2
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Dinh PX, Nguyen MN, Nguyen HT, Tran VH, Tran QD, Dang KH, Vo DT, Le HT, Nguyen NTT, Nguyen TT, Do DT. Porcine circovirus genotypes and their copathogens in pigs with respiratory disease in southern provinces of Vietnam. Arch Virol 2021; 166:403-411. [PMID: 33392818 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04878-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the genetic diversity of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and its coinfecting pathogens in pigs with respiratory disease in Vietnam. Samples from 127 clinical cases were obtained from different southern provinces of Vietnam from January 2018 to January 2020 for PCR and sequence analysis. The infection rate of PCV2 was 78.8%, and the major pathogens found in coinfections with PCV2 were porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, and Haemophilus parasuis. Forty-three PCV2-positive clinical samples were selected for amplification and sequencing of the ORF2 region. Phylogenetic analysis of PCV2 ORF2 showed that five of the sequences belonged to PCV2b (11.6%) and 38 belonged to PCV2d (88.4%), indicating that PCV2d strains were predominant in southern provinces of Vietnam. Alignment of the predicted amino acid sequences of the PCV2 capsid protein revealed polymorphic sites in the antibody recognition regions. This study demonstrates the prevalence of the PCV2d genotype in southern Vietnam and presents a comprehensive overview of the coinfecting pathogens associated with PCV2 in young pigs with respiratory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phat Xuan Dinh
- Biotechnology Department, Nong Lam University HCMC, Linh Trung ward, Thu Duc district, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | - Minh Nam Nguyen
- School of Medicine, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung ward, Thu Duc district, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | - Hien The Nguyen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Nong Lam University HCMC, Thu Duc district, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | - Vu Hoang Tran
- Boehringer Ingelheim Vietnam, 39 Le Duan Street, District 1, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | - Quy Dinh Tran
- Boehringer Ingelheim Vietnam, 39 Le Duan Street, District 1, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | - Kim Hoang Dang
- Sanphar Vietnam Co. Ltd., 59, Xuan Thuy Street, Thao Dien Ward, District 2, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | - Dai Tan Vo
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Nong Lam University HCMC, Thu Duc district, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | - Hien Thanh Le
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Nong Lam University HCMC, Thu Duc district, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | - Nam Thi Thu Nguyen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Nong Lam University HCMC, Thu Duc district, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | - Toan Tat Nguyen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Nong Lam University HCMC, Thu Duc district, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | - Duy Tien Do
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Nong Lam University HCMC, Thu Duc district, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam.
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9
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Hoffmann B, Blome S, Bonilauri P, Fernández-Piñero J, Greiser-Wilke I, Haegeman A, Isaksson M, Koenen F, LeBlanc N, Leifer I, Le Potier MF, Loeffen W, Rasmussen TB, Stadejek T, Ståhl K, Tignon M, Uttenthal Å, van der Poel W, Beer M. Classical swine fever virus detection. J Vet Diagn Invest 2011; 23:999-1004. [DOI: 10.1177/1040638711416849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study reports on a real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (real-time RT-PCR) ring trial for the detection of Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) genomic RNA undertaken by 10 European laboratories. All laboratories were asked to use their routine in-house real-time RT-PCR protocols and a standardized protocol commonly used by the Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute (FLI) on a panel of well-characterized samples. In general, all participants produced results within the acceptable range. The FLI assay, several in-house assays, and the commercial kits had high analytical sensitivity and specificity values. Nevertheless, some in-house systems had unspecific reactions or suboptimal sensitivity with only a single CSFV genotype. Follow-up actions involved either improvement of suboptimal assays or replacement of specific laboratory assays with the FLI protocol, with or without modifications. In conclusion, the ring trial showed reliability of classical swine fever diagnosis on an international level and helped to optimize CSFV-specific RT-PCR diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Hoffmann
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Riems Island, Germany (Hoffmann, Blome, Beer)
- Diagnostic Section of Reggio Emilia, Lombardy and Emilia Romagna Experimental Zootechnic Institute, Reggio Emilia, Italy (Bonilauri)
- Animal Health Research Center, Madrid, Spain (Fernández-Piñero)
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany (Greiser-Wilke)
- Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Center, Ukkel, Belgium (Haegeman, Koenen, Tignon)
| | - Sandra Blome
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Riems Island, Germany (Hoffmann, Blome, Beer)
- Diagnostic Section of Reggio Emilia, Lombardy and Emilia Romagna Experimental Zootechnic Institute, Reggio Emilia, Italy (Bonilauri)
- Animal Health Research Center, Madrid, Spain (Fernández-Piñero)
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany (Greiser-Wilke)
- Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Center, Ukkel, Belgium (Haegeman, Koenen, Tignon)
| | - Paolo Bonilauri
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Riems Island, Germany (Hoffmann, Blome, Beer)
- Diagnostic Section of Reggio Emilia, Lombardy and Emilia Romagna Experimental Zootechnic Institute, Reggio Emilia, Italy (Bonilauri)
- Animal Health Research Center, Madrid, Spain (Fernández-Piñero)
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany (Greiser-Wilke)
- Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Center, Ukkel, Belgium (Haegeman, Koenen, Tignon)
| | - Jovita Fernández-Piñero
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Riems Island, Germany (Hoffmann, Blome, Beer)
- Diagnostic Section of Reggio Emilia, Lombardy and Emilia Romagna Experimental Zootechnic Institute, Reggio Emilia, Italy (Bonilauri)
- Animal Health Research Center, Madrid, Spain (Fernández-Piñero)
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany (Greiser-Wilke)
- Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Center, Ukkel, Belgium (Haegeman, Koenen, Tignon)
| | - Irene Greiser-Wilke
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Riems Island, Germany (Hoffmann, Blome, Beer)
- Diagnostic Section of Reggio Emilia, Lombardy and Emilia Romagna Experimental Zootechnic Institute, Reggio Emilia, Italy (Bonilauri)
- Animal Health Research Center, Madrid, Spain (Fernández-Piñero)
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany (Greiser-Wilke)
- Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Center, Ukkel, Belgium (Haegeman, Koenen, Tignon)
| | - Andy Haegeman
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Riems Island, Germany (Hoffmann, Blome, Beer)
- Diagnostic Section of Reggio Emilia, Lombardy and Emilia Romagna Experimental Zootechnic Institute, Reggio Emilia, Italy (Bonilauri)
- Animal Health Research Center, Madrid, Spain (Fernández-Piñero)
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany (Greiser-Wilke)
- Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Center, Ukkel, Belgium (Haegeman, Koenen, Tignon)
| | - Mats Isaksson
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Riems Island, Germany (Hoffmann, Blome, Beer)
- Diagnostic Section of Reggio Emilia, Lombardy and Emilia Romagna Experimental Zootechnic Institute, Reggio Emilia, Italy (Bonilauri)
- Animal Health Research Center, Madrid, Spain (Fernández-Piñero)
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany (Greiser-Wilke)
- Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Center, Ukkel, Belgium (Haegeman, Koenen, Tignon)
| | - Frank Koenen
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Riems Island, Germany (Hoffmann, Blome, Beer)
- Diagnostic Section of Reggio Emilia, Lombardy and Emilia Romagna Experimental Zootechnic Institute, Reggio Emilia, Italy (Bonilauri)
- Animal Health Research Center, Madrid, Spain (Fernández-Piñero)
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany (Greiser-Wilke)
- Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Center, Ukkel, Belgium (Haegeman, Koenen, Tignon)
| | - Neil LeBlanc
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Riems Island, Germany (Hoffmann, Blome, Beer)
- Diagnostic Section of Reggio Emilia, Lombardy and Emilia Romagna Experimental Zootechnic Institute, Reggio Emilia, Italy (Bonilauri)
- Animal Health Research Center, Madrid, Spain (Fernández-Piñero)
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany (Greiser-Wilke)
- Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Center, Ukkel, Belgium (Haegeman, Koenen, Tignon)
| | - Immanuel Leifer
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Riems Island, Germany (Hoffmann, Blome, Beer)
- Diagnostic Section of Reggio Emilia, Lombardy and Emilia Romagna Experimental Zootechnic Institute, Reggio Emilia, Italy (Bonilauri)
- Animal Health Research Center, Madrid, Spain (Fernández-Piñero)
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany (Greiser-Wilke)
- Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Center, Ukkel, Belgium (Haegeman, Koenen, Tignon)
| | - Marie-Frederique Le Potier
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Riems Island, Germany (Hoffmann, Blome, Beer)
- Diagnostic Section of Reggio Emilia, Lombardy and Emilia Romagna Experimental Zootechnic Institute, Reggio Emilia, Italy (Bonilauri)
- Animal Health Research Center, Madrid, Spain (Fernández-Piñero)
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany (Greiser-Wilke)
- Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Center, Ukkel, Belgium (Haegeman, Koenen, Tignon)
| | - Willie Loeffen
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Riems Island, Germany (Hoffmann, Blome, Beer)
- Diagnostic Section of Reggio Emilia, Lombardy and Emilia Romagna Experimental Zootechnic Institute, Reggio Emilia, Italy (Bonilauri)
- Animal Health Research Center, Madrid, Spain (Fernández-Piñero)
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany (Greiser-Wilke)
- Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Center, Ukkel, Belgium (Haegeman, Koenen, Tignon)
| | - Thomas Bruun Rasmussen
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Riems Island, Germany (Hoffmann, Blome, Beer)
- Diagnostic Section of Reggio Emilia, Lombardy and Emilia Romagna Experimental Zootechnic Institute, Reggio Emilia, Italy (Bonilauri)
- Animal Health Research Center, Madrid, Spain (Fernández-Piñero)
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany (Greiser-Wilke)
- Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Center, Ukkel, Belgium (Haegeman, Koenen, Tignon)
| | - Tomasz Stadejek
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Riems Island, Germany (Hoffmann, Blome, Beer)
- Diagnostic Section of Reggio Emilia, Lombardy and Emilia Romagna Experimental Zootechnic Institute, Reggio Emilia, Italy (Bonilauri)
- Animal Health Research Center, Madrid, Spain (Fernández-Piñero)
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany (Greiser-Wilke)
- Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Center, Ukkel, Belgium (Haegeman, Koenen, Tignon)
| | - Karl Ståhl
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Riems Island, Germany (Hoffmann, Blome, Beer)
- Diagnostic Section of Reggio Emilia, Lombardy and Emilia Romagna Experimental Zootechnic Institute, Reggio Emilia, Italy (Bonilauri)
- Animal Health Research Center, Madrid, Spain (Fernández-Piñero)
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany (Greiser-Wilke)
- Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Center, Ukkel, Belgium (Haegeman, Koenen, Tignon)
| | - Marylène Tignon
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Riems Island, Germany (Hoffmann, Blome, Beer)
- Diagnostic Section of Reggio Emilia, Lombardy and Emilia Romagna Experimental Zootechnic Institute, Reggio Emilia, Italy (Bonilauri)
- Animal Health Research Center, Madrid, Spain (Fernández-Piñero)
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany (Greiser-Wilke)
- Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Center, Ukkel, Belgium (Haegeman, Koenen, Tignon)
| | - Åse Uttenthal
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Riems Island, Germany (Hoffmann, Blome, Beer)
- Diagnostic Section of Reggio Emilia, Lombardy and Emilia Romagna Experimental Zootechnic Institute, Reggio Emilia, Italy (Bonilauri)
- Animal Health Research Center, Madrid, Spain (Fernández-Piñero)
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany (Greiser-Wilke)
- Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Center, Ukkel, Belgium (Haegeman, Koenen, Tignon)
| | - Wim van der Poel
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Riems Island, Germany (Hoffmann, Blome, Beer)
- Diagnostic Section of Reggio Emilia, Lombardy and Emilia Romagna Experimental Zootechnic Institute, Reggio Emilia, Italy (Bonilauri)
- Animal Health Research Center, Madrid, Spain (Fernández-Piñero)
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany (Greiser-Wilke)
- Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Center, Ukkel, Belgium (Haegeman, Koenen, Tignon)
| | - Martin Beer
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Riems Island, Germany (Hoffmann, Blome, Beer)
- Diagnostic Section of Reggio Emilia, Lombardy and Emilia Romagna Experimental Zootechnic Institute, Reggio Emilia, Italy (Bonilauri)
- Animal Health Research Center, Madrid, Spain (Fernández-Piñero)
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany (Greiser-Wilke)
- Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Center, Ukkel, Belgium (Haegeman, Koenen, Tignon)
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13
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Vrancken R, Haegeman A, Paeshuyse J, Puerstinger G, Rozenski J, Wright M, Tignon M, Le Potier MF, Neyts J, Koenen F. Proof of concept for the reduction of classical swine fever infection in pigs by a novel viral polymerase inhibitor. J Gen Virol 2009; 90:1335-1342. [DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.008839-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
5-[(4-Bromophenyl)methyl]-2-phenyl-5H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine (BPIP) is a representative of a class of imidazopyridines with potentin vitroantiviral activity against pestiviruses including classical swine fever virus (CSFV). This study analysed whether the lead compound, BPIP, was able to reduce virus replication in infected piglets. The compound, administered in feed, was readily bioavailable and was well tolerated. Eight specific-pathogen-free pigs received a daily dose of 75 mg kg−1(mixed in feed) for a period of 15 consecutive days, starting 1 day before infection with the CSFV field isolate Wingene. BPIP-treated pigs developed a short, transient viraemia (one animal remained negative) and leukopenia (three animals did not develop leukopenia). Virus titres at peak viraemia (7 days post-infection) were markedly lower (∼1000-fold) than in untreated animals (P=0.00005) and the viral genome load in blood was also significantly lower (P≤0.001) in drug-treated animals than in untreated animals over the entire experiment. At the end of the experiment (day 33), no infectious virus was detectable in the tonsils of BPIP-treated animals, although low levels of viral RNA were detected. The inability to isolate infectious virus from the tonsils indicates that the risk of a persistent CSFV infection is negligible. Further optimization of the antiviral potency and bioavailability of this lead compound may result in molecules completely suppressing virus replication. A potent antiviral could potentially be used as a primary control measure against virus spread in case of an outbreak, in addition to present countermeasures. This study provides the first proof of concept for the prophylaxis/treatment of CSFV infection in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Vrancken
- Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre, Groeselenberg 99, B-1180 Ukkel, Belgium
| | - Andy Haegeman
- Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre, Groeselenberg 99, B-1180 Ukkel, Belgium
| | - Jan Paeshuyse
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Minderbroederstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gerhard Puerstinger
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52a, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jef Rozenski
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Minderbroederstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Matthew Wright
- Gilead Sciences, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, CA, USA
| | - Marylène Tignon
- Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre, Groeselenberg 99, B-1180 Ukkel, Belgium
| | - Marie-Frédérique Le Potier
- Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire des Aliments, Unité de Virologie Immunologie Porcines, BP53, F-22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Johan Neyts
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Minderbroederstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frank Koenen
- Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre, Groeselenberg 99, B-1180 Ukkel, Belgium
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