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Nayak JJ, Anwar S, Krishna P, Chen ZH, Plett JM, Foo E, Cazzonelli CI. Tangerine tomato roots show increased accumulation of acyclic carotenoids, less abscisic acid, drought sensitivity, and impaired endomycorrhizal colonization. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 321:111308. [PMID: 35696908 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The Heirloom Golden tangerine tomato fruit variety is highly nutritious due to accumulation of tetra-cis-lycopene, that has a higher bioavailability and recognised health benefits in treating anti-inflammatory diseases compared to all-trans-lycopene isomers found in red tomatoes. We investigated if photoisomerization of tetra-cis-lycopene occurs in roots of the MicroTom tangerine (tangmic) tomato and how this affects root to shoot biomass, mycorrhizal colonization, abscisic acid accumulation, and responses to drought. tangmic plants grown in soil under glasshouse conditions displayed a reduction in height, number of flowers, fruit yield, and root length compared to wild-type (WT). Soil inoculation with Rhizophagus irregularis revealed fewer arbuscules and other fungal structures in the endodermal cells of roots in tangmic relative to WT. The roots of tangmic hyperaccumulated acyclic cis-carotenes, while only trace levels of xanthophylls and abscisic acid were detected. In response to a water deficit, leaves from the tangmic plants displayed a rapid decline in maximum quantum yield of photosystem II compared to WT, indicating a defective root to shoot signalling response to drought. The lack of xanthophylls biosynthesis in tangmic roots reduced abscisic acid levels, thereby likely impairing endomycorrhizal colonisation and drought-induced root to shoot signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jwalit J Nayak
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Sidra Anwar
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Priti Krishna
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia; School of Science, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Jonathan M Plett
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Eloise Foo
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia
| | - Christopher I Cazzonelli
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
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Santos Teixeira JA, Ten Tusscher KH. The Systems Biology of Lateral Root Formation: Connecting the Dots. MOLECULAR PLANT 2019; 12:784-803. [PMID: 30953788 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2019.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The root system is a major determinant of a plant's access to water and nutrients. The architecture of the root system to a large extent depends on the repeated formation of new lateral roots. In this review, we discuss lateral root development from a systems biology perspective. We focus on studies combining experiments with computational modeling that have advanced our understanding of how the auxin-centered regulatory modules involved in different stages of lateral root development exert their specific functions. Moreover, we discuss how these regulatory networks may enable robust transitions from one developmental stage to the next, a subject that thus far has received limited attention. In addition, we analyze how environmental factors impinge on these modules, and the different manners in which these environmental signals are being integrated to enable coordinated developmental decision making. Finally, we provide some suggestions for extending current models of lateral root development to incorporate multiple processes and stages. Only through more comprehensive models we can fully elucidate the cooperative effects of multiple processes on later root formation, and how one stage drives the transition to the next.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Santos Teixeira
- Computational Developmental Biology Group, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - K H Ten Tusscher
- Computational Developmental Biology Group, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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Salinas-Mondragon RE, Kajla JD, Perera IY, Brown CS, Sederoff HW. Role of inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate signalling in gravitropic and phototropic gene expression. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2010; 33:2041-55. [PMID: 20584147 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2010.02204.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants sense light and gravity to orient their direction of growth. One common component in the early events of both phototropic and gravitropic signal transduction is activation of phospholipase C (PLC), which leads to an increase in inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (InsP(3)) levels. The InsP(3) signal is terminated by hydrolysis of InsP(3) through inositolpolyphosphate-5-phosphatases (InsP 5-ptases). Arabidopsis plants expressing a heterologous InsP 5-ptase have low basal InsP(3) levels and exhibit reduced gravitropic and phototropic bending. Downstream effects of InsP(3)-mediated signalling are not understood. We used comparative transcript profiling to characterize gene expression changes in gravity- or light-stimulated Arabidopsis root apices that were manipulated in their InsP(3) metabolism either through inhibition of PLC activity or expression of InsP 5-ptase. We identified InsP(3)-dependent and InsP(3)-independent co-regulated gene sets in response to gravity or light stimulation. Inhibition of PLC activity in wild-type plants caused similar changes in transcript abundance in response to gravitropic and phototropic stimulation as in the transgenic lines. Therefore, we conclude that changes in gene expression in response to gravitropic and phototropic stimulation are mediated by two signal transduction pathways that vary in their dependence on changes in InsP(3).
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Kiss JZ, Mullen JL, Correll MJ, Hangarter RP. Phytochromes A and B mediate red-light-induced positive phototropism in roots. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2003; 131:1411-7. [PMID: 12644690 PMCID: PMC166900 DOI: 10.1104/pp.013847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2002] [Revised: 10/07/2002] [Accepted: 11/27/2002] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of tropisms is important in determining the final growth form of the plant body. In roots, gravitropism is the predominant tropistic response, but phototropism also plays a role in the oriented growth of roots in flowering plants. In blue or white light, roots exhibit negative phototropism that is mediated by the phototropin family of photoreceptors. In contrast, red light induces a positive phototropism in Arabidopsis roots. Because this red-light-induced response is weak relative to both gravitropism and negative phototropism, we used a novel device to study phototropism without the complications of a counteracting gravitational stimulus. This device is based on a computer-controlled system using real-time image analysis of root growth and a feedback-regulated rotatable stage. Our data show that this system is useful to study root phototropism in response to red light, because in wild-type roots, the maximal curvature detected with this apparatus is 30 degrees to 40 degrees, compared with 5 degrees to 10 degrees without the feedback system. In positive root phototropism, sensing of red light occurs in the root itself and is not dependent on shoot-derived signals resulting from light perception. Phytochrome (Phy)A and phyB were severely impaired in red-light-induced phototropism, whereas the phyD and phyE mutants were normal in this response. Thus, PHYA and PHYB play a key role in mediating red-light-dependent positive phototropism in roots. Although phytochrome has been shown to mediate phototropism in some lower plant groups, this is one of the few reports indicating a phytochrome-dependent phototropism in flowering plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Z Kiss
- Department of Botany, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, USA.
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Kiss JZ, Miller KM, Ogden LA, Roth KK. Phototropism and gravitropism in lateral roots of Arabidopsis. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2002; 43:35-43. [PMID: 11828020 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcf017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Gravitropism and, to a lesser extent, phototropism have been characterized in primary roots, but little is known about structural/functional aspects of these tropisms in lateral roots. Therefore, in this study, we report on tropistic responses in lateral roots of Arabidopsis thaliana. Lateral roots initially are plagiogravitropic, but when they reach a length of approximately 10 mm, these roots grow downward and exhibit positive orthogravitropism. Light and electron microscopic studies demonstrate a correlation between positive gravitropism and development of columella cells with large, sedimented amyloplasts in wild-type plants. Lateral roots display negative phototropism in response to white and blue light and positive phototropism in response to red light. As is the case with primary roots, the photoresponse is weak relative to the graviresponse, but phototropism is readily apparent in starchless mutant plants, which are impaired in gravitropism. To our knowledge, this is the first report of phototropism of lateral roots in any plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Z Kiss
- Department of Botany, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA.
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