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Watson A, Gardhouse S, Hiebert K, Walsh T, Azuma C, Hocker S. Palliative Radiation Therapy for Treatment of Cutaneous T-cell Lymphoma in a Double Yellow-headed Amazon Parrot ( Amazona oratrix). J Avian Med Surg 2023; 37:180-187. [PMID: 37733457 DOI: 10.1647/22-00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
A 17-year-old captive female double yellow-headed Amazon parrot (Amazona oratrix) was presented to the Kansas State University Zoological Medicine Service (Manhattan, KS, USA) for a 2-month history of a left sided facial swelling. On examination, a red, raised mass was noted on the left side of the face. A whole-body computed tomography scan of the bird was performed to assess the extent of the mass and evaluate the patient for obvious evidence of disseminated disease. No systemic involvement was detected, and the swelling was localized to the cutaneous and subcutaneous tissues overlying the left rhamphotheca. Two punch biopsies were collected, and histopathology was consistent with cutaneous lymphoma, with strong positive CD3 staining congruous with a T-cell origin. Because of a lack of evidence for disseminated disease, the authors elected to pursue localized radiation therapy, and a single fraction of 8 Gray was administered. The swelling had resolved by the time of the recheck examination 4 weeks post-radiation therapy, and the patient remained clinically normal 52 weeks after radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Watson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA,
| | - Sara Gardhouse
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Kara Hiebert
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Timothy Walsh
- Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Chieko Azuma
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Samuel Hocker
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
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Schiavo L, Odatzoglou P, Hare C, Williams TL, Dobson JM. Serum amyloid A and other clinicopathological variables in cats with intermediate- and large-cell lymphoma. J Feline Med Surg 2022; 24:e603-e610. [PMID: 36416277 PMCID: PMC9742919 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x221135118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Serum amyloid A (SAA) concentrations are increased in cats with lymphoma vs healthy cats; however, the association between SAA concentrations and prognosis in cats with lymphoma is unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate if SAA concentrations were different in cats with nasal vs non-nasal lymphoma, if SAA concentrations are prognostic in patients treated with high-dose chemotherapy and if SAA concentrations are correlated with other clinicopathological variables. METHODS Cats diagnosed with intermediate- or large-cell lymphoma between 2012 and 2022 with SAA concentration data available were included. Associations between tumour site (nasal vs non-nasal), stage, response to treatment and SAA concentration were evaluated using non-parametric statistics. Associations between SAA concentrations and stage with survival time were evaluated using Cox regression analysis. Patients with nasal tumours and those not receiving high-dose chemotherapy were excluded from the survival analyses. RESULTS Thirty-nine cats were included. Median SAA concentrations were significantly higher in non-nasal compared with nasal lymphoma (42 µg/ml [range <0.3-797] vs <0.3 µg/ml [range <0.3-0.9]; P = 0.026). SAA concentrations did not correlate with tumour stage. Median survival time for patients with non-nasal tumour and undergoing chemotherapy was 49 days (range 2-1726). Responders had a better median survival time than non-responders (273 days [range 43-1728] vs 39 days [range 2-169]; P <0.001), whereas SAA concentrations were not associated with survival time. Lower haematocrit at presentation was associated with a reduced median survival time (P = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In the population examined, no correlation between serum concentration of SAA and prognosis in patients with lymphoma was identified, while low haematocrit and lack of response to treatment were both found to be associated with survival time. SAA concentrations were elevated in patients with non-nasal lymphoma vs patients with tumours confined to the nasal cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Schiavo
- Luca Schiavo DVM, MRCVS, Department of
Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES,
UK Emails: ;
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Reczynska AI, LaRue SM, Boss M, Lee B, Leary D, Pohlmann K, Griffin L, Lana S, Wormhoudt Martin T. Outcome of stereotactic body radiation for treatment of nasal and nasopharyngeal lymphoma in 32 cats. J Vet Intern Med 2022; 36:733-742. [PMID: 35188694 PMCID: PMC8965259 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The safety and efficacy of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) in the treatment of localized nasal lymphoma in cats has not been described. Hypothesis Stereotactic body radiation therapy with or without adjuvant chemotherapy is an effective and well‐tolerated treatment for localized nasal lymphoma in cats. Animals Thirty‐two client owned cats referred to Colorado State University for the treatment of nasal lymphoma. Methods Retrospective study of cats treated with SBRT between 2010 and 2020 at Colorado State University. Diagnosis of nasal lymphoma was obtained via cytology or histopathology. Signalment, radiation protocol, concurrent treatments, adverse effects, and survival were recorded. Results Progression free survival was 225 days (95% CI 98–514) and median survival time (MST) was 365 days (95% CI 123–531). No significant difference in survival was identified between cats that received 1 versus greater than 1 fraction (MST 427 vs. 123 days, P = 0.88). Negative prognostic factors included cribriform lysis (MST 121 vs. 876 days, P = 0.0009) and intracalvarial involvement (MST 100 vs. 438 days, P = 0.0007). Disease progression was noted in 38% (12/32), locally in 22% (7/32), and systemically in 16% (5/32). No cats developed acute adverse effects. Ten cats developed late adverse effects: keratitis/keratitis sicca (n = 2), alopecia (n = 4), and leukotrichia (n = 4). Twenty‐four cats (75%) had signs consistent with chronic rhinitis. Conclusions SBRT is effective and well tolerated for treating localized nasal lymphoma in cats. Outcomes for cats with lower stage disease (canine modified Adam's stage 3 and lower) are comparable to historic data of cats treated with fractionated radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja I. Reczynska
- Department of Environment and Radiological Health Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado USA
| | - Susan M. LaRue
- Department of Environment and Radiological Health Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado USA
| | - Mary‐Keara Boss
- Department of Environment and Radiological Health Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado USA
| | - Ber‐In Lee
- Department of Environment and Radiological Health Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado USA
| | - Del Leary
- Department of Environment and Radiological Health Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado USA
| | | | - Lynn Griffin
- Department of Environment and Radiological Health Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado USA
| | - Susan Lana
- Department of Clinical Science College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado USA
| | - Tiffany Wormhoudt Martin
- Department of Environment and Radiological Health Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado USA
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Gillen A, Mudge M, Caldwell F, Munsterman A, Hanson R, Brawner W, Almond G, Green E, Stephens J, Walz J. Outcome of external beam radiotherapy for treatment of noncutaneous tumors of the head in horses: 32 cases (1999-2015). J Vet Intern Med 2020; 34:2808-2816. [PMID: 33165966 PMCID: PMC7694842 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The long‐term outcomes of external beam radiotherapy for treatment of noncutaneous tumors of the head in horses is unknown. Objective To report the long‐term outcomes for treatment of noncutaneous tumors of the head of horses, and report short and long‐term clinical adverse effects. Animals Thirty‐two horses treated in 2 referral hospitals. Methods In this retrospective study, medical records of horses receiving radiation therapy for noncutaneous tumors between 1999 and 2015 were reviewed. Signalment, tumor type, treatment protocol, tumor control duration, and survival were recorded. Kaplan‐Meier survival curves were generated for overall survival (OS), by tumor type and location, and compared using Log‐rank tests, and treatment protocol adherence. Results Follow‐up ranged from 2 to 145 months (median 14 months). Of 32 horses, 16 (50%) were alive at the time of reporting, with complete tumor response occurring in 12 (38%). Horses with tumors of the maxilla/nasal cavity had significantly shorter median OS compared to horses with tumors in other locations (21 months vs 145 months) (P = .06). Adverse effects resulting from the tumor or the therapy occurred in 20/32 (63%). The occurrence of major adverse effects and delays in treatment protocol were not significantly associated with median survival estimates. Conclusions and Clinical Importance External beam radiotherapy can be used to treat a variety of noncutaneous tumors of the head of horses. Adverse effects related to radiotherapy or the tumor are common.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Gillen
- Department Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Margaret Mudge
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Fred Caldwell
- Department Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Amelia Munsterman
- Department Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA.,Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Reid Hanson
- Department Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - William Brawner
- Department Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Gregory Almond
- Department Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Eric Green
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Julie Stephens
- Center for Biostatistics, Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jillian Walz
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Rohrer Bley C, Meier V, Schneider U. Dosimetric benefit of adaptive radiotherapy in the neoadjuvant management of canine and feline thymoma-An exploratory case series. Vet Comp Oncol 2018; 16:324-329. [PMID: 29316134 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
While surgery is the treatment of choice for thymomas, complete excision is not possible in a significant proportion of cases. For these patients, radiotherapy can be used as neoadjunctive, post-operative adjunctive or sole therapy. During radiotherapy, rapid biological clearance of tumour cells is often observed, requiring adaptation of the treatment plan. Adaptive radiation therapy (RT) is a dynamic process, whereby the treatment plan is altered throughout the treatment course due to changes in morphologic, functional or positioning changes. With the hypothesis, that individually adapted replanning will massively reduce the dose to organs at risk (OAR) in a fast-changing environment such as a rapidly responding thymoma, the dosimetric impact of adaptive treatment planning in 5 patients with large thymoma was measured. In all patients rapid tumour-shrinkage of the gross tumour volume was observed after 1 week of therapy, with a mean shrinkage of 31.0% ± 15.2%, or a tumour regression of 5.2% per day. In consequence, there was a considerable change in position of organs such as heart and lung, both of them moving cranially into the high dose area upon tumour regression. After mid-therapy replanning, the dose to OAR was significantly reduced, with -18.2% in the mean heart dose and -27.9% in the V20 lung dose. Adaptive planning led to a significantly reduced radiation dose and hence protection of OAR for these patients. It can be concluded that adaptive replanning should be considered for canine and feline thymoma patients receiving fractionated RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Rohrer Bley
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - V Meier
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - U Schneider
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Radiation Oncology, Hirslanden Clinic, Zurich, Switzerland
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Alexander AB, Griffin L, Johnston MS. Radiation Therapy of Periorbital Lymphoma in a Blue-and-Gold Macaw (Ara ararauna). J Avian Med Surg 2017; 31:39-46. [DOI: 10.1647/2015-116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Tong LJ, Hosgood G, Labruyère J, Bennett SL, FitzGerald L, Shiel RE. Marked cytoreduction of a lymphocyte-rich mediastinal thymoma with neoadjuvant chemotherapy in a cat. JFMS Open Rep 2015; 1:2055116915585024. [PMID: 28491357 PMCID: PMC5362842 DOI: 10.1177/2055116915585024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Case summary A 15-year-old neutered female domestic shorthair cat presented with lethargy and acute-onset dyspnoea. Thoracic computed tomography (CT) revealed a large, cranial mediastinal mass with an estimated volume of 180.7 cm3. Chemotherapy consisting of dexamethasone followed by L-asparaginase, prednisolone, vincristine and doxorubicin was commenced owing to the severity of disease and initial possibility of lymphoma. A diagnosis of lymphocyte-rich thymoma was made based upon histological examination, positive pancytokeratin staining, variable lymphocyte CD3 expression and T cell receptor gamma polyclonality. Thoracic CT performed 35 days after the commencement of chemotherapy showed a marked reduction in the size of the mass, with an estimated volume of 9.4 cm3. A median sternotomy and thymectomy were performed. No clinical signs have recurred 34 months after surgery. Conclusions and relevance The response to chemotherapy in this case was unusual, and is likely associated with the high non-neoplastic lymphoid component of the mass. The case demonstrates that preoperative chemotherapy can be used to reduce thymoma volume prior to surgery, potentially decreasing anaesthetic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda J Tong
- Murdoch University Veterinary Hospital Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Giselle Hosgood
- Murdoch University Veterinary Hospital Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | - Susan L Bennett
- Murdoch University Veterinary Hospital Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Louise FitzGerald
- Murdoch University Veterinary Hospital Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Robert E Shiel
- Murdoch University Veterinary Hospital Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
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Hematopoietic Tumors. WITHROW AND MACEWEN'S SMALL ANIMAL CLINICAL ONCOLOGY 2013. [PMCID: PMC7161412 DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4377-2362-5.00032-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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10
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Nagata K, Lamb M, Goldschmidt MH, Duda L, Walton RM. The usefulness of immunohistochemistry to differentiate between nasal carcinoma and lymphoma in cats: 140 cases (1986-2000). Vet Comp Oncol 2012; 12:52-7. [PMID: 22520498 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5829.2012.00330.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
A retrospective evaluation of 232 feline nasal biopsies initially diagnosed as either carcinoma or lymphoma was performed by two pathologists. One or both pathologists disagreed with the original diagnosis in 15 cases (7%), 14 of which had original diagnoses of carcinoma. Out of the 232 cases, 140, including the disputed ones, were subjected to immunohistochemical staining with epithelial and lymphoid markers. Immunohistochemical staining of the 15 disputed cases showed that the original diagnoses were incorrect in 67% (10/15), unverified in 13% (2/15) and correct in 20% (3/15). Among the consensual diagnoses, immunohistochemistry revealed that 3% (4/125) of diagnoses were unverified because they did not stain for any of the markers evaluated. This report demonstrates the importance of immunohistochemistry in establishing a correct histologic diagnosis for nasal neoplasms in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Nagata
- Pittsburgh Veterinary Specialty and Emergency Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15237, USA
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Andres KM, Kent M, Siedlecki CT, Mayer J, Brandão J, Hawkins MG, Morrisey JK, Quesenberry K, Valli VE, Bennett RA. The use of megavoltage radiation therapy in the treatment of thymomas in rabbits: 19 cases. Vet Comp Oncol 2012; 10:82-94. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5829.2011.00273.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Carter RT, Nevarez J, Gieger TL, Gaschen L. Diagnostic Challenge. J Exot Pet Med 2012. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2011.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Berlato D, Schrempp D, Van Den Steen N, Murphy S. Radiotherapy in the management of localized mucocutaneous oral lymphoma in dogs: 14 cases. Vet Comp Oncol 2011; 10:16-23. [PMID: 22236033 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5829.2011.00270.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Oral mucocutaneous lymphoma is rare in dogs. Surgery and chemotherapy do not usually provide effective long-term control. The objective of this study was to retrospectively evaluate survival of dogs with localized oral lymphoma treated with radiation therapy. The medical database of three institutions was searched for dogs with diagnosis of oral lymphoma treated with radiotherapy. Dogs with evidence of systemic disease were excluded. Survival was calculated with the Kaplan-Meier method and prognostic variables analysed with log-rank test. Fourteen dogs were included in the study. Mean survival was 1129 days [95% confidence interval (CI) 711-1546] with median survival of 770 days. The overall response of radiotherapy was 67% (five complete and three partial responses). A survival advantage was seen in dogs with no evidence of lymph node metastasis (P = 0.002) and that achieved a complete response to radiation therapy (P = 0.013). Radiation therapy was a well-tolerated and effective treatment for localized oral lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Berlato
- Animal Health Trust, The Centre for Small Animal Studies, Lanwades Park, Kentford, Newmarket, Suffolk, UK.
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Gerard M, Pruitt A, Thrall DE. Radiation therapy communication: nasal passage and paranasal sinus lymphoma in a pony. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2010; 51:97-101. [PMID: 20166403 DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2009.01630.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
An aged pony with extensive paranasal sinus and nasal passage B-cell lymphoma was treated with palliative radiation therapy. Sixteen gray were administered in two fractions, 7 days apart. A lateral field was used for the first fraction and a dorsal field for the second. Because of tumor being present in the left frontal sinus, gross tumor was knowingly excluded from the treated volume in the lateral field. The tumor regressed within 2 months and the pony remained free of clinical disease for 2.5 years. Acute, temporary blindness developed shortly after the second radiation fraction, but a direct causal relationship with the radiation therapy was not confirmed. The only radiation side effect was leukotrichia. Palliative treatment was successful in improving and prolonging the quality of life. These results suggest that localized equine B-cell lymphoma is radiosensitive, and that palliative radiation therapy is a reasonable consideration for large tumors, even when tumor volume prevents all gross tumor from being irradiated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew Gerard
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA.
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Chun R. Lymphoma: Which Chemotherapy Protocol and Why? Top Companion Anim Med 2009; 24:157-62. [DOI: 10.1053/j.tcam.2009.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2009] [Accepted: 03/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Sfiligoi G, Théon AP, Kent MS. Response of nineteen cats with nasal lymphoma to radiation therapy and chemotherapy. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2007; 48:388-93. [PMID: 17691642 DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2007.00262.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The records of 19 cats treated for stage I nasal lymphoma with radiation therapy and chemotherapy were reviewed to determine response to therapy, treatment outcome and possible prognostic indicators. All cats were treated with megavoltage radiation therapy to a total dose ranging from 22 to 48 Gy (median dose = 42 Gy). All cats were prescribed at least 6 months of multiagent chemotherapy. The median progression-free interval for all cats was 945 days (31 months). Two cats did not achieve clinical remission. Of 17 cats evaluable for relapse, 10 (58.8%) were progression free during the entire follow-up period. Four cats (23.5%) suffered local recurrence, while three (17.6%) experienced distant relapse. The median survival time was 955 days (31.4 months). The only variable found to have a significant negative impact on survival was destruction of the cribriform plate before therapy (P= 0.002). The long progression free and survival times reported here indicate that cats with stage I nasal lymphoma treated with aggressive local and systemic therapy can have a favorable outcome when compared with other anatomic forms of lymphoma. Despite strong clinical responses to the multimodality therapy used, the fact that three (17.6%) cats relapsed distantly supports the recommendation that treatment with radiation therapy alone is insufficient until further prospective studies can be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Sfiligoi
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Sanchez-Migallon DG, Mayer J, Gould J, Azuma C. Radiation Therapy for the Treatment of Thymoma in Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). J Exot Pet Med 2006. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2006.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Williams LE, Rassnick KM, Power HT, Lana SE, Morrison-Collister KE, Hansen K, Johnson JL. CCNU in the Treatment of Canine Epitheliotropic Lymphoma. J Vet Intern Med 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2006.tb02833.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Wagner F, Beinecke A, Fehr M, Brunkhorst N, Mischke R, Gruber AD. Recurrent bilateral exophthalmos associated with metastatic thymic carcinoma in a pet rabbit. J Small Anim Pract 2005; 46:393-7. [PMID: 16119059 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.2005.tb00336.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A five-year-old, castrated, male chinchilla rabbit was presented for evaluation of recurrent bilateral exophthalmos. Besides a transient and stress-related exophthalmos with protrusion of both third eyelids, the ophthalmological examination was unremarkable. Plain radiography of the thorax revealed a large precardial mass of soft tissue density. Cytological preparations from the thoracic mass were dominated by small, mature lymphocytes with approximately 10 to 20 per cent lymphoblasts. Computed tomography of the head showed a symmetrical laterodorsal deviation of both eyes without evidence of retrobulbar masses. On necropsy a large cystic mass was present in the cranial thorax associated with severe hydrothorax, hydropericardium and ascites. Histology identified the precardial mass as thymic carcinoma with metastases in the kidneys. This case illustrates the difficulty of diagnosing thymic tumours based on cytological or histological features of the primary tumour alone. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first case of recurrent bilateral exophthalmos associated with a metastatic thymic carcinoma in a pet rabbit.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Wagner
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, Germany
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Ueno H, Isomura H, Tanabe S, Tabuchi H, Yamada K, Sato M. Solitary Nonepitheliotropic T-Cell Lymphoma in a Dog. J Vet Med Sci 2004; 66:437-9. [PMID: 15133275 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.66.437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A 7-year-old male Golden Retriever with swelling of the rostral bridge and right wing of the nasal areas, sneezing, and inspiratory difficulty was referred to a neighbor veterinarian. Except for those in the nasal area, no lesions were noted during routine physical examination. The mass occupying the nasal cavity was not observed radiographically. Punch biopsy of the affected lesions revealed nonepitheliotropic lymphoma. Immunohistochemical staining for CD3 antigen was positive. The dog was diagnosed with solitary nonepitheliotropic T-cell lymphoma. Local radiotherapy and systemic chemotherapy with doxorubicin were instituted and resulted in total clinical remission. The dog has remained disease free for 30 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ueno
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Sciences, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Japan
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Ettinger SN. Principles of treatment for canine lymphoma. CLINICAL TECHNIQUES IN SMALL ANIMAL PRACTICE 2003; 18:92-7. [PMID: 12831068 DOI: 10.1053/svms.2003.36622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Canine lymphoma is one of the most commonly diagnosed canine neoplasms. It is helpful to classify lymphoma anatomically, because these forms each have common histories and clinical signs. Anatomic forms include multicentric, alimentary, mediastinal, and cutaneous forms. Because lymphoma is a systemic disease, systemic chemotherapy is the most appropriate modality for its treatment. Lymphoma cells are sensitive to chemotherapy, and complete remission rates are high when these patients are treated with conventional chemotherapy. Treated dogs maintain a good quality of life, and treatment can provide resolution of many presenting signs and abnormalities. The fundamental goals of chemotherapy are to induce a durable remission and to re-induce a remission after one or more relapses. Other therapies, such as surgery and radiation therapy, are appropriate in certain situations. Prognostic factors will also be summarized.
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