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Craighero L. An embodied approach to fetal and newborn perceptual and sensorimotor development. Brain Cogn 2024; 179:106184. [PMID: 38843762 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2024.106184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/17/2024]
Abstract
The embodied approach argues that interaction with the environment plays a crucial role in brain development and that the presence of sensory effects generated by movements is fundamental. The movement of the fetus is initially random. Then, the repeated execution of the movement creates a link between it and its sensory effects, allowing the selection of movements that produce expected sensations. During fetal life, the brain develops from a transitory fetal circuit to the permanent cortical circuit, which completes development after birth. Accordingly, this process must concern the interaction of the fetus with the intrauterine environment and of the newborn with the new aerial environment, which provides a new sensory stimulation, light. The goal of the present review is to provide suggestions for neuroscientific research capable of shedding light on brain development process by describing from a functional point of view the relationship between the motor and sensory abilities of fetuses and newborns and the increasing complexity of their interaction with objects in the womb and outside of it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila Craighero
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, via Fossato di Mortara 19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
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2
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Lutzer A, Nagel C, Murphy BA, Aurich J, Wulf M, Gautier C, Aurich C. Effects of blue monochromatic light directed at one eye of pregnant horse mares on gestation, parturition and foal maturity. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2022; 78:106675. [PMID: 34543834 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2021.106675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Blue light directed at 1 eye advances the equine ovulatory season but may also advance foaling. In this study, effects of blue LED light on pregnancy outcome were assessed. A total of 20 mares with singleton pregnancies were studied over 2 consecutive years in a cross-over design. In 1 year, mares received an extended photoperiod using 50 lux of blue LED light (468 nm) directed at a single eye from 08:00 until 23:00 daily via head-worn light masks starting mid-December and in the other year remained untreated as controls. Gestation was shorter in blue LED light-treated than in control pregnancies (median 333.0 vs 338.5 days, P = 0.036). Foals born to blue LED light-treated mares had lower wither heights (median 103.0 vs 104.5 cm, P = 0.023), similar weights (median 55.8 vs 54.8 kg, P = 0.732) and took less time to stand after birth than control foals (median 35.0 vs 53.5 min, P = 0.036). Foals born to blue LED light-treated mares had reduced hair length compared to controls (median 12.0 vs 20.0 mm, P = 0.009) and hair regrowth in treated mares was reduced (P = 0.036). In conclusion, blue LED light directed at 1 eye advanced foaling and influenced height and hair coat but not weight in foals.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lutzer
- Graf Lehndorff Institute for Equine Science, Vetmeduni Vienna, 16845 Neustadt (Dosse), Germany
| | - C Nagel
- Graf Lehndorff Institute for Equine Science, Vetmeduni Vienna, 16845 Neustadt (Dosse), Germany
| | - B A Murphy
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - J Aurich
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - M Wulf
- Graf Lehndorff Institute for Equine Science, Vetmeduni Vienna, 16845 Neustadt (Dosse), Germany
| | - C Gautier
- Division of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Andrology, Department for Small Animals and Horses, Vetmeduni Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Aurich
- Centre for Artificial Insemination and Embryo Transfer, Department for Small Animals and Horses, Vetmeduni Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
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3
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Hazelhoff EM, Dudink J, Meijer JH, Kervezee L. Beginning to See the Light: Lessons Learned From the Development of the Circadian System for Optimizing Light Conditions in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:634034. [PMID: 33815040 PMCID: PMC8013699 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.634034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian timing system optimizes health by temporally coordinating behavior and physiology. During mammalian gestation, fetal circadian rhythms are synchronized by the daily fluctuations in maternal body temperature, hormones and nutrients. Circadian disruption during pregnancy is associated with negative effects on developmental outcomes in the offspring, highlighting the importance of regular and robust 24-h rhythms over gestation. In the case of preterm birth (before 37 weeks of gestation), maternal cues no longer synchronize the neonate's circadian system, which may adversely affect the neonate. There is increasing evidence that introducing robust light-dark cycles in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit has beneficial effects on clinical outcomes in preterm infants, such as weight gain and hospitalization time, compared to infants exposed to constant light or constant near-darkness. However, the biological basis for these effects and the relationship with the functional and anatomical development of the circadian system is not fully understood. In this review, we provide a concise overview of the effects of light-dark cycles on clinical outcomes of preterm neonates in the NICU and its alignment with the development of the circadian system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther M. Hazelhoff
- Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Department of Cellular and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Dudink
- Department of Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital and Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Johanna H. Meijer
- Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Department of Cellular and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Laura Kervezee
- Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Department of Cellular and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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Zores‐Koenig C, Kuhn P, Caeymaex L, Allen A, Berne‐Audeoud F, Bouvard C, Brandicourt A, Casper C, Denoual H, Duboz MA, Evrard A, Fichtner C, Fischer‐Fumeaux C, Girard L, Gonnaud F, Haumont D, Hüppi P, Knezovic N, Laprugne‐Garcia E, Legouais S, Mons F, Pelofy V, Picaud J, Pierrat V, Pladys P, Renaud A, Renesme L, Sizun J, Souet G, Thiriez G, Tourneux P, Touzet M, Truffert P, Zaoui C, Zana‐Taieb E. Recommendations on neonatal light environment from the French Neonatal Society. Acta Paediatr 2020; 109:1292-1301. [PMID: 31955460 DOI: 10.1111/apa.15173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
AIM Hospital light may affect neonatal neurosensory development and the well-being of parents and caregivers. We aimed to issue practical recommendations regarding the optimal light environment for neonatal units. METHODS A systematic evaluation was performed using PubMed to identify relevant papers published in English or French up to July 2018, and the different grades of evidence were evaluated. RESULTS We identified 89 studies and one meta-analysis and examined 31 eligible studies. The major results were that natural or artificial light should not exceed 1000 lux and that all changes in light level should be gradual. Light protection should be used for infants of <32 weeks of postmenstrual age and but must be individualised to each infant. Infants should not be exposed to continuous high light levels regardless of their term and postnatal age. Cycled light before discharge seemed to be safe and beneficial. For medical caregivers' well-being, higher light levels and access to natural light are recommended. Special attention should be given to protecting neonatal patients from high light levels that may be necessary when performing specific care procedures. CONCLUSION Consideration of general principles and practical applications can improve the neonatal light environment for newborn infants, parents and caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Zores‐Koenig
- Médecine et Réanimation du Nouveau‐né Hôpital de Hautepierre CHU Strasbourg Strasbourg France
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives UPR 3212 CNRS et Université de Strasbourg Strasbourg France
| | - Pierre Kuhn
- Médecine et Réanimation du Nouveau‐né Hôpital de Hautepierre CHU Strasbourg Strasbourg France
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives UPR 3212 CNRS et Université de Strasbourg Strasbourg France
| | - Laurence Caeymaex
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil Créteil France
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Abstract
Animals, plants, and microorganisms exhibit numerous biological rhythms that are generated by numerous biological clocks. This article summarizes experimental data pertinent to the often-ignored issue of integration of multiple rhythms. Five contexts of integration are discussed: (i) integration of circadian rhythms of multiple processes within an individual organism, (ii) integration of biological rhythms operating in different time scales (such as tidal, daily, and seasonal), (iii) integration of rhythms across multiple species, (iv) integration of rhythms of different members of a species, and (v) integration of rhythmicity and physiological homeostasis. Understanding of these multiple rhythmic interactions is an important first step in the eventual thorough understanding of how organisms arrange their vital functions temporally within and without their bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Refinetti
- Circadian Rhythm Laboratory, University of South Carolina, Walterboro, South Carolina, USA.
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Fuchino Y, Naoi N, Shibata M, Niwa F, Kawai M, Konishi Y, Okanoya K, Myowa-Yamakoshi M. Effects of preterm birth on intrinsic fluctuations in neonatal cerebral activity examined using optical imaging. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67432. [PMID: 23840698 PMCID: PMC3696115 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2012] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Medical advancements in neonatology have significantly increased the number of high-risk preterm survivors. However, recent long-term follow-up studies have suggested that preterm infants are at risk for behavioral, educational, and emotional problems. Although clear relationships have been demonstrated between preterm infants and developmental problems during childhood and adolescence, less is known about the early indications of these problems. Recently, numerous studies on resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) have demonstrated temporal correlations of activity between spatially remote cortical regions not only in healthy adults but also in neuropathological disorders and early childhood development. In order to compare RSFC of the cerebral cortex between preterm infants at term-equivalent ages and full-term neonates without any anatomical abnormality risk during natural sleep, we used an optical topography system, which is a recently developed extension of near-infrared spectroscopy. We clarified the presence of RSFC in both preterm infants and full-term neonates and showed differences between these groups. The principal differences were that on comparison of RSFC between the bilateral temporal regions, and bilateral parietal regions, RSFC was enhanced in preterm infants compared with full-term neonates; whereas on comparison of RSFC between the left temporal and left parietal regions, RSFC was enhanced in full-term neonates compared with preterm infants. We also demonstrated a difference between the groups in developmental changes of RSFC related to postmenstrual age. Most importantly, these findings suggested that preterm infants and full-term neonates follow different developmental trajectories during the perinatal period because of differences in perinatal experiences and physiological and structural development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Fuchino
- Japan Science Technology Agency, Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO), Okanoya Emotional Information Project, Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
- Graduate School of Education, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Honmachi, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Nozomi Naoi
- Japan Science Technology Agency, Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO), Okanoya Emotional Information Project, Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
- Graduate School of Education, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Honmachi, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Minoru Shibata
- Japan Science Technology Agency, Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO), Okanoya Emotional Information Project, Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Fusako Niwa
- Japan Science Technology Agency, Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO), Okanoya Emotional Information Project, Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masahiko Kawai
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yukuo Konishi
- Center for Baby Science, Doshisha University, Kizugawa, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuo Okanoya
- Japan Science Technology Agency, Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO), Okanoya Emotional Information Project, Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan
- RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masako Myowa-Yamakoshi
- Japan Science Technology Agency, Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO), Okanoya Emotional Information Project, Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
- Graduate School of Education, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Honmachi, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
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Durán MC, Ramírez AM, Parraguez VH, Ramírez H. Effect of phototherapy on the plasma bilirubin concentration of newborn foals. Vet Rec 2009; 164:503-4. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.164.16.503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. C. Durán
- Department of Animal Sciences; Faculty of Veterinary Sciences; University of Chile; Avenue Santa Rosa 11.735, La Pintana, Casilla 2, Correo 15, La Granja 8820808 Santiago Chile
| | - A. M. Ramírez
- Department of Animal Sciences; Faculty of Veterinary Sciences; University of Chile; Avenue Santa Rosa 11.735, La Pintana, Casilla 2, Correo 15, La Granja 8820808 Santiago Chile
| | - V. H. Parraguez
- Department of Animal Sciences; Faculty of Veterinary Sciences; University of Chile; Avenue Santa Rosa 11.735, La Pintana, Casilla 2, Correo 15, La Granja 8820808 Santiago Chile
| | - H. Ramírez
- Haras San Pablo; Casilla 957 Talca Región del Maule Chile
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Serón-Ferré M, Torres C, Parraguez VH, Vergara M, Valladares L, Forcelledo ML, Constandil L, Valenzuela GJ. Perinatal neuroendocrine regulation. Development of the circadian time-keeping system. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2002; 186:169-73. [PMID: 11900892 DOI: 10.1016/s0303-7207(01)00682-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
During gestation, the perinatal neuroendocrine axis keeps clock time. In primates, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (biological clock in mammals), shows oscillatory function by midgestation. There is evidence in rodents that the mother, during pregnancy, entrains the fetal suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and newborn circadian rhythms. We are investigating the role of maternal melatonin as an entraining signal for the newborn circadian time-keeping system in the Cebus apella (New World non-human primate). Twenty-four hour rhythms of temperature and cortisol are present in the 4 days old C. apella newborn. Preliminary data suggests that inhibition of maternal melatonin by exposing pregnant females to constant light alters these rhythms. We have found binding sites for melatonin and expression of mRNA for Mel 1A receptor in hypothalamus, kidney and testis. These preliminary results suggest that maternal melatonin may play a role in relating the perinatal circadian time-keeping system to environmental signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Serón-Ferré
- Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 114-D, Santiago, Chile.
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