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Lallemang M, Yu L, Cai W, Rischka K, Hartwig A, Haag R, Hugel T, Balzer BN. Multivalent non-covalent interactions lead to strongest polymer adhesion. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:3768-3776. [PMID: 35171194 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr08338d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Multivalent interactions play a leading role in biological processes such as the inhibition of inflammation or virus internalization. The multivalent interactions show enhanced strength and better selectivity compared to monovalent interactions, but they are much less understood due to their complexity. Here, we detect molecular interactions in the range of a few piconewtons to several nanonewtons and correlate them with the formation and subsequent breaking of one or several bonds and assign these bonds. This becomes possible by performing atomic force microcopy (AFM)-based single molecule force spectroscopy of a multifunctional polymer covalently attached to an AFM cantilever tip on a substrate bound polymer layer of the multifunctional polymer. Varying the pH value and the crosslinking state of the polymer layer, we find that bonds of intermediate strength (non-covalent), like coordination bonds, give the highest multivalent bond strength, even outperforming strong (covalent) bonds. At the same time, covalent bonds enhance the polymer layer density, increasing in particular the number of non-covalent bonds. In summary, we can show that the key for the design of stable and durable polymer coatings is to provide a variety of multivalent interactions and to keep the number of non-covalent interactions at a high level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Lallemang
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT-Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Leixiao Yu
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takusstraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Wanhao Cai
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Klaus Rischka
- Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Advanced Materials IFAM, Wiener Straße 12, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Andreas Hartwig
- Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Advanced Materials IFAM, Wiener Straße 12, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- University of Bremen, Department 2 Biology/Chemistry, Leobener Straße 3, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takusstraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thorsten Hugel
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT-Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bizan N Balzer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT-Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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2
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Abduljauwad SN, Ahmed HUR. Enhancing cancer cell adhesion with clay nanoparticles for countering metastasis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5935. [PMID: 30976058 PMCID: PMC6459834 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42498-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer metastasis results from the suppression of adhesion between cancer cells and the extracellular matrix, causing their migration from the primary tumor location and the subsequent formation of tumors in distant organs. This study demonstrates the potential use of nano-sized clay mineral particles to modulate adhesions between tumor cells and with the surrounding extracellular matrix. Atomic force microscopy studies of live cell cultures reveal a significant increase in adhesion between tumor cells and their environment after treatment with different types of electrically charged clay nanoparticles. The enhancement of adhesion among cancer cells was further confirmed through scratch type of wound healing assay studies. To provide insight into the adhesion mechanisms introduced by the clay nanoparticles, we performed a molecular-level computer simulation of cell adhesions in the presence and absence of the nanoparticles. Strong van der Waals and electrostatic attractions modelled in the molecular simulations result in an increase in the cohesive energy density of these environments when treated with clay crystallites. The increase in the cohesive energy density after the sorption of clay crystallites on cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix complexes lends weight to our strategy of using clay nanoparticles for the restoration of adhesion among cancer cells and prevention of metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahel N Abduljauwad
- Civil & Environmental Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Habib-Ur-Rehman Ahmed
- Civil & Environmental Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.
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3
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Johnson KC, Thomas WE. How Do We Know when Single-Molecule Force Spectroscopy Really Tests Single Bonds? Biophys J 2018; 114:2032-2039. [PMID: 29742396 PMCID: PMC5961468 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Single-molecule force spectroscopy makes it possible to measure the mechanical strength of single noncovalent receptor-ligand-type bonds. A major challenge in this technique is to ensure that measurements reflect bonds between single biomolecules because the molecules cannot be directly observed. This perspective evaluates different methodologies for identifying and reducing the contribution of multiple molecule interactions to single-molecule measurements to help the reader design experiments or assess publications in the single-molecule force spectroscopy field. We apply our analysis to the large body of literature that purports to measure the strength of single bonds between biotin and streptavidin as a demonstration that measurements are only reproducible when the most reliable methods for ensuring single molecules are used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith C Johnson
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Wendy E Thomas
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
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4
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Abstract
Nanomedicine is a discipline that applies nanoscience and nanotechnology principles to the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of human diseases. Self-assembly of molecular components is becoming a common strategy in the design and syntheses of nanomaterials for biomedical applications. In both natural and synthetic self-assembled nanostructures, molecular cooperativity is emerging as an important hallmark. In many cases, interplay of many types of noncovalent interactions leads to dynamic nanosystems with emergent properties where the whole is bigger than the sum of the parts. In this review, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the cooperativity principles in multiple self-assembled nanostructures. We discuss the molecular origin and quantitative modeling of cooperative behaviors. In selected systems, we describe the examples on how to leverage molecular cooperativity to design nanomedicine with improved diagnostic precision and therapeutic efficacy in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center , UT Southwestern Medical Center , 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard , Dallas , Texas 75390 , United States
| | - Yiguang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center , UT Southwestern Medical Center , 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard , Dallas , Texas 75390 , United States.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs , Peking University , Beijing , 100191 , China
| | - Gang Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center , UT Southwestern Medical Center , 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard , Dallas , Texas 75390 , United States
| | - Jinming Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center , UT Southwestern Medical Center , 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard , Dallas , Texas 75390 , United States
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5
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Bae YI, Hwang I, Kim I, Kim K, Park JW. Force Measurement for the Interaction between Cucurbit[7]uril and Mica and Self-Assembled Monolayer in the Presence of Zn 2+ Studied with Atomic Force Microscopy. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:11884-11892. [PMID: 28946747 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b02168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Force spectroscopy with atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed that cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) strongly binds to a mica surface in the presence of cations. Indeed, Zn2+ was observed to facilitate the self-assembly of CB[7] on the mica surface, whereas monocations, such as Na+, were less effective. The progression of the process and the cation-mediated self-assembled monolayer were characterized using AFM, and the observed height of the layer agrees well with the calculated CB[7] value (9.1 Å). We utilized force-based AFM to further study the interaction of CB[7] with guest molecules. To this end, CB[7] was immobilized on a glass substrate, and aminomethylferrocene (am-Fc) was conjugated onto an AFM tip. The single-molecule interaction between CB[7] and am-Fc was monitored by collecting the unbinding force curves. The force histogram showed single ruptures and a unimodal distribution, and the most probable unbinding force value was 101 pN in deionized water and 86 pN in phosphate-buffered saline buffer. The results indicate that the unbinding force was larger than that of streptavidin-biotin measured under the same conditions, whereas the dissociation constant was smaller by 1 order of magnitude (0.012 s-1 vs 0.13 s-1). Furthermore, a high-resolution adhesion force map showed a part of the CB[7] cavities on the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-In Bae
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Center for Self-Assembly and Complexity (CSC), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), and §Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology , 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Ilha Hwang
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Center for Self-Assembly and Complexity (CSC), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), and §Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology , 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Ikjin Kim
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Center for Self-Assembly and Complexity (CSC), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), and §Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology , 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Kimoon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Center for Self-Assembly and Complexity (CSC), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), and §Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology , 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Joon Won Park
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Center for Self-Assembly and Complexity (CSC), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), and §Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology , 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang 37673, Korea
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6
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Nguyen NM, Angely C, Andre Dias S, Planus E, Filoche M, Pelle G, Louis B, Isabey D. Characterisation of cellular adhesion reinforcement by multiple bond force spectroscopy in alveolar epithelial cells. Biol Cell 2017; 109:255-272. [DOI: 10.1111/boc.201600080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc-Minh Nguyen
- Inserm; U955; Equipe 13; Biomécanique & Appareil Respiratoire; Créteil Cedex F-94010 France
- Université Paris Est; UMR S955, UPEC Créteil Cedex F-94010 France
- CNRS; ERL 7240 Créteil Cedex F-94010 France
| | - Christelle Angely
- Inserm; U955; Equipe 13; Biomécanique & Appareil Respiratoire; Créteil Cedex F-94010 France
- Université Paris Est; UMR S955, UPEC Créteil Cedex F-94010 France
- CNRS; ERL 7240 Créteil Cedex F-94010 France
| | - Sofia Andre Dias
- Inserm; U955; Equipe 13; Biomécanique & Appareil Respiratoire; Créteil Cedex F-94010 France
- Université Paris Est; UMR S955, UPEC Créteil Cedex F-94010 France
- CNRS; ERL 7240 Créteil Cedex F-94010 France
| | - Emmanuelle Planus
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB); Centre de Recherche UGA/Inserm U1209/CNRS UMR 5309; La Tronche 38700 France
| | - Marcel Filoche
- Inserm; U955; Equipe 13; Biomécanique & Appareil Respiratoire; Créteil Cedex F-94010 France
- Université Paris Est; UMR S955, UPEC Créteil Cedex F-94010 France
- CNRS; ERL 7240 Créteil Cedex F-94010 France
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée; Ecole Polytechnique; CNRS; Université Paris Saclay; Palaiseau 91128 France
| | - Gabriel Pelle
- Inserm; U955; Equipe 13; Biomécanique & Appareil Respiratoire; Créteil Cedex F-94010 France
- Université Paris Est; UMR S955, UPEC Créteil Cedex F-94010 France
- CNRS; ERL 7240 Créteil Cedex F-94010 France
- AP-HP; Groupe Hospitalier H. Mondor - A. Chenevier; Service des Explorations Fonctionnelles; Créteil Cedex F-94010 France
| | - Bruno Louis
- Inserm; U955; Equipe 13; Biomécanique & Appareil Respiratoire; Créteil Cedex F-94010 France
- Université Paris Est; UMR S955, UPEC Créteil Cedex F-94010 France
- CNRS; ERL 7240 Créteil Cedex F-94010 France
| | - Daniel Isabey
- Inserm; U955; Equipe 13; Biomécanique & Appareil Respiratoire; Créteil Cedex F-94010 France
- Université Paris Est; UMR S955, UPEC Créteil Cedex F-94010 France
- CNRS; ERL 7240 Créteil Cedex F-94010 France
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7
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Hu SK, Huang LT, Chao L. Membrane species mobility under in-lipid-membrane forced convection. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:6954-6963. [PMID: 27476605 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm01145d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Processing and managing cell membrane proteins for characterization while maintaining their intact structure is challenging. Hydrodynamic flow has been used to transport membrane species in supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) where the hydrophobic cores of the membrane species can be protected during processing. However, the forced convection mechanism of species embedded in lipid bilayers is still unclear. Developing a controlled SLB platform with a practical model to predict the membrane species mobility in the platform under in-lipid-membrane forced convection is imperative to ensure the practical applicability of SLBs in processing and managing membrane species with various geometrical properties. The mobility of membrane species is affected by the driving force from the aqueous environment in addition to the frictions from the lipid bilayer, in which both lipid leaflets may exhibit different speeds relative to that of the moving species. In this study, we developed a model, based on the applied driving force and the possible frictional resistances that the membrane species encounter, to predict how the mobility under in-lipid-membrane forced convection is influenced by the sizes of the species' hydrophilic portion in the aqueous environment and the hydrophobic portion embedded in the membrane. In addition, we used a microfluidic device for controlling the flow to arrange the lipid membrane and the tested membrane species in the desirable locations in order to obtain a SLB platform which can provide clear mobility responses of the species without disturbance from the species dispersion effect. The model predictions were consistent with the experimental observations, with the sliding friction coefficient between the upper leaflet and the hydrophilic portion of the species as the only regressed parameter. The result suggests that not only the lateral drag frictions from the lipid layers but also the sliding frictions between the species and the lipid layer planes could significantly influence the species mobility. The consistency between the experimental results and the model predictions suggests that our model based on lateral drag and sliding frictions between the species and the lipid leaflets can be used to describe the mobility of half-transmembrane species. We also demonstrated the possibility of how the scope of this model can be broadened to describe the mobility of transmembrane proteins extending through both lipid leaflets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Kai Hu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Ling-Ting Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Ling Chao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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8
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Isabey D, Pelle G, André Dias S, Bottier M, Nguyen NM, Filoche M, Louis B. Multiscale evaluation of cellular adhesion alteration and cytoskeleton remodeling by magnetic bead twisting. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2015; 15:947-63. [PMID: 26459324 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-015-0734-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cellular adhesion forces depend on local biological conditions meaning that adhesion characterization must be performed while preserving cellular integrity. We presently postulate that magnetic bead twisting provides an appropriate stress, i.e., basically a clamp, for assessment in living cells of both cellular adhesion and mechanical properties of the cytoskeleton. A global dissociation rate obeying a Bell-type model was used to determine the natural dissociation rate ([Formula: see text]) and a reference stress ([Formula: see text]). These adhesion parameters were determined in parallel to the mechanical properties for a variety of biological conditions in which either adhesion or cytoskeleton was selectively weakened or strengthened by changing successively ligand concentration, actin polymerization level (by treating with cytochalasin D), level of exerted stress (by increasing magnetic torque), and cell environment (by using rigid and soft 3D matrices). On the whole, this multiscale evaluation of the cellular and molecular responses to a controlled stress reveals an evolution which is consistent with stochastic multiple bond theories and with literature results obtained with other molecular techniques. Present results confirm the validity of the proposed bead-twisting approach for its capability to probe cellular and molecular responses in a variety of biological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Isabey
- Inserm, U955, Équipe 13, Biomécanique and Appareil Respiratoire: une approche multi-échelle, UMR S955, CNRS, ERL 7240, Université Paris Est, UPEC, 8, rue du Général Sarrail, 94010, Créteil Cedex, France.
| | - Gabriel Pelle
- Inserm, U955, Équipe 13, Biomécanique and Appareil Respiratoire: une approche multi-échelle, UMR S955, CNRS, ERL 7240, Université Paris Est, UPEC, 8, rue du Général Sarrail, 94010, Créteil Cedex, France.,APHP, Groupe Hospitalier H. Mondor A. Chenevier, Service des Explorations Fonctionnelles, 51, Avenue du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 94010, Créteil Cedex, France
| | - Sofia André Dias
- Inserm, U955, Équipe 13, Biomécanique and Appareil Respiratoire: une approche multi-échelle, UMR S955, CNRS, ERL 7240, Université Paris Est, UPEC, 8, rue du Général Sarrail, 94010, Créteil Cedex, France
| | - Mathieu Bottier
- Inserm, U955, Équipe 13, Biomécanique and Appareil Respiratoire: une approche multi-échelle, UMR S955, CNRS, ERL 7240, Université Paris Est, UPEC, 8, rue du Général Sarrail, 94010, Créteil Cedex, France
| | - Ngoc-Minh Nguyen
- Inserm, U955, Équipe 13, Biomécanique and Appareil Respiratoire: une approche multi-échelle, UMR S955, CNRS, ERL 7240, Université Paris Est, UPEC, 8, rue du Général Sarrail, 94010, Créteil Cedex, France
| | - Marcel Filoche
- Inserm, U955, Équipe 13, Biomécanique and Appareil Respiratoire: une approche multi-échelle, UMR S955, CNRS, ERL 7240, Université Paris Est, UPEC, 8, rue du Général Sarrail, 94010, Créteil Cedex, France.,Physique de la Matière Condensée, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, 91128, Palaiseau, France
| | - Bruno Louis
- Inserm, U955, Équipe 13, Biomécanique and Appareil Respiratoire: une approche multi-échelle, UMR S955, CNRS, ERL 7240, Université Paris Est, UPEC, 8, rue du Général Sarrail, 94010, Créteil Cedex, France
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9
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Spoerke ED, Boal AK, Bachand GD, Bunker BC. Templated nanocrystal assembly on biodynamic artificial microtubule asters. ACS NANO 2013; 7:2012-2019. [PMID: 23363365 DOI: 10.1021/nn303998k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Microtubules (MTs) and the MT-associated proteins (MAPs) are critical cooperative agents involved in complex nanoassembly processes in biological systems. These biological materials and processes serve as important inspiration in developing new strategies for the assembly of synthetic nanomaterials in emerging techologies. Here, we explore a dynamic biofabrication process, modeled after the form and function of natural aster-like MT assemblies such as centrosomes. Specifically, we exploit the cooperative assembly of MTs and MAPs to form artificial microtubule asters and demonstrate that (1) these three-dimensional biomimetic microtubule asters can be controllably, reversibly assembled and (2) they serve as unique, dynamic biotemplates for the organization of secondary nanomaterials. We describe the MAP-mediated assembly and growth of functionalized MTs onto synthetic particles, the dynamic character of the assembled asters, and the application of these structures as templates for three-dimensional nanocrystal organization across multiple length scales. This biomediated nanomaterials assembly strategy illuminates a promising new pathway toward next-generation nanocomposite development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik D Spoerke
- Electronic, Optical, and Nano Materials, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States.
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10
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Olmsted IR, Kussrow A, Bornhop DJ. Comparison of free-solution and surface-immobilized molecular interactions using a single platform. Anal Chem 2012; 84:10817-22. [PMID: 23173653 DOI: 10.1021/ac302933h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
While it is generally accepted that surface immobilization affects the binding properties of proteins, it has been difficult to quantify these effects due to the lack of technology capable of making affinity measurements with species tethered and in free solution on a single platform. Further, quantifying the interaction of binding pairs with widely differing masses has also been challenging, particularly when it is desirable to tether the high molecular weight protein. Here we describe the use of backscattering interferometry (BSI) to quantify the binding affinity of mannose and glucose to concanavalin A (ConA), a 106 KDa homotetramer protein, in free solution using picomoles of the protein. Using the same platform, BSI, we then studied the effect on the binding constants of the ConA-carbohydrate interactions upon chemically immobilizing ConA on the sensor surface. By varying the distances (0, 7.17, and 20.35 nm) of the ConA tether and comparing these results to the free-solution measurements, it has been possible to quantify the effect that protein immobilization has on binding. Our results indicate that the apparent binding affinity of the sugar-lectin pair increases as the distance between ConA and the surface decreases. These observations could lend insight as to why the affinity values reported in the literature sometimes vary significantly from one measurement technique to another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian R Olmsted
- Department of Chemistry and the Vanderbilt Institute for Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, 4226 Stevenson Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
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11
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Kao FS, Ger W, Pan YR, Yu HC, Hsu RQ, Chen HM. Chip-based protein-protein interaction studied by atomic force microscopy. Biotechnol Bioeng 2012; 109:2460-7. [PMID: 22511236 DOI: 10.1002/bit.24521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Revised: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In this article, a technique for accurate direct measurement of protein-to-protein interactions before and after the introduction of a drug candidate is developed using atomic force microscopy (AFM). The method is applied to known immunosuppressant drug candidate Echinacea purpurea derived cynarin. T-cell/CD28 is on-chip immobilized and B-cell/CD80 is immobilized on an AFM tip. The difference in unbinding force between these two proteins before and after the introduction of cynarin is measured. The method is described in detail including determination of the loading rates, maximum probability of bindings, and average unbinding forces. At an AFM loading rate of 1.44 × 10(4) pN/s, binding events were largely reduced from 61 ± 5% to 47 ± 6% after cynarin introduction. Similarly, maximum probability of bindings reduced from 70% to 35% with a blocking effect of about 35% for a fixed contact time of 0.5 s or greater. Furthermore, average unbinding forces were reduced from 61.4 to 38.9 pN with a blocking effect of ≈ 37% as compared with ≈ 9% by SPR. AFM, which can provide accurate quantitative measures, is shown to be a good method for drug screening. The method could be applied to a wider variety of drug candidates with advances in bio-chip technology and a more comprehensive AFM database of protein-to-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Sheng Kao
- National Nano Device Laboratories, Nano Biomedical & MEMS Technology Division, No. 26, Prosperity Road I, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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12
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Costa LT, Vilani C, Peripolli S, Stavale F, Legnani C, Achete CA. Direct immobilization of avidin protein on AFM tip functionalized by acrylic acid vapor at RF plasma. J Mol Recognit 2012; 25:256-61. [DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lilian T. Costa
- Instituto de Biofísica; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro/Polo Xerém; Duque de Caxias; 25245-390; Brazil
| | - Cecília Vilani
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, PUC; Rio de Janeiro; 22451-900; Brazil
| | - Suzana Peripolli
- Divisão de Metrologia de Materiais; Inmetro; Duque de Caxias; 25250-020; Brazil
| | - Fernando Stavale
- Divisão de Metrologia de Materiais; Inmetro; Duque de Caxias; 25250-020; Brazil
| | - Cristiano Legnani
- Departamento de Física; Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, UFJF; Juiz de Fora; MG; 36036-330; Brazil
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13
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Teulon JM, Delcuze Y, Odorico M, Chen SWW, Parot P, Pellequer JL. Single and multiple bonds in (strept)avidin-biotin interactions. J Mol Recognit 2011; 24:490-502. [DOI: 10.1002/jmr.1109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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14
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Statistical Thermodynamics of Adhesion Points in Supported Membranes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-387720-8.00005-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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15
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Raphael MP, Rappole CA, Kurihara LK, Christodoulides JA, Qadri SN, Byers JM. Iminobiotin Binding Induces Large Fluorescent Enhancements in Avidin and Streptavidin Fluorescent Conjugates and Exhibits Diverging pH-Dependent Binding Affinities. J Fluoresc 2010; 21:647-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-010-0752-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2010] [Accepted: 10/14/2010] [Indexed: 09/29/2022]
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Cho JH, Cho K, Shin HS. Kinetic and thermodynamic analyses of adhesion of a peptide, Trp-Lys-Tyr-Met-Val-D-Met (WKYMVm), and human formyl peptide receptor (hFPR). Biotechnol Lett 2010; 32:773-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-010-0226-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2009] [Revised: 02/07/2010] [Accepted: 02/10/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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17
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Bizzarri AR, Cannistraro S. The application of atomic force spectroscopy to the study of biological complexes undergoing a biorecognition process. Chem Soc Rev 2010; 39:734-49. [DOI: 10.1039/b811426a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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18
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Fu G, Milburn C, Mwenifumbo S, Cao Y, Oparinde G, Adeoye M, Therialt C, Beye A, Soboyejo W. Shear assay measurements of cell adhesion on biomaterials surfaces. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2008.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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19
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Cinar MO, Koçum IC, Ayhan H, Pişkin E. HIgG detection by histidine carrying AFM tips (cantilevers). ARTIFICIAL CELLS, BLOOD SUBSTITUTES, AND IMMOBILIZATION BIOTECHNOLOGY 2008; 36:340-51. [PMID: 18649169 DOI: 10.1080/10731190802239024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
"Atomic Force Microscope" (AFM) tips (cantilevers) carrying a pseudo-specific ligand, i.e., histidine were prepared and investigated for detection of Human Immunoglobulin-G (HIgG) in aqueous media. The AFM tips (cantilevers) were first treated with HNO(3) and silanized to create amino groups; then glutaraldehyde (GA) was bonded via these surface amino groups; and finally, histidine molecules were immobilized by reaction of the amino groups of histidine with the free aldehyde groups of GA. Optimal immobilization conditions were described. Immobilizations were observed both by optical and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Interactions between the histidine carrying AFM tips (cantilevers) and the aqueous medium containing HIgG with different concentrations were quantified by "the separation distance" measured with the AFM system as the main variable. A quite nice linear correlation between the HIgG concentration and the separation distance was measured with AFM system. Interactions were also followed by an alternative "Modified Lowry" method, in which similar behavior was observed. We were able to measure HIgG concentration in aqueous media down to 0.055 pmol/micro l (8 mg/dl) concentration with this AFM based novel immunosensor.
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Spoerke ED, Bachand GD, Liu J, Sasaki D, Bunker BC. Directing the polar organization of microtubules. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:7039-7043. [PMID: 18564864 DOI: 10.1021/la800500c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Microtubules (MTs) are polar protein filaments that participate in critical biological functions ranging from motor protein direction to coordination of chromosome separation during cell division. The effective facilitation of these processes, however, requires careful regulation of the polar orientation and spatial organization of the assembled MTs. We describe here an artificial approach to polar MT assembly that enables us to create three-dimensional polar-oriented synthetic microtubule organizing centers (POSMOCs). Utilizing engineered MT polymerization in concert with functionalized micro- and nanoscale particles, we demonstrate the controllable polar assembly of MTs into asters and the variations in aster structure determined by the interactions between the MTs and the functionalized organizing particles. Inspired by the aster-like form of biological structures such as centrosomes, these POSMOCs represent a key step toward replicating biology's complex materials assembly machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik D Spoerke
- Department of Electronic and Nanostructured Materials, Sandia National Laboratories, 1515 Eubank SE, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA.
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21
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Zhang J, Kuznetsov AM, Medvedev IG, Chi Q, Albrecht T, Jensen PS, Ulstrup J. Single-Molecule Electron Transfer in Electrochemical Environments. Chem Rev 2008; 108:2737-91. [PMID: 18620372 DOI: 10.1021/cr068073+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Abstract
Using single-molecule force-clamp spectroscopy, where the distance between the AFM tip and the sample surface is fixed and a few parallel avidin-biotin complexes are kept stretched by a certain force, we were able to observe the formation of single avidin-biotin bonds. Perspectives to use such an approach to study association reactions at single-molecule level in the conditions resembling those characteristic for some processes in vivo (e.g. virus-cell membrane attachment) are briefly discussed.
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Kihara T, Yoshida N, Mieda S, Fukazawa K, Nakamura C, Ishihara K, Miyake J. Nanoneedle Surface Modification with 2-Methacryloyloxyethyl Phosphorylcholine Polymer to Reduce Nonspecific Protein Adsorption in a Living Cell. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s12030-008-9002-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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24
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Abstract
In this review, we summarize the current state of understanding of the processes by which leukocytes, and other cells, such as tumor cells interact with the endothelium under various blood flow conditions. It is shown that the interactions are influenced by cell-cell adhesion properties, shear stresses due to the flow field and can also be modified by the cells microrheological properties. Different adhesion proteins are known to be involved leading to particular mechanisms by which interactions take place during inflammation or metastasis. Cell rolling, spreading, migration are discussed, as well as the effect of flow conditions on these mechanisms, including microfluidic effects. Several mathematical models proposed in recent years capturing the essential features of such interaction mechanisms are reviewed. Finally, we present a recent model in which the adhesion is given by a kinetics theory based model and the cell itself is modeled as a viscoelastic drop. Qualitative agreement is found between the predictions of this model and in vitro experiments.
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Extending Bell's model: how force transducer stiffness alters measured unbinding forces and kinetics of molecular complexes. Biophys J 2008; 94:2621-30. [PMID: 18178658 DOI: 10.1529/biophysj.107.114454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Forced unbinding of complementary macromolecules such as ligand-receptor complexes can reveal energetic and kinetic details governing physiological processes ranging from cellular adhesion to drug metabolism. Although molecular-level experiments have enabled sampling of individual ligand-receptor complex dissociation events, disparities in measured unbinding force F(R) among these methods lead to marked variation in inferred binding energetics and kinetics at equilibrium. These discrepancies are documented for even the ubiquitous ligand-receptor pair, biotin-streptavidin. We investigated these disparities and examined atomic-level unbinding trajectories via steered molecular dynamics simulations, as well as via molecular force spectroscopy experiments on biotin-streptavidin. In addition to the well-known loading rate dependence of F(R) predicted by Bell's model, we find that experimentally accessible parameters such as the effective stiffness of the force transducer k can significantly perturb the energy landscape and the apparent unbinding force of the complex for sufficiently stiff force transducers. Additionally, at least 20% variation in unbinding force can be attributed to minute differences in initial atomic positions among energetically and structurally comparable complexes. For force transducers typical of molecular force spectroscopy experiments and atomistic simulations, this energy barrier perturbation results in extrapolated energetic and kinetic parameters of the complex that depend strongly on k. We present a model that explicitly includes the effect of k on apparent unbinding force of the ligand-receptor complex, and demonstrate that this correction enables prediction of unbinding distances and dissociation rates that are decoupled from the stiffness of actual or simulated molecular linkers.
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Ray C, Brown JR, Akhremitchev BB. Rupture force analysis and the associated systematic errors in force spectroscopy by AFM. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2007; 23:6076-83. [PMID: 17439260 DOI: 10.1021/la070131e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Force spectroscopy is a new and valuable tool in physical chemistry and biophysics. However, data analysis has yet to be standardized, hindering the advancement of the technique. In this article, treatment of the rupture forces is described in the framework of the Bell-Evans model, and the systematic errors associated with the tether effect for approaches that utilize the most probable, the median, and the mean rupture forces are compared. It is shown that significant systematic errors in the dissociation rate can result from nonlinear loading with polymeric tethers even if the apparent loading rate is used in the analysis. Analytical expressions for the systematic errors are provided for the most probable and median forces. The use of these expressions to correct the associated systematic errors is illustrated by the analysis of the measured rupture forces between single hexadecane molecules in water. It is noted that the measured distributions of rupture forces often contain high forces that are unaccounted for by theoretical models. Experimental data indicate that the most significant effect of the high forces "tail" is on the dissociation rate obtained from the median force analysis whereas the barrier width appears to be unaffected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad Ray
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
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28
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Favre M, Chtcheglova LA, Lapshin DA, Sekatskii SK, Valle F, Dietler G. Force-clamp spectroscopy with a small dithering of AFM tip, and its application to explore the energy landscape of single avidin-biotin complex. Ultramicroscopy 2007; 107:882-6. [PMID: 17560032 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2007.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We have recently developed a new method for directly measuring the spring constant of single molecules and molecular complexes on a real-time basis [L.A. Chtcheglova, G.T. Shubeita, S.K. Sekatskii, G. Dietler, Biophys. J. 86 (2004) 1177]. The technique combines standard force spectroscopy with a small dithering of tip. Changes in the amplitude of the oscillations are measured as a function of the pulling-off force to yield the spring constant of the complex. In this report, we present the first results of combination of this approach with the force-clamp spectroscopy. The standard atomic-force microscope has been supplemented with an electronic unit, which is capable of realizing an arbitrary force function, and permits the force-loading regime to be interrupted at any time. Using this method, the time needed to rupture a single bond can be measured as a function of the force that is required to maintain the complex in a stretched condition. The energy landscape of the avidin-biotin complex is explored and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Favre
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Vivante, IPMC, BSP, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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29
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Odorico M, Teulon JM, Bessou T, Vidaud C, Bellanger L, Chen SWW, Quéméneur É, Parot P, Pellequer JL. Energy landscape of chelated uranyl: antibody interactions by dynamic force spectroscopy. Biophys J 2007; 93:645-54. [PMID: 17449661 PMCID: PMC1896262 DOI: 10.1529/biophysj.106.098129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We used dynamic force spectroscopy (DFS) to explore the energy landscape of interactions between a chelated uranyl compound and a monoclonal antibody raised against the uranyl-dicarboxy-phenanthroline complex. We estimated the potential energy barrier widths and the relevant thermodynamic rate constants along the dissociation coordinate. Using atomic force microscopy, four different experimental setups with or without the uranyl ion in the chelate ligand, we have distinguished specific and nonspecific binding in the binding affinity of the uranyl compound to the antibody. The force loading rates for our system were measured from 15 to 26,400 pN/s. The results showed two regimes in the plot of the most probable unbinding force versus the logarithm of the loading rate, revealing the presence of two (at least) activation barriers. Analyses of DFS suggest parallel multivalent binding present in either regime. We have also built a molecular model for the variable fragment of the antibody and used computational graphics to dock the chelated uranyl ion into the binding pocket. The structural analysis led us to hypothesize that the two regimes originate from two interaction modes: the first one corresponds to an energy barrier with a very narrow width of 0.5 +/- 0.2 A, inferring dissociation of the uranyl ion from its first coordination shell (Asp residue); the second one with a broader energy barrier width (3.9 +/- 0.3 A) infers the entire chelate compound dissociated from the antibody. Our study highlights the sensitivity of DFS experiments to dissect protein-metal compound interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Odorico
- CEA Valrhô, Direction des Science du Vivant/Institut de Biologie environnementale et Biotechnologie/Service de Biochimie et Toxicologie Nucléaire, BP 17171, 30207 Bagnols sur Cèze, France, and 13 Avenue de la Mayre, 30200 Bagnols sur Cèze, France
| | - Jean-Marie Teulon
- CEA Valrhô, Direction des Science du Vivant/Institut de Biologie environnementale et Biotechnologie/Service de Biochimie et Toxicologie Nucléaire, BP 17171, 30207 Bagnols sur Cèze, France, and 13 Avenue de la Mayre, 30200 Bagnols sur Cèze, France
| | - Thérèse Bessou
- CEA Valrhô, Direction des Science du Vivant/Institut de Biologie environnementale et Biotechnologie/Service de Biochimie et Toxicologie Nucléaire, BP 17171, 30207 Bagnols sur Cèze, France, and 13 Avenue de la Mayre, 30200 Bagnols sur Cèze, France
| | - Claude Vidaud
- CEA Valrhô, Direction des Science du Vivant/Institut de Biologie environnementale et Biotechnologie/Service de Biochimie et Toxicologie Nucléaire, BP 17171, 30207 Bagnols sur Cèze, France, and 13 Avenue de la Mayre, 30200 Bagnols sur Cèze, France
| | - Laurent Bellanger
- CEA Valrhô, Direction des Science du Vivant/Institut de Biologie environnementale et Biotechnologie/Service de Biochimie et Toxicologie Nucléaire, BP 17171, 30207 Bagnols sur Cèze, France, and 13 Avenue de la Mayre, 30200 Bagnols sur Cèze, France
| | - Shu-wen W. Chen
- CEA Valrhô, Direction des Science du Vivant/Institut de Biologie environnementale et Biotechnologie/Service de Biochimie et Toxicologie Nucléaire, BP 17171, 30207 Bagnols sur Cèze, France, and 13 Avenue de la Mayre, 30200 Bagnols sur Cèze, France
| | - Éric Quéméneur
- CEA Valrhô, Direction des Science du Vivant/Institut de Biologie environnementale et Biotechnologie/Service de Biochimie et Toxicologie Nucléaire, BP 17171, 30207 Bagnols sur Cèze, France, and 13 Avenue de la Mayre, 30200 Bagnols sur Cèze, France
| | - Pierre Parot
- CEA Valrhô, Direction des Science du Vivant/Institut de Biologie environnementale et Biotechnologie/Service de Biochimie et Toxicologie Nucléaire, BP 17171, 30207 Bagnols sur Cèze, France, and 13 Avenue de la Mayre, 30200 Bagnols sur Cèze, France
| | - Jean-Luc Pellequer
- CEA Valrhô, Direction des Science du Vivant/Institut de Biologie environnementale et Biotechnologie/Service de Biochimie et Toxicologie Nucléaire, BP 17171, 30207 Bagnols sur Cèze, France, and 13 Avenue de la Mayre, 30200 Bagnols sur Cèze, France
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30
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Ray C, Brown JR, Akhremitchev BB. Correction of Systematic Errors in Single-Molecule Force Spectroscopy with Polymeric Tethers by Atomic Force Microscopy. J Phys Chem B 2007; 111:1963-74. [PMID: 17284065 DOI: 10.1021/jp065530h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Single-molecule force spectroscopy has become a valuable tool for the investigation of intermolecular energy landscapes for a wide range of molecular associations. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is often used as an experimental technique in these measurements, and the Bell-Evans model is commonly used in the statistical analysis of rupture forces. Most applications of the Bell-Evans model consider a constant loading rate of force applied to the intermolecular bond. The data analysis is often inconsistent because either the probe velocity or the apparent loading rate is being used as an independent parameter. These approaches provide different results when used in AFM-based experiments. Significant variations in results arise from the relative stiffness of the AFM force sensor in comparison with the stiffness of polymeric tethers that link the molecules under study to the solid surfaces. An analytical model presented here accounts for the systematic errors in force-spectroscopy parameters arising from the nonlinear loading induced by polymer tethers. The presented analytical model is based on the Bell-Evans model of the kinetics of forced dissociation and on the asymptotic models of tether stretching. The two most common data reduction procedures are analyzed, and analytical expressions for the systematic errors are provided. The model shows that the barrier width is underestimated and that the dissociation rate is significantly overestimated when force-spectroscopy data are analyzed without taking into account the elasticity of the polymeric tether. Systematic error estimates for asymptotic freely jointed chain and wormlike chain polymer models are given for comparison. The analytical model based on the asymptotic freely jointed chain stretching is employed to analyze and correct the results of the double-tether force-spectroscopy experiments of disjoining "hydrophobic bonds" between individual hexadecane molecules that are covalently tethered via poly(ethylene glycol) linkers of different lengths to the substrates and to the AFM probes. Application of the correction algorithm decreases the spread of the data from the mean value, which is particularly important for measurements of the dissociation rate, and increases the barrier width to 0.43 nm, which might be indicative of the theoretically predicted hydrophobic dewetting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad Ray
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
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31
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Rico F, Roca-Cusachs P, Sunyer R, Farré R, Navajas D. Cell dynamic adhesion and elastic properties probed with cylindrical atomic force microscopy cantilever tips. J Mol Recognit 2007; 20:459-66. [PMID: 17891755 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Cell adhesion is required for essential biological functions such as migration, tissue formation and wound healing, and it is mediated by individual molecules that bind specifically to ligands on other cells or on the extracellular matrix. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been successfully used to measure cell adhesion at both single molecule and whole cell levels. However, the measurement of inherent cell adhesion properties requires a constant cell-probe contact area during indentation, a requirement which is not fulfilled in common pyramidal or spherical AFM tips. We developed a procedure using focused ion beam (FIB) technology by which we modified silicon pyramidal AFM cantilever tips to obtain flat-ended cylindrical tips with a constant and known area of contact. The tips were validated on elastic gels and living cells. Cylindrical tips showed a fairly linear force-indentation behaviour on both gels and cells for indentations >200 nm. Cylindrical tips coated with ligands were used to quantify inherent dynamic cell adhesion and elastic properties. Force, work of adhesion and elasticity showed a marked dynamic response. In contrast, the deformation applied to the cells before rupture was fairly constant within the probed dynamic range. Taken together, these results suggest that the dynamic adhesion strength is counterbalanced by the dynamic elastic response to keep a constant cell deformation regardless of the applied pulling rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félix Rico
- Unitat de Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
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32
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Thormann E, Hansen PL, Simonsen AC, Mouritsen OG. Dynamic force spectroscopy on soft molecular systems: Improved analysis of unbinding spectra with varying linker compliance. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2006; 53:149-56. [PMID: 17023148 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2006.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2006] [Revised: 08/21/2006] [Accepted: 08/22/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic force spectroscopy makes it possible to measure the breaking of single molecular bonds or the unfolding of single proteins subjected to a time-dependent pulling force. The force needed to break a single bond or to unfold a domain in a protein depends critically on the time dependence of the applied force. In this way the elastic response couples to the unbinding force. We have performed an experimental and theoretical examination of this coupling by studying the well-known biotin-streptavidin bond in systems incorporating two common types of linkers. In the first case biotin is linked by bovine serum albumin (BSA) and it is observed that this linker has a linear elastic response. More surprisingly we find that its force constant varies significantly between repeated force curves. It is demonstrated that by sorting the force curves according to the force constant of the linker we can improve the data analysis and obtain a better agreement between experimental data and theory. In the second case biotin is linked by poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), which has a soft nonlinear elastic response. A numerical calculation of the unbinding statistics for the polymer system agrees quantitatively with experiments. It demonstrates a clear decrease in unbinding forces resulting from the polymer linker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esben Thormann
- MEMPHYS, Physics Department, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark.
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33
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Koçum C, Ulgen SD, Cubukçu E, Pişkin E. Atomic force microscopy tips (cantilevers) as molecular nucleic acid sensors. Ultramicroscopy 2005; 106:326-33. [PMID: 16387442 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2005.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2004] [Revised: 10/24/2005] [Accepted: 10/26/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A model single strand DNA (ssDNA) was covalently immobilized onto AFM tips (cantilevers) as specific ligand. These tips were interacted with the buffer solutions with or without free ssDNA molecules as the target strands to be detected. Immobilization and hybridization onto the cantilever surfaces were observed by optical and fluorescence microscopies. Interactions between the AFM tip (cantilever) and the aqueous medium (therefore with the target ssDNAs) were quantified by obtaining the "percent separation distance" ("PSD") as the main variable. The PSD values obtained for the buffer solutions were between -2.07 and +4.91%. There were slight increases in the negative values when non-complementary ssDNA molecules were introduced into the buffer. However, after hybridization with its complementary ssDNA, the PSD values were significantly increased (between -32.24 and -43.47%). There was a correlation between the concentration of the complementary target ssDNA in the medium and the PSD value. As a result of these promising results it was concluded that this approach may be further developed to create AFM-based molecular sensors for diverse applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cengiz Koçum
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Başkent University, Bağlica, Etimesgut, 06530 Ankara, Turkey.
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34
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Lévy R, Maaloum M. Specific molecular interactions by force spectroscopy: From single bonds to collective properties. Biophys Chem 2005; 117:233-7. [PMID: 15963626 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2005.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2005] [Accepted: 03/23/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Interactions involving multiple bonds occur throughout biology, and have distinct properties that are fundamentally different from those present in single bond systems. We have developed a new method to analyse the AFM force measurements in order to extract relevant information and to characterise the interactions involving from single to multiple bonds. Our study reveals a surprising behaviour in the presence of multiple bonds with a high rebinding probability: the mean binding forces increase with decreasing pulling velocity. Such behaviour is different from the force dependence on the loading rate for single bond rupture or existing models for multiple bonds rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Lévy
- Biosciences Center, University of Liverpool, Crown street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
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35
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Han SW, Nakamura C, Obataya I, Nakamura N, Miyake J. A molecular delivery system by using AFM and nanoneedle. Biosens Bioelectron 2005; 20:2120-5. [PMID: 15741084 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2004.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2004] [Revised: 08/04/2004] [Accepted: 08/11/2004] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We developed a new low invasive cell manipulation and gene or molecule transfer system in a single living cell by using an atomic force microscope (AFM) and ultra thin needle, a nanoneedle. DNA was immobilized on the surface of the nanoneedle by covalent bonding and avidin-biotin affinity binding. Immobilization of DNA on the nanoneedle was confirmed by measuring the unbinding force between avidin and biotin. The DNA-immobilized nanoneedle was successfully inserted into HEK293 cells. Though TO-PRO-3 iodide staining experiments using confocal microscopy, we observed the immobilized DNA on the surface of the nanoneedle, which was retained after 10 times insertions to and evacuations from a living cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Woong Han
- Research Institute for Cell Engineering (RICE), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 3-11-46 Nakoji, Amagasaki, Hyogo 661-0974, Japan
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36
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Simpson KH, Bowden MG, Peacock SJ, Arya M, Höök M, Anvari B. Adherence of Staphylococcus aureus fibronectin binding protein A mutants: an investigation using optical tweezers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 21:105-11. [PMID: 15567104 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioeng.2004.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2003] [Revised: 08/19/2004] [Accepted: 08/19/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial adhesion to extracellular matrix proteins plays a major role in infections of host tissue and medical devices. In some species of gram-positive cocci, this adhesion is mediated by specific molecules present on the bacterial cell surface. We have used optical tweezers to dynamically measure the adhesive force between an individual Staphylococcus aureus bacterium and a fibronectin-coated surface. A bacterium was optically trapped and brought in contact with a 10-microm diameter polystyrene microsphere coated with fibronectin. The force required to detach the cell from the microsphere was measured by tracking the displacement signals of the trapped cell on a quadrant photodiode throughout the detachment process for a series of S. aureus strains expressing fibronectin-binding proteins with various degrees of mutation. The single-bond rupture forces ranged between 15 and 26 pN depending on the extent of mutation. No binding was observed in the strain with the highest degree of mutation. These results confirm that multiple regions of the S. aureus fibronectin adhesin participate in the binding process and provide further insight into the role of these regions in the adhesive process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn H Simpson
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, P.O. Box 1892, MS 142, Houston, TX 77251-1892, USA
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Liu X, Sun JQ, Heggeness MH, Yeh ML, Luo ZP. Direct quantification of the rupture force of single hyaluronan/hyaluronan binding protein bonds. FEBS Lett 2004; 563:23-7. [PMID: 15063717 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(04)00232-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2003] [Revised: 02/23/2004] [Accepted: 02/26/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The non-covalent bond between aggrecan and hyaluronan is critical for maintaining the normal structure and function of the extracellular matrix in articular cartilage. The failure of this bond can cause the loss of aggrecan and destruction of the extracellular matrix of articular cartilage. In this study, the rupture force of the single bond between hyaluronan and hyaluronan binding protein - the complex of the hyaluronan binding region of aggrecan and link protein - was directly measured with a nanomechanical testing system as 40+/-11 pN. The results were compared to a theoretical prediction based on a smart version of the Monte Carlo simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhui Liu
- Sport Medicine Research Center, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, 6550 Fannin, Suite 451, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Anvari B, Arya M, Lopez JA. Measuring the binding strength of single ligand-receptor pairs on cells: reply to a rebuttal. J Thromb Haemost 2004. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7933.2004.0584s.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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