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Matsuzaki K, Iwai K, Yoshikawa Y, Shimamura Y, Miyoshi N, Hiramoto S, Asada K, Fukutomi R, Su H, Ohashi N. Wheat Bran Intake Enhances the Secretion of Bacteria-Binding IgA in a Lumen of the Intestinal Tract by Incrementing Short Chain Fatty Acid Production Through Modulation of Gut Microbiota. Nat Prod Commun 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x20917791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Wheat bran, a by-product generated in large amounts during wheat processing, consists of 36.5% to 52.4% total dietary fiber. In this study, we investigated the effects of wheat bran intake on the intestinal tract immune system through the modulation of gut microbiota. Balb/c mice were fed with AIN-93G diets containing wheat bran with 2 different particle sizes (average particle size of 53 µm: powdered wheat bran; PWB, and 350 µm: granulated wheat bran; WB) as dietary fibers for 4 weeks. In the wheat bran intake groups, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs: acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid) in the feces were increased after the intake of both particle-size diets, especially in the PWB group, in which the increase occurred immediately. 16S rRNA-based metagenomics of the fecal microbiota revealed that the Shannon Index (α-diversity) and weighted UniFrac distances (β-diversity) in wheat bran intake groups were significantly higher than those in the Control group, and the ratio of the certain family within the order Clostridiales in the fecal microbiota was increased after wheat bran intake, probably some including SCFA-producing bacteria. CXCR5, which is a key surface marker expressed on T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, tended to increase at the expression level in wheat bran intake groups. In addition, the amounts of secretory immunoglobulin A (IgA) and the proportion of IgA-binding bacteria in the feces from wheat bran intake groups were significantly higher than those from the Control group. These findings suggest that wheat bran may enhance Tfh-mediated IgA production in the intestine by SCFA increment through the modulation of gut microbiota and is expected to maintain and improve a healthy intestinal environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konosuke Matsuzaki
- Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Katsuki Iwai
- Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yuko Yoshikawa
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Shimamura
- Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Miyoshi
- Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Japan
| | | | - Kenichi Asada
- Health Care Research Center, Nisshin Pharma Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryuuta Fukutomi
- Health Care Research Center, Nisshin Pharma Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hongru Su
- Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Norio Ohashi
- Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Japan
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Iwai K, Yoshikawa Y, Miyoshi N, Fukutomi R, Asada K, Ohashi N. Effects of Short-Term Intake of Wheat Bran with Different Particle Sizes on the Murine Intestinal Environment. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.23.733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katsuki Iwai
- Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Yuko Yoshikawa
- Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Noriyuki Miyoshi
- Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | | | | | - Norio Ohashi
- Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka
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Sericin consumption suppresses development and progression of colon tumorigenesis in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-treated rats. Biologia (Bratisl) 2012. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-012-0093-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Field R, Verghese M, T. Walker L, Panala V, Shackelfo L, Boateng J. Feeding Wheat Germ Meal and Wheat Germ Oil Reduced Azoxymethane-Induced Aberrant Crypt Foci in Fisher 344 Male Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.3923/ijcr.2008.127.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Hamer HM, Jonkers D, Venema K, Vanhoutvin S, Troost FJ, Brummer RJ. Review article: the role of butyrate on colonic function. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2008; 27:104-19. [PMID: 17973645 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2007.03562.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1715] [Impact Index Per Article: 107.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Butyrate, a short-chain fatty acid, is a main end-product of intestinal microbial fermentation of mainly dietary fibre. Butyrate is an important energy source for intestinal epithelial cells and plays a role in the maintenance of colonic homeostasis. AIM To provide an overview on the present knowledge of the bioactivity of butyrate, emphasizing effects and possible mechanisms of action in relation to human colonic function. METHODS A PubMed search was performed to select relevant publications using the search terms: 'butyrate, short-chain fatty acid, fibre, colon, inflammation, carcinogenesis, barrier, oxidative stress, permeability and satiety'. RESULTS Butyrate exerts potent effects on a variety of colonic mucosal functions such as inhibition of inflammation and carcinogenesis, reinforcing various components of the colonic defence barrier and decreasing oxidative stress. In addition, butyrate may promote satiety. Two important mechanisms include the inhibition of nuclear factor kappa B activation and histone deacetylation. However, the observed effects of butyrate largely depend on concentrations and models used and human data are still limited. CONCLUSION Although most studies point towards beneficial effects of butyrate, more human in vivo studies are needed to contribute to our current understanding of butyrate-mediated effects on colonic function in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Hamer
- TI Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
Butyrate, the four-carbon fatty acid, is formed in the human colon by bacterial fermentation of carbohydrates (including dietary fiber), and putatively suppresses colorectal cancer (CRC). Butyrate has diverse and apparently paradoxical effects on cellular proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation that may be either pro-neoplastic or anti-neoplastic, depending upon factors such as the level of exposure, availability of other metabolic substrate and the intracellular milieu. In humans, the relationship between luminal butyrate exposure and CRC has been examined only indirectly in case-control studies, by measuring fecal butyrate concentrations, although this may not accurately reflect effective butyrate exposure during carcinogenesis. Perhaps not surprisingly, results of these investigations have been mutually contradictory. The direct effect of butyrate on tumorigenesis has been assessed in a number of in vivo animal models, which have also yielded conflicting results. In part, this may be explained by methodological differences in the amount and route of butyrate administration, which are likely to significantly influence delivery of butyrate to the distal colon. Nonetheless, there appears to be some evidence that delivery of an adequate amount of butyrate to the appropriate site protects against early tumorigenic events. Future study of the relationship between butyrate and CRC in humans needs to focus on risk stratification and the development of feasible strategies for butyrate delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shomik Sengupta
- Monash University Department of Medicine and Department of Gastroenterology, Box Hill Hospital, Box Hill, Victoria, Australia
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Corpet DE, Pierre F. How good are rodent models of carcinogenesis in predicting efficacy in humans? A systematic review and meta-analysis of colon chemoprevention in rats, mice and men. Eur J Cancer 2005; 41:1911-22. [PMID: 16084718 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2005.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2005] [Revised: 06/13/2005] [Accepted: 06/15/2005] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tumours in rodent and human colon share many histological and genetic features. To know if rodent models of colon carcinogenesis are good predictors of chemopreventive efficacy in humans, we conducted a meta-analysis of aspirin, beta-carotene, calcium, and wheat bran studies. Controlled intervention studies of adenoma recurrence in human volunteers were compared with chemoprevention studies of carcinogen-induced tumours in rats, and of polyps in Min (Apc(+/-)) mice: 6714 volunteers, 3911 rats and 458 mice were included in the meta-analyses. Difference between models was small since most global relative risks were between 0.76 and 1.00. A closer look showed that carcinogen-induced rat studies matched human trials for aspirin, calcium, carotene, and were compatible for wheat bran. Min mice results were compatible with human results for aspirin, but discordant for calcium and wheat bran (no carotene study). These few results suggest that rodent models roughly predict effect in humans, but the prediction is not accurate for all agents. Based on three cases only, the carcinogen-induced rat model seems better than the Min mouse model. However, rodent studies are useful to screen potential chemopreventive agents, and to study mechanisms of carcinogenesis and chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis E Corpet
- UMR Xenobiotiques, Institut National Recherche Agronomique, Ecole Nationale Veterinaire Toulouse, BP-87614, 23 Capelles, 31076 Toulouse, France.
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Corpet DE, Taché S. Most effective colon cancer chemopreventive agents in rats: a systematic review of aberrant crypt foci and tumor data, ranked by potency. Nutr Cancer 2002; 43:1-21. [PMID: 12467130 PMCID: PMC2536533 DOI: 10.1207/s15327914nc431_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Potential chemopreventive agents for colorectal cancer are assessed in rodents. We speculated that the magnitude of the effect is meaningful and ranked all published agents according to their potency. Data were gathered systematically from 137 articles with the aberrant crypt foci (ACF) end point and from 146 articles with the tumor end point. The potency of each agent to reduce the number of ACF is listed in one table and the potency of each agent to reduce the tumor incidence in another table. Both tables are shown in this review and on a website with sorting abilities (http://www.inra.fr/reseau-nacre/sci-memb/corpet/indexan.html). Potency was estimated as the ratio of the value in control rats to the value in treated rats. From each article, only the most potent agent was kept, except in articles reporting the effect of more than seven agents. Among the 186 agents in the ACF table, the median agent reduced the number of ACF by one-half. The most potent agents to reduce azoxymethane-induced ACF were Pluronic, polyethylene glycol, perilla oil with beta-carotene, and sulindac sulfide. Among the 160 agents in the tumor table, the median agent reduced the tumor incidence in rats by one-half. The most potent agents to reduce the incidence of azoxymethane-induced tumors were celecoxib, a protease inhibitor from soy, difluoromethylornithine with piroxicam, polyethylene glycol, and a thiosulfonate. For the 57 agents present in both tables, a significant correlation (r) was found between the potencies against ACF and tumors (r = 0.45, P < 0.001); without celecoxib, a major outlying point in the correlation, r = 0.68 (P < 0.001, n = 56). In conclusion, this review gathers most known chemopreventive agents, ranks the most promising agents against colon carcinogenesis in rats or mice, and further supports the use of ACF as a surrogate end point for tumors in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis E Corpet
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, 31076 Toulouse, France.
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Yin L, Laevsky G, Giardina C. Butyrate suppression of colonocyte NF-kappa B activation and cellular proteasome activity. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:44641-6. [PMID: 11572859 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m105170200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Butyrate is derived from the microbial metabolism of dietary fiber in the colon where it plays an important role in linking colonocyte turnover and differentiation to luminal content. In addition, butyrate appears to have both anti-inflammatory and cancer chemopreventive activities. Using confocal microscopy and cell fractionation studies, butyrate pretreatment of a human colon cell line (HT-29 cells) inhibited the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-induced nuclear translocation of the proinflammatory transcription factor NF-kappaB. Butyrate inhibited NF-kappaB DNA binding within 30 min of TNF-alpha stimulation, consistent with an inhibition of nuclear translocation. IkappaB.NF-kappaB complexes extracted from butyrate-treated cells were relatively resistant to in vitro dissociation by deoxycholate, suggesting a change in cellular IkappaB composition. Butyrate treatment increased p100 expression, an IkappaB that was not degraded upon TNF-alpha treatment. Butyrate also reduced the extent of TNF-alpha-induced IkappaB-alpha degradation and enhanced the presence of ubiquitin-conjugated IkappaB-alpha. The suppression of IkappaB-alpha degradation corresponded with a reduction in cellular proteasome activity as determined by in vitro proteasome assays and the increased presence of ubiquitin-conjugated proteins. The butyrate suppression of IkappaB-alpha degradation and proteasome activity may derive from its ability to inhibit histone deacetylases since the specific deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A had similar effects. These results suggest a potential mechanism for the anti-inflammatory activity of butyrate and demonstrate the interplay between short chain fatty acids and cellular proteasome activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Yin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE Dietary fiber has been implicated in colorectal neoplasia, despite conflicting evidence. This is a review of the currently available data on the role of dietary fiber in colorectal carcinogenesis. METHODS A literature search was conducted using the MEDLINE database. All case-control, longitudinal, and randomized, controlled studies published in English between 1988 and 2000 were identified, as were animal model studies in the period 1986 to 2000. Data from the various studies were tabulated and systematically analyzed, with particular emphasis on the effect of dietary fiber on tumor incidence and luminal parameters such as short chain fatty acids. RESULTS Epidemiologic correlation studies show a high intake of dietary fiber to be associated with a lower risk of colorectal neoplasia. Thirteen of the 24 case-control studies reviewed demonstrated a protective effect of dietary fiber against colorectal neoplasia, and 16 showed a protective effect of vegetables or vegetable fiber. On the other hand, of 13 longitudinal studies in various cohorts, only 3 demonstrated a protective effect of fiber and 4 a protective effect of vegetables or vegetable fiber. The five published randomized, controlled trials all investigated the effect of increased fiber intake on short-term adenoma recurrence; however, none showed any significant protective effect. Among 19 experimental studies in animal models, 15 showed a protective effect of fiber against tumor induction compared with controls. Animal studies also showed that poorly fermentable fibers (e.g., wheat bran and cellulose) were more protective than soluble fibers (e.g., guar gum and oat bran), which sometimes enhanced carcinogenesis. No clear correlation was found between luminal pH or short chain fatty acids and tumor induction. CONCLUSIONS On the basis of current data, there is little evidence to support the use of dietary fiber supplements to reduce the risk of colorectal neoplasia. Lifelong and early exposure may be important but are difficult to study. Other risk factors interact with the effects of dietary fiber.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sengupta
- Department of Surgery, Colorectal Unit, Royal Melbourne Hospital and the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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