1
|
Keller S, Kleiner L, Ghielmetti G, Kipar A, Tahas SA. Candida steatolytica
causing systemic candidiasis in a group of African spurred tortoises (
Centrochelys sulcata
). VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/vrc2.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saskia Keller
- University of Zurich, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty Zurich Switzerland
| | - Lukas Kleiner
- University of Zurich Animal Hospital Clinic for Zoo Animals, Exotic Pets and Wildlife, Vetsuisse Faculty Zurich Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Ghielmetti
- University of Zurich Section of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse Faculty Zurich Switzerland
| | - Anja Kipar
- University of Zurich, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty Zurich Switzerland
| | - Stamatios Alan Tahas
- University of Zurich Clinic for Zoo Animals Exotic Pets and Wildlife, Vetsuisse Faculty Zurich Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Iannaccone M, Basso PR, Congiu T, Cavicchio P, Ulivi V, Campolo M. Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS) induced by Candida krusei in an Aldabra giant tortoise (Aldabrachelys gigantea) and confirmed by electron microscopy analysis. Med Mycol Case Rep 2018; 21:44-48. [PMID: 30023165 PMCID: PMC6045929 DOI: 10.1016/j.mmcr.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
A young female Aldabra giant tortoise (Adabrachelys gigantea) was presented with anorexia, ataxia, severe constipation and bloating. Analysis revealed liver disease and collected biopsy diagnosed Candida krusei infection. Despite Itraconazole treatment, the tortoise got worse and died. Full necropsy was performed; microbiology showed Candida krusei presence in liver, but histopathology didn’t confirm fungal presence with special stains, so scanning electron microscopy was essential to prove a detailed diagnosis of extensive mycosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maddalena Iannaccone
- Centro Veterinario il Mondo degli Animali Esotici, Via S. Martino 67/r, 16131 Genova, Italy
- Corresponding author.
| | - Petra Rita Basso
- Department of Surgical and Morphological Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Terenzio Congiu
- Department of Surgical and Morphological Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Paolo Cavicchio
- Giardino Zoologico Città di Pistoia, Via Pieve a Celle 160, 51100 Pistoia, Italy
| | - Valentina Ulivi
- Centro Veterinario il Mondo degli Animali Esotici, Via S. Martino 67/r, 16131 Genova, Italy
| | - Marco Campolo
- Centro Veterinario Einaudi, Via N. Colajanni 23 A, 70125 Bari, Italy
- Zoo delle Maitine, Via Fontana dell’Occhio, 82020 Pesco Sannita, Benevento, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Di Ianni F, Dodi PL, Cabassi CS, Pelizzone I, Sala A, Cavirani S, Parmigiani E, Quintavalla F, Taddei S. Conjunctival flora of clinically normal and diseased turtles and tortoises. BMC Vet Res 2015; 11:91. [PMID: 25889261 PMCID: PMC4397695 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-015-0405-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In captive breed turtles and tortoises conjunctival disease is common. Our aim was to investigate the bacterial and fungal flora present in the eyes of healthy and pathological chelonians and to compare findings in turtles with those in tortoises. RESULTS Samples were taken from the conjunctival sacs of 34, diseased and healthy, chelonians (18 tortoises and 16 turtles) and submitted to bacterial and fungal investigation. All samples showed bacterial growth. Thirteen animals (38%), harboured a single bacterial species as sole isolate and twenty-one animals (62%) harboured more than one species. Detection of multiple bacterial infection was clearly greater in tortoises compared to turtles. Most frequently isolated bacterial species were Bacillus spp. (13 isolates), Staphylococcus xylosus (10 isolates), Sphingomonas paucimobilis (6 isolates), Staphylococcus sciuri and Aeromonas hydrophila/caviae (each 5 isolates), Ochrobactrum anthropi (3 isolates), Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter cloacae and Pseudomonas luteola (each 2 isolates). Only one isolate of Kocuria varians/rosea, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus auricularis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus lentus, Morganella morganii, Pasteurella multocida, Pasteurella pneumotropica/haemolytica, Proteus spp., Pseudomonas putida, Salmonella enterica ssp. arizonae, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Vibrio parahaemolyticus was evidenced. The presence in 8 animals of Mycoplasma spp. and in 1 animal with severe conjunctivitis of Chlamydia spp. was detected by PCR. Candida spp. was also isolated from two healthy animals. CONCLUSIONS A clear predominance of Gram positive isolates in tortoises and Gram negative isolates in turtles was found. However, we cannot ascribe the observed difference to the diversity of animal species, as other factors, including especially different characteristics of the living environments, may play a role. Almost all bacterial species isolated may have clinical significance, mostly as opportunistic pathogens, both for humans and animals. That chelonians are often carrier of bacteria with zoonotic potential is a well-known fact, in particular with regard to Salmonella spp. Therefore, it is not surprising the detection of a strain of Salmonella enterica ssp. arizonae in the eye of one of the animals tested. Worthy of note is the finding of Chlamydia spp. in a severe case of conjunctivitis, though we cannot epidemiologically assess a cause-effect relationship between presence of chlamydia and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Di Ianni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Veterinarie, Università di Parma, via del Taglio 10, 43126, Parma, Italy.
| | - Pier Luigi Dodi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Veterinarie, Università di Parma, via del Taglio 10, 43126, Parma, Italy.
| | - Clotilde Silvia Cabassi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Veterinarie, Università di Parma, via del Taglio 10, 43126, Parma, Italy.
| | - Igor Pelizzone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Veterinarie, Università di Parma, via del Taglio 10, 43126, Parma, Italy.
| | - Andrea Sala
- Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Veterinarie, Università di Parma, via del Taglio 10, 43126, Parma, Italy.
| | - Sandro Cavirani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Veterinarie, Università di Parma, via del Taglio 10, 43126, Parma, Italy.
| | - Enrico Parmigiani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Veterinarie, Università di Parma, via del Taglio 10, 43126, Parma, Italy.
| | - Fausto Quintavalla
- Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Veterinarie, Università di Parma, via del Taglio 10, 43126, Parma, Italy.
| | - Simone Taddei
- Dipartimento di Scienze Medico-Veterinarie, Università di Parma, via del Taglio 10, 43126, Parma, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Santos PO, Melo JO, Ponzzes CMPBS, Alves JAB, de Melo DL, Botelho NDS, Yamada-Ogatta SF, Mann RS, Trindade RDC. Multilocus enzyme electrophoresis analysis and exoenzymatic activity of Candida albicans strains isolated from women with vaginal candidiasis. Mycoses 2011; 55:64-72. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.2011.02043.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
5
|
Molecular identification of veterinary yeast isolates by use of sequence-based analysis of the D1/D2 region of the large ribosomal subunit. J Clin Microbiol 2010; 48:2140-6. [PMID: 20392917 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.02306-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional methods of yeast identification are often time-consuming and difficult; however, recent studies of sequence-based identification methods have shown promise. Additionally, little is known about the diversity of yeasts identified from various animal species in veterinary diagnostic laboratories. Therefore, in this study, we examined three methods of identification by using 109 yeast samples isolated during a 1-year period from veterinary clinical samples. Comparison of the three methods-traditional substrate assimilation, fatty acid profile analysis, and sequence-based analysis of the region spanning the D1 and D2 regions (D1/D2) of the large ribosomal subunit-showed that sequence analysis provided the highest percent identification among the three. Sequence analysis identified 87% of isolates to the species level, whereas substrate assimilation and fatty acid profile analysis identified only 54% and 47%, respectively. Less-stringent criteria for identification increased the percentage of isolates identified to 98% for sequence analysis, 62% for substrate assimilation, and 55% for fatty acid profile analysis. We also found that sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region provided further identification for 36% of yeast not identified to the species level by D1/D2 sequence analysis. Additionally, we identified a large variety of yeast from animal sources, with at least 30 different species among the isolates tested, and with the majority not belonging to the common Candida spp., such as C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. tropicalis, and the C. parapsilosis group. Thus, we determined that sequence analysis of the D1/D2 region was the best method for identification of the variety of yeasts found in a veterinary population.
Collapse
|
6
|
Arancia S, Sandini S, Cassone A, De Bernardis F. Use of 65kDa mannoprotein gene primers in PCR methods for the identification of five medically important Candida species. Mol Cell Probes 2009; 23:218-26. [PMID: 19393314 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2009.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2008] [Revised: 04/01/2009] [Accepted: 04/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We have developed PCR and Multiplex PCR assays for the detection of medically important Candida spp. using different species and genus-specific PCR primers selected within the MP65 gene, a recently cloned gene encoding a mannoprotein adhesin. The genus-specific PCR primers were able to amplify Candida species DNA (100% positivity) whereas DNA from all other isolates tested, belonging to other fungal genera, was not amplified. The species-specific PCR primers allowed differentiation of each of five Candida species by the amplicon length produced. No amplicons were detected using species- or genus-specific primers in several bacterial or human DNA templates. The methods described in this study are reproducible, simple and specific. The total time required for each PCR method was less than 4 h from the extraction to the visualized amplicons after PCR. In conclusion, we developed PCR methods to differentiate the five most medically important Candida species using primers directed to the MP65 gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Arancia
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|