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Chen X, Han Z, Dong J, Xiao J, Zhao W, Rong J, Aschalew ND, Zhang X, Qin G, Zhen Y, Sun Z, Wang T. Dietary protein to starch metabolizable energy ratios alter growth performance and gastrointestinal microbiota of calves. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1065721. [PMID: 36937312 PMCID: PMC10014794 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1065721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The diet structure is very important for the growth and development of calves. This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary protein-to-starch metabolizable energy ratios (DPSRs) on growth performance, blood index, and gastrointestinal microbiota of calves. Forty-eight Holstein bull calves were fed six dietary DPSRs including A20-35 (20% CP and 35% starch), B20-30, C20-25, D22-35, E22-30, and F22-25 at d 4 to d 60, and then changed to another six dietary DPSRs at d 61 to d 180 (A18-30, B18-27, C18-24, D20-30, E20-27, and F20-24). Twelve calves (d 60) from groups A20-35, C20-25, D22-35, and F22-25 (n = 3) and another twelve calves (d 180) from groups A18-30, C18-24, D20-30, and F20-24 (n = 3) were euthanized. The growth performance parameters were measured. Blood, ruminal fluid, and cecum digesta were collected for further analysis. Results showed heart girth gain of B18-27 was significantly higher than A18-30, C18-24, and heart girth gain (d 180) was significantly affected by protein × starch (DPSRs; p < 0.05). Blood urea nitrogen (BUN; d 60) in C20-25 was significantly higher than A20-35 and B20-30 (p < 0.05). The BUN (d 180) in D20-30 was significantly higher than A18-30 (p < 0.05). The BUN was significantly affected by protein × starch (p < 0.05) on d 60. The albumin (ALB) levels in C20-25 and C18-24 were significantly higher than that in A20-35 on d 60 and A18-30 on d 180, respectively (p < 0.05). The ALB level in D22-35 on d 60 and E20-27 on d 180 was significantly higher than that in other groups (p < 0.05). The ALB level was significantly affected by protein and starch, respectively, on d 60 (p < 0.05). In the rumen, the genera Roseburia (C20-25) and Dialister (D22-35), Prevotellaceae UCG-001 (C18-24), Erysipelotrichaceae UCG-002, and Anaerovorax (F20-24) were found in significant higher relative abundances than those in other groups (p < 0.05). In the cecum, the genera Bacteroides and Eisenbergiella (F22-25), Ruminiclostridium_1 and Candidatus Stoquefichus (A18-30), Erysipelotrichaceae UCG-004 and Tyzzerella 4 (D20-30), and Prevotellaceae UCG-003 and Klebsiella (F20-24) were found in significant higher abundances than those in other groups (p < 0.05). Collectively, these results indicated that the heart girth, BUN, ALB, and gastrointestinal microbiota responded distinctly to differing DPSRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, JLAU-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhiyi Han
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, JLAU-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jianan Dong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, JLAU-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jun Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, JLAU-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, JLAU-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiye Rong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, JLAU-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Natnael D. Aschalew
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, JLAU-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Xuefeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, JLAU-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Guixin Qin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, JLAU-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuguo Zhen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, JLAU-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Postdoctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Feed Engineering Technology Research Center of Jilin Province, Changchun Borui Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Changchun, China
| | - Zhe Sun
- Postdoctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Feed Engineering Technology Research Center of Jilin Province, Changchun Borui Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Changchun, China
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Zhe Sun,
| | - Tao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Jilin Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Production Product Quality and Security Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, JLAU-Borui Dairy Science and Technology R&D Center, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Tao Wang,
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Yan B, Jia T, Wang Z, Zhu W. Comparative research of intestinal microbiota diversity and body mass regulation in Eothenomys miletus from different areas of Hengduan mountain regions. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1026841. [PMID: 36325022 PMCID: PMC9619095 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1026841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to investigate the effects of different areas on intestinal bacterial diversity and body mass regulation in Eothenomys miletus from Hengduan mountain regions, and to explore the community structure and diversity of intestinal microflora and their role in body mass regulation. E. miletus was collected from five areas including Deqin (DQ), Xianggelila (XGLL), Lijiang (LJ), Jianchuan (JC), and Dali (DL), we used 16S rRNA sequencing technology combined with physiological and morphological methods to study the intestinal microbiota diversity, abundance and community structure of the intestinal bacteria in winter, and to explore the influence of geographical factors, physiological indicators including food intake, resting metabolic rate (RMR), non-shivering thermogenesis (NST), neuropeptide Y (NPY), Agouti-Related Protein (AgRP), proopiomelanocortin (POMC), cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcription peptide (CART), and morphological indicators including body mass, body length and other nine indicators on the intestinal microflora diversity in E. miletus. The results showed that there were significant differences in metabolic indexes such as RMR, NST, NPY, AgRP, and morphological indexes such as body length, tail length and ear length among the five regions. Bacterial community in intestinal tract of E. miletus mainly includes three phyla, of which Firmicutes is the dominant phyla, followed by Bacteroidetes and Tenericutes. At the genus level, the dominant bacterial genera were S24-7(UG), Clostridiales (UG), and Lachnospiraceae (UG), etc. α diversity of intestinal microorganisms in DL and JC were significantly different from that in the other three regions. Genera of intestinal microorganisms in DL and JC were also the most. Moreover, Bacteroides, Ruminococcus, and Treponema could affect energy metabolism in E. miletus, which were closely related to the environment in which they lived. All of these results indicated that different areas in Hengduan Mountain had certain effects on the structure of intestinal microbial community in E. miletus, which were responded positively to changes in food abundance and other environmental factors. Furthermore, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes play an important role in the body mass regulation in E. miletus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Yan
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Adaptive Evolution and Conservation on Animals-Plants in Southwest Mountain Ecosystem of Yunnan Province Higher Institutes College, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China
| | - Ting Jia
- Yunnan College of Business Management, Kunming, China
| | - Zhengkun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Adaptive Evolution and Conservation on Animals-Plants in Southwest Mountain Ecosystem of Yunnan Province Higher Institutes College, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China
| | - Wanlong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Adaptive Evolution and Conservation on Animals-Plants in Southwest Mountain Ecosystem of Yunnan Province Higher Institutes College, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China
- Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province for Biomass Energy and Environment Biotechnology, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Wanlong Zhu,
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Yi S, Zhang X, Zhang J, Ma Z, Wang R, Wu D, Wei Z, Tan Z, Zhang B, Wang M. Brittle Culm 15 mutation alters carbohydrate composition, degradation and methanogenesis of rice straw during in vitro ruminal fermentation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:975456. [PMID: 35991441 PMCID: PMC9389288 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.975456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Brittle Culm 15 (BC15) gene encodes a membrane-associated chitinase-like protein that participates in cellulose synthesis, and BC15 gene mutation affects cell wall composition in plant, such as cellulose or hemicellulose. The present study was designed to investigate the changes of carbohydrates composition in bc15 mutant straw, and the resulting consequence on rumen fermentation, methanogenesis, and microbial populations (qPCR) during in vitro ruminal fermentation process. Two substrates, bc15 mutant and wild-type (WT) rice straws, were selected for in vitro rumen batch culture. The first experiment was designed to investigate the kinetics of total gas and CH4 production through 48-h in vitro ruminal fermentation, while the second experiment selected incubation time of 12 and 48 h to represent the early and late stage of in vitro ruminal incubation, respectively, and then investigated changes in biodegradation, fermentation end products, and selected representative microbial populations. The bc15 mutant straw had lower contents of cellulose, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF), and higher contents of water-soluble carbohydrates, neutral detergent solubles (NDS) and monosaccharides. The bc15 mutant straw exhibited a distinct kinetics of 48-h total gas and CH4 production with faster increases in early incubation when compared with WT straw. The bc15 mutant straw had higher DM degradation, NDF degradation and total volatile fatty acid concentration at 12 h of incubation, and lower NDF degradation and CH4 production at 48 h of incubation, together with lower acetate to propionate ratio and ADF degradation and higher butyrate molar percentage and NDS degradation at both incubation times. Furthermore, the bc15 mutant straw resulted in greater 16S gene copies of F. succinogenes, with lower 18S gene copies of fungi at both incubation times. These results indicated that the BC15 gene mutation decreased fibrosis of cell wall of rice straw, enhanced degradation at the early stage of rumen fermentation, and shifts fermentation pattern from acetate to propionate and butyrate production, leading to the decreased volume and fractional rate of CH4 production. However, BC15 gene mutation may enhance hardenability of cell wall structure of rice straw, which is more resistant for microbial colonization with decreased fiber degradation. Thus, this study modified rice straw by manipulating a cell wall biosynthesis gene and provides a potential strategy to alter degradation and CH4 production during in vitro ruminal fermentation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Yi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiumin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhiyuan Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Rong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Duanqin Wu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops and Center of Southern Economic Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Zhongshan Wei
- Institute of Hunan Animal and Veterinary Science, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhiliang Tan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Baocai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- *Correspondence: Min Wang,
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Wang D, Du Y, Wang S, You Z, Liu Y. Effects of sodium humate and glutamine combined supplementation on growth performance, diarrhea incidence, blood parameters, and intestinal microflora of weaned calves. Anim Sci J 2021; 92:e13584. [PMID: 34269503 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of sodium humate (HNa) and glutamine (Gln) alone or combined supplementation on growth performance, diarrhea incidence, blood parameters, and intestinal microflora of weaned Holstein calves. In a 14-day experiment, 40 calves at 51 ± 3 days of age were randomly allocated to four treatment groups: (1) NC (basal diet), (2) NC + 5% HNa, (3) NC + 1% Gln, and (4) NC + 5% HNa + 1% Gln. Calves combined supplementation with HNa and Gln had a higher (P < .05) ADG, serum concentration of glucose (GLU), IgA, and IgG but lower fecal scores, diarrhea incidence, serum concentration of TNF-α, and IL-10 compared with NC group (P < .05). Compared with NC group, HNa + Gln group showed higher (P < .05) serum GSH and T-AOC activities but lower (P < .05) concentration of MDA and D-lac. Furthermore, the abundances of Prevotella ruminicola, Bifidobacterium, and Lactobacillus in rectal digesta were increased (P < .05), but the Escherichia coli was significantly decreased. In conclusion, combined supplementation with HNa and Gln can effectively improve the immune status, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal microflora of the weaned calves while reducing diarrhea incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Experimental Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuanyi Du
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Experimental Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Experimental Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhendong You
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Experimental Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Experimental Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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Mamuad LL, Kim SH, Biswas AA, Yu Z, Cho KK, Kim SB, Lee K, Lee SS. Rumen fermentation and microbial community composition influenced by live Enterococcus faecium supplementation. AMB Express 2019; 9:123. [PMID: 31363877 PMCID: PMC6667549 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-019-0848-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Supplementation of appropriate probiotics can improve the health and productivity of ruminants while mitigating environmental methane production. Hence, this study was conducted to determine the effects of Enterococcus faecium SROD on in vitro rumen fermentation, methane concentration, and microbial population structure. Ruminal samples were collected from ruminally cannulated Holstein–Friesian cattle, and 40:60 rice straw to concentrate ratio was used as substrate. Fresh culture of E. faecium SROD at different inclusion rates (0, 0.1%, 0.5%, and 1.0%) were investigated using in vitro rumen fermentation system. Addition of E. faecium SROD had a significant effect on total gas production with the greatest effect observed with 0.1% supplementation; however, there was no significant influence on pH. Supplementation of 0.1% E. faecium SROD resulted in the highest propionate (P = 0.005) but the lowest methane concentration (P = 0.001). In addition, acetate, butyrate, and total VFA concentrations in treatments were comparatively higher than control. Bioinformatics analysis revealed the predominance of the bacterial phyla Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes and the archaeal phylum Euryarchaeota. At the genus level, Prevotella (15–17%) and Methanobrevibacter (96%) dominated the bacterial and archaeal communities of the in vitro rumen fermenta, respectively. Supplementation of 0.1% E. faecium SROD resulted in the highest quantities of total bacteria and Ruminococcus flavefaciens, whereas 1.0% E. faecium SROD resulted in the highest contents of total fungi and Fibrobacter succinogenes. Overall, supplementation of 0.1% E. faecium SROD significantly increased the propionate and total volatile fatty acids concentrations but decreased the methane concentration while changing the microbial community abundance and composition.
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Wang J, Lang T, Shen J, Dai J, Tian L, Wang X. Core Gut Bacteria Analysis of Healthy Mice. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:887. [PMID: 31105675 PMCID: PMC6491893 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies revealed that there existed great individual variations of gut microbiota in mice, and the gut bacteria of mice were changed with the occurrence and development of diseases. To identify the core gut bacteria in healthy mice and explore their relationships with the host phenotypes would help to understand the underlying mechanisms. In this study, we identified 37 genus-level core bacteria from feces of 101 healthy mice with different ages, sexes, and mouse strains in three previous studies. They collectively represented nearly half of the total sequences, and predominantly included carbohydrate- and amino acids-metabolizing bacteria and immunomodulatory bacteria. Among them, Anaerostipes indwelt the gut of all healthy mice. Co-abundance analysis showed that these core genera were clustered into five groups (Group C1–C5), which were ecologically related. For example, the abundances of Group C2 including probiotics Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus slightly positively correlated with those of Group C1. Principal component analysis (PCA) and multivariate analysis of variance test revealed that these core gut genera were distinguished with age and sex, and also associated with their health/disease state. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) method showed that bacteria in Group C1 and C2/C3 increased with the age in infancy and early adulthood, and were more abundant in female mice than in male ones. The metabolic syndrome (MS) induced by high fat diet (HFD) and accelerated postnatal growth would decrease Group C2 genera, whereas probiotics intervention would reverse HFD-induced reduction of Group C2. Spearman correlation analysis indicated that the principal components based on the abundance of the 37 core genera were significantly correlated with host characteristic parameters of MS. These results demonstrated that the 37 core genera in five co-abundance groups from healthy mice were related to host phenotypes. It was indicated that these prevalent gut bacterial genera could be representative of the healthy gut microbiome in gnotobiotic animal models, and might also be candidates of probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pancreatic Diseases, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Lang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pancreatic Diseases, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Shen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Centre for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juanjuan Dai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pancreatic Diseases, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Tian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pancreatic Diseases, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingpeng Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pancreatic Diseases, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Sun H, Ni X, Song X, Wen B, Zhou Y, Zou F, Yang M, Peng Z, Zhu H, Zeng Y, Wang H, Fu X, Shi Y, Yin Z, Pan K, Jing B, Zeng D, Wang P. Fermented Yupingfeng polysaccharides enhance immunity by improving the foregut microflora and intestinal barrier in weaning rex rabbits. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:8105-20. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7619-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Effects of flavonoids on rumen fermentation activity, methane production, and microbial population. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:349129. [PMID: 24175289 PMCID: PMC3794516 DOI: 10.1155/2013/349129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2013] [Revised: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This research was carried out to evaluate the effects of flavone, myricetin, naringin, catechin, rutin, quercetin, and kaempferol at the concentration of 4.5% of the substrate (dry matter basis) on the rumen microbial activity in vitro. Mixture of guinea grass and concentrate (60 : 40) was used as the substrate. The results showed that all the flavonoids except naringin and quercetin significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the dry matter degradability. The gas production significantly (P < 0.05) decreased by flavone, myricetin, and kaempferol, whereas naringin, rutin, and quercetin significantly (P < 0.05) increased the gas production. The flavonoids suppressed methane production significantly (P < 0.05). The total VFA concentration significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in the presence of flavone, myricetin, and kaempferol. All flavonoids except naringin and quercetin significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the carboxymethyl cellulase, filter paperase, xylanase, and β-glucosidase activities, purine content, and the efficiency of microbial protein synthesis. Flavone, myricetin, catechin, rutin, and kaempferol significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the population of rumen microbes. Total populations of protozoa and methanogens were significantly (P < 0.05) suppressed by naringin and quercetin. The results of this research demonstrated that naringin and quercetin at the concentration of 4.5% of the substrate (dry matter basis) were potential metabolites to suppress methane production without any negative effects on rumen microbial fermentation.
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Faseleh Jahromi M, Liang JB, Mohamad R, Goh YM, Shokryazdan P, Ho YW. Lovastatin-enriched rice straw enhances biomass quality and suppresses ruminal methanogenesis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:397934. [PMID: 23484116 PMCID: PMC3581142 DOI: 10.1155/2013/397934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Revised: 12/22/2012] [Accepted: 12/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The primary objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that solid state fermentation (SSF) of agro-biomass (using rice straw as model); besides, breaking down its lignocellulose content to improve its nutritive values also produces lovastatin which could be used to suppress methanogenesis in the rumen ecosystem. Fermented rice straw (FRS) containing lovastatin after fermentation with Aspergillus terreus was used as substrate for growth study of rumen microorganisms using in vitro gas production method. In the first experiment, the extract from the FRS (FRSE) which contained lovastatin was evaluated for its efficacy for reduction in methane (CH4) production, microbial population, and activity in the rumen fluid. FRSE reduced total gas and CH4 productions (P < 0.01). It also reduced (P < 0.01) total methanogens population and increased the cellulolytic bacteria including Ruminococcus albus, Fibrobacter succinogenes (P < 0.01), and Ruminococcus flavefaciens (P < 0.05). Similarly, FRS reduced total gas and CH4 productions, methanogens population, but increased in vitro dry mater digestibility compared to the non-fermented rice straw. Lovastatin in the FRSE and the FRS significantly increased the expression of HMG-CoA reductase gene that produces HMG-CoA reductase, a key enzyme for cell membrane production in methanogenic Archaea.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan Boo Liang
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rosfarizan Mohamad
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yong Meng Goh
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Parisa Shokryazdan
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yin Wan Ho
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Populations of select cultured and uncultured bacteria in the rumen of sheep and the effect of diets and ruminal fractions. Int J Microbiol 2011; 2011:750613. [PMID: 21822435 PMCID: PMC3142684 DOI: 10.1155/2011/750613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the importance of select cultured and uncultured bacteria in the rumen by quantifying their populations and the effect of diets and ruminal fractions. Full-length 16S rRNA gene (rrs) sequences were recovered from rumen samples using specific primers designed from partial sequences recovered previously. Five uncultured bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were quantified using specific quantitative PCR (qPCR) in fractionated ruminal samples from sheep fed either hay alone or hay plus corn. Species Fibrobacter succinogenes, Ruminococcus albus, R. flavefaciens, Ruminobacter amylophilus, Selenomonas ruminantium, and Mitsuokella multacida and genera Butyrivibrio and Prevotella were also quantified as comparison. The full-length rrs sequence improved taxonomic assignments of partial rrs sequences. Genus Prevotella had the greatest abundance. Of the three major cultured cellulolytic species, R. flavefaciens was most abundant, followed by R. albus and F. succinogenes. The five uncultured bacterial OTUs, classified to genus Acetivibrio, genus Allobaculum, family Ruminococcaceae, order Clostridiales, or class Clostridia, had abundance comparable to that of the above species of genera except Prevotella. Corn supplementation and fractions affected distribution of the rumen bacteria, but to a limited extent. When compared to the qPCR data, sequence frequencies in the rrs clone libraries tended to overestimate the abundance of the bacteria represented. This study showed that abundance and population dynamics of uncultured bacteria can be quantified by specific qPCR, which complements the results of rrs clone libraries. This study also revealed that some uncultured bacteria might be as important as some of the well-characterized bacteria in the rumen. The approach used should be applicable to assess the abundance and potential importance of uncultured bacteria in other environments.
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KOIKE S, PAN J, SUZUKI T, TAKANO T, OSHIMA C, KOBAYASHI Y, TANAKA K. Ruminal distribution of the cellulolytic bacterium Fibrobacter succinogenes in relation to its phylogenetic grouping. Anim Sci J 2004. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-0929.2004.00207.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Itabashi H. Recent Topics in Rumen Microbiology with Particular Reference to Animal Production in Japan. Microbes Environ 2004. [DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.19.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hisao Itabashi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
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