1
|
Hromádka R, Kejík Z, Jakubek M, Kaplánek R, Šandriková V, Urban M, Martásek P, Král V. Pigments from Filamentous Ascomycetes for Combination Therapy. Curr Med Chem 2018; 26:3812-3834. [PMID: 29600749 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180330091933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Filamentous ascomycetes (Neurospora and Monascus) have been studied for a long time because of their production of secondary metabolites such as microbial pigments. The ascomycetes represent an interesting group of compounds with high potential for medicinal applications. Many recent studies have shown their efficacy in the treatment of serious pathological states such as oncological diseases, neurodegenerative diseases and hyperlipidaemia. Nevertheless, the clinical usability of ascomycetes is still limited. However, this problem can be solved by the use of these compounds with combinations of other therapeutic agents. This strategy can suppress their side effects and improve their therapeutic efficacy. Moreover, their co-application can significantly enhance conventional therapies that are used. This review summarizes and discusses the general principles of this approach, introduced and supported by numerous examples. In addition, the prediction of the future potential application of this methodology is included.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Róbert Hromádka
- C2P s.r.o. Jungmannova 101 503 51 Chlumec nad Cidlinou, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Kejík
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Jakubek
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prumyslova 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic.,Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Kaplánek
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prumyslova 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic.,Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Viera Šandriková
- C2P s.r.o. Jungmannova 101 503 51 Chlumec nad Cidlinou, Czech Republic
| | - Marian Urban
- Food Research Institute Prague, Radiova 1285/7, 1285/7, Prague 10, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Martásek
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Král
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prumyslova 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic.,Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Red mold dioscorea decreases blood pressure when administered alone or with amlodipine and is a potentially safe functional food in SHR and WKY rats. J Funct Foods 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2013.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
|
3
|
Eagleton MJ, Bishop PD, Bena JF, Nassoiy SP, Clair DG, Kashyap VS, Ouriel K. Calcium channel blockers and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors may be associated with altered atherosclerotic plaque size and morphology. Vascular 2008; 16:171-8. [PMID: 18674467 DOI: 10.2310/6670.2008.00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Correlations of atherosclerotic plaque attributes with clinical presentation have not been studied in peripheral arterial disease (PAD). The aim of the current study was to identify clinical variables associated with alterations in PAD plaque morphology. Thirty-one patients underwent intravascular ultrasonography (IVUS) at the time of arteriography for symptomatic PAD. IVUS data were analyzed with radiofrequency techniques for quantification of plaque composition, plaque volume, and total vessel volume. Associations between plaque characteristics and clinical variables were evaluated. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed using t-test, Pearson correlations, F-tests, and analysis of variance. Calcium (Ca2+) channel blocker use was associated with a smaller total atherosclerotic plaque burden (44.2 +/- 2.7 vs 52.9 +/- 2.5%; p < .05), and decreased fibrous plaque content (18.2 +/- 1.8% vs 24.0 +/- 1.9%; p < .05). Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor use, however, was associated with a larger total atherosclerotic plaque burden (58.3 +/- 2.2% vs 42.9 +/- 2.1%; p < .01) and larger fibrous plaque content (27.2 +/- 2.0% vs 17.7 +/- 1.6%; p < .001). Multivariable analysis was performed to evaluate which factors may differentially impact the response variable measurements of plaque volume to vessel volume. Based on this model, those without the use of an antihyperlipidemic agent or ACE inhibitor had an average total atherosclerotic plaque burden of 47.7%. Those on an antihyperlipidemic agent had an average decrease of 7.0% (p < .05), whereas those on ACE inhibitors had an average increase of 16.2% from the baseline value (p < .001). The use of calcium channel blockers is associated with significantly decreased atherosclerotic plaque burden and decreased fibrous plaque content, whereas the use of ACE inhibitors was associated with an increase in plaque burden and an increased fibrous plaque content. The use of these medications in PAD may alter plaque morphology with the potential to affect clinical outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Eagleton
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Cleveland Clincic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gopaul KP, Crook MA. Sialic acid: a novel marker of cardiovascular disease? Clin Biochem 2006; 39:667-81. [PMID: 16624269 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2006.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2005] [Revised: 02/19/2006] [Accepted: 02/22/2006] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The global burden posed by cardiovascular disease (CVD), due to a rising incidence of known risk factors, underlines an urgent need to identify other potential risk factors. Sialic acid (SA), an abundant terminal monosaccharide of glycoconjugates, is a possible risk factor for CVD. Although large-scale epidemiological surveys have shown that serum total sialic acid (TSA) is positively associated with mortality from coronary artery disease (CAD) and stroke, studies investigating the correlation between serum TSA and the severity of atherosclerosis are conflicting. Clinical and epidemiological studies indicate that serum TSA is a marker of a sustained inflammatory response in CVD, rather than causal in nature. Data also indicates ethnic variation in baseline TSA. This article reviews current methods for determining serum TSA and evidence supporting serum TSA as a risk factor for CVD. Potential mechanisms for this role are examined. The use of serum TSA as a marker of atherosclerotic disease is evaluated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karina P Gopaul
- Guy's, King's, and St. Thomas' Hospitals School of Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Trion A, de Maat M, Jukema W, Maas A, Offerman E, Havekes L, Szalai A, van der Laarse A, Princen H, Emeis J. Anti-Atherosclerotic Effect of Amlodipine, Alone and in Combination With Atorvastatin, in APOE*3-Leiden/hCRP Transgenic Mice. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2006; 47:89-95. [PMID: 16424791 DOI: 10.1097/01.fjc.0000195603.65858.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the pleiotropic effects of a calcium antagonist (amlodipine) on early atherosclerosis development in the presence and absence of an HMG-CoA-reductase inhibitor (atorvastatin) in apolipoprotein E*3-Leiden/human C-reactive protein (E3L/CRP) transgenic mice. Male E3L/CRP transgenic mice were fed a cholesterol-containing diet either with or without amlodipine and/or atorvastatin. After 31 weeks, atherosclerosis in the aortic root area was quantified. Treatment with amlodipine did not significantly lower blood pressure, but resulted in a 43% reduction (P < 0.03) of lesion area as compared with the untreated group. Treatment with atorvastatin resulted in an 80% reduction of lesion area as compared with the untreated group (P < 0.001). Combined treatment with amlodipine and atorvastatin decreased the lesion area by 93%, significantly more than either treatment alone (P < 0.008). Plasma C-reactive protein levels were mildly elevated, on average 10 +/- 6 mg/L, and did not differ between groups, neither on baseline nor during treatment. Treatment with amlodipine, independently of blood pressure lowering, reduced atherosclerosis development in E3L/CRP mice. Atorvastatin had a strong anti-atherosclerotic effect, whereas co-treatment with amlodipine enhanced this effect significantly. Plasma C-reactive protein levels were not affected by any of the three treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Trion
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Eto Y, Shimokawa H, Fukumoto Y, Matsumoto Y, Morishige K, Kunihiro I, Kandabashi T, Takeshita A. Combination Therapy with Cerivastatin and Nifedipine Improves Endothelial Dysfunction After Balloon Injury in Porcine Coronary Arteries. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2005; 46:1-6. [PMID: 15965348 DOI: 10.1097/01.fjc.0000161404.99079.d2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors and calcium channel blockers have antiatherogenic effects; however, their mechanisms remain to be elucidated. This study examined the effect of cerivastatin and/or nifedipine on the endothelial dysfunction in porcine balloon-injured coronary arteries. Normal male pigs were randomly divided into the following four groups: control, cerivastatin (1 mg/kg/d PO), nifedipine (4 mg/kg/d PO), and their combination (n = 10 each). We started the treatments 3 days before balloon injury in the proximal left coronary arteries and continued for 4 weeks after the procedure. Then, we examined endothelial vasodilator functions ex vivo in organ chambers and in vitro by Western blotting for eNOS expression. Endothelium-dependent relaxations to serotonin, but not those to bradykinin or the calcium ionophore A23187 or endothelium-independent relaxations to sodium nitroprusside, were significantly impaired by balloon injury. The monotherapy with cerivastatin or nifedipine partially improved, and their combination supernormalized the relaxations to serotonin without affecting those to bradykinin or A23187 or endothelium-independent relaxations to sodium nitroprusside. The expression of eNOS was significantly reduced by balloon injury and normalized by the combination therapy. These results indicate that the combination therapy improves endothelial dysfunction after balloon injury, in which the up-regulation of eNOS may be involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Eto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
Hypertension and hypercholesterolemia are frequently associated, and their treatment is proven to reduce cardiovascular risk. Current guidelines on cardiovascular prevention strongly recommend treating both disorders. Unfortunately, the low treatment and control rates, combined with the high prevalence of both conditions, still contribute to the high burden of cardiovascular disease in Western countries. In the past 5 years, many studies evaluating the benefit of combined antihypertensive and lipid-lowering treatment on endothelial dysfunction, coronary atherosclerosis, hypertension control, and on primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular events have been published. In this article, we discuss and critically evaluate the available evidence on the potential benefits of combined antihypertensive and lipid-lowering treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Cesari
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinica Medica 4, University of Padova, via Giustiniani, 2, 35126 Padova, Italy.
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Willis AI, Pierre-Paul D, Sumpio BE, Gahtan V. Vascular smooth muscle cell migration: current research and clinical implications. Vasc Endovascular Surg 2004; 38:11-23. [PMID: 14760473 DOI: 10.1177/153857440403800102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis and intimal hyperplasia are major causes of morbidity and mortality. These processes develop secondary to endothelial injury due to multiple stimuli, including smoking, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. Once this injury occurs, an essential element in the development of both these processes is vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration. Understanding the mechanisms involved in VSMC migration and ultimately the development of strategies by which this process can be inhibited, has been a major focus of research. The authors present a review of the extracellular proteins (growth factors, extracellular matrix components, and cell surface receptors) and intracellular signaling pathways involved in VSMC migration, as well as potential therapeutic approaches to inhibit this process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A I Willis
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|