal surface. This migration could represent an important component of the inflammatory response to injury in equine gastrointestinal mucosa.
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8
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Hoadley ME, Hopkins SJ. Overcoming matrix matching problems in multiplex cytokine assays. J Immunol Methods 2013; 396:157-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2013.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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9
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Widdison S, Coffey TJ. Cattle and chemokines: evidence for species-specific evolution of the bovine chemokine system. Anim Genet 2011; 42:341-53. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2011.02200.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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10
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Nguyen Hoang AT, Liu H, Juaréz J, Aziz N, Kaye PM, Svensson M. Stromal cell-derived CXCL12 and CCL8 cooperate to support increased development of regulatory dendritic cells following Leishmania infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 185:2360-71. [PMID: 20624948 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0903673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In the immune system, stromal cells provide specialized niches that control hematopoiesis by coordinating the production of chemokines, adhesion molecules, and growth factors. Stromal cells also have anti-inflammatory effects, including support for the differentiation of hematopoietic progenitors into dendritic cells (DCs) with immune regulatory properties. Together, these observations suggest that the alterations in hematopoiesis commonly seen in infectious disease models, such as experimental visceral leishmaniasis in mice, might result from altered stromal cell function. We report in this study that the stromal cell-derived chemokines CXCL12 and CCL8 cooperate to attract hematopoietic progenitors with the potential to differentiate into regulatory DCs. We also show that infection of murine bone marrow stromal cells by Leishmania donovani enhanced their capacity to support the development of regulatory DCs, as well as their capacity to produce CCL8. Likewise, in experimental visceral leishmaniasis, CCL8 production was induced in splenic stromal cells, leading to an enhanced capacity to attract hematopoietic progenitor cells. Thus, intracellular parasitism of stromal cells modifies their capacity to recruit and support hematopoietic progenitor differentiation into regulatory DCs, and aberrant expression of CCL8 by diseased stromal tissue may be involved in the switch from resolving to persistent infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh Thu Nguyen Hoang
- Department of Medicine, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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11
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Rötting AK, Freeman DE, Constable PD, Moore RM, Eurell JC, Wallig MA, Hubert JD. The effects of Strongylus vulgaris parasitism on eosinophil distribution and accumulation in equine large intestinal mucosa. Equine Vet J 2008; 40:379-84. [PMID: 18482896 DOI: 10.2746/042516408x295464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY Eosinophilic granulocytes have been associated with parasite or immune-mediated diseases, but their functions in other disease processes remain unclear. Cause and timing of eosinophil migration into the equine gastrointestinal mucosa are also unknown. OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of intestinal parasitism on eosinophils in equine large intestinal mucosa. METHODS Large intestinal mucosal samples were collected from horses and ponies (n = 16) from the general veterinary hospital population, ponies (n = 3) raised in a parasite-free environment, ponies experimentally infected with 500 infective Strongylus vulgaris larvae and treated with a proprietary anthelmintic drug (n = 14), and a similar group of ponies (n = 7) that received no anthelmintic treatment. Total eosinophil counts and eosinophil distribution in the mucosa were determined by histological examination. A mixed model analysis was performed and appropriate Bonferroni adjusted P values used for each family of comparisons. P<0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS There was no difference in large intestinal mucosal eosinophil counts and eosinophil distribution between ponies infected with S. vulgaris and those raised in a parasite-free environment. Experimental infection with S. vulgaris, with or without subsequent anthelmintic treatment, did not change eosinophil counts, and counts were similar to those for horses from the general population. CONCLUSIONS Migration of eosinophils to the equine large intestinal mucosa appears to be independent of exposure to parasites. Large intestinal mucosal eosinophils may have more functions in addition to their role in defence against parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Rötting
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
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12
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Rötting AK, Freeman DE, Constable PD, Eurell JAC, Wallig MA. Mucosal distribution of eosinophilic granulocytes within the gastrointestinal tract of horses. Am J Vet Res 2008; 69:874-9. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.69.7.874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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13
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Cunningham FM, Dunkel B. Equine recurrent airway obstruction and insect bite hypersensitivity: understanding the diseases and uncovering possible new therapeutic approaches. Vet J 2007; 177:334-44. [PMID: 18023376 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2007.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2007] [Revised: 10/02/2007] [Accepted: 10/03/2007] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) and insect bite hypersensitivity (IBH) are allergic conditions that are commonly encountered in the horse. Whilst complete allergen avoidance is an effective management strategy for both diseases, this may not be achievable in all cases and treatment options are therefore required. The inflammatory response is the main therapeutic target for glucocorticoids given to horses with RAO and severe cases of IBH, whilst the bronchodilators used in RAO primarily target airway smooth muscle. Such drugs are effective in most but not all individuals and there may be unwanted adverse effects. This article will review how knowledge of drug action and the pathogenesis of RAO and IBH can be utilised to identify potential targets for novel therapeutic agents that, in the longer term, may be safer and/or more effective in managing the allergic horse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona M Cunningham
- Department of Veterinary Basic Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK.
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14
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Van de Walle GR, May ML, Sukhumavasi W, von Einem J, Osterrieder N. Herpesvirus Chemokine-Binding Glycoprotein G (gG) Efficiently Inhibits Neutrophil Chemotaxis In Vitro and In Vivo. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 179:4161-9. [PMID: 17785855 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.6.4161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Glycoprotein G (gG) of alphaherpesviruses has been described to function as a viral chemokine-binding protein (vCKBP). More recently, mutant viruses devoid of gG have been shown to result in increased virulence, but it remained unclear whether the potential of gG to serve as a vCKBP is responsible for this observation. In this study, we used equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) as a model to study the pathophysiological importance of vCKBP activity. First, in vitro chemotaxis assays studying migration of immune cells, an important function of chemokines, were established. In such assays, supernatants of EHV-1-infected cells significantly inhibited IL-8-induced chemotaxis of equine neutrophils. Identification of gG as the responsible vCKBP was achieved by repeating similar experiments with supernatants from cells infected with a gG-negative mutant, which were unable to alter IL-8-induced equine neutrophil migration. Furthermore, rEHV-1 gG was able to significantly reduce neutrophil migration, establishing gG as a bona fide vCKBP. Second, and importantly, in vivo analyses in a murine model of EHV-1 infection showed that neutrophil migration in the target organ lung was significantly reduced in the presence of gG. In summary, we demonstrate for the first time that EHV-1 gG not only binds to chemokines but is also capable of inhibiting their chemotactic function both in vitro and in vivo, thereby contributing to viral pathogenesis and virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerlinde R Van de Walle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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15
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Weston MC, Cunningham FM, Collins ME. Distribution of CCR3 mRNA expression in horse tissues. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2006; 114:238-46. [PMID: 16979246 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2006.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2006] [Revised: 06/16/2006] [Accepted: 08/09/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
CCL11 (also known as eotaxin) is a very potent and selective mediator of eosinophil migration which exerts its effects through its receptor, CCR3. In this study we report the cloning of an equine CCR3 cDNA sequence and investigation of the localization of CCR3 mRNA expression in horse tissues. Equine CCR3 displayed high levels of sequence identity with CCR3 sequences in other species. RT-PCR analysis revealed the expression of CCR3 in colon, lung and spleen of normal horses. In situ hybridisation experiments indicated that expression of CCR3 mRNA in colon was predominantly in eosinophils and to a lesser extent in mast cells, whereas CCR3 was seen mainly in lymphocytes of the lung and spleen. In view of the role of CCR3 in the recruitment of cells into sites of allergic inflammation, equine-specific CCR3 sequence data and information on tissue localization will be of potential benefit in the development of CCR3-targeted anti-inflammatory therapies in the horse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie C Weston
- Department of Veterinary Basic Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK.
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16
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Gounni Abdelilah S, Wellemans V, Agouli M, Guenounou M, Hamid Q, Beck LA, Lamkhioued B. Increased expression of Th2-associated chemokines in bullous pemphigoid disease. Role of eosinophils in the production and release of these chemokines. Clin Immunol 2006; 120:220-31. [PMID: 16782408 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2006.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2005] [Revised: 03/14/2006] [Accepted: 03/19/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bullous pemphigoid is an inflammatory disease of the skin associated with eosinophil infiltration and the presence of high levels of Th2 cytokines in the associated blister fluid. Little is known about the contribution of chemokines in this disease. We found that eotaxin and MCP-4 mRNA and immunoreactivity were expressed in all biopsies of BP patients and were mainly localized to the epidermis and eosinophils. The expression of eotaxin and MCP-4 was enhanced in eosinophils following IL-5 treatment. Subsequent stimulation of IL-5-primed eosinophils with Ig-immune complexes, results in increase secretion of eotaxin and MCP-4 in the supernatants. Using immunostaining, these two chemokines were localized to the granules of eosinophils. BF was found to contain chemotactic activity for eosinophils, neutrophils and T cells. The chemotactic effect of BF for eosinophils was more effective when eosinophils were stimulated with IL-5 or IL-4. We also found that the levels of Th(2)-associated chemokines (eotaxin and MCP-4) in BF were significantly higher than the Th(1)-associated chemokines (MIP-1beta and IP-10). This was consistent with the increased chemotaxis of polarized Th(2) cells toward BF, when compared to Th(1)-differentiated T cells. Our results support the involvement of Th(2)-associated chemokines in the pathogenesis of BP disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soussi Gounni Abdelilah
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, 603A BSMB, 730 William Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E 0W3
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17
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18
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Vogel B, Klinder A, Sittig D, Aust G. Bovine eotaxin (CCL11)--an unusual member of the eotaxin group--attracts eosinophils in vitro but is not responsible for eosinophilia in the ovary. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2005; 107:67-77. [PMID: 15916812 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2005.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2004] [Revised: 01/10/2005] [Accepted: 03/22/2005] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Under physiological conditions normally characterised by low tissue infiltration of eosinophils, a conspicuous number of these cells are attracted into the human and ruminant ovary. Eosinophils suddenly increase in the thecal layer of the preovulatory follicle and corpus luteum at very early development. Currently, we only have a limited understanding of the mechanism for the recruitment of the ovarian eosinophils. Eotaxin (CCL11) may be one of the chemoattractants involved in stimulating eosinophils to migrate selectively into ovary. As a prerequisite for the analysis of eotaxin expression in the bovine ovary, we determined the complete bovine eotaxin mRNA sequence since it was not available from databases. The bovine eotaxin is the first member of the monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)/eotaxin subfamily with two mRNA isoforms varying in length in the untranslated 3'-untranslated region. The unusual amino-acid sequence of bovine eotaxin contains structural features that are so far known to be characteristic for MCP, but not eotaxin. In our microchemotaxis assays, recombinant bovine eotaxin showed a functional pattern orthologous to known eotaxins. Thus, the chimeric structure of bovine eotaxin did not affect the favoured chemotactic activity on eosinophils. Semiquantitative RT-PCR was used to investigate the expression of eotaxin in different regions of the bovine ovary. We only detected faint eotaxin mRNA signals that did not indicate physiological significance even in stimulated granulosa cell cultures, follicle-derived macrophages or fibroblasts. Taken together, bovine eotaxin attracts eosinophils in vitro but is not responsible for eosinophilia in the ovary. Its unusual chimeric structure confirms the unity of the MCP/eotaxin subfamily of CC chemokines and distinguishes it from other CC chemokine subfamilies.
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MESH Headings
- 3' Untranslated Regions
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Cattle/genetics
- Cattle/immunology
- Cattle Diseases/etiology
- Cattle Diseases/immunology
- Chemokine CCL11
- Chemokines, CC/genetics
- Chemokines, CC/immunology
- Chemotactic Factors, Eosinophil/genetics
- Chemotactic Factors, Eosinophil/immunology
- Chemotaxis, Leukocyte
- Cloning, Molecular
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- Eosinophilia/etiology
- Eosinophilia/immunology
- Eosinophilia/veterinary
- Eosinophils/immunology
- Female
- In Vitro Techniques
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Ovarian Diseases/etiology
- Ovarian Diseases/immunology
- Ovarian Diseases/veterinary
- Ovary/immunology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
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Affiliation(s)
- B Vogel
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, Nürnberger Street 57, Leipzig D-04103, Germany.
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19
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Pease JE, Weller CL, Williams TJ. Regulation of eosinophil trafficking in asthma and allergy. ERNST SCHERING RESEARCH FOUNDATION WORKSHOP 2004:85-100. [PMID: 14699796 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-05403-1_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J E Pease
- Leucocyte Biology Section, Biomedical Sciences Division, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
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20
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Rötting AK, Freeman DE, Eurell JAC, Constable PD, Wallig M. Effects of acetylcysteine and migration of resident eosinophils in an in vitro model of mucosal injury and restitution in equine right dorsal colon. Am J Vet Res 2004; 64:1205-12. [PMID: 14596455 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.2003.64.1205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the in vitro protective effects of acetylcysteine and response of resident mucosal eosinophils in oxidant-induced injury to tissues of right dorsal colon of horses. ANIMALS 9 adult horses. PROCEDURE Gastrointestinal mucosa was damaged in vitro with 3 mM hypochlorous acid (HOCl), with and without prior exposure to 6mM acetylcysteine. Control tissues were not exposed to HOCl or acetylcysteine. Control and damaged tissues were incubated in Krebs-Ringer-bicarbonate solution and tissue resistance measured during 240 minutes. Tissue permeability to radiolabeled mannitol was also used to assess mucosal barrier integrity. Tissues were examined by light microscopy before and after HOCl exposure and during and after incubation. RESULTS Exposure to HOCl caused tissue damage and decreased tissue resistance. Restitution did occur during the incubation period. Eosinophils were located near the muscularis mucosae in freshly harvested tissues and migrated towards the luminal surface in response to HOCl-induced injury. Compared with tissues treated with HOCl without acetylcysteine, pretreatment with acetylcysteine prevented HOCl-induced tissue damage, changes in resistance, and histologically detectable eosinophil migration. The permeability to mannitol increased to the same extent in tissues treated with HOCl alone or with acetylcysteine and HOCl. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Eosinophils migrated toward the mucosal surface in equine colon in response to oxidant-induced damage in vitro. This novel finding could be relevant to inflammation in equine colon and a pathophysiologic feature of many colonic diseases. Acetylcysteine protected the mucosa against oxidant-induced injury and may be useful as a treatment option for various gastrointestinal tract disorders in horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Rötting
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
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21
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Cunningham FM, Vandergrifft E, Bailey SR, Sepulveda MF, Goode NT, Horohov DW. Cloning, expression and biological activity of equine interleukin (IL)-5. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2003; 95:63-72. [PMID: 12969637 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-2427(03)00100-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The cytokine, interleukin (IL)-5 stimulates eosinophil differentiation, activation and survival and can prime these cells, increasing the response to other mediators. In view of its many effects on eosinophils, IL-5 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of allergic disease in man. Here we report the cloning of equine IL-5 and expression of the recombinant protein by transfection of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. The cloned cDNA sequence consisted of 405 nucleotides and encoded a protein of 135 amino acids. There is >85% identity with feline, bovine, ovine, canine, and human IL-5 sequences at the nucleotide and protein level. Supernatants containing equine IL-5 were also examined for biological activity. CHO supernatant containing equine recombinant (eqr) IL-5, like the human ortholog (hrIL-5), induced concentration dependent equine eosinophil adherence to autologous serum-coated plastic (9.7+/-1.5% with a 1:100 dilution of eqrIL-5 and 9.1+/-1.6% adherence with 1 nM hrIL-5; n = 4). The eqr protein also caused concentration dependent superoxide production (11.9+/-2.4 nmol (reduced cytochrome (cyt) C)/10(6) cells at a 1:50 dilution, n = 4). In contrast, hrIL-5 only caused significant superoxide production when diluted in conditioned CHO medium, an effect that was inhibited by the anti-human mAb, TRFK5 (4.4+/-0.3 versus 0.3+/-0.4 nmol/10(6) cells for 0.5 nM hrIL-5 in the presence of the isotype matched IgG1 control (10 microM) and TRFK5 (10 microM), respectively). TRFK5 also significantly inhibited hrIL-5 induced adherence at concentrations of 0.3 microg/ml and above but had no significant inhibitory effect on either superoxide or adherence caused by eqrIL-5. These results demonstrate that equine IL-5 expressed by CHO cells stimulates equine eosinophils, suggesting that this cytokine could play a role in eosinophil recruitment and activation in equine allergic disease. The anti-human and murine moAb TRFK5 does not appear to recognise the equine protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M Cunningham
- Department of Veterinary Basic Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK.
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Marti E, Horohov DW, Antzak DF, Lazary S, Paul Lunn D. Advances in equine immunology: Havemeyer workshop reports from Santa Fe, New Mexico, and Hortobagy, Hungary. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2003; 91:233-43. [PMID: 12586486 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-2427(02)00314-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The horse has been human kind's most important partner throughout history. Similarly, in the field of immunology, many critical scientific advances have depended on the horse. Equine immunology today is an active and important field of study, with a focus on control of many common infectious diseases and immunopathologic conditions of broad comparative interest. In 2001 two major equine immunology workshops were held, in Santa Fe, USA, and in Hortobagy, Hungary, with major sponsorship from the Havemeyer Foundation. This report summarizes the scientific themes and foci of those meetings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliane Marti
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Länggass-Strasse 124, 3012 Berne, Switzerland
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23
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Abstract
Tissue fibrosis, a serious and even deadly complication of chronic inflammation and environmental exposures, is regulated by a host of factors including interactions with the extracellular matrix, surface of inflammatory cells, hormones, and an extremely complex and redundant network of profibrotic cytokines. The nature of mechanisms by which cytokines regulate fibrosis is dual - indirect, through attraction of inflammatory cells, and direct, through binding to specific receptors on fibroblasts and stimulating proliferation, collagen production and secretion of autocrine factors. This review focuses on systematizing the direct effects of cytokines on fibroblasts. Understanding of the complexity of the cytokine-driven mechanisms of fibrosis is important for identification of potential molecular targets for future pharmacological interventions in prevention and treatment of tissue fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei P Atamas
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, MSTF building, Room 8-34, 10 South Pine Street, Baltimore 21201, USA.
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24
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Zhang L, Soares MP, Guan Y, Matheravidathu S, Wnek R, Johnson KE, Meisher A, Iliff SA, Mudgett JS, Springer MS, Daugherty BL. Functional expression and characterization of macaque C-C chemokine receptor 3 (CCR3) and generation of potent antagonistic anti-macaque CCR3 monoclonal antibodies. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:33799-810. [PMID: 12101185 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m205488200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils are major effector cells implicated in a number of chronic inflammatory diseases in humans, particularly bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis. The beta-chemokine receptor C-C chemokine receptor 3 (CCR3) provides a mechanism for the selective recruitment of eosinophils into tissue and thus has recently become an attractive biological target for therapeutic intervention. In order to develop in vivo models of inflammatory diseases, it is essential to identify and characterize the homologues of human eotaxin (C-C chemokine ligand 11) and CCR3 from other species, such as non-human primates. Accordingly, we cloned the macaque eotaxin and CCR3 genes and revealed that they were 91 and 92% identical at the amino acid level to their human homologues, respectively. Macaque CCR3 expressed in the murine pre-B L1-2 cell line bound macaque eotaxin with high affinity (K(d) = 0.1 nm) and exhibited a robust eotaxin-induced Ca(2+) flux and chemotaxis. Characterization of beta-chemokines on native macaque CCR3 on eosinophils was performed by means of eotaxin-induced shape change in whole blood using a novel signaling assay known as gated autofluorescence forward scatter. Additionally, mAbs were raised against macaque CCR3 using two different immunogens: a 30-amino acid synthetic peptide derived from the predicted NH(2) terminus of macaque CCR3 and intact macaque CCR3-transfected cells. These anti-macaque CCR3 monoclonal antibodies exhibited potent antagonist activity in receptor binding and functional assays. The characterization of the macaque eotaxin/CCR3 axis and development of antagonistic anti-macaque CCR3 monoclonal antibodies will facilitate the development of CCR3 small molecule antagonists with the hope of ameliorating chronic inflammatory diseases in humans.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Binding, Competitive
- Calcium/metabolism
- Cell Line
- Chemokine CCL11
- Chemokine CCL5/physiology
- Chemokines, CC/genetics
- Chemokines, CC/metabolism
- Chemotaxis
- Cloning, Molecular
- Eosinophils/physiology
- Humans
- Macaca mulatta
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Receptors, CCR3
- Receptors, Chemokine/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Chemokine/chemistry
- Receptors, Chemokine/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Zhang
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Merck Research Laboratories, 126 E. Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
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25
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Benarafa C, Collins ME, Hamblin AS, Sabroe I, Cunningham FM. Characterisation of the biological activity of recombinant equine eotaxin in vitro. Cytokine 2002; 19:27-30. [PMID: 12200110 DOI: 10.1006/cyto.2002.1052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The chemokine eotaxin (CCL11) is a key player in the trafficking of eosinophils to normal tissues and in the tissue eosinophilia associated with human allergic disease. We have recently cloned equine eotaxin and here we report the production of rEq eotaxin, with and without a C-terminal fusion peptide, in a novel expression system utilising stably transfected insect cells. rEq eotaxin induced equine eosinophil migration and superoxide production in vitro. A shape change in human eosinophils that could be blocked by 7B11, a monoclonal antibody against human CCR3, was also observed. Biological activity was not dependent on an intact eotaxin C-terminus. These results suggest that equine eotaxin, like its human ortholog, may play a role in eosinophil accumulation and activation in the horse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charaf Benarafa
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hawkshead Campus, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, UK
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26
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Zou J, Young S, Zhu F, Gheyas F, Skeans S, Wan Y, Wang L, Ding W, Billah M, McClanahan T, Coffman RL, Egan R, Umland S. Microarray profile of differentially expressed genes in a monkey model of allergic asthma. Genome Biol 2002; 3:research0020. [PMID: 12049661 PMCID: PMC115222 DOI: 10.1186/gb-2002-3-5-research0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2001] [Revised: 01/14/2002] [Accepted: 03/05/2002] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhalation of Ascaris suum antigen by allergic monkeys causes an immediate bronchoconstriction and delayed allergic reaction, including a pulmonary inflammatory infiltrate. To identify genes involved in this process, the gene-expression pattern of allergic monkey lungs was profiled by microarrays. Monkeys were challenged by inhalation of A. suum antigen or given interleukin-4 (IL-4) treatment; lung tissue was collected at 4, 18 or 24 h after antigen challenge or 24 h after IL-4. Each challenged monkey lung was compared to a pool of normal, unchallenged monkey lungs. RESULTS Of the approximately 40,000 cDNAs represented on the microarray, expression levels of 169 changed by more than 2.5-fold in at least one of the pairwise probe comparisons; these cDNAs encoded 149 genes, of which two thirds are known genes. The largest number of regulated genes was observed 4 h after challenge. Confirmation of differential expression in the original tissue was obtained for 95% of a set of these genes using real-time PCR. Cluster analysis revealed at least five groups of genes with unique expression patterns. One cluster contained genes for several chemokine mediators including eotaxin, PARC, MCP-1 and MCP-3. Genes involved in tissue remodeling and antioxidant responses were also identified as regulated by antigen and IL-4 or by antigen only. CONCLUSION This study provides a large-scale profile of gene expression in the primate lung following allergen or IL-4 challenge. It shows that microarrays, with real-time PCR, are a powerful tool for identifying and validating differentially expressed genes in a disease model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zou
- Department of Allergy, Schering-Plough Research Institute, 2015 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA.
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27
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Conroy DM, Williams TJ. Eotaxin and the attraction of eosinophils to the asthmatic lung. Respir Res 2001; 2:150-6. [PMID: 11686879 PMCID: PMC2002069 DOI: 10.1186/rr52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2001] [Accepted: 03/01/2001] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Eosinophilic leukocytes accumulate in high numbers in the lungs of asthmatic patients, and are believed to be important in the pathogenesis of asthma. A potent eosinophil chemoattractant is produced in the asthmatic lung. This small protein, the chemokine eotaxin, is synthesized by a number of different cell types, and is stimulated by interleukin-4 and interleukin-13, which are produced by T-helper (Th)2 lymphocytes. Low molecular weight compounds have been developed that can block the eotaxin receptor C-C chemokine receptor (CCR)3, and prevent stimulation by eotaxin. This provides the potential for orally available drugs that can prevent eosinophil recruitment into the lung and the associated damage and dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Conroy
- Leukocyte Biology Section, Biomedical Sciences Division, Imperial College School of Medicine, London, UK.
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