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Cardiolipin for Enhanced Cellular Uptake and Cytotoxicity of Thermosensitive Liposome-Encapsulated Daunorubicin toward Breast Cancer Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911763. [PMID: 36233061 PMCID: PMC9569717 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Daunorubicin (DNR) and cardiolipin (CL) were co-delivered using thermosensitive liposomes (TSLs). 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC), 1-myristoyl-2-stearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (MSPC), cholesterol, 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[methoxy(polyethylene glycol)-2000] or DSPE-mPEG (2000) and CL were used in the formulation of liposomes at a molar ratio of 57:40:30:3:20, respectively. CL forms raft-like microdomains that may relocate and change lipid organization of the outer and inner mitochondrial membranes. Such transbilayer lipid movement eventually leads to membrane permeabilization. TSLs were prepared by thin-film hydration (drug:lipid ratio 1:5) where DNR was encapsulated within the aqueous core of the liposomes and CL acted as a component of the lipid bilayer. The liposomes exhibited high drug encapsulation efficiency (>90%), small size (~115 nm), narrow size distribution (polydispersity index ~0.12), and a rapid release profile under the influence of mild hyperthermia. The liposomes also exhibited ~4-fold higher cytotoxicity against MDA-MB-231 cells compared to DNR or liposomes similar to DaunoXome® (p < 0.001). This study provides a basis for developing a co-delivery system of DNR and CL encapsulated in liposomes for treatment of breast cancer.
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Alrbyawi H, Poudel I, Annaji M, Arnold RD, Tiwari AK, Babu RJ. Recent Advancements of Stimuli-Responsive Targeted Liposomal Formulations for Cancer Drug Delivery. Pharm Nanotechnol 2022; 10:3-23. [PMID: 35156590 DOI: 10.2174/2211738510666220214102626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Liposomes have gained attention as a well-accepted nanocarrier for several chemotherapeutic drugs and are considered a drug delivery system of choice for a wide range of products. These amphipathic spherical vesicles primarily consist of one or more phospholipid bilayers, showing promise for drug delivery of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic components in addition to unique properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, low toxicity, and non-immunogenicity. Recent advances in liposomes are mainly centered on chemical and structural modification with the multifunctional approach to target the cancer cells activating the offensive mechanisms within the proximity of the tumors. Stimuli-responsive liposomes are a precisive approach to deliver and release chemotherapeutic drugs in the tumor site in a controlled fashion, thus reducing damage to normal tissues and preventing the side effects of the conventional chemotherapy regimen. The unique characteristics in the tumor microenvironment facilitate applying an endogenous stimulus (pH, redox potential, or enzymatic activity) to trigger the release of the drug, or external stimulus (heat or light) could be applied to tailor the drug release from liposomes. This review focuses on newer developments in stimuli-sensitive liposomal drug delivery systems designed to apply either exogenous (temperature, light, and magnetic field) or endogenous (pH changes, enzymatic triggers, or redox potential) approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamad Alrbyawi
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, AL 36849, USA
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ishwor Poudel
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, AL 36849, USA
| | - Manjusha Annaji
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, AL 36849, USA
| | - Robert D Arnold
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, AL 36849, USA
| | - Amit K Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, 43614, USA
| | - R Jayachandra Babu
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, AL 36849, USA
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3
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Jha SK, Imran M, Paudel KR, Mohammed Y, Hansbro P, Dua K. Treating primary lymphoma of the brain in AIDS patients via multifunctional oral nanoparticulate systems. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2022; 17:425-429. [PMID: 35109703 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2021-0444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Saurav Kumar Jha
- Department of Biomedicine, Health & Life Convergence Sciences, BK21 Four, Biomedical & Healthcare Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam, 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohammad Imran
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Keshav Raj Paudel
- Centre of Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Yousuf Mohammed
- Therapeutics Research Group, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Philip Hansbro
- Centre of Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia.,Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary & Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, 2007, Ultimo, Australia
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Liu S, Khan AR, Yang X, Dong B, Ji J, Zhai G. The reversal of chemotherapy-induced multidrug resistance by nanomedicine for cancer therapy. J Control Release 2021; 335:1-20. [PMID: 33991600 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) of cancer is a persistent problem in chemotherapy. Scientists have considered the overexpressed efflux transporters responsible for MDR and chemotherapy failure. MDR extremely limits the therapeutic effect of chemotherapy in cancer treatment. Many strategies have been applied to solve this problem. Multifunctional nanoparticles may be one of the most promising approaches to reverse MDR of tumor. These nanoparticles can keep stability in the blood circulation and selectively accumulated in the tumor microenvironment (TME) either by passive or active targeting. The stimuli-sensitive or organelle-targeting nanoparticles can release the drug at the targeted-site without exposure to normal tissues. In order to better understand reversal of MDR, three main strategies are concluded in this review. First strategy is the synergistic effect of chemotherapeutic drugs and ABC transporter inhibitors. Through directly inhibiting overexpressed ABC transporters, chemotherapeutic drugs can enter into resistant cells without being efflux. Second strategy is based on nanoparticles circumventing over-expressed efflux transporters and directly targeting resistance-related organelles. Third approach is the combination of multiple therapy modes overcoming cancer resistance. At last, numerous researches demonstrated cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) had a deep relation with drug resistance. Here, we discuss two different drug delivery approaches of nanomedicine based on CSC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangui Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Abdur Rauf Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Xiaoye Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Bo Dong
- Department of cardiovascular medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan 250021, PR China
| | - Jianbo Ji
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Guangxi Zhai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China.
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Barkat HA, Das SS, Barkat MA, Beg S, Hadi HA. Selective targeting of cancer signaling pathways with nanomedicines: challenges and progress. Future Oncol 2020; 16:2959-2979. [PMID: 32805124 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2020-0198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Regardless of advances in understanding the molecular mechanics of cancer, its treatment is still lacking and the death rates for many forms of the disease remain the same as six decades ago. Although a variety of therapeutic agents and strategies have been reported, these therapies often failed to provide efficient therapy to patients as a consequence of the inability to deliver right and adequate chemotherapeutic agents to the right place. However, the situation has started to revolutionize substantially with the advent of novel 'targeted' nanocarrier-based cancer therapies. Such therapies hold great potential in cancer management as they are biocompatible, tailored to specific needs, tolerated and deliver enough drugs at the targeted site. Their use also enhances the delivery of chemotherapeutics by improving biodistribution, lowering toxicity, inhibiting degradation and increasing cellular uptake. However, in some instances, nonselective targeting is not enough and the inclusion of a ligand moiety is required to achieve tumor targeting and enhanced drug accumulation at the tumor site. This contemporary review outlines the targeting potential of nanocarriers, highlighting the essentiality of nanoparticles, tumor-associated molecular signaling pathways, and various biological and pathophysiological barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshita Abul Barkat
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hafr Al Batin, Al Jamiah, Hafr Al-Batin, 39524, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabya Sachi Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, BIT, Mesra, Ranchi, 835215, Jharkhand, India
| | - Md Abul Barkat
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hafr Al Batin, Al Jamiah, Hafr Al-Batin, 39524, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarwar Beg
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Nanomedicine Research Lab, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Hazrina Ab Hadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Pahang, 25200, Malaysia
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HOSSEINZADEH Z, RAZZAGHI-ASL N, RAMAZANI A, AGHAHOSSEINI H, RAMAZANI A. Synthesis, cytotoxic assessment, and molecular docking studies of 2,6-diaryl-substituted pyridine and 3,4- dihydropyrimidine-2(1H)-one scaffolds. Turk J Chem 2020; 44:194-213. [PMID: 33488152 PMCID: PMC7751820 DOI: 10.3906/kim-1903-72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the main global health problems. In order to develop novel antitumor agents, we synthesized 3,4-dihydropyrimidine-2(1H)-one (DHPM) and 2,6-diaryl-substituted pyridine derivatives as potential antitumor structures and evaluated their cytotoxic effects against several cancer cell lines. An easy and convenient method is reported for the synthesis of these derivatives, employing cobalt ferrite (CoFe 2 O 4 @SiO 2 -SO 3 H) magnetic nanoparticles under microwave irradiation and solvent-free conditions. The structural characteristics of the prepared nanocatalyst were investigated by FTIR, XRD, SEM, and TGA techniques. In vitro cytotoxic effects of the synthesized products were assessed against the human breast adenocarcinoma cell line (MCF-7), gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS), and human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells via MTT assay. The results indicated that compound 4r (DHPM derivative) was the most toxic molecule against the MCF-7 cell line (IC 50 of 0.17 μg/mL). Moreover, compounds 4j and 4r (DHPM derivatives) showed excellent cytotoxic activities against the AGS cell line, with an IC 50 of 4.90 and 4.97 μg/mL, respectively. Although they are pyridine derivatives, compounds 5g and 5m were more active against the MCF-7 cell line. Results showed that the candidate compounds exhibited low cytotoxicity against HEK293 cells. The kinesin Eg5 inhibitory potential of the candidate compounds was evaluated by molecular docking. The docking results showed that, among the pyridine derivatives, compound 5m had the most free energy of binding (-9.52 kcal/mol) and lowest Ki (0.105 μM), and among the pyrimidine derivatives, compound 4r had the most free energy of binding (-7.67 kcal/mol) and lowest Ki (2.39 μM). Ligand-enzyme affinity maps showed that compounds 4r and 5m had the potential to interact with the Eg5 binding site via H-bond interactions to GLU116 and GLY117 residues. The results of our study strongly suggest that DHPM and pyridine derivatives inhibit important tumorigenic features of breast and gastric cancer cells. Our results may be helpful in the further design of DHPMs and pyridine derivatives as potential anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nima RAZZAGHI-ASL
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, ArdabilIran
| | - Ali RAMAZANI
- Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, ZanjanIran
| | - Hamideh AGHAHOSSEINI
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zanjan, ZanjanIran
- Research Institute of Modern Biological Techniques, University of Zanjan, ZanjanIran
| | - Ali RAMAZANI
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zanjan, ZanjanIran
- Research Institute of Modern Biological Techniques, University of Zanjan, ZanjanIran
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Anantacharya R, Satyanarayan ND, Kalal BS, Pai VR. Cytotoxic, DNA Cleavage and Pharmacokinetic Parameter Study of Substituted Novel Furan C-2 Quinoline Coupled 1, 2, 4-Triazole and Its Analogs. THE OPEN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY JOURNAL 2018; 12:60-72. [PMID: 30008962 PMCID: PMC5997846 DOI: 10.2174/1874104501812010060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Furan, quinoline and triazoles are known for their wide spectrum biologically active molecules. A series of novel furan C-2 quinoline and 1, 2, 4-triazole (FQT) coupled hybrids were designed and synthesized to evaluate for their DNA cleavage and cytotoxic studies. OBJECTIVES In this work we describe the synthesis and biological evaluation of furan C-2 quinoline coupled triazoles exposed for cytotoxic and DNA cleavage study. METHODS The electrophoretic DNA cleavage studies on λ-DNA (Eco-RI/Hinda-III double digest) using agarose gelelectrophoresis and the cytotoxic activity were carried out by MTT assay method. RESULTS The results revealed that, the molecules 7(a-o) did cleave the DNA completely with no trace of fragments at 100 µg concentration, on the other hand, cytotoxic assay was achieved by two different human cancer cell lines (melanoma cell line-A375 and breast cancer cell line MDA-MB 231). Among the synthesized compounds 7a, 7b, 7c and 7k exhibited potent cytotoxic activity with IC50 values ranging from 2.9, 4.0, 7.8 and 5.1 µg/ml against A375 and 6.2, 9.5, 11.3 and 7.3 µg/ml against, MDA-MB 231, respectively. CONCLUSION In synthesized compounds 7(a-o) exhibited complete DNA cleavage at 100 µg/ml and the compounds 7a, 7b, 7c and 7k showed very less cytotoxic in nature. The structure activity relationship revealed that, the presence of halogen group/atoms at para position of phenyl ring remarkably enhanced the DNA cleavage and cytotoxic activities among the synthesized compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajpurohit Anantacharya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kuvempu University, Post Graduate Centre, Kadur, 577548, Chikkamagalur Dist, Karnataka, India
| | - Nayak D. Satyanarayan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kuvempu University, Post Graduate Centre, Kadur, 577548, Chikkamagalur Dist, Karnataka, India
| | - Bhuvanesh Sukhlal Kalal
- Department of Biochemistry, Yenepoya Medical College, Yenepoya University, Mangaluru, 575018, Karnataka, India
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya University, Mangaluru, 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Vinitha Ramanath Pai
- Department of Biochemistry, Yenepoya Medical College, Yenepoya University, Mangaluru, 575018, Karnataka, India
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Olusanya TOB, Haj Ahmad RR, Ibegbu DM, Smith JR, Elkordy AA. Liposomal Drug Delivery Systems and Anticancer Drugs. Molecules 2018; 23:E907. [PMID: 29662019 PMCID: PMC6017847 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 297] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a life-threatening disease contributing to ~3.4 million deaths worldwide. There are various causes of cancer, such as smoking, being overweight or obese, intake of processed meat, radiation, family history, stress, environmental factors, and chance. The first-line treatment of cancer is the surgical removal of solid tumours, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. The systemic administration of the free drug is considered to be the main clinical failure of chemotherapy in cancer treatment, as limited drug concentration reaches the tumour site. Most of the active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) used in chemotherapy are highly cytotoxic to both cancer and normal cells. Accordingly, targeting the tumour vasculatures is essential for tumour treatment. In this context, encapsulation of anti-cancer drugs within the liposomal system offers secure platforms for the targeted delivery of anti-cancer drugs for the treatment of cancer. This, in turn, can be helpful for reducing the cytotoxic side effects of anti-cancer drugs on normal cells. This short-review focuses on the use of liposomes in anti-cancer drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temidayo O B Olusanya
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sunderland, Sunderland SR1 3SD, UK.
| | - Rita Rushdi Haj Ahmad
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sunderland, Sunderland SR1 3SD, UK.
| | - Daniel M Ibegbu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Enugu Campus, Nigeria.
| | - James R Smith
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK.
| | - Amal Ali Elkordy
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sunderland, Sunderland SR1 3SD, UK.
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9
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Assali M, Shakaa A, Abu-Hejleh S, Abu-Omar R, Karajeh N, Ajory N, Zyoud S, Sweileh W. A cross-sectional study of the availability and pharmacist's knowledge of nano-pharmaceutical drugs in Palestinian hospitals. BMC Health Serv Res 2018; 18:250. [PMID: 29622013 PMCID: PMC5887200 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-018-3060-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nanomedicine is the medical application of nanomaterials that may have an infinite size with the range less than 100 nm. This science has provided solutions to many of the current limitations in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Therefore, the pharmacist's knowledge and awareness of nano-pharmaceutical drugs will increase their availability in the market, and will improve the patient's compliance to their drug therapy. This study aimed to determine the availability of nano-pharmaceutical drugs in Palestinian hospitals and evaluate the extent of pharmacist's knowledge about them. METHODS A cross-sectional study design questionnaire was used to determine the availability of nano-pharmaceutical drugs based on the database of the ministry of health in the Palestinian hospitals (governmental, private and non- governmental organizations). Moreover, the knowledge of these nano-pharmaceutical drugs among pharmacists working in Palestinian hospitals was assessed based on developed questionnaire from the literature of the pharmaceutical formulations and nano-formulations. The variables were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS 22). RESULT Fifty six pharmacists from 27 hospitals in the West bank completed the survey. The results regarding the availability of nano-pharmaceutical drugs indicated only eight available in hospitals with a frequency range 0-39.3%. Moreover, pharmacist's knowledge in the pharmaceutical formulations was better than that in nano-formulations. CONCLUSIONS The availability of nano-pharmaceutical drugs in Palestinian hospitals was not adequate due to the lack of various nano-pharmaceutical drugs. The knowledge among pharmacists regarding nano-pharmaceutical drugs should be improved by providing courses in nanomedicine during the undergraduate pharmacy programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohyeddin Assali
- 0000 0004 0631 5695grid.11942.3fDepartment of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Ali Shakaa
- 0000 0004 0631 5695grid.11942.3fDepartment of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Sabaa Abu-Hejleh
- 0000 0004 0631 5695grid.11942.3fDepartment of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Reham Abu-Omar
- 0000 0004 0631 5695grid.11942.3fDepartment of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Nareman Karajeh
- 0000 0004 0631 5695grid.11942.3fDepartment of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Nawal Ajory
- 0000 0004 0631 5695grid.11942.3fDepartment of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Saed Zyoud
- 0000 0004 0631 5695grid.11942.3fDepartment of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Waleed Sweileh
- 0000 0004 0631 5695grid.11942.3fDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
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10
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Lee WH, Loo CY, Leong CR, Young PM, Traini D, Rohanizadeh R. The achievement of ligand-functionalized organic/polymeric nanoparticles for treating multidrug resistant cancer. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2016; 14:937-957. [DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2017.1247804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wing-Hin Lee
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research and Discipline of Pharmacology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ching-Yee Loo
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research and Discipline of Pharmacology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Chean-Ring Leong
- Section of Bioengineering Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur (UNIKL) MICET, Alor Gajah, Malaysia
| | - Paul M. Young
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research and Discipline of Pharmacology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Daniela Traini
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research and Discipline of Pharmacology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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11
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Sun L, Wu Q, Peng F, Liu L, Gong C. Strategies of polymeric nanoparticles for enhanced internalization in cancer therapy. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 135:56-72. [PMID: 26241917 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In order to achieve long circulation time and high drug accumulation in the tumor sites via the EPR effects, anticancer drugs have to be protected by non-fouling polymers such as poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), dextran, and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA). However, the dense layer of stealth polymer also prohibits efficient uptake of anticancer drugs by target cancer cells. For cancer therapy, it is often more desirable to accomplish rapid cellular uptake after anticancer drugs arriving at the pathological site, which could on one hand maximize the therapeutic efficacy and on the other hand reduce probability of drug resistance in cells. In this review, special attention will be focused on the recent potential strategies that can enable drug-loaded polymeric nanoparticles to rapidly recognize cancer cells, leading to enhanced internalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Qinjie Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Feng Peng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Changyang Gong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
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12
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Advanced targeted therapies in cancer: Drug nanocarriers, the future of chemotherapy. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2015; 93:52-79. [PMID: 25813885 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2015.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1006] [Impact Index Per Article: 111.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is the second worldwide cause of death, exceeded only by cardiovascular diseases. It is characterized by uncontrolled cell proliferation and an absence of cell death that, except for hematological cancers, generates an abnormal cell mass or tumor. This primary tumor grows thanks to new vascularization and, in time, acquires metastatic potential and spreads to other body sites, which causes metastasis and finally death. Cancer is caused by damage or mutations in the genetic material of the cells due to environmental or inherited factors. While surgery and radiotherapy are the primary treatment used for local and non-metastatic cancers, anti-cancer drugs (chemotherapy, hormone and biological therapies) are the choice currently used in metastatic cancers. Chemotherapy is based on the inhibition of the division of rapidly growing cells, which is a characteristic of the cancerous cells, but unfortunately, it also affects normal cells with fast proliferation rates, such as the hair follicles, bone marrow and gastrointestinal tract cells, generating the characteristic side effects of chemotherapy. The indiscriminate destruction of normal cells, the toxicity of conventional chemotherapeutic drugs, as well as the development of multidrug resistance, support the need to find new effective targeted treatments based on the changes in the molecular biology of the tumor cells. These novel targeted therapies, of increasing interest as evidenced by FDA-approved targeted cancer drugs in recent years, block biologic transduction pathways and/or specific cancer proteins to induce the death of cancer cells by means of apoptosis and stimulation of the immune system, or specifically deliver chemotherapeutic agents to cancer cells, minimizing the undesirable side effects. Although targeted therapies can be achieved directly by altering specific cell signaling by means of monoclonal antibodies or small molecules inhibitors, this review focuses on indirect targeted approaches that mainly deliver chemotherapeutic agents to molecular targets overexpressed on the surface of tumor cells. In particular, we offer a detailed description of different cytotoxic drug carriers, such as liposomes, carbon nanotubes, dendrimers, polymeric micelles, polymeric conjugates and polymeric nanoparticles, in passive and active targeted cancer therapy, by enhancing the permeability and retention or by the functionalization of the surface of the carriers, respectively, emphasizing those that have received FDA approval or are part of the most important clinical studies up to date. These drug carriers not only transport the chemotherapeutic agents to tumors, avoiding normal tissues and reducing toxicity in the rest of the body, but also protect cytotoxic drugs from degradation, increase the half-life, payload and solubility of cytotoxic agents and reduce renal clearance. Despite the many advantages of all the anticancer drug carriers analyzed, only a few of them have reached the FDA approval, in particular, two polymer-protein conjugates, five liposomal formulations and one polymeric nanoparticle are available in the market, in contrast to the sixteen FDA approval of monoclonal antibodies. However, there are numerous clinical trials in progress of polymer-protein and polymer-drug conjugates, liposomal formulations, including immunoliposomes, polymeric micelles and polymeric nanoparticles. Regarding carbon nanotubes or dendrimers, there are no FDA approvals or clinical trials in process up to date due to their unresolved toxicity. Moreover, we analyze in detail the more promising and advanced preclinical studies of the particular case of polymeric nanoparticles as carriers of different cytotoxic agents to active and passive tumor targeting published in the last 5 years, since they have a huge potential in cancer therapy, being one of the most widely studied nano-platforms in this field in the last years. The interest that these formulations have recently achieved is stressed by the fact that 90% of the papers based on cancer therapeutics with polymeric nanoparticles have been published in the last 6 years (PubMed search).
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Zeng F, Ju RJ, Li XT, Lu WL. Advances in investigations on the mechanism of cancer multidrug resistance and the liposomes-based treatment strategy. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-014-0154-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Crawford L, Putnam D. Synthesis and Characterization of Macromolecular Rhodamine Tethers and Their Interactions with P-Glycoprotein. Bioconjug Chem 2014; 25:1462-9. [DOI: 10.1021/bc5002196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey Crawford
- School
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and ‡Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - David Putnam
- School
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and ‡Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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Abstract
Nanoparticles are rapidly being developed and trialed to overcome several limitations of traditional drug delivery systems and are coming up as a distinct therapeutics for cancer treatment. Conventional chemotherapeutics possess some serious side effects including damage of the immune system and other organs with rapidly proliferating cells due to nonspecific targeting, lack of solubility, and inability to enter the core of the tumors resulting in impaired treatment with reduced dose and with low survival rate. Nanotechnology has provided the opportunity to get direct access of the cancerous cells selectively with increased drug localization and cellular uptake. Nanoparticles can be programmed for recognizing the cancerous cells and giving selective and accurate drug delivery avoiding interaction with the healthy cells. This review focuses on cell recognizing ability of nanoparticles by various strategies having unique identifying properties that distinguish them from previous anticancer therapies. It also discusses specific drug delivery by nanoparticles inside the cells illustrating many successful researches and how nanoparticles remove the side effects of conventional therapies with tailored cancer treatment.
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Reversal of ATP-binding cassette drug transporter activity to modulate chemoresistance: why has it failed to provide clinical benefit? Cancer Metastasis Rev 2013; 32:211-27. [PMID: 23093326 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-012-9402-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Enhanced drug extrusion from cells due to the overexpression of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) drug transporters inhibits the cytotoxic effects of structurally diverse and mechanistically unrelated anticancer agents and is a major cause of multidrug resistance (MDR) of human malignancies. Multiple compounds can suppress the activity of these efflux transporters and sensitize resistant tumor cells, but despite promising preclinical and early clinical data, they have yet to find a role in oncologic practice. Based on the knowledge of the structure, function, and distribution of MDR-related ABC transporters and the results of their preclinical and clinical evaluation, we discuss probable reasons why these inhibitors have not improved the outcome of therapy for cancer patients. We also outline new MDR-reversing strategies that directly target ABC transporters or circumvent relevant signaling pathways.
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Bashandy MS, Alsaid MS, Arafa RK, Ghorab MM. Design, synthesis and molecular docking of novel N,N-dimethylbenzenesulfonamide derivatives as potential antiproliferative agents. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2013; 29:619-27. [DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2013.833197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud S. Bashandy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University
Nasr City, CairoEgypt
| | - Mansour S. Alsaid
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University
RiyadhKingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem K. Arafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University
CairoEgypt
| | - Mostafa M. Ghorab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University
RiyadhKingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Deprtment of Drug Radiation Research, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy
CairoEgypt
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Abstract
P-glycoprotein (P-gp), an efflux membrane transporter, is widely distributed throughout the body and is responsible for limiting cellular uptake and the distribution of xenobiotics and toxic substances. Hundreds of structurally diverse therapeutic agents are substrates to it and it impedes the absorption, permeability, and retention of the drugs, extruding them out of the cells. It is overexpressed in cancer cells and accountable for obstructing cell internalization of chemotherapeutic agents and for developing transporter mediated resistance by cancer cells during anti-tumor treatments. As it jeopardizes the success of drug delivery and cancer targeting, strategies are being developed to overcome P-gp mediated drug transport. This concise review represents a brief discussion on P-gp mediated drug transport and how it hinders the success of various therapies. Its main focus is on various strategies used to tackle this curb in the field of drug delivery and targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Lutful Amin
- Department of Pharmacy, Stamford University Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Liu D, Yang PS. Minocycline hydrochloride nanoliposomes inhibit the production of TNF-α in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:4769-75. [PMID: 22973098 PMCID: PMC3433324 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s34036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As an adjunctive treatment of chronic periodontitis, it seems that the application of periocline or the other antimicrobials is effective against periodontopathogens. In this study, nanoliposomes were investigated as carriers of minocycline hydrochloride and the inhibition effects of minocycline hydrochloride nanoliposomes on the proliferation and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated production of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) of macrophages were elucidated. Methods After stimulation with 10 μg/mL LPS, murine macrophages (ANA-1) were treated with 10, 20, 40, 50 and 70 μg/mL 2% minocycline hydrochloride nanoliposomes, minocycline hydrochloride solution, and periocline for 6, 12, 24, 48 and 60 hours, respectively. A tetrazolium (MTT) assay was used to evaluate macrophages cell proliferation rate and the levels of TNF-α mRNA were measured by SYBR Green Real Time PCR. Results Ten to 70 μg/mL 2% minocycline hydrochloride nanoliposomes, minocycline hydrochloride solution, and periocline showed dose- and time-dependent inhibition of ANA-1 proliferation. Minocycline hydrochloride nanoliposomes showed dose- and ratio-dependent inhibition of LPS-stimulated TNF-α secretion of ANA-1. The inhibition effect of 10 μg/mL minocycline hydrochloride nanoliposomes was significantly better than that of two positive control groups, and equated to that of 60 or 70 μg/mL periocline. The expression of TNF-α mRNA in experimental group continued to reduce linearly with time. Conclusion All three preparations of minocycline hydrochloride showed dose- and time-dependent inhibition of proliferation of ANA-1. Minocycline hydrochloride nanoliposomes have stronger and longer inhibition effect on LPS-stimulated TNF-α secretion of macrophages cell than minocycline hydrochloride solution and periocline.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, College of Stomatology, Shandong University, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
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Song CK, Lee JH, Jahn A, Choi MJ, Namgoong SK, Hong SS, Chong S, Shim CK, Chung SJ, Kim DD. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of N,N,N-trimethylphytosphingosine-iodide (TMP) in liposomes for the treatment of angiogenesis and metastasis. Int J Pharm 2012; 434:191-8. [PMID: 22643227 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Revised: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/19/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Phytosphingosine and methyl derivatives are important mediators on cellular processes, and are associated with cell growth and death. The antitumor activity of N,N,N-trimethylphytosphingosine-iodide (TMP) as a novel potent inhibitor of angiogenesis and metastasis was evaluated in B16F10 murine melanoma cells. The results indicated that TMP itself effectively inhibited in vitro cell migration, tube formation, and the expression of angiogenic factors as well as in vivo lung metastasis. However, TMP slightly suppressed in vivo experimental tumor metastasis in its free form and induced side effects including hemolysis and local side effects. Therefore, in an attempt to reduce the toxicity and the undesirable side effects of TMP, a liposomal formulation was prepared and tested for its effectiveness. TMP liposomes retained the effectiveness of TMP in vitro while side effects were reduced, and both in vivo experimental and spontaneous tumor metastasis were significantly suppressed. These results support the conclusion that TMP effectively inhibits in vitro angiogenesis as well as in vivo metastasis, and a liposomal formulation is more efficient delivery system for TMP treatment than solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung Kil Song
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
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Shi M, Lu J, Shoichet MS. Organic nanoscale drug carriers coupled with ligands for targeted drug delivery in cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/b822319j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Torchilin
- Northeastern University, Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA ;
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Huwyler J, Drewe J, Krähenbuhl S. Tumor targeting using liposomal antineoplastic drugs. Int J Nanomedicine 2008; 3:21-9. [PMID: 18488413 DOI: 10.2217/17435889.3.1.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last years, liposomes (microparticulate phospholipid vesicles) have been used with growing success as pharmaceutical carriers for antineoplastic drugs. Fields of application include lipid-based formulations to enhance the solubility of poorly soluble antitumor drugs, the use of pegylated liposomes for passive targeting of solid tumors as well as vector-conjugated liposomal carriers for active targeting of tumor tissue. Such formulation and drug targeting strategies enhance the effectiveness of anticancer chemotherapy and reduce at the same time the risk of toxic side-effects. The present article reviews the principles of different liposomal technologies and discusses current trends in this field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Huwyler
- University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland, Institute of Pharma Technology, Muttenz, Switzerland.
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Peer D, Karp JM, Hong S, Farokhzad OC, Margalit R, Langer R. Nanocarriers as an emerging platform for cancer therapy. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2007; 2:751-60. [PMID: 18654426 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2007.387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5840] [Impact Index Per Article: 343.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has the potential to revolutionize cancer diagnosis and therapy. Advances in protein engineering and materials science have contributed to novel nanoscale targeting approaches that may bring new hope to cancer patients. Several therapeutic nanocarriers have been approved for clinical use. However, to date, there are only a few clinically approved nanocarriers that incorporate molecules to selectively bind and target cancer cells. This review examines some of the approved formulations and discusses the challenges in translating basic research to the clinic. We detail the arsenal of nanocarriers and molecules available for selective tumour targeting, and emphasize the challenges in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Peer
- Department of Anesthesia, Immune Disease Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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25
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Kobayashi T, Ishida T, Okada Y, Ise S, Harashima H, Kiwada H. Effect of transferrin receptor-targeted liposomal doxorubicin in P-glycoprotein-mediated drug resistant tumor cells. Int J Pharm 2007; 329:94-102. [PMID: 16997518 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2006.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2006] [Revised: 07/21/2006] [Accepted: 08/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The over-expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) has been associated with the development of multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer cells. In this study, we examined whether transferrin receptor (Tf-R) targeted liposomes can efficiently deliver encapsulated doxorubicin (DXR) into MDR cells (SBC-3/ADM) via Tf-R-mediated endocytosis thus overcoming MDR by by-passing P-gp-mediated drug efflux. We prepared four types of liposome, i.e. untargeted and Tf-R-targeted, made of either egg-PC/cholesterol or hydrogenated egg PC/cholesterol. Only with the targeted EPC-liposome we achieved significant delivery of encapsulated DXR and increased cytotoxicity of encapsulated DXR on the MDR cells (3.5-fold higher than free DXR). Confocal microscopy and an intracellular drug-accumulation assay indicated that the targeted liposomes efficiently delivered DXR into cells where it readily accumulated in the nucleus, in both drug-sensitive and MDR cells. These findings suggest that the targeted liposomes are rapidly internalized via Tf-R-mediated endocytosis followed by release of their contents into the cytoplasm. The rapid internalization and content release, most likely facilitated by the higher fluidity of the EPC-based liposomes, may explain why only targeted EPC-liposomes were able to prevent drug efflux by P-gp and to consequently circumvent MDR. Our results indicate that in order to achieve MDR circumvention by means of liposomal encapsulation of DXR the liposomes not only need to be targeted, but also to have the proper physicochemical properties for adequate release of the drug. Furthermore, these in vitro results suggest that Tf-R targeted EPC-liposomes are a potentially useful drug delivery system to circumvent P-gp-mediated MDR of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomotaka Kobayashi
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokushima, 1-78-1 Sho-machi, Tokushima 770-8505, Tokushima, Japan
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Noble CO, Kirpotin DB, Hayes ME, Mamot C, Hong K, Park JW, Benz CC, Marks JD, Drummond DC. Development of ligand-targeted liposomes for cancer therapy. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2006; 8:335-53. [PMID: 15268628 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.8.4.335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The continued evolution of targeted liposomal therapeutics has resulted in new agents with remarkable antitumour efficacy and relatively mild toxicity profiles. A careful selection of the ligand is necessary to reduce immunogenicity, retain extended circulation lifetimes, target tumour-specific cell surface epitopes, and induce internalisation and subsequent release of the therapeutic substance from the liposome. Methods for assembling targeted liposomes, including a novel micellar insertion technology, for incorporation of targeting molecules that efficiently transforms a non-targeted liposomal therapeutic to a targeted one, greatly assist the translation of targeted liposome technology into the clinic. Targeting strategies with liposomes directed at solid tumours and vascular targets are discussed. The authors believe the development of ligand-targeted liposomes is now in the advanced stage and offers unique and important advantages among other targeted therapies. Anti-HER2 immunoliposomal doxorubicin is awaiting Phase I clinical trials, the results of which should provide new insights into the promise of ligand-targeted liposomal therapies.
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Mamot C, Drummond DC, Hong K, Kirpotin DB, Park JW. Liposome-based approaches to overcome anticancer drug resistance. Drug Resist Updat 2004; 6:271-9. [PMID: 14643297 DOI: 10.1016/s1368-7646(03)00082-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Drug resistance remains an important obstacle towards better outcomes in the treatment of cancer. One general approach to overcome this problem has been to inhibit specific resistance mechanisms, such as P-glycoprotein (PGP)-mediated drug efflux, using small molecule agents or other therapeutic strategies. Alternatively, drug delivery approaches using liposomes or other carriers can in principle target drugs to tumor tissue, tumor cells, or even compartments within tumor cells. By increasing bioavailability of drugs at sites of action, these approaches may provide therapeutic advantages, including enhanced efficacy against resistant tumors. Current liposomal anthracyclines have achieved clinical use in cancer treatment by providing efficient encapsulation of drug in stable and non-reactive carriers, and there is evidence indicating potential benefit in some clinical settings involving resistant tumors. Other liposome-based strategies include constructs designed to be taken up by tumor cells, as well as further modifications to allow triggered drug release. These approaches seek to overcome drug resistance by more efficient delivery to tumor cells, and in some cases by concomitant avoidance or inhibition of drug efflux mechanisms. Newer agents employ molecular targeting, such as immunoliposomes using antibody-directed binding and internalization. These agents selectively deliver drug to tumor cells, can efficiently internalize for intracellular drug release, and can potentially enhance both efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Mamot
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), 2340 Sutter Street, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
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28
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de Boer AG, van der Sandt ICJ, Gaillard PJ. The role of drug transporters at the blood-brain barrier. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2003; 43:629-56. [PMID: 12415123 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.43.100901.140204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a dynamic interface between the blood and the brain. It eliminates (toxic) substances from the endothelial compartment and supplies the brain with nutrients and other (endogenous) compounds. It can be considered as an organ protecting the brain and regulating its homeostasis. Until now, many transport systems have been discovered that play an important role in maintaining BBB integrity and brain homeostasis. In this review, we focus on the role of carrier- and receptor-mediated transport systems (CMT, RMT) at the BBB. These include CMT systems, such as P-glycoprotein, multidrug-resistance proteins 1-7, nucleoside transporters, organic anion transporters, and large amino-acid transporters; RMT systems, such as the transferrin-1 and -2 receptors; and the scavenger receptors SB-AI and SB-BI.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G de Boer
- Blood-Brain Barrier Research Group, Division of Pharmacology, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, University of Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
Antibody or ligand-mediated targeting of liposomal anticancer drugs to antigens expressed selectively or over-expressed on tumor cells is increasingly being recognized as an effective strategy for increasing the therapeutic indices of anticancer drugs. This review summarizes some recent advances in the field of ligand-targeted liposomes (LTLs) for the delivery of anticancer drugs. New approaches used in the design and optimization of LTLs is discussed and the advantages and potential problems associated with their therapeutic applications are described. New technologies are widening the spectrum of ligands available for targeting and are allowing choices to be made regarding affinity, internalization and size. The time is rapidly approaching where we will see translation of anticancer drugs entrapped in LTLs to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sapra
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB, Canada, T6G 2H7
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Kruskal JB, Goldberg SN. Emerging therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma: opportunities for radiologists. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2002; 13:S253-8. [PMID: 12354843 DOI: 10.1016/s1051-0443(07)61793-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging molecular therapies offer an exciting new challenge to interventional radiologists, who are expected to play an essential role in the targeted delivery of many of these novel drug- and cell-based therapies. Specifically for the treatment of liver tumors, not only are several novel therapies being developed that will require direct intratumoral delivery, but drugs are also being produced to further enhance local delivery by increasing tumor permeability. Some therapies are being developed to inhibit efflux of drugs out of tumors and others to recruit immune cells into or around tumors. In this review, the authors describe the basic science behind these emerging technologies to provide interventional radiologists with a comprehensive background into the types of therapies they will be delivering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan B Kruskal
- Department of Radiology, Abdominal Imaging Section, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, West Campus-302B, 1 Deaconess Road, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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