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Li Y, Yu J, Li Q, Yu D, Song W, Liu Q, Gao D, Chen Q, Zhang H, Huo L, Wang J, Wang J, Yang H, Zeng G. Effect of Influenza Vaccination on Rate of Influenza Virus Infection in Chinese Military Personnel, 2015-2016: A Cluster Randomized Trial. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1439. [PMID: 37766116 PMCID: PMC10534408 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11091439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The protective effect of a trivalent influenza vaccine (TIV) is undetermined in military personnel. We conducted an open-label, cluster randomized trial on active-duty servicemen of Beijing, Tianjin, and Shijiazhuang, who were randomly assigned to receive either a single dose of TIV or no treatment, according to cluster randomized sampling. The subjects were then followed for a maximum of six months to assess the incidence of laboratory-confirmed influenza. A total of 5445 subjects in 114 clusters received one dose of TIV before the 2015/2016 influenza season. Laboratory-confirmed influenza was identified in 18 in the vaccine group compared with 87 in the control group (6031 subjects in 114 clusters), resulting in a vaccine effectiveness (VE) of 76.4% (95%CI: 60.7 to 85.8) against laboratory-confirmed influenza. Influenza-like illness was diagnosed in 132 in the vaccine group compared with 420 in the control group, resulting in a VE of 64.1% (95%CI: 56.2 to 70.6). The estimated VE against influenza B viruses was 80.5% (95%CI: 65.6 to 88.9) and 8.6% (95%CI: -241 to 75.5) against influenza A viruses. In conclusion, the trivalent influenza vaccine is moderately effective, highly immunogenic, and generally safe to use in healthy male military servicemen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yapin Li
- Central Theater Command Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 66 Heishitou Road, Beijing 100042, China; (Y.L.); (Q.L.); (W.S.); (D.G.); (H.Z.); (J.W.)
| | - Jianxing Yu
- Sinovac Biotech Ltd., No. 39, Shangdi West Road, Beijing 100085, China; (J.Y.); (D.Y.); (Q.C.); (L.H.)
| | - Qingfeng Li
- Central Theater Command Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 66 Heishitou Road, Beijing 100042, China; (Y.L.); (Q.L.); (W.S.); (D.G.); (H.Z.); (J.W.)
| | - Dan Yu
- Sinovac Biotech Ltd., No. 39, Shangdi West Road, Beijing 100085, China; (J.Y.); (D.Y.); (Q.C.); (L.H.)
| | - Wenjing Song
- Central Theater Command Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 66 Heishitou Road, Beijing 100042, China; (Y.L.); (Q.L.); (W.S.); (D.G.); (H.Z.); (J.W.)
| | - Qi Liu
- Sinovac Life Sciences Ltd., Beijing 102601, China; (Q.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Dongqi Gao
- Central Theater Command Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 66 Heishitou Road, Beijing 100042, China; (Y.L.); (Q.L.); (W.S.); (D.G.); (H.Z.); (J.W.)
| | - Qiulan Chen
- Sinovac Biotech Ltd., No. 39, Shangdi West Road, Beijing 100085, China; (J.Y.); (D.Y.); (Q.C.); (L.H.)
| | - Haiyang Zhang
- Central Theater Command Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 66 Heishitou Road, Beijing 100042, China; (Y.L.); (Q.L.); (W.S.); (D.G.); (H.Z.); (J.W.)
| | - Liqun Huo
- Sinovac Biotech Ltd., No. 39, Shangdi West Road, Beijing 100085, China; (J.Y.); (D.Y.); (Q.C.); (L.H.)
| | - Jian Wang
- Central Theater Command Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 66 Heishitou Road, Beijing 100042, China; (Y.L.); (Q.L.); (W.S.); (D.G.); (H.Z.); (J.W.)
| | - Jiayi Wang
- Sinovac Life Sciences Ltd., Beijing 102601, China; (Q.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Huisuo Yang
- Central Theater Command Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 66 Heishitou Road, Beijing 100042, China; (Y.L.); (Q.L.); (W.S.); (D.G.); (H.Z.); (J.W.)
| | - Gang Zeng
- Sinovac Biotech Ltd., No. 39, Shangdi West Road, Beijing 100085, China; (J.Y.); (D.Y.); (Q.C.); (L.H.)
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Biselli R, Nisini R, Lista F, Autore A, Lastilla M, De Lorenzo G, Peragallo MS, Stroffolini T, D’Amelio R. A Historical Review of Military Medical Strategies for Fighting Infectious Diseases: From Battlefields to Global Health. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2050. [PMID: 36009598 PMCID: PMC9405556 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10082050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The environmental conditions generated by war and characterized by poverty, undernutrition, stress, difficult access to safe water and food as well as lack of environmental and personal hygiene favor the spread of many infectious diseases. Epidemic typhus, plague, malaria, cholera, typhoid fever, hepatitis, tetanus, and smallpox have nearly constantly accompanied wars, frequently deeply conditioning the outcome of battles/wars more than weapons and military strategy. At the end of the nineteenth century, with the birth of bacteriology, military medical researchers in Germany, the United Kingdom, and France were active in discovering the etiological agents of some diseases and in developing preventive vaccines. Emil von Behring, Ronald Ross and Charles Laveran, who were or served as military physicians, won the first, the second, and the seventh Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for discovering passive anti-diphtheria/tetanus immunotherapy and for identifying mosquito Anopheline as a malaria vector and plasmodium as its etiological agent, respectively. Meanwhile, Major Walter Reed in the United States of America discovered the mosquito vector of yellow fever, thus paving the way for its prevention by vector control. In this work, the military relevance of some vaccine-preventable and non-vaccine-preventable infectious diseases, as well as of biological weapons, and the military contributions to their control will be described. Currently, the civil-military medical collaboration is getting closer and becoming interdependent, from research and development for the prevention of infectious diseases to disasters and emergencies management, as recently demonstrated in Ebola and Zika outbreaks and the COVID-19 pandemic, even with the high biocontainment aeromedical evacuation, in a sort of global health diplomacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Biselli
- Ispettorato Generale della Sanità Militare, Stato Maggiore della Difesa, Via S. Stefano Rotondo 4, 00184 Roma, Italy
| | - Roberto Nisini
- Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Florigio Lista
- Dipartimento Scientifico, Policlinico Militare, Comando Logistico dell’Esercito, Via S. Stefano Rotondo 4, 00184 Roma, Italy
| | - Alberto Autore
- Osservatorio Epidemiologico della Difesa, Ispettorato Generale della Sanità Militare, Stato Maggiore della Difesa, Via S. Stefano Rotondo 4, 00184 Roma, Italy
| | - Marco Lastilla
- Istituto di Medicina Aerospaziale, Comando Logistico dell’Aeronautica Militare, Viale Piero Gobetti 2, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Giuseppe De Lorenzo
- Comando Generale dell’Arma dei Carabinieri, Dipartimento per l’Organizzazione Sanitaria e Veterinaria, Viale Romania 45, 00197 Roma, Italy
| | - Mario Stefano Peragallo
- Centro Studi e Ricerche di Sanità e Veterinaria, Comando Logistico dell’Esercito, Via S. Stefano Rotondo 4, 00184 Roma, Italy
| | - Tommaso Stroffolini
- Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive e Tropicali, Policlinico Umberto I, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Raffaele D’Amelio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Molecolare, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via di Grottarossa 1035-1039, 00189 Roma, Italy
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Ferlito C, Biselli R, Visco V, Cattaruzza MS, Capobianchi MR, Castilletti C, Lapa D, Nicoletti L, Marchi A, Magurano F, Ciccaglione AR, Chionne P, Madonna E, Donatelli I, Calzoletti L, Fabiani C, Biondo MI, Teloni R, Mariotti S, Salerno G, Picchianti-Diamanti A, Salemi S, Caporuscio S, Autore A, Lulli P, Borelli F, Lastilla M, Nisini R, D’Amelio R. Immunogenicity of Viral Vaccines in the Italian Military. Biomedicines 2021; 9:87. [PMID: 33477366 PMCID: PMC7829820 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9010087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Military personnel of all armed forces receive multiple vaccinations and have been doing so since long ago, but relatively few studies have investigated the possible negative or positive interference of simultaneous vaccinations. As a contribution to fill this gap, we analyzed the response to the live trivalent measles/mumps/rubella (MMR), the inactivated hepatitis A virus (HAV), the inactivated trivalent polio, and the trivalent subunits influenza vaccines in two cohorts of Italian military personnel. The first cohort was represented by 108 students from military schools and the second by 72 soldiers engaged in a nine-month mission abroad. MMR and HAV vaccines had never been administered before, whereas inactivated polio was administered to adults primed at infancy with a live trivalent oral polio vaccine. Accordingly, nearly all subjects had baseline antibodies to polio types 1 and 3, but unexpectedly, anti-measles/-mumps/-rubella antibodies were present in 82%, 82%, and 73.5% of subjects, respectively (43% for all of the antigens). Finally, anti-HAV antibodies were detectable in 14% and anti-influenza (H1/H3/B) in 18% of the study population. At mine months post-vaccination, 92% of subjects had protective antibody levels for all MMR antigens, 96% for HAV, 69% for the three influenza antigens, and 100% for polio types 1 and 3. An inverse relationship between baseline and post-vaccination antibody levels was noticed with all the vaccines. An excellent vaccine immunogenicity, a calculated long antibody persistence, and apparent lack of vaccine interference were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Ferlito
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Molecolare, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via di Grottarossa 1035-1039, 00189 Roma, Italy; (C.F.); (V.V.); (M.I.B.); (G.S.); (A.P.-D.); (S.S.); (S.C.); (P.L.); (R.D.)
| | - Roberto Biselli
- Ispettorato Generale della Sanità Militare, Stato Maggiore della Difesa, Via S. Stefano Rotondo 4, 00184 Roma, Italy;
| | - Vincenzo Visco
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Molecolare, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via di Grottarossa 1035-1039, 00189 Roma, Italy; (C.F.); (V.V.); (M.I.B.); (G.S.); (A.P.-D.); (S.S.); (S.C.); (P.L.); (R.D.)
| | - Maria Sofia Cattaruzza
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy;
| | - Maria Rosaria Capobianchi
- Laboratorio di Virologia, IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale Malattie Infettive “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, Via Portuense 292, 00149 Roma, Italy; (M.R.C.); (C.C.); (D.L.)
| | - Concetta Castilletti
- Laboratorio di Virologia, IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale Malattie Infettive “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, Via Portuense 292, 00149 Roma, Italy; (M.R.C.); (C.C.); (D.L.)
| | - Daniele Lapa
- Laboratorio di Virologia, IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale Malattie Infettive “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, Via Portuense 292, 00149 Roma, Italy; (M.R.C.); (C.C.); (D.L.)
| | - Loredana Nicoletti
- Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy; (L.N.); (A.M.); (F.M.); (A.R.C.); (P.C.); (E.M.); (I.D.); (L.C.); (C.F.); (R.T.); (S.M.)
| | - Antonella Marchi
- Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy; (L.N.); (A.M.); (F.M.); (A.R.C.); (P.C.); (E.M.); (I.D.); (L.C.); (C.F.); (R.T.); (S.M.)
| | - Fabio Magurano
- Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy; (L.N.); (A.M.); (F.M.); (A.R.C.); (P.C.); (E.M.); (I.D.); (L.C.); (C.F.); (R.T.); (S.M.)
| | - Anna Rita Ciccaglione
- Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy; (L.N.); (A.M.); (F.M.); (A.R.C.); (P.C.); (E.M.); (I.D.); (L.C.); (C.F.); (R.T.); (S.M.)
| | - Paola Chionne
- Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy; (L.N.); (A.M.); (F.M.); (A.R.C.); (P.C.); (E.M.); (I.D.); (L.C.); (C.F.); (R.T.); (S.M.)
| | - Elisabetta Madonna
- Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy; (L.N.); (A.M.); (F.M.); (A.R.C.); (P.C.); (E.M.); (I.D.); (L.C.); (C.F.); (R.T.); (S.M.)
| | - Isabella Donatelli
- Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy; (L.N.); (A.M.); (F.M.); (A.R.C.); (P.C.); (E.M.); (I.D.); (L.C.); (C.F.); (R.T.); (S.M.)
| | - Laura Calzoletti
- Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy; (L.N.); (A.M.); (F.M.); (A.R.C.); (P.C.); (E.M.); (I.D.); (L.C.); (C.F.); (R.T.); (S.M.)
| | - Concetta Fabiani
- Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy; (L.N.); (A.M.); (F.M.); (A.R.C.); (P.C.); (E.M.); (I.D.); (L.C.); (C.F.); (R.T.); (S.M.)
| | - Michela Ileen Biondo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Molecolare, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via di Grottarossa 1035-1039, 00189 Roma, Italy; (C.F.); (V.V.); (M.I.B.); (G.S.); (A.P.-D.); (S.S.); (S.C.); (P.L.); (R.D.)
| | - Raffaela Teloni
- Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy; (L.N.); (A.M.); (F.M.); (A.R.C.); (P.C.); (E.M.); (I.D.); (L.C.); (C.F.); (R.T.); (S.M.)
| | - Sabrina Mariotti
- Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy; (L.N.); (A.M.); (F.M.); (A.R.C.); (P.C.); (E.M.); (I.D.); (L.C.); (C.F.); (R.T.); (S.M.)
| | - Gerardo Salerno
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Molecolare, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via di Grottarossa 1035-1039, 00189 Roma, Italy; (C.F.); (V.V.); (M.I.B.); (G.S.); (A.P.-D.); (S.S.); (S.C.); (P.L.); (R.D.)
| | - Andrea Picchianti-Diamanti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Molecolare, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via di Grottarossa 1035-1039, 00189 Roma, Italy; (C.F.); (V.V.); (M.I.B.); (G.S.); (A.P.-D.); (S.S.); (S.C.); (P.L.); (R.D.)
| | - Simonetta Salemi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Molecolare, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via di Grottarossa 1035-1039, 00189 Roma, Italy; (C.F.); (V.V.); (M.I.B.); (G.S.); (A.P.-D.); (S.S.); (S.C.); (P.L.); (R.D.)
| | - Sara Caporuscio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Molecolare, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via di Grottarossa 1035-1039, 00189 Roma, Italy; (C.F.); (V.V.); (M.I.B.); (G.S.); (A.P.-D.); (S.S.); (S.C.); (P.L.); (R.D.)
| | - Alberto Autore
- Centro Sperimentale di Volo, Comando Logistico, Aeronautica Militare, Aeroporto Pratica di Mare, Via Pratica di Mare 45, 00040 Pomezia, Italy;
| | - Patrizia Lulli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Molecolare, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via di Grottarossa 1035-1039, 00189 Roma, Italy; (C.F.); (V.V.); (M.I.B.); (G.S.); (A.P.-D.); (S.S.); (S.C.); (P.L.); (R.D.)
| | - Francesco Borelli
- Servizio Sanitario, Reggimento Lancieri di Montebello, Esercito Italiano, Via Flaminia 826, 00191 Roma, Italy;
| | - Marco Lastilla
- Osservatorio Epidemiologico della Difesa, Ispettorato Generale della Sanità Militare, Stato Maggiore della Difesa, Via S. Stefano Rotondo 4, 00184 Roma, Italy;
| | - Roberto Nisini
- Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy; (L.N.); (A.M.); (F.M.); (A.R.C.); (P.C.); (E.M.); (I.D.); (L.C.); (C.F.); (R.T.); (S.M.)
| | - Raffaele D’Amelio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Molecolare, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via di Grottarossa 1035-1039, 00189 Roma, Italy; (C.F.); (V.V.); (M.I.B.); (G.S.); (A.P.-D.); (S.S.); (S.C.); (P.L.); (R.D.)
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D'Amelio R, Mele A, Mariano A, Romanò L, Biselli R, Lista F, Zanetti A, Stroffolini T. Hepatitis A, Italy. Emerg Infect Dis 2005; 11:1155-6. [PMID: 16032799 PMCID: PMC3371791 DOI: 10.3201/eid1107.041157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele D'Amelio
- Direzione Generale della Sanità Militare, Rome, Italy
- Università degli Studi "La Sapienza" II Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Luisa Romanò
- Istituto di Virologia, Università degli Studi, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Florigio Lista
- Centro Studi e Ricerche di Sanità e Veterinaria, Rome, Italy
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