1
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Leppiniemi J, Mutahir Z, Dulebo A, Mikkonen P, Nuopponen M, Turkki P, Hytönen VP. Avidin-Conjugated Nanofibrillar Cellulose Hydrogel Functionalized with Biotinylated Fibronectin and Vitronectin Promotes 3D Culture of Fibroblasts. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:4122-4137. [PMID: 34542997 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The future success of physiologically relevant three-dimensional (3D) cell/tissue models is dependent on the development of functional biomaterials, which can provide a well-defined 3D environment instructing cellular behavior. To establish a platform to produce tailored hydrogels, we conjugated avidin (Avd) to anionic nanofibrillar cellulose (aNFC) and demonstrated the use of the resulting Avd-NFC hydrogel for 3D cell culture, where Avd-NFC allows easy functionalization via biotinylated molecules. Avidin was successfully conjugated to nanocellulose and remained functional, as demonstrated by electrophoresis and titration with fluorescent biotin. Rheological analysis indicated that Avd-NFC retained shear-thinning and gel-forming properties. Topological characterization using AFM revealed the preserved fiber structure and confirmed the binding of biotinylated vitronectin (B-VN) on the fiber surface. The 3D cell culture experiments with mouse embryonic fibroblasts demonstrated the performance of Avd-NFC hydrogels functionalized with biotinylated fibronectin (B-FN) and B-VN. Cells cultured in Avd-NFC hydrogels functionalized with B-FN or B-VN formed matured integrin-mediated adhesions, indicated by phosphorylated focal adhesion kinase. We observed significantly higher cell proliferation rates when biotinylated proteins were bound to the Avd-NFC hydrogel compared to cells cultured in Avd-NFC alone, indicating the importance of the presence of adhesive sites for fibroblasts. The versatile Avd-NFC allows the easy functionalization of hydrogels with virtually any biotinylated molecule and may become widely utilized in 3D cell/tissue culture applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenni Leppiniemi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology and BioMediTech, Tampere University, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Zeeshan Mutahir
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology and BioMediTech, Tampere University, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland.,School of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of the Punjab, 54590 Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Alexander Dulebo
- JPK BioAFM Business, Bruker Nano GmbH, Am Studio 2D, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Piia Mikkonen
- UPM-Kymmene Corporation, Alvar Aallon Katu 1, 00101 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markus Nuopponen
- UPM-Kymmene Corporation, Alvar Aallon Katu 1, 00101 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paula Turkki
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology and BioMediTech, Tampere University, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Laboratories, Biokatu 4, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Vesa P Hytönen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology and BioMediTech, Tampere University, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Laboratories, Biokatu 4, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
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2
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Xu D, Wegner SV. Multifunctional streptavidin–biotin conjugates with precise stoichiometries. Chem Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0sc01589j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Multifunctional streptavidin-biotin conjugates with defined stoichiometry and number of open binding pockets provide molecularly precise alternatives to the statistical mixture of products that typically forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Xu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Seraphine V. Wegner
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
- University of Münster
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry
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3
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Magnetic nanospheres for convenient and efficient capture and release of hepatitis B virus DNA. Talanta 2019; 197:605-611. [PMID: 30771983 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.01.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nucleic acid isolation and purification are essential steps in molecular biology. Currently-used isolation methods focus on the extraction of all the nucleic acids from crude samples, yet ignore the specific nucleic acids of interest, which may induce the loss of the specific nucleic acids and hinder their analyses. Herein, a magnetic nanospheres (MNs)-based strategy for efficient capture and release of specific nucleic acids is developed. The DNA sequence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is taken as a model to validate this method. The MNs are modified with the complementary strand of HBV DNA for specific capture based on hybridization reaction. Then, by melting at high temperature, the captured DNAs are detached from the MNs to achieve release. The capture and release process are performed conveniently with magnetic separation. High capture efficiency (over 80%) and nearly 100% release efficiency for HBV DNA are achieved respectively via 40 min and 5 min interaction. While non-target DNAs are hardly captured, indicative of good selectivity. Moreover, after releasing DNAs, the MNs are directly regenerated and can be reused without degrading performance, which greatly reduces the operation costs. Finally, this method is applied to serum samples without any pretreatment, which exhibits similar capture and release capacity with those in the ideal samples, indicating its great application potential in practice.
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4
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Kojima S, Nagata F, Inagaki M, Kugimiya S, Kato K. Avidin-adsorbed peptide–calcium phosphate composites exhibiting high biotin-binding activity. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj05024d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesized peptide–HAp exhibits a high adsorption capacity for avidin and a good binding ability for biotin molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzuka Kojima
- Materials Chemistry Course
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Aichi Institute of Technology
- Toyota
- Japan
| | - Fukue Nagata
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
- Nagoya
- Japan
| | - Masahiko Inagaki
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
- Nagoya
- Japan
| | - Shinichi Kugimiya
- Materials Chemistry Course
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Aichi Institute of Technology
- Toyota
- Japan
| | - Katsuya Kato
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
- Nagoya
- Japan
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5
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Shi D, Sheng F, Zhang X, Wang G. Gold nanoparticle aggregation: Colorimetric detection of the interactions between avidin and biotin. Talanta 2018; 185:106-112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.02.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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6
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van der Meer SB, Knuschke T, Frede A, Schulze N, Westendorf AM, Epple M. Avidin-conjugated calcium phosphate nanoparticles as a modular targeting system for the attachment of biotinylated molecules in vitro and in vivo. Acta Biomater 2017; 57:414-425. [PMID: 28552820 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Avidin was covalently conjugated to the surface of calcium phosphate nanoparticles, coated with a thin silica shell and terminated by sulfhydryl groups (diameter of the solid core about 50nm), with a bifunctional crosslinker connecting the amino groups of avidin to the sulfhydryl group on the nanoparticle surface. This led to a versatile nanoparticle system where all kinds of biotinylated (bio-)molecules can be easily attached to the surface by the non-covalent avidin-biotin-complex formation. It also permits the attachment of different biomolecules on the same nanoparticle (heteroavidity), creating a modular system for specific applications in medicine and biology. The variability of the binding to the nanoparticle surface of the was demonstrated with various biotinylated molecules, i.e. fluorescent dyes and antibodies. The accessibility of the conjugated avidin was demonstrated by a fluorescence-quenching assay. About 2.6 binding sites for biotin were accessible on each avidin tetramer. Together with a number of about 240 avidin tetramer units per nanoparticle, this offers about 600 binding sites for biotin on each nanoparticle. The uptake of fluorescently labelled avidin-conjugated calcium phosphate nanoparticles by HeLa cells showed the co-localization of fluorescent avidin and fluorescent biotin, indicating the stability of the complex under cell culture conditions. CD11c-antibody functionalized nanoparticles specifically targeted antigen-presenting immune cells (dendritic cells; DCs) in vitro and in vivo (mice) with high efficiency. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Calcium phosphate nanoparticles have turned out to be very useful transporters for biomolecules into cells, both in vitro and in vivo. However, their covalent surface functionalization with antibodies, fluorescent dyes, or proteins requires a separate chemical synthesis for each kind of surface molecule. We have therefore developed avidin-terminated calcium phosphate nanoparticles to which all kinds of biotinylated molecules can be easily attached, also as a mixture of two or more molecules. This non-covalent bond is stable both in cell culture and after injection into mice in vivo. Thus, we have created a highly versatile system for many applications, from the delivery of biomolecules over the targeting of cells and tissue to in vivo imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selina Beatrice van der Meer
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Torben Knuschke
- Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Annika Frede
- Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Nina Schulze
- Imaging Centre Campus Essen (ICCE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstr. 5-7, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Astrid M Westendorf
- Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Matthias Epple
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45117 Essen, Germany.
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7
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Lundgren A, Agnarsson B, Zirbs R, Zhdanov VP, Reimhult E, Höök F. Nonspecific Colloidal-Type Interaction Explains Size-Dependent Specific Binding of Membrane-Targeted Nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2016; 10:9974-9982. [PMID: 27783496 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b04160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Emerging biomedical applications such as molecular imaging and drug delivery often require directed binding of nanoparticles to cell-membrane receptors. The specific apparent affinity of such ligand-functionalized particles is size-dependent, an observation so far solely attributed to multivalent receptor-ligand interaction. We question the universality of this explanation by demonstrating that the binding kinetics also depends on weak, attractive colloidal-type interaction between nanoparticles and a lipid membrane. Applying label-free single-particle imaging, we correlate binding of nanoparticles targeted to a cell-mimetic lipid membrane with the distribution of nontargeted particles freely diffusing close to the membrane interface. This analysis shows that already a weak, kBT-scale attraction present between 50 nm gold nanoparticles and the membrane renders these particles an order of magnitude higher avidity compared to 20 nm particles. A stronger emphasis on nonspecific particle-membrane interaction might thus be required to accurately predict nanoparticle targeting and other similar processes such as cellular uptake of exosomes and viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Lundgren
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , Gothenburg 412 96, Sweden
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences , Vienna 1190, Austria
| | - Björn Agnarsson
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , Gothenburg 412 96, Sweden
| | - Ronald Zirbs
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences , Vienna 1190, Austria
| | - Vladimir P Zhdanov
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , Gothenburg 412 96, Sweden
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Russian Academy of Sciences , Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Erik Reimhult
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences , Vienna 1190, Austria
| | - Fredrik Höök
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology , Gothenburg 412 96, Sweden
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8
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Wen CY, Tang M, Hu J, Wu LL, Pang DW, Zeng JB, Li XY. Determination of the Absolute Number Concentration of Nanoparticles and the Active Affinity Sites on Their Surfaces. Anal Chem 2016; 88:10134-10142. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b02613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cong-Ying Wen
- College
of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, P. R. China
- Key
Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry
of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, P. R. China
| | - Man Tang
- Key
Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry
of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, P. R. China
| | - Jiao Hu
- Key
Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry
of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, P. R. China
| | - Ling-Ling Wu
- Key
Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry
of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, P. R. China
| | - Dai-Wen Pang
- Key
Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry
of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Bin Zeng
- College
of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, P. R. China
| | - Xi-You Li
- College
of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, P. R. China
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9
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Wang Q, Huang X, Fu X, Deng H, Ma M, Cai Z. A sensitive and selective resonance Rayleigh scattering method for quick detection of avidin using affinity labeling Au nanoparticles. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2016; 162:75-80. [PMID: 26978788 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2016.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Avidin is a glycoprotein with antinutritional property, which should be limited in daily food. We developed an affinity biosensor system based on resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS) and using affinity biotin labeling Au nanoparticles (AuNPs). This method was selective and sensitive for quick avidin detection due to the avidin-biotin affinitive interaction. Under optimal conditions, RRS intensity of biotin-AuNPs increase linearly with an increasing concentration of avidin from 5 to 160 ng/mL. The lower limit of detection was 0.59 ng/mL. This rapid and selective avidin detection method was used in synthetic samples and egg products with recoveries of between 102.97 and 107.92%, thereby demonstrating the feasible and practical application of this assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- National Research and Development Center for Egg Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Xi Huang
- National Research and Development Center for Egg Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Xuan Fu
- National Research and Development Center for Egg Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Huan Deng
- National Research and Development Center for Egg Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Meihu Ma
- National Research and Development Center for Egg Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Zhaoxia Cai
- National Research and Development Center for Egg Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China.
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10
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Quevedo PD, Behnke T, Resch-Genger U. Streptavidin conjugation and quantification-a method evaluation for nanoparticles. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:4133-49. [PMID: 27038055 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9510-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Aiming at the development of validated protocols for protein conjugation of nanomaterials and the determination of protein labeling densities, we systematically assessed the conjugation of the model protein streptavidin (SAv) to 100-, 500-, and 1000-nm-sized polystyrene and silica nanoparticles and dye-encoded polymer particles with two established conjugation chemistries, based upon achievable coupling efficiencies and labeling densities. Bioconjugation reactions compared included EDC/sulfo NHS ester chemistry for direct binding of the SAv to carboxyl groups at the particle surface and maleimide-thiol chemistry in conjunction with heterobifunctional PEG linkers and aminated nanoparticles (NPs). Quantification of the total and functional amounts of SAv on these nanomaterials and unreacted SAv in solution was performed with the BCA assay and the biotin-FITC (BF) titration, relying on different signal generation principles, which are thus prone to different interferences. Our results revealed a clear influence of the conjugation chemistry on the amount of NP crosslinking, yet under optimized reaction conditions, EDC/sulfo NHS ester chemistry and the attachment via heterobifunctional PEG linkers led to comparably efficient SAv coupling and good labeling densities. Particle size can obviously affect protein labeling densities and particularly protein functionality, especially for larger particles. For unstained nanoparticles, direct bioconjugation seems to be the most efficient strategy, whereas for dye-encoded nanoparticles, PEG linkers are to be favored for the prevention of dye-protein interactions which can affect protein functionality specifically in the case of direct SAv binding. Moreover, an influence of particle size on achievable protein labeling densities and protein functionality could be demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Darío Quevedo
- Department 1, Division Biophotonics, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard Willstaetter Strasse 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Behnke
- Department 1, Division Biophotonics, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard Willstaetter Strasse 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ute Resch-Genger
- Department 1, Division Biophotonics, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard Willstaetter Strasse 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany.
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11
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Lippert LG, Hallock JT, Dadosh T, Diroll BT, Murray CB, Goldman YE. NeutrAvidin Functionalization of CdSe/CdS Quantum Nanorods and Quantification of Biotin Binding Sites using Biotin-4-Fluorescein Fluorescence Quenching. Bioconjug Chem 2016; 27:562-8. [PMID: 26722835 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We developed methods to solubilize, coat, and functionalize with NeutrAvidin elongated semiconductor nanocrystals (quantum nanorods, QRs) for use in single molecule polarized fluorescence microscopy. Three different ligands were compared with regard to efficacy for attaching NeutrAvidin using the "zero-length cross-linker" 1-ethyl-3-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]carbodiimide (EDC). Biotin-4-fluorescene (B4F), a fluorophore that is quenched when bound to avidin proteins, was used to quantify biotin binding activity of the NeutrAvidin coated QRs and biotin binding activity of commercially available streptavidin coated quantum dots (QDs). All three coating methods produced QRs with NeutrAvidin coating density comparable to the streptavidin coating density of the commercially available quantum dots (QDs) in the B4F assay. One type of QD available from the supplier (ITK QDs) exhibited ∼5-fold higher streptavidin surface density compared to our QRs, whereas the other type of QD (PEG QDs) had 5-fold lower density. The number of streptavidins per QD increased from ∼7 streptavidin tetramers for the smallest QDs emitting fluorescence at 525 nm (QD525) to ∼20 tetramers for larger, longer wavelength QDs (QD655, QD705, and QD800). QRs coated with NeutrAvidin using mercaptoundecanoicacid (MUA) and QDs coated with streptavidin bound to biotinylated cytoplasmic dynein in single molecule TIRF microscopy assays, whereas Poly(maleic anhydride-alt-1-ocatdecene) (PMAOD) or glutathione (GSH) QRs did not bind cytoplasmic dynein. The coating methods require optimization of conditions and concentrations to balance between substantial NeutrAvidin binding vs tendency of QRs to aggregate and degrade over time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tali Dadosh
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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12
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Optimizing immobilization of avidin on surface-modified magnetic nanoparticles: characterization and application of protein-immobilized nanoparticles. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-015-1443-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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13
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Wang W, Pang DW, Tang HW. Sensitive multiplexed DNA detection using silica nanoparticles as the target capturing platform. Talanta 2014; 128:263-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 04/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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14
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Nogueira ES, Schleier T, Dürrenberger M, Ballmer-Hofer K, Ward TR, Jaussi R. High-level secretion of recombinant full-length streptavidin in Pichia pastoris and its application to enantioselective catalysis. Protein Expr Purif 2013; 93:54-62. [PMID: 24184946 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2013.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Revised: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Artificial metalloenzymes result from the incorporation of a catalytically competent biotinylated organometallic moiety into full-length (i.e. mature) streptavidin. With large-scale industrial biotechnology applications in mind, large quantities of recombinant streptavidin are required. Herein we report our efforts to produce wild-type mature and biotin-free streptavidin using the yeast Pichia pastoris expression system. The streptavidin gene was inserted into the expression vector pPICZαA in frame with the Saccharomyces cerevisiae α-mating factor secretion signal. In a fed-batch fermentation using a minimal medium supplemented with trace amounts of biotin, functional streptavidin was secreted at approximately 650mg/L of culture supernatant. This yield is approximately threefold higher than that from Escherichia coli, and although the overall expression process takes longer (ten days vs. two days), the downstream processing is simplified by eliminating denaturing/refolding steps. The purified streptavidin bound ∼3.2molecules of biotin per tetramer. Upon incorporation of a biotinylated piano-stool catalyst, the secreted streptavidin displayed identical properties to streptavidin produced in E. coli by showing activity as artificial imine reductase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa S Nogueira
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 51, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
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15
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Magliulo M, Mallardi A, Gristina R, Ridi F, Sabbatini L, Cioffi N, Palazzo G, Torsi L. Part per Trillion Label-Free Electronic Bioanalytical Detection. Anal Chem 2013; 85:3849-57. [DOI: 10.1021/ac302702n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Magliulo
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari “A. Moro” - Via Orabona, 4 70126
Bari, Italy
| | - Antonia Mallardi
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici - Via Orabona, 4 70126
Bari, Italy
| | - Roberto Gristina
- CNR-IMIP, Istituto di Metodologie Inorganiche e dei Plasmi - Via Orabona,
4 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Francesca Ridi
- Dipartimento
di Chimica − Università degli Studi di Firenze − via della Lastruccia, 3 50019
Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- CSGI − Università degli Studi di Firenze − via della Lastruccia,
3 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Luigia Sabbatini
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari “A. Moro” - Via Orabona, 4 70126
Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Cioffi
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari “A. Moro” - Via Orabona, 4 70126
Bari, Italy
| | - Gerardo Palazzo
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari “A. Moro” - Via Orabona, 4 70126
Bari, Italy
- CSGI − Università degli Studi di Firenze − via della Lastruccia,
3 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Luisa Torsi
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari “A. Moro” - Via Orabona, 4 70126
Bari, Italy
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16
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STEITZ BENEDIKT, HOFMANN HEINRICH, PETRI-FINK ALKE. PRODUCTION AND BIOFUNCTIONALIZATION OF MAGNETIC NANOBEADS FOR MAGNETIC SEPARATION OF MESSENGER RNA. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1142/s1793048007000465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of nanosized beads of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles coated with 3-(aminopropyl)triethoxysilane is reported in this paper. The resulting beads are agglomerates of SPIONs with an open fractal like structure. These beads have been examined by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM), photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS), and attenuated total reflection Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). The resulting beads with a size of 88 nm have been further biofunctionalized with avidin and biotinylated oligo(dT).
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Affiliation(s)
- BENEDIKT STEITZ
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL, Institute of Materials, Laboratory of Powder Technology, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - HEINRICH HOFMANN
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL, Institute of Materials, Laboratory of Powder Technology, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - ALKE PETRI-FINK
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL, Institute of Materials, Laboratory of Powder Technology, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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17
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Sun S, Ma M, Qiu N, Huang X, Cai Z, Huang Q, Hu X. Affinity adsorption and separation behaviors of avidin on biofunctional magnetic nanoparticles binding to iminobiotin. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2011; 88:246-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2011.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Revised: 06/26/2011] [Accepted: 06/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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18
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Mittal R, Bruchez MP. Biotin-4-fluorescein based fluorescence quenching assay for determination of biotin binding capacity of streptavidin conjugated quantum dots. Bioconjug Chem 2011; 22:362-8. [PMID: 21314110 PMCID: PMC3059817 DOI: 10.1021/bc100321c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The valency of quantum dot nanoparticles conjugated with biomolecules is closely related to their performance in cell tagging, tracking, and imaging experiments. Commercially available streptavidin conjugates (SAv QDs) are the most commonly used tool for preparing QD−biomolecule conjugates. The fluorescence quenching of biotin-4-fluorscein (B4F) provides a straightforward assay to quantify the number of biotin binding sites per SAv QD. The utility of this method was demonstrated by quantitatively characterizing the biotin binding capacity of commercially available amphiphilic poly(acrylic acid) Qdot ITK SAv conjugates and poly(ethylene glycol) modified Qdot PEG SAv conjugates with emission wavelengths of 525, 545, 565, 585, 605, 625, 655, 705, and 800 nm. Results showed that 5- to 30-fold more biotin binding sites are available on ITK SAv QDs compared to PEG SAv QDs of the same color with no systematic variation of biotin binding capacity with size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowena Mittal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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19
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Leppiniemi J, Määttä JAE, Hammaren H, Soikkeli M, Laitaoja M, Jänis J, Kulomaa MS, Hytönen VP. Bifunctional avidin with covalently modifiable ligand binding site. PLoS One 2011; 6:e16576. [PMID: 21305032 PMCID: PMC3029397 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Accepted: 12/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The extensive use of avidin and streptavidin in life sciences originates from the extraordinary tight biotin-binding affinity of these tetrameric proteins. Numerous studies have been performed to modify the biotin-binding affinity of (strept)avidin to improve the existing applications. Even so, (strept)avidin greatly favours its natural ligand, biotin. Here we engineered the biotin-binding pocket of avidin with a single point mutation S16C and thus introduced a chemically active thiol group, which could be covalently coupled with thiol-reactive molecules. This approach was applied to the previously reported bivalent dual chain avidin by modifying one binding site while preserving the other one intact. Maleimide was then coupled to the modified binding site resulting in a decrease in biotin affinity. Furthermore, we showed that this thiol could be covalently coupled to other maleimide derivatives, for instance fluorescent labels, allowing intratetrameric FRET. The bifunctional avidins described here provide improved and novel tools for applications such as the biofunctionalization of surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenni Leppiniemi
- Institute of Medical Technology, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Juha A. E. Määttä
- Institute of Medical Technology, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Henrik Hammaren
- Institute of Medical Technology, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mikko Soikkeli
- Institute of Medical Technology, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mikko Laitaoja
- Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Janne Jänis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Markku S. Kulomaa
- Institute of Medical Technology, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Vesa P. Hytönen
- Institute of Medical Technology, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- * E-mail:
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20
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Plażuk D, Zakrzewski J, Salmain M. Biotin as acylating agent in the Friedel-Crafts reaction. Avidin affinity of biotinyl derivatives of ferrocene, ruthenocene and pyrene and fluorescence properties of 1-biotinylpyrene. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 9:408-17. [PMID: 20967359 DOI: 10.1039/c0ob00319k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
(D)-Biotin was used for Friedel-Crafts acylation of electron-rich aromatic molecules--ferrocene, ruthenocene and pyrene. The reaction carried out in the presence of trifluoroacetic anhydride and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid afforded the corresponding biotinylarenes in moderate yields. These compounds, although lacking an amide bond, exhibited high affinity for avidin, with the ability to displace 2-(4'-hydroxyphenylazo)-benzoic acid (HABA) in its complex with avidin. Their affinity for avidin was determined by a solid-phase competitive enzymatic assay, which gave IC(50) values in the range of 33-58 nM (under the same conditions biotin showed IC(50) = 24 ± 7 nM). 1-Biotinylpyrene (1c) excited at 355 nm displayed fluorescence emission in aqueous solutions with λ(max) = 461 nm. The fluorescence maximum was shifted to 425 nm upon binding of 1c to avidin. Formation of the avidin-1c complex was also evidenced by quenching of the fluorescence from the protein tryptophan residues (342 nm) and appearance of the emission band of the avidin-bound 1c at 430 nm as a result of a Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Plażuk
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Łódź, 91-403 Łódź, Tamka 12, Poland
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21
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Liem KP, Noble GT, Flitsch SL, Webb SJ. The effect of multivalent binding on the lateral phase separation of adhesive lipids. Faraday Discuss 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/b907114h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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22
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Burrows SM, Pappas D. Comparison of methods to classify and quantify free and bound states of complexes using single molecule fluorescence anisotropy. Analyst 2009; 134:1911-21. [DOI: 10.1039/b905847h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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23
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Waner MJ, Mascotti DP. A simple spectrophotometric streptavidin–biotin binding assay utilizing biotin-4-fluorescein. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 70:873-7. [PMID: 17669504 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbbm.2007.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2007] [Revised: 05/24/2007] [Accepted: 06/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A new assay for biotin binding capacity of Streptavidin (SA) is presented in this work. The assay is based on the large decrease in the extinction coefficient at 493 nm that accompanies binding of biotin-4-fluorescein (B4F) to SA. This decrease is attributed to formation of a charge transfer complex between the B4F-donor and one or more SA residues. We show that one may observe the stoichiometric binding via monitoring the absorbance at 493 nm using either SA or B4F as the titrant. The sensitivity of the assay is at the lower end of similar fluorimetric and photometric assays. Though the sensitivity is not substantially lower than other comparable techniques, this assay allows one added flexibility in working range and instrumentation, since the same stock solutions may be used for this new photometric assay or the fluorescence assay for which this ligand was first developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Waner
- Department of Chemistry, John Carroll University, 20700 North Park Blvd., University Heights, OH 44118 USA.
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24
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Application of biotin-4-fluorescein in homogeneous fluorescence assays for avidin, streptavidin, and biotin or biotin derivatives. Methods Mol Biol 2008; 418:73-88. [PMID: 18287651 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-59745-579-4_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Biotin-4-fluorescein (B4F) is a convenient molecular probe for (strept)avidin and for unlabeled biotin in homogeneous fluorescence assays. The primary standard is a 16 microM working solution of d-biotin which is used to titrate an aliquot of a (strept)avidin stock solution while monitoring the tryptophane fluorescence of (strept)avidin. This serves to standardize the (strept)avidin stock solution, an aliquot of which is then titrated with a roughly 16 microM working solution of B4F while monitoring the fluorescence of B4F. Specific binding is accompanied by quenching, but after saturation of all binding sites, the appearance of free ligand causes a sharp rise of intense fluorescence, the beginning of which allows to calculate the effective concentration of B4F in the working solution. Measurement of avidin in a crude sample is exemplified by mixing 8 pmol of B4F with various amounts of diluted egg white in a volume of 1 mL. Hereby, the extent of fluorescence quenching linearly correlates with the concentration of functional avidin. Moreover, a sharp minimum of fluorescence is observed when exactly 2 pmol of avidin is present in the sample. The latter assay has been adapted to measure between 0.5 and 5 pmol of d-biotin in 1 mL of sample by adding 1.9 pmol of avidin and 8 pmol of B4F. This competitive assay correctly measures the small dose of d-biotin in multivitamin tablets (e.g., 150 microg in 5 g of solid) after subtracting the background fluorescence of the colored aqueous solution.
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25
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Atanasijevic T, Jasanoff A. Preparation of iron oxide-based calcium sensors for MRI. Nat Protoc 2007; 2:2582-9. [DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2007.377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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26
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Atanasijevic T, Shusteff M, Fam P, Jasanoff A. Calcium-sensitive MRI contrast agents based on superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles and calmodulin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:14707-12. [PMID: 17003117 PMCID: PMC1595416 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0606749103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2005] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a family of calcium indicators for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), formed by combining a powerful iron oxide nanoparticle-based contrast mechanism with the versatile calcium-sensing protein calmodulin and its targets. Calcium-dependent protein-protein interactions drive particle clustering and produce up to 5-fold changes in T2 relaxivity, an indication of the sensors' potency. A variant based on conjugates of wild-type calmodulin and the peptide M13 reports concentration changes near 1 microM Ca(2+), suitable for detection of elevated intracellular calcium levels. The midpoint and cooperativity of the response can be tuned by mutating the protein domains that actuate the sensor. Robust MRI signal changes are achieved even at nanomolar particle concentrations (<1 microM in calmodulin) that are unlikely to buffer calcium levels. When combined with technologies for cellular delivery of nanoparticulate agents, these sensors and their derivatives may be useful for functional molecular imaging of biological signaling networks in live, opaque specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Peter Fam
- Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 150 Albany Street, NW14-2213, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Alan Jasanoff
- Departments of Nuclear Science and Engineering and
- Brain and Cognitive Sciences
- Biological Engineering Division, and
- Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 150 Albany Street, NW14-2213, Cambridge, MA 02139
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27
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Bingham JP, Bian S, Tan ZY, Takacs Z, Moczydlowski E. Synthesis of a biotin derivative of iberiotoxin: binding interactions with streptavidin and the BK Ca2+-activated K+ channel expressed in a human cell line. Bioconjug Chem 2006; 17:689-99. [PMID: 16704206 PMCID: PMC2505059 DOI: 10.1021/bc060002u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Iberiotoxin (IbTx) is a scorpion venom peptide that inhibits BK Ca2+-activated K+ channels with high affinity and specificity. Automated solid-phase synthesis was used to prepare a biotin-labeled derivative (IbTx-LC-biotin) of IbTx by substitution of Asp19 of the native 37-residue peptide with N--(D-biotin-6-amidocaproate)-L-lysine. Both IbTx-LC-biotin and its complex with streptavidin (StrAv) block single BK channels from rat skeletal muscle with nanomolar affinity, indicating that the biotin-labeled residue, either alone or in complex with StrAv, does not obstruct the toxin binding interaction with the BK channel. IbTx-LC-biotin exhibits high affinity (KD = 26 nM) and a slow dissociation rate (koff = 5.4 x 10(-4) s(-1)) in a macroscopic blocking assay of whole-cell current of the cloned human BK channel. Titration of IbTx-LC-biotin with StrAv monitored by high performance size exclusion chromatography is consistent with a stoichiometry of two binding sites for IbTx-LC-biotin per StrAv tetramer, indicating that steric interference hinders simultaneous binding of two toxin molecules on each of the two biotin-binding faces of StrAv. In combination with fluorescent conjugates of StrAv or anti-biotin antibody, IbTx-LC-biotin was used to image the surface distribution of BK channels on a transfected cell line. Fluorescence microscopy revealed a patch-like surface distribution of BK channel protein. The results support the feasibility of using IbTx-LC-biotin and similar biotin-tagged K+ channel toxins for diverse applications in cellular neurobiology. .
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shumin Bian
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT 06520
| | - Zhi-Yong Tan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City IA 52242
| | - Zoltan Takacs
- The Department of Pediatrics; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Edward Moczydlowski
- Department of Biology, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699
- Corresponding Author: Edward Moczydlowski, Department of Biology, Box 5805, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699-5805; Tel.: 315-268-6641; Fax: 315-268-7118; e-mail:
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28
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Hwang LC, Gösch M, Lasser T, Wohland T. Simultaneous multicolor fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy to detect higher order molecular interactions using single wavelength laser excitation. Biophys J 2006; 91:715-27. [PMID: 16632502 PMCID: PMC1483109 DOI: 10.1529/biophysj.105.074120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2005] [Accepted: 04/05/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy is a powerful method for the study of molecular interactions and dynamics in solution and even in living cells. Usually, in the optical setup, either two laser beams have to be superimposed in their respective confocal volumes or two-photon excitation is used for a dual-color detection system. It has been shown recently that fluorescence cross correlation can be achieved with spectrally similar fluorophores using single wavelength excitation fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy (SW-FCCS). In this study, we show that SW-FCCS allows the simultaneous excitation of up to three fluorophores in which the cross correlation of their fluctuation signals is detected separately in three detection channels. The experimental and theoretical model to describe triple pairwise cross correlations incorporating cross talk and possible changes in emission characteristics such as quenching upon binding are outlined. The effectiveness of SW-FCCS to detect binding of three interacting partners is experimentally verified with a standard ligand-receptor model, biotin-streptavidin, where differently labeled biotin ligands and their binding to a third-color labeled streptavidin are studied. The cross-correlation amplitudes and their changes with stoichiometric binding are analyzed and the upper limits of dissociation constants are determined. Performed with appropriate negative controls, SW-FCCS can determine interaction patterns between ligands and receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Chin Hwang
- National University of Singapore, Department of Chemistry, Singapore 117543, Singapore
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29
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Hwang LC, Wohland T. Single wavelength excitation fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy with spectrally similar fluorophores: resolution for binding studies. J Chem Phys 2006; 122:114708. [PMID: 15836244 DOI: 10.1063/1.1862614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It was shown recently that fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy (FCCS) can be performed using a single laser wavelength for excitation (SW-FCCS) [L. C. Hwang and T. Wohland, Chem. Phys. Chem 5, 549 (2004).]. This method simplifies the FCCS setup since it does not require the simultaneous alignment of two lasers to the same focal spot. But up to now the method was shown to work only with dyes possessing large Stokes' shifts, and thus was limited to the use of quantum dots and tandem dyes. In this work we show that standard organic dyes with overlapping emission spectra, for instance fluorescein and tetramethylrhodamine, can be used as fluorescent pairs in SW-FCCS. As a biological model system for ligand-receptor interactions we studied the binding of biotin to streptavidin. To investigate the applicability of SW-FCCS for binding studies we adapt the existing FCCS theory for SW-FCCS and calculate limits for the measurement of dissociation constants in dependence on sample concentration, sample purity, and spectral cross talk between the different detection channels.
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30
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Sato K, Anzai JI. Fluorometric determination of sugars using fluorescein-labeled concanavalin A–glycogen conjugates. Anal Bioanal Chem 2006; 384:1297-301. [PMID: 16477422 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-005-0279-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2005] [Revised: 12/08/2005] [Accepted: 12/09/2005] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The fluorescence of fluoresceinisothiocyanate-labeled concanavalin A (FITC-Con A) was quenched by forming an FITC-Con A-glycogen conjugate and dequenched upon addition of sugars to the conjugate solution due to disaggregation of the conjugate. However, fluorescence quenching was barely observed upon formation of FITC-Con A-dextran conjugate. The sugar-induced fluorescence response of the FITC-Con A-glycogen conjugate depended significantly on the type of sugar: methylated alpha-D: -glucose and alpha-D: -mannose both induced high and rapid responses, while the responses to D: -mannose and D: -glucose were moderate. In contrast, no response was observed in the presence of D: -galactose due to a lack of affinity to Con A. Thus, it is apparent that D: -glucose and other sugars can be detected via the fluorescence of the FITC-Con A-glycogen conjugate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Sato
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan.
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31
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Wu Y, Simons PC, Lopez GP, Sklar LA, Buranda T. Dynamics of fluorescence dequenching of ostrich-quenched fluorescein biotin: A multifunctional quantitative assay for biotin. Anal Biochem 2005; 342:221-8. [PMID: 15913533 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2005.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2005] [Revised: 03/02/2005] [Accepted: 03/28/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We describe a simple and rapid quantitative assay for biotin and biotin conjugates. The assay is based on the kinetic analysis of the enhancement of fluorescence of streptavidin/fluorescein biotin complexes in the presence of biotin. The kinetic response of fluorescence enhancement is proportional to the concentration of biotin. Standard calibration curves based on the kinetic response are obtained and detection limits of approximately 10(-9)M are established. Because the assay is amenable for use in small volumes of 5-50 microL or bead-based assays, the detection limits can be extended to the femtomole range. Since the assay depends on kinetic analysis, routine quantitation can be achieved without reference to standard curves. The dynamic aspects allow the assay to be extended to a broader range of applications including its use as an indicator of reagent mixing in laminar-flow assays carried out in microfluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wu
- Department of Chemical and Nuclear Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
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32
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Agiamarnioti K, Triantis T, Dimotikali D, Papadopoulos K. Synthesis and fluorescent properties of novel biotinylated labels. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2004.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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33
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Balthasar S, Michaelis K, Dinauer N, von Briesen H, Kreuter J, Langer K. Preparation and characterisation of antibody modified gelatin nanoparticles as drug carrier system for uptake in lymphocytes. Biomaterials 2005; 26:2723-32. [PMID: 15585276 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2004.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2004] [Accepted: 07/25/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Established methods of protein chemistry can be used for the effective attachment of drug targeting ligands to the surface of protein-based nanoparticles. In the present work gelatin nanoparticles were used for the attachment of biotinylated anti-CD3 antibodies by avidin-biotin-complex formation. These antibody modified nanoparticles represent a promising carrier system for the specific drug targeting to T-lymphocytes. The objective of this work was the comprehensive quantification of every chemical reaction step during the preparation procedure of these cell specific nanoparticles. Gelatin nanoparticles were formed by a two-step desolvation process. After the first desolvation step the remaining sediment and the supernatant were analysed for molecular weight distribution by size exclusion chromatography (SEC). Nanoparticles then were formed using the high molecular gelatin fraction and subsequently were stabilised by glutaraldehyde crosslinking. A part of the detectable amino groups on the particle surface was reacted with 2-iminothiolane in order to introduce reactive sulfhydryl groups. The thiolated nanoparticles were coupled to NeutrAvidin (NAv) which previously was activated with the heterobifunctional crosslinker sulfo-MBS. All these reaction steps were quantified by photometry or gravimetry. The functionality of NAv after covalent conjugation was confirmed by a biotin-4-fluorescein assay. The NAv-modified nanoparticles then were used for the binding of biotinylated anti-CD3 antibodies by avidin-biotin-complex formation. A highly effective attachment of the ligand was ascertained by different, indirect methods: immunoblotting and fluorimetry. Therefore, a well-defined nanoparticle system with drug targeting ligand modification was established that holds promise for further effective preclinical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Balthasar
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Technologie, Biozentrum Niederursel, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Marie-Curie-Strasse 9, Frankfurt am Main D-60439, Germany
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34
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Martin VV, Beierlein M, Morgan JL, Rothe A, Gee KR. Novel fluo-4 analogs for fluorescent calcium measurements. Cell Calcium 2005; 36:509-14. [PMID: 15488600 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2004.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2004] [Revised: 05/04/2004] [Accepted: 05/14/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We report new fluorescent calcium indicators based on fluo-4. Attachment of a carboxamide or methylenecarboxamide moiety to the BAPTA chelator portion of fluo-4 allowed for the attachment of dextrans, protein-reactive moieties, and biotin. In particular, a high affinity fluo-4 dextran conjugate was prepared and shown to be functional in brain slices. All new probes were characterized spectroscopically and exhibited large fluorescence increases upon calcium-binding. The biotinylated version of fluo-4 formed a persistent streptavidin complex which still responded to increasing calcium concentrations with a large fluorescence increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir V Martin
- Molecular Probes Invitrogen Detection Technologies, 29851 Willow Creek Rd, Eugene, OR 97492, USA
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35
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Kim TW, Yoon HY, Park JH, Kwon OH, Jang DJ, Hong JI. Molecular Tripods Showing Fluorescence Enhancement upon Binding to Streptavidin. Org Lett 2004; 7:111-4. [PMID: 15624990 DOI: 10.1021/ol047801h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We introduce a new approach to biotin-streptavidin assays based on a molecular tripod which consists of biotin, a fluorophore, and a quencher. The interaction between streptavidin and molecular tripods perturbs the ground-state quencher-fluorophore dimeric conformation in the absence of streptavidin and diminishes the intrinsic self-quenching of a quencher-fluorophore pair. The emission intensity of the molecular tripods plus streptavidin is 3.5-5.2 times that of molecular tripods in the absence of streptavidin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Woo Kim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea
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36
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Nobs L, Buchegger F, Gurny R, Allémann E. Poly(lactic acid) nanoparticles labeled with biologically active Neutravidin™ for active targeting. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2004; 58:483-90. [PMID: 15451522 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2004.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2003] [Revised: 04/21/2004] [Accepted: 04/21/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study, NeutrAvidin was covalently bound to the surface of poly(DL-lactic acid) (PLA) nanoparticles, with the aim of attaching targeting compounds, such as proteins, to their surface. Sulfhydryl groups were first introduced on the surface of PLA nanoparticles through a carbodiimide reaction. NeutrAvidin was then bound to the thiolated nanoparticles via a bifunctional cross-linker, which offers two binding sites, one for primary amine groups and one for thiol functions. The amount of sulfhydryl groups obtained on the surface of the nanoparticles was determined. The NeutrAvidin -labeled nanoparticles were evaluated with respect to particle size, protein concentration and biotin binding capacity. The concentration of thiol functions on the surface of nanoparticles was 105 +/- 15 mmol/mol PLA. The quantification of NeutrAvidin coupled to the nanoparticles revealed that a significant amount of the protein was covalently bound to the nanoparticles. The concentration of NeutrAvidin bound to the nanoparticles could be controlled by varying the amount of protein during the coupling reaction. The maximum concentration of NeutrAvidin attached to the particles was 6 mmol per mol of PLA. The specific activity of NeutrAvidin bound to the nanoparticles was also evaluated and results revealed that the protein maintained the capacity to bind biotin. The activity of the NAR-labeled nanoparticles was lower than expected, due to the undesired aggregation of the native NeutrAvidin. Altogether, the results suggest that other proteins, such as antibodies could be coupled to the nanoparticles for active targeting. Furthermore, PLA nanoparticles bearing NeutrAvidin are interesting candidates for active targeting with biotinylated antibodies using the biotin-avidin interaction in a two step procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Nobs
- School of Pharmacy, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Zocchi A, Jobé AM, Neuhaus JM, Ward TR. Expression and purification of a recombinant avidin with a lowered isoelectric point in Pichia pastoris. Protein Expr Purif 2003; 32:167-74. [PMID: 14965761 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2003.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2003] [Revised: 09/05/2003] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A recombinant glycosylated avidin (recGAvi) with an acidic isoelectric point was expressed and secreted by the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris. The coding sequence for recGAvi was de novo synthesized based on the codon usage of P. pastoris. RecGAvi is secreted at approximately 330mg/L of culture supernatant. RecGAvi monomer displays a molecular weight of 16.5kDa, as assessed by ESI mass spectrometry. N-terminal amino acid sequencing indicates the presence of three additional amino acids (E-A-E), which contribute to further lowering the isoelectric point to 5.4. The data presented here demonstrate that the P. pastoris system is suitable for the production of recGAvi and that the recombinant avidin displays biotin-binding properties similar to those of the hen-egg white protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Zocchi
- Institut de Chimie, Université de Neuchâtel, Av. de Bellevaux 51, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
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Kim SB, Ozawa T, Umezawa Y. A screening method for estrogens using an array-type DNA glass slide. ANAL SCI 2003; 19:499-504. [PMID: 12725382 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.19.499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A new screening assay was described for the determination of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), such as synthetic estrogens, with an array-type DNA glass slide having characteristics of 1) a high sample throughput, 2) a compact size allowing a small sample volume, and 3) a sensitive determination based on the estrogen-dependent binding of the human estrogen receptor a (hERalpha) with its estrogen responsive element (ERE; Vit. A2 gene promoter). We devised a glass slide on which a thin agarose gel was mounted. Avidin was then covalently immobilized on each well of the glass slide after the gel was activated by a NaIO4 solution. Also, the biotinylated ERE as a DNA probe was immobilized on the gel layer through avidin-biotin binding. After the estrogen-dependent binding of a yellow fluorescent protein-fused hERalpha (YFP-hERalpha) to ERE on the gel layer, the fluorescence intensity of YFP-hERalpha quantitatively extracted into the gel was directly determined with a fluorescence microplate reader. Pre-incubation of YFP-hERalpha with estrogen at 37 degrees C for 30 min enhanced the estrogen-dependent hERalpha-ERE binding. The determined hormonal activities of estrogens on the interaction of YFP-hERalpha with ERE were as follows in their decreasing order: diethylstilbestrol (DES) > 17beta-estradiol (E2) <==> ethynylestradiol (EE2) > 4-hydroxy tamoxifen (OHT) > clomiphene (Clo). The present method provides a sensitive estrogen-dependent dose-response curve down to approximately 10(-13) M in the case of DES. This method will become a competitive alternative to the conventional in vitro assays, such as a DNA-binding assay using radioisotopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Bae Kim
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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Gruber HJ, Hahn CD, Kada G, Riener CK, Harms GS, Ahrer W, Dax TG, Knaus HG. Anomalous fluorescence enhancement of Cy3 and cy3.5 versus anomalous fluorescence loss of Cy5 and Cy7 upon covalent linking to IgG and noncovalent binding to avidin. Bioconjug Chem 2000; 11:696-704. [PMID: 10995214 DOI: 10.1021/bc000015m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study provides a critical examination of protein labeling with Cy3, Cy5, and other Cy dyes. Two alternate situations were tested. (i) Antibodies were covalently labeled with Cy dye succinimidyl ester at various fluorophore/protein ratios and the fluorescence of the labeled antibodies was compared to that of free Cy dye. (ii) Fluorescent biotin derivatives were synthesized by derivatizing ethylenediamine with one biotin and one Cy3 (or Cy5) residue. The fluorescence properties of these biotin-Cy dye conjugates were examined at all ligand/(strept)avidin ratios (0 </= n </= 4). The results showed an astounding discrepancy between Cy3 and Cy5: Cy3-labeled antibodies fluoresced very well, even at high Cy3/protein ratios, and the same applied to (strept)avidin with up to four bound biotin-Cy3 conjugates. In contrast, antibodies with six covalently bound Cy5 labels (obtained with the recommended procedure) were almost nonfluorescent, only at 2-3 Cy5 labels/IgG some moderate fluorescence was obtained. By analogy, the biotin-Cy3 conjugate fluoresced intensely, even at high ligand/avidin ratio, in contrast to the weakly fluorescing biotin-Cy5 conjugate. Three mechanisms are responsible for the discrepancy between Cy3 and Cy5. (i) Attachment of Cy3 to a protein's surface causes an anomalous enhancement in fluorescence (by 2-3-fold) while no enhancement occurs with Cy5. (ii) Mutual quenching of IgG-bound Cy dyes by resonance energy transfer is much more pronounced for Cy5 labels than for Cy3. (iii) In IgG with six bound Cy5 labels, about one-third of the labels adopt a nonfluorescent state which is characterized by a large UV-vis absorption maximum at 600 nm instead of at 650 nm. Cy3.5 was found to mimick the properties of Cy3, while Cy7, and to some extent also Cy5.5, were similar to Cy5. In conclusion the Cy dye series is divided into two groups: Antibodies with multiple Cy3 or Cy3.5 labels yield bright fluorescence while extensive quenching occurs in antibodies labeled with Cy5 and Cy7.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Gruber
- Institute of Biophysics and Institute of Chemistry, J. Kepler University, Altenberger Strasse 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria.
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Kada G, Falk H, Gruber HJ. Accurate measurement of avidin and streptavidin in crude biofluids with a new, optimized biotin-fluorescein conjugate. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1999; 1427:33-43. [PMID: 10082985 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-4165(98)00178-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A new biotin-fluorescein conjugate with an ethylene diamine spacer was found to be the first fluorescent biotin derivative which truly mimicked d-biotin in terms of high affinity, fast association, and non-cooperative binding to avidin and streptavidin tetramers. These exceptional properties were attributed to the small size/length of the new ligand since all larger/longer biotin derivatives are known for their mutual steric hindrance and anti-cooperative binding in 4:1 complexes with avidin and streptavidin tetramers. Specific binding of the new biotin-fluorescein conjugate towards avidin and streptavidin was accompanied by 84-88% quenching of ligand fluorescence. In the accompanying study this effect was used for rapid estimation of avidin and streptavidin in a new 'single tube assay'. In the present study the strong quenching effect was utilized to accurately monitor stoichiometric titration of biotin-binding sites in samples with >/=200 pM avidin or streptavidin. The concentration was calculated from the consumption of fluorescent ligand up to the distinct breakpoint in the fluorescence titration profile which was marked by the abrupt appearance of strongly fluorescent ligands which were in excess. Due to this protocol the assay was not perturbed by background fluorescence or coloration in the unknown samples. The new fluorescence titration assay is particularly suited for quick checks on short notice because getting started only means to thaw an aliquot of a standardized stock solution of fluorescent ligand. No calibration is required for the individual assay and the ligand stock solution needs to be restandardized once per week (or once per year) when stored at -25 degrees C (or at -70 degrees C, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- G Kada
- Institute of Biophysics, J. Kepler University, Altenberger Str. 69, A-4040, Linz, Austria
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Kada G, Kaiser K, Falk H, Gruber HJ. Rapid estimation of avidin and streptavidin by fluorescence quenching or fluorescence polarization. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1999; 1427:44-8. [PMID: 10082986 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-4165(98)00177-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A new biotin-carboxyfluorescein conjugate has been presented in the accompanying study (G. Kada et al., Biochim. Biophys. Acta 000 (1999) 000-000) which contains ethylene diamine as a 4-atom spacer. This so-called biotin-4-fluorescein showed exceptionally fast and tight binding to avidin and streptavidin, and binding was accompanied by strong quenching. In the present study the specific quenching of 'biotin-4-fluorescein' was utilized to measure (strept)avidin concentrations (0.2-2 nM) by the extent of fluorescence quenching at 8 nM ligand concentration. Adsorption of (strept)avidin to the assay tubes was suppressed by inclusion of bovine serum albumin (0.1 mg/ml). Virtually the same specific response to avidin and streptavidin was also observed with commercial 'fluorescein-biotin', except that >10 h incubation times were required. The slow association of 'fluorescein-biotin' was attributed to the anti-cooperative binding which is due to the much longer spacer as compared to 'biotin-4-fluorescein'. The third ligand tested in this study was 'biotin-4-FITC' which was analogous to 'biotin-4-fluorescein' except that carboxyfluorescein was replaced by the fluorescein isothiocyanate residue. Surprisingly, this probe was much less quenched by avidin but this was compensated by an exceptionally high fluorescence polarization in the avidin-bound state. In conclusion, the new ligand 'biotin-4-fluorescein' appeared to be the most general and convenient probe: quenching was most pronounced and linearly dependent on (strept)avidin concentrations, the dose response for streptavidin was almost the same as for avidin, and the association kinetics were fast enough to reach equilibrium within 30 min incubation time.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Kada
- Institute of Biophysics, J. Kepler University, Altenberger Str. 69, A-4040, Linz, Austria
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