1
|
Al-Eitan L, Alnemri M, Alkhawaldeh M, Mihyar A. Rodent-borne viruses in the region of Middle East. Rev Med Virol 2023:e2440. [PMID: 36924105 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Rodents are one of the most abundant mammal species in the world. They form more than two-fifth of all mammal species and there are approximately 4600 existing rodent species. Rodents are capable of transmitting deadly diseases, especially those that are caused by viruses. Viruses and their consequences have plagued the world for the last two centuries, three pandemics occurred during the last century only. The Middle East is situated at the crossroads of Africa and Asia, along with the Mediterranean Sea and the Indian Ocean, its geographic importance is gained through the diversity of topographies, biosphere, as well as climate aspects that make the region vulnerable to host emerging diseases. Refugee crises also play a major role in expected epidemic outbreaks in the region. Public health has always been the most important priority, and our aim in this review is to raise awareness among public health organisations across the Middle East about the dangers of rodent borne diseases that have been reported or are suspected to be found in the region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laith Al-Eitan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Malek Alnemri
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mishael Alkhawaldeh
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Ahmad Mihyar
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Griffiths J, Yeo HL, Yap G, Mailepessov D, Johansson P, Low HT, Siew CC, Lam P, Ng LC. Survey of rodent-borne pathogens in Singapore reveals the circulation of Leptospira spp., Seoul hantavirus, and Rickettsia typhi. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2692. [PMID: 35177639 PMCID: PMC8854382 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03954-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Rodents living alongside humans increases the probability of encounter and also the transmission of rodent-borne diseases. Singapore’s cosmopolitan urban landscape provides a perfect setting to study the prevalence of four rodent-borne pathogens: Seoul hantavirus (SEOV), Leptospira species, Rickettsia typhi and Yersinia pestis, and identify the potential risk factors which may influence rodent density and transmission of rodent-borne diseases. A total of 1143 rodents were trapped from 10 unique landscape structures throughout Singapore. Real-time quantitative Polymerase Chain Reactions were used to detect pathogenic and intermediate Leptospira spp. and Yersinia pestis, whereas the seroprevalence of SEOV and R. typhi were analysed by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and Immunofluorescence Assay respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between prevalence of infection in rodent reservoirs and risk factors. Most of the rodents were caught in public residential developments (62.2%). Among the tested rodents, 42.4% were infected with Leptospira spp., while 35.5% and 32.2% were seropositive for SEOV and R. typhi respectively, whereas Yersinia pestis was not detected. Furthermore, risk factors including habitat, species, gender, and weight of rodents, influenced prevalence of infection to a varying extent. This study highlights the presence of Leptospira spp., SEOV and R. typhi in Singapore’s rodent population, suggesting the need for effective rodent management and sanitation strategies to prevent further circulation and transmission to humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jane Griffiths
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hui Ling Yeo
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Grace Yap
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Diyar Mailepessov
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Patrik Johansson
- Defence Medical and Environmental Research Institute, DSO National Laboratories, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hwee Teng Low
- Defence Medical and Environmental Research Institute, DSO National Laboratories, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chern-Chiang Siew
- Defence Medical and Environmental Research Institute, DSO National Laboratories, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Patrick Lam
- SAF Biodefence Centre, Force Medical Protection Command, HQ Medical Corps, Singapore Armed Forces, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lee Ching Ng
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, Singapore, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Paramasivam K, Shen Y, Yuan J, Waheed I, Mao C, Zhou X. Advances in the Development of Phage-Based Probes for Detection of Bio-Species. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:30. [PMID: 35049658 PMCID: PMC8773867 DOI: 10.3390/bios12010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Bacteriophages, abbreviated as "phages", have been developed as emerging nanoprobes for the detection of a wide variety of biological species, such as biomarker molecules and pathogens. Nanosized phages can display a certain length of exogenous peptides of arbitrary sequence or single-chain variable fragments (scFv) of antibodies that specifically bind to the targets of interest, such as animal cells, bacteria, viruses, and protein molecules. Metal nanoparticles generally have unique plasmon resonance effects. Metal nanoparticles such as gold, silver, and magnetism are widely used in the field of visual detection. A phage can be assembled with metal nanoparticles to form an organic-inorganic hybrid probe due to its nanometer-scale size and excellent modifiability. Due to the unique plasmon resonance effect of this composite probe, this technology can be used to visually detect objects of interest under a dark-field microscope. In summary, this review summarizes the recent advances in the development of phage-based probes for ultra-sensitive detection of various bio-species, outlining the advantages and limitations of detection technology of phage-based assays, and highlighting the commonly used editing technologies of phage genomes such as homologous recombination and clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated proteins system (CRISPR-Cas). Finally, we discuss the possible scenarios for clinical application of phage-probe-based detection methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kameshpandian Paramasivam
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (K.P.); (Y.S.); (J.Y.); (I.W.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yuanzhao Shen
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (K.P.); (Y.S.); (J.Y.); (I.W.)
| | - Jiasheng Yuan
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (K.P.); (Y.S.); (J.Y.); (I.W.)
| | - Ibtesam Waheed
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (K.P.); (Y.S.); (J.Y.); (I.W.)
| | - Chuanbin Mao
- Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019-5300, USA;
| | - Xin Zhou
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (K.P.); (Y.S.); (J.Y.); (I.W.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Khan A, Khan S, Ahmad S, Anwar Z, Hussain Z, Safdar M, Rizwan M, Waseem M, Hussain A, Akhlaq M, Khan T, Ali SS, Wei DQ. HantavirusesDB: Vaccinomics and RNA-based therapeutics database for the potentially emerging human respiratory pandemic agents. Microb Pathog 2021; 160:105161. [PMID: 34461244 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Hantaviruses are etiological agents of several severe respiratory illnesses in humans and their human-to-human transmission has been reported. To cope with any potential pandemic, this group of viruses needs further research and a data platform. Therefore, herein we developed a database "HantavirusesDB (HVdb)", where genomics, proteomics, immune resource, RNAi based therapeutics and information on the 3D structures of druggable targets of the Orthohantaviruses are provided on a single platform. The database allows the researchers to effectively map the therapeutic strategies by designing multi-epitopes subunit vaccine and RNA based therapeutics. Moreover, the ease of the web interface allow the users to retrieve specific information from the database. Because of the high quality and excellent functionality of the HVdb, therapeutic research of Hantaviruses can be accelerated, and data analysis might be a foundation to design better treatment strategies targeting the hantaviruses. The database is accessible at http://hvdb.dqweilab-sjtu.com/index.php.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Khan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biological Statistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China.
| | - Shahzeb Khan
- Center for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat, KP, Pakistan
| | - Sajjad Ahmad
- Department of Health and Biological Sciences, Abasyn University, Peshawar, 25000, Pakistan
| | - Zeeshan Anwar
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Zahid Hussain
- Center for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat, KP, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Safdar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, DI Khan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Center for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat, KP, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Waseem
- Faculty of Rehabilitation and Allied Health Science, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Abid Hussain
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Poonch, Rawalakot, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Akhlaq
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, DI Khan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Taimoor Khan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biological Statistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Syed Shujait Ali
- Center for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat, KP, Pakistan
| | - Dong-Qing Wei
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biological Statistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai-Islamabad-Belgrade Joint Innovation Center on Antibacterial Resistances, Joint Laboratory of International Cooperation in Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Ministry of Education and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, PR China; Peng Cheng Laboratory, Vanke Cloud City Phase I Building 8, Xili Street, Nashan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ye GH, Alim M, Guan P, Huang DS, Zhou BS, Wu W. Improving the precision of modeling the incidence of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in mainland China with an ensemble machine learning approach. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248597. [PMID: 33725011 PMCID: PMC7963064 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), one of the main public health concerns in mainland China, is a group of clinically similar diseases caused by hantaviruses. Statistical approaches have always been leveraged to forecast the future incidence rates of certain infectious diseases to effectively control their prevalence and outbreak potential. Compared to the use of one base model, model stacking can often produce better forecasting results. In this study, we fitted the monthly reported cases of HFRS in mainland China with a model stacking approach and compared its forecasting performance with those of five base models. METHOD We fitted the monthly reported cases of HFRS ranging from January 2004 to June 2019 in mainland China with an autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model; the Holt-Winter (HW) method, seasonal decomposition of the time series by LOESS (STL); a neural network autoregressive (NNAR) model; and an exponential smoothing state space model with a Box-Cox transformation; ARMA errors; and trend and seasonal components (TBATS), and we combined the forecasting results with the inverse rank approach. The forecasting performance was estimated based on several accuracy criteria for model prediction, including the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), root-mean-squared error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE). RESULT There was a slight downward trend and obvious seasonal periodicity inherent in the time series data for HFRS in mainland China. The model stacking method was selected as the best approach with the best performance in terms of both fitting (RMSE 128.19, MAE 85.63, MAPE 8.18) and prediction (RMSE 151.86, MAE 118.28, MAPE 13.16). CONCLUSION The results showed that model stacking by using the optimal mean forecasting weight of the five abovementioned models achieved the best performance in terms of predicting HFRS one year into the future. This study has corroborated the conclusion that model stacking is an easy way to enhance prediction accuracy when modeling HFRS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guo-hua Ye
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Mirxat Alim
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Peng Guan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - De-sheng Huang
- Department of Mathematics, School of Fundamental Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Bao-sen Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
D'Souza MH, Patel TR. Biodefense Implications of New-World Hantaviruses. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:925. [PMID: 32850756 PMCID: PMC7426369 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Hantaviruses, part of the Bunyaviridae family, are a genus of negative-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses that cause two major diseases: New-World Hantavirus Cardiopulmonary Syndrome and Old-World Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome. Hantaviruses generally are found worldwide with each disease corresponding to their respective hemispheres. New-World Hantaviruses spread by specific rodent-host reservoirs and are categorized as emerging viruses that pose a threat to global health and security due to their high mortality rate and ease of transmission. Incidentally, reports of Hantavirus categorization as a bioweapon are often contradicted as both US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention refer to them as Category A and C bioagents respectively, each retaining qualitative levels of importance and severity. Concerns of Hantavirus being engineered into a novel bioagent has been thwarted by Hantaviruses being difficult to culture, isolate, and purify limiting its ability to be weaponized. However, the natural properties of Hantaviruses pose a threat that can be exploited by conventional and unconventional forces. This review seeks to clarify the categorization of Hantaviruses as a bioweapon, whilst defining the practicality of employing New-World Hantaviruses and their effect on armies, infrastructure, and civilian targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hilary D'Souza
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Alberta RNA Research and Training Institute, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Trushar R Patel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Alberta RNA Research and Training Institute, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology and Discovery Lab, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hantavirus Infection and the Renal Syndrome. TROPICAL NEPHROLOGY 2020. [PMCID: PMC7292960 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-44500-3_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Fever with renal syndrome is currently endemic in Eurasia, where the main etiological agents are the Hantaan and Seoul viruses in Asia (China, South Korea, and the Far East of Russia), in addition to the Seoul, Puumala, and Dobrava viruses in Europe (central, northern, Alpine Massif, Balkans, and western Russia). Lethality rates are higher with Hantaan and Dobrava virus infections (5–10%) when compared to the Puumala and Seoul viruses (1%). With the expansion and geographical migration of the urban rodent (Rattus norvegicus) from the “Old World,” the Seoul virus was introduced into the Americas and is now considered a virus with a cosmopolitan distribution. On the American continent, the presence of the Seoul virus has been confirmed in Brazil, Argentina, and the United States. The hantavirus transmission to humans occurs by inhalation of aerosol-dispersed viral particles present in rodent droppings and saliva. This disease should be clinically differentiated from leptospirosis and other viral hemorrhagic fevers that occur in the same areas of occurrence of hantavirus infections. There is no treatment with antiviral drugs specific for hantavirus. Faced to a suspected hantavirus case, it should be communicated to the local health authorities and provide an eventually intensive care unit support.
Collapse
|
8
|
Meteorological factors and risk of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Guangzhou, southern China, 2006-2015. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006604. [PMID: 29949572 PMCID: PMC6039051 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The epidemic tendency of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is on the rise in recent years in Guangzhou. This study aimed to explore the associations between meteorological factors and HFRS epidemic risk in Guangzhou for the period from 2006–2015. Methods We obtained data of HFRS cases in Guangzhou from the National Notifiable Disease Report System (NNDRS) during the period of 2006–2015. Meteorological data were obtained from the Guangzhou Meteorological Bureau. A negative binomial multivariable regression was used to explore the relationship between meteorological variables and HFRS. Results The annual average incidence was 0.92 per 100000, with the annual incidence ranging from 0.64/100000 in 2009 to 1.05/100000 in 2012. The monthly number of HFRS cases decreased by 5.543% (95%CI -5.564% to -5.523%) each time the temperature was increased by 1°C and the number of cases decreased by 0.075% (95%CI -0.076% to -0.074%) each time the aggregate rainfall was increased by 1 mm. We found that average temperature with a one-month lag was significantly associated with HFRS transmission. Conclusions Meteorological factors had significant association with occurrence of HFRS in Guangzhou, Southern China. This study provides preliminary information for further studies on epidemiological prediction of HFRS and for developing an early warning system. The prevalence of HFRS was on the rise in recent years, especially in the large and medium-sized cities in China. We obtained data of HFRS cases in Guangzhou from the National Notifiable Disease Report System (NNDRS) during the period of 2006–2015. Meteorological data were obtained from the Guangzhou Meteorological Bureau. A negative binomial multivariable regression was used to explore the relationship between meteorological variables and HFRS. Meteorological factors had significant association with occurrence of HFRS in Guangzhou, Southern China. This study provides preliminary information for further studies on epidemiological prediction of HFRS and for developing an early warning system.
Collapse
|
9
|
Clement J, Colson P, Saegeman V, Lagrou K, Van Ranst M. 'Bedside assessment' of acute hantavirus infections and their possible classification into the spectrum of haemophagocytic syndromes. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2016; 35:1101-6. [PMID: 27101352 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-016-2638-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hantavirus infections, recently renamed 'hantavirus fever' (HTVF), belong to the most common but also most underestimated zoonoses in the world. A small number of reports described the so-called 'lipid paradox' in HTVF, i.e. the striking contrast between a very low serum total cholesterol and/or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc), and a paradoxical concomitant hypertriglyceridaemia. In a prospective study, with patients being their own control after illness, we wanted to verify if this quick and easy 'bedside test' was robust enough to warrant a preliminary diagnosis of acute kidney injury (AKI) caused by HTVF. The study cohort consisted of 58 Belgian cases (mean age 44 years), admitted with varying degrees of AKI and of thrombocytopaenia, both characteristic for presumptive HTVF. All cases were sero-confirmed as having acute HTVF. At or shortly after hospital admission, a significant (p < 0.001) decrease of total cholesterol and HDLc was found in comparison with normalised levels in the same cohort, quantified a few days after spontaneous AKI recovery. Conversely, fasting triglyceride levels during HTVF infection were significantly (p < 0.001) higher during illness than after recovery. This 'lipid paradox' was most outspoken in severe HTVF cases, often accompanying, or even predicting, major kidney or lung complications. Thus, this 'bedside assessment' seems to hold even promise for presumptive diagnosis of more severe so-called 'hantavirus cardio-pulmonary syndrome' (HCPS) cases, mostly described hitherto in the New World. In more severe AKI cases, the mean total cholesterol was significantly lower (p = 0.02) than in milder cases, i.e. cases with peak serum creatinine levels of < 1.5 mg/dL. Thrombocytopaenia, generally accepted as the severity index in HTVF, appeared, moreover, significantly correlated with serum levels of total cholesterol (R = 0.52, p < 0.001) and with serum levels of HDLc (R = 0.45, p < 0.01). A link with the novel clinical entity of haemophagocytic syndromes, also characterised by manifest hypertriglyceridaemia, is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Clement
- National Reference Centre for Hantavirus Infections, Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - P Colson
- Emergency Unit, Clinique Sainte Elisabeth, Namur, Belgium
| | - V Saegeman
- Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - K Lagrou
- Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - M Van Ranst
- National Reference Centre for Hantavirus Infections, Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Clement J. Considerations about a Chinese vaccine preventing a national form of epidemic acute kidney injury (AKI). Infect Dis (Lond) 2015; 48:267-269. [PMID: 26653991 DOI: 10.3109/23744235.2015.1121290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Clement
- a National Hantavirus Reference Centre, University of Leuven, UZ Gasthuisberg , Leuven , Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang T, Zhou Y, Wang L, Huang Z, Cui F, Zhai S. Using an Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average Model to Predict the Incidence of Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome in Zibo, China, 2004-2014. Jpn J Infect Dis 2015; 69:279-84. [PMID: 26370428 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2014.567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is highly endemic in mainland China, where human cases account for 90% of the total global cases. Zibo City is one of the most seriously affected areas in Shandong Province, China. Therefore, there is an urgent need for monitoring and predicting HFRS incidence in Zibo to make the control of HFRS more effective. In this study, we constructed an autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model for monthly HFRS incidence in Zibo from 2004 to 2013. The ARIMA (3,1,1) × (2,1,1)12 model is reliable with a high validity, which can be used to predict the next year's HFRS incidence in Zibo. The forecast results suggest that the HFRS incidence in Zibo will experience a slight growth in the next year.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Zibo Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zibo, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang WY, Wang LY, Liu YX, Yin WW, Hu WB, Magalhaes RJS, Ding F, Sun HL, Zhou H, Li SL, Haque U, Tong SL, Glass GE, Bi P, Clements ACA, Liu QY, Li CY. Spatiotemporal transmission dynamics of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in China, 2005-2012. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2014; 8:e3344. [PMID: 25412324 PMCID: PMC4239011 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is a rodent-borne disease caused by many serotypes of hantaviruses. In China, HFRS has been recognized as a severe public health problem with 90% of the total reported cases in the world. This study describes the spatiotemporal dynamics of HFRS cases in China and identifies the regions, time, and populations at highest risk, which could help the planning and implementation of key preventative measures. Methods Data on all reported HFRS cases at the county level from January 2005 to December 2012 were collected from Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Geographic Information System-based spatiotemporal analyses including Local Indicators of Spatial Association and Kulldorff's space-time scan statistic were performed to detect local high-risk space-time clusters of HFRS in China. In addition, cases from high-risk and low-risk counties were compared to identify significant demographic differences. Results A total of 100,868 cases were reported during 2005–2012 in mainland China. There were significant variations in the spatiotemporal dynamics of HFRS. HFRS cases occurred most frequently in June, November, and December. There was a significant positive spatial autocorrelation of HFRS incidence during the study periods, with Moran's I values ranging from 0.46 to 0.56 (P<0.05). Several distinct HFRS cluster areas were identified, mainly concentrated in northeastern, central, and eastern of China. Compared with cases from low-risk areas, a higher proportion of cases were younger, non-farmer, and floating residents in high-risk counties. Conclusions This study identified significant space-time clusters of HFRS in China during 2005–2012 indicating that preventative strategies for HFRS should be particularly focused on the northeastern, central, and eastern of China to achieve the most cost-effective outcomes. Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is a rodent-borne viral disease caused by many serotypes of hantaviruses. In China, HFRS has been recognized as a severe public health problem and accounts for 90% of the reported cases in the world. We examined the spatiotemporal dynamics of HFRS cases in China during 2005–2012 and compared characteristics between cases from high-risk and low-risk counties. Several distinct HFRS cluster areas were identified, concentrated in northeastern, central, and eastern of China. Compared with cases from low-risk areas, a higher proportion of cases were younger, non-farmer, and floating residents in high-risk counties. These findings suggest preventative strategies for HFRS should be focused on the identified clusters in order to achieve the most cost-effective outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yi Zhang
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Science, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Ya Wang
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Science, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Xi Liu
- Department of Infection Management and Disease Control, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Wu Yin
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Biao Hu
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ricardo J. Soares. Magalhaes
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Children Environmental Health, Queensland Children's Medical Research Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Fan Ding
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Long Sun
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Science, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hang Zhou
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shen-Long Li
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Science, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ubydul Haque
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Geography, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Shi-Lu Tong
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Gregory E. Glass
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Geography, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Peng Bi
- Discipline of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Archie C. A. Clements
- Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Qi-Yong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (QL)
| | - Cheng-Yi Li
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Science, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (QL)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lõhmus M, Janse I, van de Goot F, van Rotterdam BJ. Rodents as potential couriers for bioterrorism agents. Biosecur Bioterror 2014; 11 Suppl 1:S247-57. [PMID: 23971813 DOI: 10.1089/bsp.2012.0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Many pathogens that can cause major public health, economic, and social damage are relatively easily accessible and could be used as biological weapons. Wildlife is a natural reservoir for many potential bioterrorism agents, and, as history has shown, eliminating a pathogen that has dispersed among wild fauna can be extremely challenging. Since a number of wild rodent species live close to humans, rodents constitute a vector for pathogens to circulate among wildlife, domestic animals, and humans. This article reviews the possible consequences of a deliberate spread of rodentborne pathogens. It is relatively easy to infect wild rodents with certain pathogens or to release infected rodents, and the action would be difficult to trace. Rodents can also function as reservoirs for diseases that have been spread during a bioterrorism attack and cause recurring disease outbreaks. As rats and mice are common in both urban and rural settlements, deliberately released rodentborne infections have the capacity to spread very rapidly. The majority of pathogens that are listed as potential agents of bioterrorism by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases exploit rodents as vectors or reservoirs. In addition to zoonotic diseases, deliberately released rodentborne epizootics can have serious economic consequences for society, for example, in the area of international trade restrictions. The ability to rapidly detect introduced diseases and effectively communicate with the public in crisis situations enables a quick response and is essential for successful and cost-effective disease control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mare Lõhmus
- Mare Lõhmus, PhD is Associate Professor, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala, Sweden. Ingmar Janse, PhD, is Senior Scientist, and Bart J. van Rotterdam, PhD, is a Microbiologist, both in the Department of Zoonoses & Environmental Microbiology, Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) , Section I & V, Bilthoven, the Netherlands. Frank van de Goot, PhD, is Senior Forensic Pathologist, Symbiant (pathology expert centre), Alkmaar, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wu J, Wang DD, Li XL, de Vlas SJ, Yu YQ, Zhu J, Zhang Y, Wang B, Yan L, Fang LQ, Liu YW, Cao WC. Increasing incidence of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome could be associated with livestock husbandry in Changchun, northeastern China. BMC Infect Dis 2014; 14:301. [PMID: 24894341 PMCID: PMC4050097 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-14-301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the end of the 1990s, the incidence of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) has been increasing dramatically in Changchun, northeastern China. However, it is unknown which, and how, underlying risk factors have been involved in the reemergence of the disease. METHODS Data on HFRS cases at the county scale were collected from 1998 to 2012. Data on livestock husbandry including the numbers of large animals (cattle, horses, donkeys and mules), sheep, and deer, and on climatic and land cover variables were also collected. Epidemiological features, including the spatial, temporal and human patterns of disease were characterized. The potential factors related to spatial heterogeneity and temporal trends were analyzed using standard and time-series Poisson regression analysis, respectively. RESULTS Annual incidence varied among the 10 counties. Shuangyang County in southeastern Changchun had the highest number of cases (1,525 cases; 35.9% of all cases), but its population only accounted for 5.6% of the total population. Based on seasonal pattern in HFRS incidence, two epidemic phases were identified. One was a single epidemic peak at the end of each year from 1988 to 1997 and the other consisted of dual epidemic peaks at both the end and the beginning of each year from 1998 to the end of the study period. HFRS incidence was higher in males compared to females, and most of the HFRS cases occurred in peasant populations. The results of the Poisson regression analysis indicated that the spatial distribution and the increasing incidence of HFRS were significantly associated with livestock husbandry and climate factors, particularly with deer cultivation. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that the re-emergence of HFRS in Changchun has been accompanied by changing seasonal patterns over the past 25 years. Integrated measures focusing on areas related to local livestock husbandry could be helpful for the prevention and control of HFRS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Changchun Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan-Dan Wang
- School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin-Lou Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sake J de Vlas
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ya-Qin Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Changchun Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Wang
- Changchun Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Changchun Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Qun Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ya-Wen Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wu-Chun Cao
- School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chinikar S, Javadi AA, Hajiannia A, Ataei B, Jalali T, Khakifirouz S, Nowotny N, Schmidt-Chanasit J, Shahhosseini N. First Evidence of Hantavirus in Central Iran as an Emerging Viral Disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/aid.2014.44024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
16
|
Yu L, Bai W, Wu X, Zhang L, Zhang L, Li P, Wang F, Liu Z, Zhang F, Xu Z. A recombinant pseudotyped lentivirus expressing the envelope glycoprotein of hantaan virus induced protective immunity in mice. Virol J 2013; 10:301. [PMID: 24093752 PMCID: PMC3851560 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-10-301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hantaviruses cause acute hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). Currently, several types of inactivated HFRS vaccines are widely used, however the limited ability of these immunogen to elicit neutralizing antibodies restricts vaccine efficacy. Development of an effective vaccine to overcome this weakness is must. Methods In the present study, a recombinant pseudotyped lentivirus bearing the hantaan virus (HTNV) envelope glycoproteins (GP), rLV-M, was constructed. C57BL/6 mice were immunized with the rLV-M and a series of immunological assays were conducted to determine the immunogenicity of the recombinant pseudotyped lentivirus. The humoral and cell-mediated immune responses induced by rLV-M were compared with those of the inactivated HFRS vaccine. Results Indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) showed the rLV-M expressed target proteins in HEK-293cells. In mice, the rLV-M efficiently induced GP-specific humoral responses and protection against HTNV infection. Furthermore, the rLV-M induced higher neutralizing antibody titers than the inactivated HFRS vaccine control. Conclusions The results indicated the potential of using a pseudotyped lentivirus as a delivery vector for a hantavirus vaccine immunogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lan Yu
- Department of Microbiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Cui F, Wang T, Wang L, Yang S, Zhang L, Cao H, Zhang Y, Hu H, Zhai S. Spatial analysis of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Zibo City, China, 2009-2012. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67490. [PMID: 23840719 PMCID: PMC3696076 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 05/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is highly endemic in mainland China, where human cases account for 90% of the total global cases. Zibo City is one of the most serious affected areas in Shandong Province China with the HFRS incidence increasing sharply from 2009 to 2012. However, the hotspots of HFRS in Zibo remained unclear. Thus, a spatial analysis was conducted with the aim to explore the spatial, spatial-temporal and seasonal patterns of HFRS in Zibo from 2009 to 2012, and to provide guidance for formulating regional prevention and control strategies. METHODS The study was based on the reported cases of HFRS from the National Notifiable Disease Surveillance System. Annualized incidence maps and seasonal incidence maps were produced to analyze the spatial and seasonal distribution of HFRS in Zibo City. Then spatial scan statistics and space-time scan statistics were conducted to identify clusters of HFRS. RESULTS There were 200 cases reported in Zibo City during the 4-year study period. One most likely cluster and one secondary cluster for high incidence of HFRS were identified by the space-time analysis. And the most likely cluster was found to exist at Yiyuan County in October to December 2012. The human infections in the fall and winter reflected a seasonal characteristic pattern of Hantaan virus (HTNV) transmission. The secondary cluster was detected at the center of Zibo in May to June 2009, presenting a seasonal characteristic of Seoul virus (SEOV) transmission. CONCLUSION To control and prevent HFRS in Zibo city, the comprehensive preventive strategy should be implemented in the southern areas of Zibo in autumn and in the northern areas of Zibo in spring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Cui
- Zibo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zibo, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Wang
- Zibo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zibo, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Wang
- Zibo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zibo, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuxia Yang
- Zibo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zibo, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Zibo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zibo, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haixia Cao
- Zibo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zibo, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Zibo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zibo, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haodong Hu
- Zibo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zibo, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shenyong Zhai
- Zibo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zibo, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Li K, Li PY, Wu XA, Zhang L, Liu ZY, Yu L, Zhang L, Cheng LF, Bai WT, Zhang FL, Xu ZK. Induction of Hantaan virus-specific immune responses in C57BL/6 mice by immunization with a modified recombinant adenovirus containing the chimeric gene, GcS0.7. Int J Mol Med 2013; 32:709-16. [PMID: 23783439 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2013.1421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hantavirus glycoprotein Gc is one of the main components that contribute to the generation of humoral immune responses, while the nucleocapsid protein (NP) is involved in cellular immune responses through the induction of antibody-dependent cytotoxic T cells. In this study, a chimeric gene, GcS0.7, which encodes a fusion protein containing Gc and truncated NP, was constructed as a candidate for Hantaan virus (HTNV) vaccine development. The chimeric gene was cloned into an adenoviral vector in conjunction with the powerful hybrid cytomegalovirus (CMV) enhancer/chicken β-actin (CAG) promoter or the woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) post-transcriptional regulatory element (WPRE), or both. Both elements increased the expression level of the fusion protein. The rAd-GcS0.7-pCAG group demonstrated the highest fusion protein expression level, with a 2.3-fold increase compared with the unmodified adenoviral vector. To further evaluate the humoral and cellular immunity induced by the recombinant adenovirus, the antibody titers, interferon (IFN)-γ secretion level and cytotoxic T cell ratio were detected in immunized mice. The strongest HTNV‑specific humoral and cellular immune responses were detected in the rAd-GcS0.7‑pCAG group. The immunogenicity of these recombinant adenoviruses was compared with that of the inactivated vaccine through a series of immunological assays. In terms of the cellular immune responses, the rAd-GcS0.7-pCAG group even exceeded those induced by the vaccine control. The CAG hybrid promoter improved not only the expression level, but also the immunogenicity of the fusion protein, and may thus provide a promising strategy for HTNV vaccine research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Li
- Department of Microbiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Liu YX, Zhao ZT, Cao WC, Xu XQ, Suo JJ, Xing YB, Jia N, Du MM, Liu BW, Yao Y. Clinical application of RT-nested PCR integrated with RFLP in Hantavirus detection and genotyping: a prospective study in Shandong Province, PR China. Cell Biochem Biophys 2013; 67:1521-7. [PMID: 23723002 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-013-9655-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical usefulness of applying RT-nested PCR along with RFLP as a method for diagnosis and genotypic differentiation of Hantavirus in the acute-stage sera of HFRS patients as compared to the ELISA technique. A prospective study of patients with suspected HFRS patients was carried out. Sera were collected for serological evaluation by ELISA and RT-nested PCR testing. Primers were selected from the published sequence of the S segment of HTNV strain 76-118 and SEOV strain SR-11, which made it possible to obtain an amplicon of 403 bp by RT-nested PCR. The genotypic differentiations of the RT-nested PCR amplicons were carried out by RFLP. Sequence analyses of the amplicons were used to confirm the accuracy of the results obtained by RFLP. Of the 48 acute-stage sera from suspected HFRS patients, 35 were ELISA-positive while 41 were positive by RT-nested PCR. With Hind III and Hinf I, RFLP profiles of the RT-nested PCR amplicons of the 41 positive sera exhibited two patterns. 33 had RFLP profiles similar to the reference strain R22, and thus belonged to the SEOV type. The other 8 samples which were collected during October-December had RFLP profiles similar to the reference strain 76-118, and thus belonged to the HTNV type. Sequence phylogenetic analysis of RT-nested PCR amplicons revealed sdp1, sdp2 YXL-2008, and sdp3 as close relatives of HTNV strain 76-118, while sdp22 and sdp37 as close relatives of SEOV strain Z37 and strain R22 located in two separate clusters in the phylogenetic tree. These results were identical to those acquired by RFLP. RT-nested PCR integrated with RFLP was a rapid, simple, accurate method for detecting and differentiating the genotypes of Hantavirus in the acute-stage sera of suspected HFRS patients. In Shandong province, the main genotypes of Hantavirus belonged to the SEOV types, while the HTNV types were observed during the autumn-winter season.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Xi Liu
- Department of Nosocomial Infection Management and Disease Control, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Hantavirus regulation of type I interferon responses. Adv Virol 2012; 2012:524024. [PMID: 22924041 PMCID: PMC3423653 DOI: 10.1155/2012/524024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2012] [Revised: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hantaviruses primarily infect human endothelial cells (ECs) and cause two highly lethal human diseases. Early addition of Type I interferon (IFN) to ECs blocks hantavirus replication and thus for hantaviruses to be pathogenic they need to prevent early interferon induction. PHV replication is blocked in human ECs, but not inhibited in IFN deficient VeroE6 cells and consistent with this, infecting ECs with PHV results in the early induction of IFNβ and an array of interferon stimulated genes (ISGs). In contrast, ANDV, HTNV, NY-1V and TULV hantaviruses, inhibit early ISG induction and successfully replicate within human ECs. Hantavirus inhibition of IFN responses has been attributed to several viral proteins including regulation by the Gn proteins cytoplasmic tail (Gn-T). The Gn-T interferes with the formation of STING-TBK1-TRAF3 complexes required for IRF3 activation and IFN induction, while the PHV Gn-T fails to alter this complex or regulate IFN induction. These findings indicate that interfering with early IFN induction is necessary for hantaviruses to replicate in human ECs, and suggest that additional determinants are required for hantaviruses to be pathogenic. The mechanism by which Gn-Ts disrupt IFN signaling is likely to reveal potential therapeutic interventions and suggest protein targets for attenuating hantaviruses.
Collapse
|
21
|
Association of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and weather factors in Junan County, China: a case-crossover study. Epidemiol Infect 2012; 141:697-705. [PMID: 22793368 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268812001434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is a type of vector-borne zoonosis sensitive to climate change. To explore the short-term effect of air temperature and amount of precipitation on HFRS incidence, a total of 13 722 clinically confirmed HFRS cases from January 1977 to December 2001 in Junan County, China were included in this study. According to symmetric bidirectional case-crossover design, the hazard period (the three calendar months preceding the month when the case was diagnosed) and the control period (the same calendar month of the year before and the year after the hazard period) matched and conditional logistic regression was used to examine the effect of monthly mean temperature and precipitation on the risk of HFRS. The results showed the facilitating climatic conditions for HFRS included: condition with moderate mean air temperature (10-25 °C) and abundant precipitation (>120 mm) 3 months before [odds ratio (OR) 1·346, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·191-1·522] and 2 months before (OR 1·193, 95% CI 1·063-1·339); and condition with temperature >25 °C and abundant precipitation (>120 mm) 3 months before (OR 1·17, 95% CI 1·004-1·363). Temperature of 10-25 °C and moderate precipitation (10-120 mm) in the current month was the most favourable condition for HFRS incidence.
Collapse
|
22
|
Vadell MV, Bellomo C, San Martín A, Padula P, Gómez Villafañe I. Hantavirus ecology in rodent populations in three protected areas of Argentina. Trop Med Int Health 2011; 16:1342-52. [PMID: 21733047 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2011.02838.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we identified hantavirus genotypes and their reservoirs and evaluated the spatial and temporal distribution of the virus in rodent population in three protected areas of Argentina over 3 years (2007-2010). A total of 837 rodents were captured with an effort of 22 117 trap-nights. We detected the genotype Lechiguanas in Oligoryzomys nigripes and O. flavescens and Pergamino in Akodon azarae. There was no correlation between seroprevalence and trap success of the host. The proportion of seropositive males was significantly higher than the proportion of seropositive females. The total length of seropositives was higher than that of seronegatives in each host species. Seropositive individuals were observed in warm months and not in cold months, which suggests an infection cycle. This investigation confirms that protected areas of central east Argentina are places with a variety of sylvan rodents species associated with different hantavirus genotypes where reservoirs are numerically dominant. Although there was more than one known reservoir of hantavirus, only one species had antibodies in each area. This can be explained because the transmission of the virus does need not only the presence of a rodent species but also a threshold density. Longevity of even a small proportion of the host population in cold months may provide a trans-seasonal mechanism for virus persistence. The seroprevalence detected was higher than the one found before in rodent populations of Argentina, and this explains the appearance of human cases in two of these three areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M V Vadell
- Lab. de Ecología de Poblaciones, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
The C-terminal 42 residues of the Tula virus Gn protein regulate interferon induction. J Virol 2011; 85:4752-60. [PMID: 21367904 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01945-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Hantaviruses primarily infect the endothelial cell lining of capillaries and cause two vascular permeability-based diseases. The ability of pathogenic hantaviruses to regulate the early induction of interferon determines whether hantaviruses replicate in endothelial cells. Tula virus (TULV) and Prospect Hill virus (PHV) are hantaviruses which infect human endothelial cells but fail to cause human disease. PHV is unable to inhibit early interferon (IFN) responses and fails to replicate within human endothelial cells. However, TULV replicates successfully in human endothelial cells, suggesting that TULV is capable of regulating cellular IFN responses. We observed a >300-fold reduction in the IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) MxA and ISG56 following TULV versus PHV infection of endothelial cells 1 day postinfection. Similar to results with pathogenic hantaviruses, expressing the TULV Gn protein cytoplasmic tail (Gn-T) blocked RIG-I- and TBK1-directed transcription from IFN-stimulated response elements (ISREs) and IFN-β promoters (>90%) but not transcription directed by constitutively active IFN regulatory factor-3 (IRF3). In contrast, expressing the PHV Gn-T had no effect on TBK1-induced transcriptional responses. Analysis of Gn-T truncations demonstrated that the C-terminal 42 residues of the Gn-T (Gn-T-C42) from TULV, but not PHV, inhibited IFN induction >70%. These findings demonstrate that the TULV Gn-T inhibits IFN- and ISRE-directed responses upstream of IRF3 at the level of the TBK1 complex and further define a 42-residue domain of the TULV Gn-T that inhibits IFN induction. In contrast to pathogenic hantavirus Gn-Ts, the TULV Gn-T lacks a C-terminal degron domain and failed to bind tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated factor 3 (TRAF3), a TBK1 complex component required for IRF3 activation. These findings indicate that the nonpathogenic TULV Gn-T regulates IFN induction but accomplishes this via unique interactions with cellular TBK1 complexes. These findings fundamentally distinguish nonpathogenic hantaviruses, PHV and TULV, and demonstrate that IFN regulation alone is insufficient for hantaviruses to cause disease. Yet regulating the early IFN response is necessary for hantaviruses to replicate within human endothelial cells and to be pathogenic. Thus, in addition to IFN regulation, hantaviruses contain discrete virulence determinants which permit them to be human pathogens.
Collapse
|
24
|
Fang LQ, Wang XJ, Liang S, Li YL, Song SX, Zhang WY, Qian Q, Li YP, Wei L, Wang ZQ, Yang H, Cao WC. Spatiotemporal trends and climatic factors of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome epidemic in Shandong Province, China. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2010; 4:e789. [PMID: 20706629 PMCID: PMC2919379 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2009] [Accepted: 07/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is a rodent-borne disease caused by Hantaviruses. It is endemic in all 31 provinces, autonomous regions, and metropolitan areas in mainland China where human cases account for 90% of the total global cases. Shandong Province is among the most serious endemic areas. HFRS cases in Shandong Province were first reported in Yutai County in 1968. Since then, the disease has spread across the province, and as of 2005, all 111 counties were reported to have local human infections. However, causes underlying such rapid spread and wide distribution remain less well understood. Methods and Findings Here we report a spatiotemporal analysis of human HFRS cases in Shandong using data spanning 1973 to 2005. Seasonal incidence maps and velocity vector maps were produced to analyze the spread of HFRS over time in Shandong Province, and a panel data analysis was conducted to explore the association between HFRS incidence and climatic factors. Results show a rapid spread of HFRS from its epicenter in Rizhao, Linyi, Weifang Regions in southern Shandong to north, east, and west parts of the province. Based on seasonal shifts of epidemics, three epidemic phases were identified over the 33-year period. The first phase occurred between 1973 and 1982 during which the foci of HFRS was located in the south Shandong and the epidemic peak occurred in the fall and winter, presenting a seasonal characteristic of Hantaan virus (HTNV) transmission. The second phase between 1983 and 1985 was characterized by northward and westward spread of HFRS foci, and increases in incidence of HFRS in both fall-winter and spring seasons. The human infections in the spring reflected a characteristic pattern of Seoul virus (SEOV) transmission. The third phase between 1986 and 2005 was characterized by the northeast spread of the HFRS foci until it covered all counties, and the HFRS incidence in the fall-winter season decreased while it remained high in the spring. In addition, our findings suggest that precipitation, humidity, and temperature are major environmental variables that are associated with the seasonal variation of HFRS incidence in Shandong Province. Conclusions The spread of HFRS in Shandong Province may have been accompanied by seasonal shifts of HTNV-dominated transmission to SEOV-dominated transmission over the past three decades. The variations in HFRS incidence were significantly associated with local precipitation, humidity, and temperature. Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), a rodent-borne disease caused by Hantaviruses, is characterized by fever, acute renal dysfunction and hemorrhagic manifestations. At present, it is endemic in all 31 provinces, autonomous regions, and metropolitan areas in mainland China where human cases account for 90% of the total global cases. Historically Shandong Province bears the largest HFRS burden in China—the cumulative number of human cases accounted for 1/3 of the national total. Here we report a spatiotemporal analysis of human HFRS cases in Shandong using reported case data spanning 1973 to 2005. Through the analysis of seasonal incidences and use of velocity maps, three phases of seasonal shifts of HFRS epidemics and the expansion pattern of HFRS endemic areas were identified over the 33-year period. In addition, precipitation, humidity, and temperature were found to be significantly associated with the seasonal variation of HFRS incidence in Shandong Province. These findings offer insights in understanding possible causes of HFRS spread and distribution and may assist in informing prevention and control strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Qun Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Xian-Jun Wang
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, China
| | - Song Liang
- College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Yan-Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Shao-Xia Song
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, China
| | - Wen-Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Quan Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Pin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Lan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Wang
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, China
| | - Hong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Wu-Chun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhang WY, Guo WD, Fang LQ, Li CP, Bi P, Glass GE, Jiang JF, Sun SH, Qian Q, Liu W, Yan L, Yang H, Tong SL, Cao WC. Climate variability and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome transmission in Northeastern China. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2010; 118:915-920. [PMID: 20142167 PMCID: PMC2920909 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.0901504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2009] [Accepted: 02/08/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transmission of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is influenced by climatic variables. However, few studies have examined the quantitative relationship between climate variation and HFRS transmission. OBJECTIVE We examined the potential impact of climate variability on HFRS transmission and developed climate-based forecasting models for HFRS in northeastern China. METHODS We obtained data on monthly counts of reported HFRS cases in Elunchun and Molidawahaner counties for 1997-2007 from the Inner Mongolia Center for Disease Control and Prevention and climate data from the Chinese Bureau of Meteorology. Cross-correlations assessed crude associations between climate variables, including rainfall, land surface temperature (LST), relative humidity (RH), and the multivariate El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) index (MEI) and monthly HFRS cases over a range of lags. We used time-series Poisson regression models to examine the independent contribution of climatic variables to HFRS transmission. RESULTS Cross-correlation analyses showed that rainfall, LST, RH, and MEI were significantly associated with monthly HFRS cases with lags of 3-5 months in both study areas. The results of Poisson regression indicated that after controlling for the autocorrelation, seasonality, and long-term trend, rainfall, LST, RH, and MEI with lags of 3-5 months were associated with HFRS in both study areas. The final model had good accuracy in forecasting the occurrence of HFRS. CONCLUSIONS Climate variability plays a significant role in HFRS transmission in northeastern China. The model developed in this study has implications for HFRS control and prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Dong Guo
- Inner Mongolia Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hohhot, China
| | - Li-Qun Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Chang-Ping Li
- Department of Statistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Peng Bi
- Discipline of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Gregory E. Glass
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jia-Fu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Shan-Hua Sun
- Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Quan Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Yan
- Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Shi-Lu Tong
- School of Public Health, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, Australia
| | - Wu-Chun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Chandy S, Boorugu H, Chrispal A, Thomas K, Abraham P, Sridharan G. Hantavirus infection: a case report from India. Indian J Med Microbiol 2009; 27:267-70. [PMID: 19584514 DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.53215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The clinical presentation of hantavirus infections in India is unclear. We report here a case of hantavirus infection in a 46 year old quarry worker presenting with fever, abdominal pain, jaundice, thrombocytopenia and renal dysfunction. Seroconversion and rising anti-hantavirus IgG titers were taken as evidence of hantavirus infection. Clinicians should consider hantavirus infections in the differential diagnosis of acute febrile illness along with scrub typhus, leptospirosis and dengue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Chandy
- Department of Clinical Virology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Wang ML, Lai JH, Zhu Y, Zhang HB, Li C, Wang JP, Li YM, Yang AG, Jin BQ. Genetic susceptibility to haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome caused by Hantaan virus in Chinese Han population. Int J Immunogenet 2009; 36:227-9. [PMID: 19473214 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-313x.2009.00848.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report a significantly higher occurrence of HLA-DRB1*09 (51% vs. 23%, P = 0.002, OR = 3.57) and HLA-B*46-DRB1*09 (26% vs. 8%, P = 0.018, OR = 3.76) in patients with haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) compared to the control group, suggesting Hantaan virus-induced HFRS is associated with a genetic predisposition in the Chinese Han population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M L Wang
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, 17 Changle West Road, Xi'an, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
The emerging viral diseases haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) are a cause of global concern as they are increasingly reported from newer regions of the world. The hantavirus species causing HFRS include Hantaan virus,Seoul virus, Puumala virus, and Dobrava-Belgrade virus while Sin Nombre virus was responsible for the 1993 outbreak of HCPS in the Four Corners Region of the US. Humans are accidental hosts and get infected by aerosols generated from contaminated urine,feces and saliva of infected rodents. Rodents are the natural hosts of these viruses and develop persistent infection. Human to human infections are rare and the evolution of the virus depends largely on that of the rodent host. The first hantavirus isolate to be cultured, Thottapalayam virus,is the only indigenous isolate from India,isolated from an insectivore in 1964 in Vellore, South India. Research on hantaviruses in India has been slow but steady since 2005. Serological investigation of patients with pyrexic illness revealed presence of anti-hantavirus IgM antibodies in 14.7% of them. The seropositivity of hantavirus infections in the general population is about 4% and people who live and work in close proximity with rodents have a greater risk of acquiring hantavirus infections. Molecular and serological evidence of hantavirus infections in rodents and man has also been documented in this country. The present review on hantaviruses is to increase awareness of these emerging pathogens and the threats they pose to the public health system.
Collapse
|
29
|
Yan L, Fang LQ, Huang HG, Zhang LQ, Feng D, Zhao WJ, Zhang WY, Li XW, Cao WC. Landscape elements and Hantaan virus-related hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, People's Republic of China. Emerg Infect Dis 2008; 13:1301-6. [PMID: 18252099 PMCID: PMC2857277 DOI: 10.3201/eid1309.061481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is an important public health problem in the People’s Republic of China, accounting for 90% of human cases reported globally. In this study, a landscape epidemiologic approach, combined with geographic information system and remote sensing techniques, was applied to increase our understanding of HFRS due to Hantaan virus and its relationship with landscape elements in China. The landscape elements considered were elevation, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), precipitation, annual cumulative air temperature, land surface temperature, soil type, and land use. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that HFRS incidence was remarkably associated with elevation, NDVI, precipitation, annual cumulative air temperature, semihydromorphic soils, timber forests, and orchards. These findings have important applications for targeting HFRS interventions in mainland China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, IRSA/CAS, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Limongi JE, da Costa FC, de Paula MBC, Pinto RDMC, Oliveira MDLA, Pajuaba Neto ADA, Borges AS, Ferreira MS. [Hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome in the Triângulo Mineiro and Alto Paranaíba regions, State of Minas Gerais, 1998-2005: clinical-epidemiological aspects of 23 cases]. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2007; 40:295-9. [PMID: 17653464 DOI: 10.1590/s0037-86822007000300009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2007] [Accepted: 04/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidemiological, clinical, laboratory and treatment findings from 23 cases of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome were analyzed. These cases were identified either serologically or immunohistochemically in hospitals in the municipality of Uberlândia, State of Minas Gerais. Fever (100%), dyspnea (100%) and myalgia (78%) were the symptoms most frequently observed in this sample. The most prevalent physical signs were hypotension (65%) and tachycardia (65%). The most common laboratory findings included thrombocytopenia (96%), hemoconcentration (83%) and leukocytosis (74%). Abnormal values for liver enzymes were found in all the patients tested and abnormalities in chest radiography were very frequent (95.6%). In 55.5% of the patients, orotracheal intubation and hemodynamic support were required. The present study confirmed the seasonal pattern of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome in the Uberlândia region and the involvement of professional groups who are considered to be at low risk of infection, in the transmission cycle of the disease. The high lethality rate (39%) and the severity of the disease observed in this study may be related to attending to these patients at a late stage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean Ezequiel Limongi
- Centro de Controle de Zoonoses, Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Clement J, Maes P, Van Ranst M. Acute kidney injury in emerging, non-tropical infections. Acta Clin Belg 2007; 62:387-95. [PMID: 18351183 DOI: 10.1179/acb.2007.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Clement
- Hantavirus Reference Centre K.U. Leuven, Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology & Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Belgium.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Raboni SM, Levis S, Rosa EST, Bisordi I, Delfraro A, Lemos E, Correia DC, Duarte Dos Santos CN. Hantavirus infection in Brazil: development and evaluation of an enzyme immunoassay and immunoblotting based on N recombinant protein. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2007; 58:89-97. [PMID: 17383845 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2006.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2006] [Revised: 11/14/2006] [Accepted: 11/17/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The symptoms of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome may resemble those of other febrile illnesses. The development of an accurate diagnostic test should therefore improve clinical prognosis and be useful in epidemiologic studies. We evaluated the use of a recombinant antigen (rNDelta(85)) based on the S-segment sequences of a Brazilian hantavirus for detecting immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against hantavirus in an indirect enzyme immunoassay (EIA). We assayed 613 serum samples (570 from humans and 43 from rodents). IgM EIA had a sensitivity of 94.1% and a specificity of 99.1%. IgG EIA had a sensitivity of 95.2% and a specificity of 98.4%. This evaluation confirms that rNDelta(85) IgM and IgG EIA tests are potentially useful rapid, sensitive, and cost-effective tools for detecting antibodies against hantaviruses indigenous to Brazil and other South American countries, in patients with acute or convalescent hantavirus infection, and in rodent reservoirs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Mara Raboni
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular do Paraná, IBMP, Fiocruz, Rua Prof. Algacyr Munhoz Mader 3775, CIC, 81350 030, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
De Clercq E. Status presens of antiviral drugs and strategies: Part II: RNA VIRUSES (EXCEPT RETROVIRUSES). ADVANCES IN ANTIVIRAL DRUG DESIGN 2007; 5:59-112. [PMID: 32288473 PMCID: PMC7146830 DOI: 10.1016/s1075-8593(06)05002-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
More than 40 compounds have been formally licensed for clinical use as antiviral drugs, and half of these are used for the treatment of HIV infections. The others have been approved for the therapy of herpesvirus (HSV, VZV, CMV), hepadnavirus (HBV), hepacivirus (HCV) and myxovirus (influenza, RSV) infections. New compounds are in clinical development or under preclinical evaluation, and, again, half of these are targeting HIV infections. Yet, quite a number of important viral pathogens (i.e. HPV, HCV, hemorrhagic fever viruses) remain in need of effective and/or improved antiviral therapies.
Collapse
|
34
|
De Clercq E. Viruses and Viral Diseases. COMPREHENSIVE MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY II 2007. [PMCID: PMC7151824 DOI: 10.1016/b0-08-045044-x/00211-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
More than 40 compounds have been formally licensed for clinical use as antiviral drugs, and half of these are used for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections. The others have been approved for the therapy of herpesvirus (herpes simplex virus (HSV), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), cytomegalovirus (CMV)), hepadnavirus (hepatitis B virus (HBV)), hepacivirus (hepatitis C virus (HCV)), and myxovirus (influenza, respiratory synctural virus (RSV)) infections. New compounds are in clinical development or under preclinical evaluation, and, again, half of these target HIV infections. Yet, quite a number of important viral pathogens (i.e., human papilloma virus (HPV), HCV, hemorrhagic fever viruses) remain in need of effective and/or improved antiviral therapies.
Collapse
|
35
|
Tao Z, Wang Z, Song S, Wen H, Ren G, Wang G. Genetic properties of medium (M) and small (S) genomic RNA segments of Seoul hantavirus isolated from Rattus norvegicus and antigenicity analysis of recombinant nucleocapsid protein. Virus Genes 2006; 34:23-30. [PMID: 16927115 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-006-0005-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2006] [Accepted: 05/17/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A novel isolate of Seoul (SEO) hantaviruses was detected and identified in Rattus norvegicus in Shandong Province, China and designated as JUN5-14. The partial M segment and the coding region of nucleocapsid protein (NP) in the S segment of JUN5-14 were PCR-amplified and sequenced. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the partial M segment (300 bp) revealed that JUN5-14 isolate was closely related to former SEO isolates in Shandong (97.3-99.0% homology) and non-Shandong SEO viruses (84.1-97.7% homology) but distantly related to other hantaviruses (61.5-75.1% homology). Consistent with the M segment, the coding region of the NP showed 87.5-97.8% and 97.9-99.8% identity with SEO viruses and 55.2-75.8% and 47.2-84.4% homology with other hantaviruses, at nucleotide and amino acid level, respectively. The virus isolate was identified as a member of the subtype 3 (S3) of SEO viruses by phylogenetic trees generated from the nucleotide sequences of the S and M segments. In order to develop a diagnostic assay for hantavirus infection in human, the full-length NP gene of JUN5-14 was expressed in BHK21 cells using the T7 RNA polymerase expression system. The NP expression was confirmed by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and Western blotting. The expressed NP protein was used as antigen to detect antibody response against NP in patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in an IgG-IFA. Sixteen out of seventeen serum samples showed positive for the presence of anti-NP antibodies, indicating that the recombinant NP (rNP) protein of JUN5-14 was a good antigen for detecting hantavirus infection in human.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zexin Tao
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, China, 44 Wenhuaxilu Road, 250012, Jinan, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Seitsonen E, Hynninen M, Kolho E, Kallio-Kokko H, Pettilä V. Corticosteroids combined with continuous veno-venous hemodiafiltration for treatment of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome caused by Puumala virus infection. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2006; 25:261-6. [PMID: 16550348 PMCID: PMC7101642 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-006-0117-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Reported here are two cases of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome caused by Puumala virus infection, which rapidly resolved after initiation of corticosteroid treatment combined with continuous veno-venous hemodiafiltration. These cases emphasize the role of the inflammatory response in the pathogenesis of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Seitsonen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Stenbäckinkatu 11, P.O. B 281, 00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Guo YC, Zhou YF, Zhang XE, Zhang ZP, Qiao YM, Bi LJ, Wen JK, Liang MF, Zhang JB. Phage display mediated immuno-PCR. Nucleic Acids Res 2006; 34:e62. [PMID: 16682441 PMCID: PMC1458518 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkl260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Immuno-PCR (IPCR) is a powerful detection technology in immunological study and clinical diagnosis due to its ultrasensitivity. Here we introduce a new strategy termed phage display mediated immuno-PCR (PD-IPCR). Instead of utilization of monoclonal antibody (mAb) and chemically bond DNA that required in the conventional IPCR, a recombinant phage particle is applied as a ready reagent for IPCR experiment. The surface displayed single chain variable fragment (scFv) and phage DNA themselves can directly serve as detection antibody and PCR template, respectively. The aim of the design is to overcome shortcoming of low detection sensitivity of scFv so as to largely facilitate the real application of scFv in immunoassay. The idea has been demonstrated by applying hantaan virus nucleocapsid protein (NP) and prion protein (PrP) as detection targets in three experimental protocols (indirect, sandwich and real-time PD-IPCR assays). The detection sensitivity was increased 1000- to 10 000-folds compared with conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). This proof-of-concept study may serve as a new model to develop an easy to operate, low cost and ultrasensitive immunoassay method for broad applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Chao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430071, China
- Graduate School, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100039, China
| | - Ya-Feng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430071, China
| | - Xian-En Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430071, China
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +86 10 58881508; Fax: +86 27 87199;
| | - Zhi-Ping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430071, China
| | - Yan-Mei Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430071, China
- Graduate School, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100039, China
| | - Li-Jun Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101, China
| | - Ji-Kai Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430071, China
| | - Mi-Fang Liang
- Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 100052, China
| | - Ji-Bin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430071, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
Approximately 40 compounds have been formally licensed for clinical use as antiviral drugs, with half of these in use for the treatment of HIV infections. The remaining have been approved for use in the therapy of herpes virus (herpes simplex virus, varicella zoster virus and cytomegalovirus), hepadnavirus, hepacivirus and myxovirus (influenza and respiratory syncytial virus) infections. New compounds are in clinical development or under preclinical evaluation, and again, half of these are intended to target HIV infections. However, quite a number of important viral pathogens (i.e., human papillomavirus, hepatitis C virus and hemorrhagic fever viruses) remain in need of effective and/or improved antiviral therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erik De Clercq
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Severson W, Xu X, Kuhn M, Senutovitch N, Thokala M, Ferron F, Longhi S, Canard B, Jonsson CB. Essential amino acids of the hantaan virus N protein in its interaction with RNA. J Virol 2005; 79:10032-9. [PMID: 16014963 PMCID: PMC1181592 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.79.15.10032-10039.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The nucleocapsid (N) protein of hantavirus encapsidates viral genomic and antigenomic RNAs. Previously, deletion mapping identified a central, conserved region (amino acids 175 to 217) within the Hantaan virus (HTNV) N protein that interacts with a high affinity with these viral RNAs (vRNAs). To further define the boundaries of the RNA binding domain (RBD), several peptides were synthesized and examined for the ability to bind full-length S-segment vRNA. Peptide 195-217 retained 94% of the vRNA bound by the HTNV N protein, while peptides 175-186 and 205-217 bound only 1% of the vRNA. To further explore which residues were essential for binding vRNA, we performed a comprehensive mutational analysis of the amino acids in the RBD. Single and double Ala substitutions were constructed for 18 amino acids from amino acids 175 to 217 in the full-length N protein. In addition, Ala substitutions were made for the three R residues in peptide 185-217. An analysis of protein-RNA interactions by electrophoretic mobility shift assays implicated E192, Y206, and S217 as important for binding. Chemical modification experiments showed that lysine residues, but not arginine or cysteine residues, contribute to RNA binding, which agreed with bioinformatic predictions. Overall, these data implicate lysine residues dispersed from amino acids 175 to 429 of the protein and three amino acids located in the RBD as essential for RNA binding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William Severson
- Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Weed Science, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, 88003, USA. venue
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Maes P, Clement J, Gavrilovskaya I, Van Ranst M. Hantaviruses: Immunology, Treatment, and Prevention. Viral Immunol 2004; 17:481-97. [PMID: 15671746 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2004.17.481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hantaviruses are rodent-borne bunyaviruses that are associated with two main clinical diseases in humans: hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. It has been suggested that host-related immune mechanisms rather than direct viral cytopathology may be responsible for the principal abnormality (vascular dysfunction) in these syndromes. This review summarizes the current knowledge on hantaviral host immune responses, immune abnormalities, laboratory diagnosis, and antiviral therapy as well as the current approaches in vaccine development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piet Maes
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
In recent years, the demand for new antiviral strategies has increased markedly. There are many contributing factors to this increased demand, including the ever-increasing prevalence of chronic viral infections such as HIV and hepatitis B and C, and the emergence of new viruses such as the SARS coronavirus. The potential danger of haemorrhagic fever viruses and eradicated viruses such as variola virus being used as bioterrorist weapons has also increased the profile of antiviral drug discovery. Here, the virus infections for which antiviral therapy is needed and the compounds that are available, or are being developed, for the treatment of these infections are described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erik De Clercq
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Maes P, Keyaerts E, Clement J, Bonnet V, Robert A, Van Ranst M. Detection of Puumala Hantavirus Antibody with ELISA Using a Recombinant Truncated Nucleocapsid Protein Expressed inEscherichia coli. Viral Immunol 2004; 17:315-21. [PMID: 15279709 DOI: 10.1089/0882824041310540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A truncated recombinant nucleocapsid protein (rNp118) consisting of the first 118 amino-terminal amino acids (AA) of the Puumala hantavirus (PUUV) nucleocapsid protein expressed in Escherichia coli, was evaluated for its antigenicity and reliability as serodiagnostic antigen in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of PUUV antibodies in human sera. The PUUV nucleocapsid protein has been shown to contain several B-cell epitopes, mapped within the first 118 amino-terminal AA. This finding makes the rNp118 an interesting recombinant protein to use as serodiagnostic antigen. The sensitivity of this new PUUV-rNp118 ELISA, was compared with those of a commercially available PUUV ELISA assay and an home-made ELISA based on a recombinant whole nucleocapsid protein of PUUV. Eighty-six human serum samples clinically suspected for PUUV-induced nephropathia epidemica, and previously screened with the reference assays, were tested. The sensitivity of the new assay was compared with that of the reference assays and an excellent correlation between the assays was found. Sera found to be negative by other methods were also negative in our assay. The ELISA based on rNp118 represents an alternative and valid test for detection of antibodies to PUUV in human sera.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piet Maes
- Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Keyaerts E, Ghijsels E, Lemey P, Maes P, Zachée P, Daelemans R, Vervoort T, Mertens G, Van Ranst M, Clement J. Plasma Exchange--Associated Immunoglobulin M--Negative Hantavirus Disease after a Camping Holiday in Southern France. Clin Infect Dis 2004; 38:1350-6. [PMID: 15156469 DOI: 10.1086/383311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2003] [Accepted: 12/17/2003] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A 37-year-old Belgian patient presented with acute nephropathia epidemica (NE) shortly after a camping holiday in southern France. Unusual symptoms were initial noncardiogenic lung involvement, followed by severe acute renal failure, acute acalculous cholecystitis, presence of immunoblasts in the bone marrow, and hemolytic anemia, presenting as hemolytic uremic syndrome. Positive immunoglobulin (Ig) A and rising IgG titers against Puumala hantavirus (PUUV) were detected, but IgM remained negative on days 8 and 20. The results of reverse-transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction performed on day 8 were positive for PUUV. This is the first report of an iatrogenically IgM-negative hantavirus case due to the selective removal of heavy-weight molecules during plasma exchange via the centrifugation technique. This is also the first report of proven NE from the Mediterranean part of France.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Els Keyaerts
- Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Affiliation(s)
- Radford G Davis
- Center for Food Security and Public Health, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
Viruses are important pathogens in tropical areas; most of them, especially the tropical hemorrhagic fevers, produce mucocutaneous manifestations. More than any other kind of pathogen, viruses have the possibility for being widespread, since they have a greater probability of mutation than do bacteria, can cross species barriers easily, and infect both human beings and animals in habitats with a great biodiversity. Tropical habitats also have been subject to major ecologic changes in the last few decades, exposing humans to direct contact with these viruses and allowing hemorrhagic fevers due to new emergent viruses such as flaviviruses, filoviruses, arenaviruses, and hantaviruses to become major threats to public health. The collapse of eradication programs in many countries, as well as population increases and ecologic modifications, have led to the spread of dengue and yellow fever to large portions of the world owing to the dissemination of vectors, especially mosquitoes, with broad ecologic ranges. Viruses previously restricted to some geographic areas, such as Rift Valley fever, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, West Nile fever, and monkeypox are now affecting new countries and populations. Other viruses such as herpes B infection often affect travelers and animal handlers in most parts of the world. Dermatologic lesions occur in all these diseases and can facilitate a rapid diagnosis, leading to control of the virus and helping prevent possible outbreaks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omar Lupi
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|