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Kämäräinen T, Nogami S, Arima-Osonoi H, Iwase H, Uchiyama H, Tozuka Y, Kadota K. Multiscale structure analysis of a pH-responsive gelatin/hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate blend using small-angle scattering. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 669:975-983. [PMID: 38759596 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (HPMCP) is an enteric polymer that has been employed in drug delivery systems to delay the release of the encapsulated active pharmaceutical ingredients through its pH-responsive solubility change. This has been recently demonstrated as an effective means for delaying the drug release from gelatin/HPMCP hydrogels at gastric pH values. However, structural characteristics of HPMCP agglomeration in gelatin/HPMCP hydrogels is not well understood thus limiting further tailoring of their material properties. EXPERIMENTS We investigated the multiscale structure of a gelatin/HPMCP hydrogel (1:1 by weight) between pH 2 and 6 at 37 °C, i.e. above the upper critical solution transition temperature of gelatin, using small-angle X-ray scattering and contrast-variation small-angle neutron scattering to understand the pH-responsive structure of HPMCP and the cross-correlation between gelatin and HPMCP. FINDINGS Agglomeration of HPMCP between pH 2 and 4 was evidenced by the formation of mass fractal structures, with a fractal dimension ranging from 1.5 to 2.7, comprising primary particles with a radius of gyration ranging from 70 to 140 Å. Blending with gelatin influenced the fractal structure of HPMCP and the primary particle size. Gelatin and HPMCP exhibited negative cross-correlation in all probed length scales and pH values, which was attributed to volume-exclusion interaction in a double-network-like solution architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tero Kämäräinen
- Department of Formulation Design and Pharmaceutical Technology, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nogami
- Department of Formulation Design and Pharmaceutical Technology, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Arima-Osonoi
- Neutron Science and Technology Center, Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
| | - Hiroki Iwase
- Neutron Science and Technology Center, Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Uchiyama
- Department of Formulation Design and Pharmaceutical Technology, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Yuichi Tozuka
- Department of Formulation Design and Pharmaceutical Technology, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Kazunori Kadota
- Department of Formulation Design and Pharmaceutical Technology, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan; Department of Physical Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wakayama Medical University, 25-1 Shichibancho, Wakayama-shi, Wakayama 640-8156, Japan.
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Ding B, Zhu Z, Guo C, Li J, Gan Y, Yu M. Oral peptide therapeutics for diabetes treatment: State-of-the-art and future perspectives. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:2006-2025. [PMID: 38799624 PMCID: PMC11120284 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2024.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes, characterized by hyperglycemia, is a major cause of death and disability worldwide. Peptides, such as insulin and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogs, have shown promise as treatments for diabetes due to their ability to mimic or enhance insulin's actions in the body. Compared to subcutaneous injection, oral administration of anti-diabetic peptides is a preferred approach. However, biological barriers significantly reduce the efficacy of oral peptide therapeutics. Recent advancements in drug delivery systems and formulation techniques have greatly improved the oral delivery of peptide therapeutics and their efficacy in treating diabetes. This review will highlight (1) the benefits of oral anti-diabetic peptide therapeutics; (2) the biological barriers for oral peptide delivery, including pH and enzyme degradation, intestinal mucosa barrier, and biodistribution barrier; (3) the delivery platforms to overcome these biological barriers. Additionally, the review will discuss the prospects in this field. The information provided in this review will serve as a valuable guide for future developments in oral anti-diabetic peptide therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingwen Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Cong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yong Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Excipients, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Miaorong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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3
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Alavi SE, Alharthi S, Alavi SZ, Raza A, Ebrahimi Shahmabadi H. Bioresponsive drug delivery systems. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:103849. [PMID: 38052319 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we highlight the potential of stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems (DDSs) to revolutionize healthcare. Through examining pH, temperature, enzyme, and redox responsiveness, the presented case studies highlight the precision and enhanced therapeutic outcomes achievable with these innovative systems. Challenges, such as complex design and bio-based material optimization, underscore the complete journey from bench to bedside. Clinical strides in magnetically and temperature-responsive systems hint at a promising future for healthcare. However, overcoming issues of stability, durability, penetration depth, sensitivity, and active targeting is crucial. The future envisions theranostic systems, amalgamating targeted therapy and diagnosis, for personalized healthcare. Bio-based materials emerge as pivotal, offering a nuanced approach to complex diseases, such as cancer and diabetes, reshaping the healthcare landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Ebrahim Alavi
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan 7718175911, Iran.
| | - Sitah Alharthi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Al-Dawadmi Campus, Al-Dawadmi 11961, Saudi Arabia
| | - Seyed Zeinab Alavi
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan 7718175911, Iran
| | - Aun Raza
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Hasan Ebrahimi Shahmabadi
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan 7718175911, Iran.
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4
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Attia L, Chen LH, Doyle PS. Orthogonal Gelations to Synthesize Core-Shell Hydrogels Loaded with Nanoemulsion-Templated Drug Nanoparticles for Versatile Oral Drug Delivery. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2301667. [PMID: 37507108 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Hydrophobic active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) are ubiquitous in the drug development pipeline, but their poor bioavailability often prevents their translation into drug products. Industrial processes to formulate hydrophobic APIs are expensive, difficult to optimize, and not flexible enough to incorporate customizable drug release profiles into drug products. Here, a novel, dual-responsive gelation process that exploits orthogonal thermo-responsive and ion-responsive gelations is introduced. This one-step "dual gelation" synthesizes core-shell (methylcellulose-alginate) hydrogel particles and encapsulates drug-laden nanoemulsions in the hydrogel matrices. In situ crystallization templates drug nanocrystals inside the polymeric core, while a kinetically stable amorphous solid dispersion is templated in the shell. Drug release is explored as a function of particle geometry, and programmable release is demonstrated for various therapeutic applications including delayed pulsatile release and sequential release of a model fixed-dose combination drug product of ibuprofen and fenofibrate. Independent control over drug loading between the shell and the core is demonstrated. This formulation approach is shown to be a flexible process to develop drug products with biocompatible materials, facile synthesis, and precise drug release performance. This work suggests and applies a novel method to leverage orthogonal gel chemistries to generate functional core-shell hydrogel particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Attia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Liang-Hsun Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Patrick S Doyle
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise, Singapore, 138602, Singapore
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5
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Arafat M, Sakkal M, Bostanudin MF, Alhanbali OA, Yuvaraju P, Beiram R, Sadek B, Akour A, AbuRuz S. Enteric-coating film effect on the delayed drug release of pantoprazole gastro-resistant generic tablets. F1000Res 2023; 12:1325. [PMID: 38596002 PMCID: PMC11002526 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.140607.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Enteric coating films in acidic labile tablets protect the drug molecule from the acidic environment of the stomach. However, variations in the excipients used in the coating formulation may affect their ability to provide adequate protection. This study is the first to investigate the potential effects of coating materials on the protective functionality of enteric coating films for pantoprazole (PNZ) generic tablets after their recall from the market. Methods: A comparative analysis was conducted between generic and branded PNZ products, using pure drug powder for identification. The in vitro release of the drug was evaluated in different pH media. The study also utilized various analytical and thermal techniques, including differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), and confocal Raman microscopy. Results: The in vitro assessment results revealed significant variations in the release profile for the generic product in acidic media at 120 min. DSC and TGA thermal profile analyses showed slight variation between the two products. XRD analysis exhibited a noticeable difference in peak intensity for the generic sample, while SEM revealed smaller particle sizes in the generic product. The obtained spectra profile for the generic product displayed significant variation in peaks and band intensity, possibly due to impurities. These findings suggest that the excipients used in the enteric coating film of the generic product may have affected its protective functionality, leading to premature drug release in acidic media. Additionally, the presence of polysorbate 80 (P-80) in the brand product might improve the properties of the enteric coating film due to its multi-functionality. Conclusions: In conclusion, the excipients used in the brand product demonstrated superior functionality in effectively protecting the drug molecule from acidic media through the enteric coating film, as compared to the generic version.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mosab Arafat
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, 64141, United Arab Emirates
| | - Molham Sakkal
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, 64141, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Othman Abdulrahim Alhanbali
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestinian Territory
| | - Priya Yuvaraju
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, 17666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rami Beiram
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, 17666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bassem Sadek
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, 17666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amal Akour
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, 17666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Salahdein AbuRuz
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, 17666, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Amman Governorate, 11942, Jordan
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6
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Kim H, Kirtane AR, Kim NY, Rajesh NU, Tang C, Ishida K, Hayward AM, Langer R, Traverso G. Gastrointestinal Delivery of an mRNA Vaccine Using Immunostimulatory Polymeric Nanoparticles. AAPS J 2023; 25:81. [PMID: 37589795 PMCID: PMC10845796 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-023-00844-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
mRNA vaccines can be translated into protein antigens, in vivo, to effectively induce humoral and cellular immunity against these proteins. While current mRNA vaccines have generated potent immune responses, the need for ultracold storage conditions (- 80 °C) and healthcare professionals to administer the vaccine through the parenteral route has somewhat limited their distribution in rural areas and developing countries. Overcoming these challenges stands to transform future deployment of mRNA vaccines. In this study, we developed an mRNA vaccine that can trigger a systemic immune response through administration via the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and is stable at 4 °C. A library of cationic branched poly(β-amino ester) (PBAE) polymers was synthesized and characterized, from which a polymer with high intracellular mRNA delivery efficiency and immune stimulation capacity was down-selected. mRNA vaccines made with the lead polymer-elicited cellular and humoral immunity in mice. Furthermore, lyophilization conditions of the formulation were optimized to enable storage under refrigeration. Our results suggest that PBAE nanoparticles are potent mRNA delivery platforms that can elicit B cell and T cell activation, including antigen-specific cellular and humoral responses. This system can serve as an easily administrable, potent oral mRNA vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjoon Kim
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusettes, 02139, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, 66047, USA
| | - Ameya R Kirtane
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusettes, 02139, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Na Yoon Kim
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusettes, 02139, USA
| | - Netra Unni Rajesh
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusettes, 02139, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
| | - Chaoyang Tang
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusettes, 02139, USA
| | - Keiko Ishida
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusettes, 02139, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Alison M Hayward
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusettes, 02139, USA
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusettes, 02139, USA
| | - Robert Langer
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusettes, 02139, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusettes, 02139, USA
| | - Giovanni Traverso
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusettes, 02139, USA.
- Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusettes, 02139, USA.
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7
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Chang HHR, Chen K, Lugtu-Pe JA, AL-Mousawi N, Zhang X, Bar-Shalom D, Kane A, Wu XY. Design and Optimization of a Nanoparticulate Pore Former as a Multifunctional Coating Excipient for pH Transition-Independent Controlled Release of Weakly Basic Drugs for Oral Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020547. [PMID: 36839869 PMCID: PMC9964771 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioavailability of weakly basic drugs may be disrupted by dramatic pH changes or unexpected pH alterations in the gastrointestinal tract. Conventional organic acids or enteric coating polymers cannot address this problem adequately because they leach out or dissolve prematurely, especially during controlled release applications. Thus, a non-leachable, multifunctional terpolymer nanoparticle (TPN) made of cross-linked poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA)-polysorbate 80-grafted-starch (PMAA-PS 80-g-St) was proposed to provide pH transition-independent release of a weakly basic drug, verapamil HCl (VER), by a rationally designed bilayer-coated controlled release bead formulation. The pH-responsive PMAA and cross-linker content in the TPN was first optimized to achieve the largest possible increase in medium uptake alongside the smallest decrease in drug release rate at pH 6.8, relative to pH 1.2. Such TPNs maintained an acidic microenvironmental pH (pHm) when loaded in ethylcellulose (EC) films, as measured using pH-indicating dyes. Further studies of formulations revealed that with the 1:2 VER:TPN ratio and 19% coating weight gain, bilayer-coated beads maintained a constant release rate over the pH transition and exhibited extended release up to 18 h. These results demonstrated that the multifunctional TPN as a pHm modifier and pH-dependent pore former could overcome the severe pH-dependent solubility of weakly basic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Han R. Chang
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Kuan Chen
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Jamie Anne Lugtu-Pe
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Nour AL-Mousawi
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Xuning Zhang
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Daniel Bar-Shalom
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Anil Kane
- Patheon by Thermo Fisher Scientific, Toronto Region Operations (TRO), Mississauga, ON L5N 3X4, Canada
| | - Xiao Yu Wu
- Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(416)-978-5272
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8
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Jiang B, Yu D, Zhang Y, Hamza T, Feng H, Hoag SW. Delivery of a therapeutic antibody to the lower gastrointestinal tract for the treatment of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). Pharm Dev Technol 2023; 28:232-239. [PMID: 36789978 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2023.2174553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
The colonic delivery system of toxin neutralizing antibody is a promising method for treating Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) and has some advantages over the parental administration of a neutralizing antibody. However, colonic delivery of biologics presents several challenges, including instability of biologics during encapsulation into the delivery system and harsh conditions in the upper GI tract. In this work, we described a multi-particulate delivery system encapsulating a tetra-valent antibody ABAB-IgG1 with the potential to treat CDI. This work first approved that the cecum injection of ABAB-IgG1 into the lower GI tract of mice could relieve the symptoms, enhance the clinical score, and improve the survival rate of mice during CDI. Then, the antibody was spray layered onto mannitol beads and then enteric coated with pH-sensitive polymers to achieve colon-targeting release. The in vitro release of antibody from the multi-particulate system and the pH-sensitive release of antibody was monitored. The in vivo efficacy of this system was further examined and confirmed in mice and hamsters. In summary, the findings of this study should provide practical information and potential treatment options for CDI through colonic delivery of antibody therapeutics to the lower GI tract using a multi-particulate delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dongyue Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yongrong Zhang
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Therwa Hamza
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hanping Feng
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA.,FZata Inc, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stephen W Hoag
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
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9
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Composition-Property Relationships of pH-Responsive Poly[(2-vinylpyridine)-co-(butyl methacrylate)] Copolymers for Reverse Enteric Coatings. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020454. [PMID: 36839776 PMCID: PMC9959453 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The taste-masking of bitter-tasting active pharmaceutical ingredients is key to ensuring patient compliance when producing oral pharmaceutical formulations. This is generally achieved via the incorporation of pH-responsive, reverse enteric polymers, that prevent the dissolution of the formulation in the oral environment, but rapidly mediate it within the gastric environment. Reverse enteric polymers are commonly applied as coatings on oral dosage forms via spray atomisation (e.g., fluidised-bed spray coating), and generally exhibit the most efficient taste-masking. However, currently used reverse enteric coatings require high mass gains (% w/w) during coating to mediate taste-masking, and thereby exhibit delayed release within the gastric environment. Therefore, there remains a need for the development of new reverse enteric coatings, that can efficiently taste-mask at low mass gains and maintain rapid release characteristics within the gastric environment. Herein we report the synthesis and evaluation of a series of addition copolymers of 2-vinylpyridine and butyl methacrylate, methyl methacrylate and isobornyl methacrylate. The thermal, solubility, and water absorption properties of the copolymers were effectively tuned by altering the mol% fraction of the constitutive monomers. Based on their physical properties, selected copolymers were preliminarily evaluated for their compatibility with fluidised-bed spray coating, and effectiveness as taste-masking reverse enteric coatings. The copolymers poly[(2-vinylpyridine)-co-(butyl methacrylate)] (mol% ratio 40:60) and poly[(2-vinylpyridine)-co-(butyl methacrylate)-co-(methyl methacrylate)] (mol% ratio 40:50:10) were found to exhibit excellent taste-masking properties following fluidised-bed spray coating onto Suglets® sugar spheres. Suglets® bearing a film coating of either copolymer (5.2-6.5% w/w mass gain) were found to effectively impede the release of a model drug formulation for up to 72 h in a simulated salivary environment, and rapidly release it (<10 min) within a simulated gastric environment. The results demonstrated the potential of poly[(2-vinylpyridine)-co-(butyl methacrylate)] copolymers to form effectively taste-masked, reverse enteric dosage forms, and suggested that these copolymers may provide improved performance compared to currently available polymers.
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10
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Interactions between Dietary Micronutrients, Composition of the Microbiome and Efficacy of Immunotherapy in Cancer Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225577. [PMID: 36428677 PMCID: PMC9688200 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The effectiveness of immunotherapy in cancer patients depends on the activity of the host's immune system. The intestinal microbiome is a proven immune system modulator, which plays an important role in the development of many cancers and may affect the effectiveness of anti-cancer therapy. The richness of certain bacteria in the gut microbiome (e.g., Bifidobacterium spp., Akkermanisa muciniphila and Enterococcus hire) improves anti-tumor specific immunity and the response to anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy by activating antigen-presenting cells and cytotoxic T cells within the tumor. Moreover, micronutrients affect directly the activities of the immune system or regulate their function by influencing the composition of the microbiome. Therefore, micronutrients can significantly influence the effectiveness of immunotherapy and the development of immunorelated adverse events. In this review, we describe the relationship between the supply of microelements and the abundance of various bacteria in the intestinal microbiome and the effectiveness of immunotherapy in cancer patients. We also point to the function of the immune system in the case of shifts in the composition of the microbiome and disturbances in the supply of microelements. This may in the future become a therapeutic target supporting the effects of immunotherapy in cancer patients.
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11
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Effects of Microencapsulated Sodium Butyrate, Probiotics and Short Chain Fructooligosaccharides in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Study Protocol of a Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11216587. [DOI: 10.3390/jcm11216587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disease in the pathogenesis of which gut dysbiosis may play an important role. Thus, probiotics, prebiotics, or microbiota metabolites, such as butyric acid, are considered to be effective therapy for IBS. However, there are still no trials presenting the efficacy of these three biotic components administered simultaneously. This study aims to evaluate the effects of the product comprising sodium butyrate, probiotics, and short-chain fructooligosaccharides (scFOS) on the severity of clinical IBS symptoms and the quality of life (IBS-QOL). This is a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial conducted in 120 adults with IBS diagnosed according to Rome IV criteria. The intervention group (n = 60) will receive a mixture of the following components: 300 mg of colon-targeted microencapsulated sodium butyrate combined with probiotic Lactobacillus strains (L. rhamnosus and L. acidophilus) and Bifidobacterium strains (B. longum, B. bifidum, B. lactis), and 64 mg of prebiotic scFOS. The control group (n = 60) will receive a placebo (maltodextrin). The primary outcomes will be changes in IBS symptoms with the use of the IBS-Severity Scoring System (IBS-SSS), IBS-Global Improvement Scale (IBS-GIS), IBS-Adequate Relief (IBS-AR), and IBS-QOL after 12 weeks of intervention. The secondary outcomes will be the type of stools, patient-recorded symptoms, adverse events, anthropometric and nutritional parameters, and inflammatory cytokine levels. The findings will provide the first evidence of the use of a combination of three biotic compounds in IBS. The study was registered in the clinicaltrials.gov registry under the number NCT05013060.
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Sodium Butyrate Effectiveness in Children and Adolescents with Newly Diagnosed Inflammatory Bowel Diseases—Randomized Placebo-Controlled Multicenter Trial. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14163283. [PMID: 36014789 PMCID: PMC9414716 DOI: 10.3390/nu14163283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Butyric acid’s effectiveness has not yet been assessed in the pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) population. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of oral sodium butyrate as an add-on to standard therapy in children and adolescents with newly diagnosed IBD. Methods: This was a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled multicenter study. Patients aged 6–18 years with colonic Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis, who received standard therapy depending on the disease’s severity, were randomized to receive 150 mg sodium butyrate twice a day (group A) or placebo (group B). The primary outcome was the difference in disease activity and fecal calprotectin concentration between the two study groups measured at 12 weeks of the study. Results: In total, 72 patients with initially active disease completed the study, 29 patients in group A and 43 in group B. At week 12 of the study, the majority of patients achieved remission. No difference in remission rate or median disease activity was found between the two groups (p = 0.37 and 0.31, respectively). None of the patients reported adverse events. Conclusions: A 12-week supplementation with sodium butyrate, as adjunctive therapy, did not show efficacy in newly diagnosed children and adolescents with IBD.
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Development and Comparison of Various Coated Hard Capsules Suitable for Enteric Administration to Small Patient Cohorts. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081577. [PMID: 36015203 PMCID: PMC9414254 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmaceutical technology offers several options for protecting substances from acidic environments, such as encapsulation in enteric capsules or dosage form with enteric coating. However, commercial enteric capsules do not always meet limits for pharmacopeial delayed release, and the coating process is generally challenging. Preparing small enteric batches suitable for clinical use is, therefore, an unsolved problem. This experiment offers a simple coating process of DRcapsTM capsules based on hypromellose (HPMC) and gellan gum to achieve small intestine administration. In addition, DRcapsTM capsules were compared to hard gelatin capsules to evaluate the suitability of the coating method. Both capsules were immersed in dispersions of Eudragit® S 100, Acryl-EZE®, and Cellacefate at concentrations of 10.0, 15.0, and 20.0% and dried. Coated capsules were evaluated by electron microscopy, disintegration, and dissolution test with a two-step pH change (from 1.2 to 6.8, then to 7.5) to simulate passage through the digestive tract. DRcapsTM capsules coated with Eudragit® S and Cellacefate achieved acid resistance. While samples coated with Eudragit® S released their contents within 360 min at pH 6.8 (small intestine), regardless of polymer concentration, capsules with 15.0 and 20.0% coatings of Cellacefate released content at pH 7.5 (colon) within 435 and 495 min, respectively.
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Xie Y, Fontenot L, Chupina Estrada A, Nelson B, Wang J, Shih DQ, Ho W, Mattai SA, Rieder F, Jensen DD, Bunnett NW, Koon HW. Elafin Reverses Intestinal Fibrosis by Inhibiting Cathepsin S-Mediated Protease-Activated Receptor 2. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 14:841-876. [PMID: 35840034 PMCID: PMC9425040 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS More than half of Crohn's disease patients develop intestinal fibrosis-induced intestinal strictures. Elafin is a human protease inhibitor that is down-regulated in the stricturing intestine of Crohn's disease patients. We investigated the efficacy of elafin in reversing intestinal fibrosis and elucidated its mechanism of action. METHODS We developed a new method to mimic a stricturing Crohn's disease environment and induce fibrogenesis using stricturing Crohn's disease patient-derived serum exosomes to condition fresh human intestinal tissues and primary stricturing Crohn's disease patient-derived intestinal fibroblasts. Three mouse models of intestinal fibrosis, including SAMP1/YitFc mice, Salmonella-infected mice, and trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-treated mice, were also studied. Elafin-Eudragit FS30D formulation and elafin-overexpressing construct and lentivirus were used. RESULTS Elafin reversed collagen synthesis in human intestinal tissues and fibroblasts pretreated with Crohn's disease patient-derived serum exosomes. Proteome arrays identified cathepsin S as a novel fibroblast-derived pro-fibrogenic protease. Elafin directly suppressed cathepsin S activity to inhibit protease-activated receptor 2 activity and Zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 expression, leading to reduced collagen expression in intestinal fibroblasts. Elafin overexpression reversed ileal fibrosis in SAMP1/YitFc mice, cecal fibrosis in Salmonella-infected mice, and colonic fibrosis in trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-treated mice. Cathepsin S, protease-activated receptor 2 agonist, and zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 overexpression abolished the anti-fibrogenic effect of elafin in fibroblasts and all 3 mouse models of intestinal fibrosis. Oral elafin-Eudragit FS30D treatment abolished colonic fibrosis in trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-treated mice. CONCLUSIONS Elafin suppresses collagen synthesis in intestinal fibroblasts via cathepsin S-dependent protease-activated receptor 2 inhibition and decreases zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 expression. The reduced collagen synthesis leads to the reversal of intestinal fibrosis. Thus, modified elafin may be a therapeutic approach for intestinal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xie
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California,Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Lindsey Fontenot
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Andrea Chupina Estrada
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Becca Nelson
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jiani Wang
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California,Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China
| | - David Q. Shih
- F. Widjaja Foundation, Inflammatory Bowel & Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Wendy Ho
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - S. Anjani Mattai
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Florian Rieder
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Dane D. Jensen
- Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York
| | - Nigel W. Bunnett
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University, New York, New York
| | - Hon Wai Koon
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
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Jing Z, Ma Y, Zhu J. Application of electrostatic dry powder coating technology on capsules to achieve sustained release. POWDER TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2022.117786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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16
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Limoee M, Allahdad M, Samadian H, Bahrami G, Pourmanouchehri Z, Hosseinzadeh L, Mohammadi B, Vosoughi A, Forouhar K, Behbood L. Preparation and Evaluation of Extended-Release Nanofibers Loaded with Pramipexole as a Novel Oral Drug Delivery System: Hybridization of Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Polymers. J Pharm Innov 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-022-09625-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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17
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Jing Z, Ma Y, Zhu J. Application of a novel electrostatic dry powder coating technology on capsules for enteric release. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.103058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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18
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Design, Preparation, and Evaluation of Enteric Coating Formulation of HPMC and Eudragit L100 on Carboxylated Agarose Hydrogel by Using Drug Tartrazine. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:1042253. [PMID: 35127935 PMCID: PMC8816555 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1042253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Enteric-coated application on drug is used to prevent the drug from inactivation which are degraded by gastric enzyme. The present study is aimed at achieving controlled drug delivery in acidic medium of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) by enteric coating of hydroxy propyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and Eudragit L100 on carboxylated agarose hydrogel, creating a pH-dependent delivery system. Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was for the detection of carboxylic group on agarose hydrogel, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used for the determination surface of prepared formulation. To check the pH sensitivity of enteric-coated formulation, different pH solution was used. It was found that the formulation was not dissolved in 1.2 but dissolve in pH 6.8 similarly; hydrogels lacking coating showed that tartrazine was more dissolved in pH 1.2, and less dissolved at pH 6.8. The release of tartrazine from the hydrogels was measured by using spectrophotometer and using a scanning electron microscope to examine the morphology and surface appearance of hydrogel capsules. This study revealed cracks on coated samples, while noncoated samples showed clear appearance with no cracks. Our findings revealed that this method could be useful for the development of an enteric coating drug delivery system.
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19
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Sulaiman S, Gershkovich P, Hoad CL, Calladine M, Spiller RC, Stolnik S, Marciani L. Application of In Vivo MRI Imaging to Track a Coated Capsule and Its Disintegration in the Gastrointestinal Tract in Human Volunteers. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020270. [PMID: 35214003 PMCID: PMC8879863 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral specially coated formulations have the potential to improve treatment outcomes of a range of diseases in distal intestinal tract whilst limiting systemic drug absorption and adverse effects. Their development is challenging, partly because of limited knowledge of the physiological and pathological distal gastrointestinal factors, including colonic chyme fluid distribution and motor function. Recently, non-invasive techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have started to provide novel important insights. In this feasibility study, we formulated a coated capsule consisting of a hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) shell, coated with a synthetic polymer based on polymethacrylate-based copolymer (Eudragit®) that can withstand the upper gastrointestinal tract conditions. The capsule was filled with olive oil as MRI-visible marker fluid. This allowed us to test the ability of MRI to track such a coated capsule in the gastrointestinal tract and to assess whether it is possible to image its loss of integrity by exploiting the ability of MRI to image fat and water separately and in combination. Ten healthy participants were administered capsules with varying amounts of coating and underwent MRI imaging of the gastrointestinal tract at 45 min intervals. The results indicate that it is feasible to track the capsules present in the gastrointestinal tract at different locations, as they were detected in all 10 participants. By the 360 min endpoint of the study, in nine participants the capsules were imaged in the small bowel, in eight participants in the terminal ileum, and in four in the colon. Loss of capsule integrity was observed in eight participants, occurring predominantly in distal intestinal regions. The data indicate that the described approach could be applied to assess performance of oral formulations in undisturbed distal gastrointestinal regions, without the need for ionizing radiation or contrast agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Sulaiman
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; (S.S.); (R.C.S.)
| | - Pavel Gershkovich
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2QL, UK; (P.G.); (M.C.); (S.S.)
| | - Caroline L. Hoad
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2QX, UK;
| | - Matthew Calladine
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2QL, UK; (P.G.); (M.C.); (S.S.)
| | - Robin C. Spiller
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; (S.S.); (R.C.S.)
| | - Snow Stolnik
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2QL, UK; (P.G.); (M.C.); (S.S.)
| | - Luca Marciani
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; (S.S.); (R.C.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-11-5823-1248
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20
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Vattanagijyingyong Y, Kulvanich P, Chatchawalsaisin J. Fabrication of delayed release hard capsule shells from zein/methacrylic acid copolymer blends. Eur J Pharm Sci 2022; 171:106124. [PMID: 35017013 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2022.106124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Hard capsule shells with an inherent delayed release action are useful for oral administration of active ingredients, which are acid-labile and/or enzymatically degradable in the gastric environment, without the need of film coating. The objective of this study was to fabricate delayed release hard capsule shells by the dip coating method. The film coating formulations comprised blends of zein and methacrylic acid copolymer (Eudragit® L100-55), with and without the addition of the plasticizer, polyethylene glycol 1000. The rheology parameters (loss modulus (G'), storage modulus (G") and loss tangent (tan δ, G"/G')) of the film coating solution were measured to investigate the processability. Central composite design was used to investigate the main, interaction and quadratic effects of the proportion of methacrylic acid copolymer, solid content of the film formers and level of polyethylene glycol 1000 on the capsule wall thickness and mechanical strength. Multiple response optimization was further conducted, and the design space was established. The in vitro drug release in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids of three different formulations in the design space was compared. The results showed that the tan δ value after the gelation point should be < 0.9 in order to form a thin and sturdy capsule shell. The gelation time and viscosity of the coating solution were related to the thickness of the capsule shell. The study showed that drug release from the capsule with a specified thickness and mechanical strength can be modulated by varying the ratio of zein to methacrylic acid copolymer. The delayed drug release profile was achieved through the capsule shell fabricated from zein to methacrylic acid copolymer at the ratios of 75:25 and 83.2:16.8, with 10% polyethylene glycol 1000.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yada Vattanagijyingyong
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Poj Kulvanich
- Chulalongkorn University Drug and Health Products Innovation Promotion Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Jittima Chatchawalsaisin
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Chulalongkorn University Drug and Health Products Innovation Promotion Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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21
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Pham VT, Fehlbaum S, Seifert N, Richard N, Bruins MJ, Sybesma W, Rehman A, Steinert RE. Effects of colon-targeted vitamins on the composition and metabolic activity of the human gut microbiome- a pilot study. Gut Microbes 2022; 13:1-20. [PMID: 33615992 PMCID: PMC7899684 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1875774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
An increasing body of evidence has shown that gut microbiota imbalances are linked to diseases. Currently, the possibility of regulating gut microbiota to reverse these perturbations by developing novel therapeutic and preventive strategies is being extensively investigated. The modulatory effect of vitamins on the gut microbiome and related host health benefits remain largely unclear. We investigated the effects of colon-delivered vitamins A, B2, C, D, and E on the gut microbiota using a human clinical study and batch fermentation experiments, in combination with cell models for the assessment of barrier and immune functions. Vitamins C, B2, and D may modulate the human gut microbiome in terms of metabolic activity and bacterial composition. The most distinct effect was that of vitamin C, which significantly increased microbial alpha diversity and fecal short-chain fatty acids compared to the placebo. The remaining vitamins tested showed similar effects on microbial diversity, composition, and/or metabolic activity in vitro, but in varying degrees. Here, we showed that vitamins may modulate the human gut microbiome. Follow-up studies investigating targeted delivery of vitamins to the colon may help clarify the clinical significance of this novel concept for treating and preventing dysbiotic microbiota-related human diseases. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03668964. Registered 13 September 2018 - Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03668964.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van T. Pham
- R&D Human Nutrition and Health, DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., Basel, Switzerland,CONTACT Van T. Pham Wurmisweg 576, 4303 Kaiseraugst203/117A+41 618 158 828
| | - Sophie Fehlbaum
- R&D Human Nutrition and Health, DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Seifert
- R&D Human Nutrition and Health, DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Richard
- R&D Human Nutrition and Health, DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Maaike J. Bruins
- R&D Human Nutrition and Health, DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Wilbert Sybesma
- R&D Human Nutrition and Health, DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ateequr Rehman
- R&D Human Nutrition and Health, DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Robert E. Steinert
- R&D Human Nutrition and Health, DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., Basel, Switzerland,Department of Surgery, Division of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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22
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Mustafa WW, Fletcher J, Khoder M, Alany RG. Solid Dispersions of Gefitinib Prepared by Spray Drying with Improved Mucoadhesive and Drug Dissolution Properties. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:48. [PMID: 34984564 PMCID: PMC8816420 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-02187-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gefitinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that is intended for oral administration yet suffers poor bioavailability along with undesirable side effects. To enhance its solubility and allow colon targeting, gefitinib (ZD) and blends of different ratios of polymers (ternary dispersion) were prepared in organic solution, and solid dispersions were generated employing the spray drying (SD) technique. The methylmethacrylate polymer Eudragit S 100 was incorporated for colon targeting; polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) were utilised to improve the solubility of ZD. SEM, DSC, XRPD, FT-IR, dissolution and cytotoxicity studies were undertaken to characterise and evaluate the developed formulations. SEM images revealed that the rod-shaped crystals of ZD were transformed into collapsed spheres with smaller particle size in the spray-dried particles. DSC, FTIR and XRPD studies showed that ZD loaded in the spray-dried dispersions was amorphous. ZD dissolution and release studies revealed that while a significant (P < 0.05) increase in the ZD dissolution and release was observed from HPMC-based solid dispersion at pH 7.2 (up to 95% in 15 h), practically no drug was released at pH 1.2 and pH 6.5. Furthermore, the HPMC-based solid dispersions displayed enhanced mucoadhesive properties compared with PVP-based ones. Interestingly, cell viability studies using the neutral red assay showed that PVP and HPMC-based solid dispersions had no additional inhibitory effect on Caco-2 cell line compared to the pure drug.
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23
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Zhang S, Xu X, Sun W, Zhang Z, Pan B, Hu Q. Enteric and hydrophilic polymers enhance dissolution and absorption of poorly soluble acidic drugs based on micro-environmental pH-modifying solid dispersion. Eur J Pharm Sci 2022; 168:106074. [PMID: 34798261 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.106074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) is often inadequate for the desired therapeutic effect. Micro-environmental pH-modifying solid dispersion (micro pHm SD) is an effective method for enhancing the dissolution of pH-dependent soluble APIs. However, erratic bioavailability of these drugs was often found when the micro pHm SD of the drugs was orally administrated and passed through the gastrointestinal tract. Because the added alkalizer in micro pHm SD could be neutralized by the acid in the stomach, as a result not enough alkalizer is left to form alkaline micro-environment around the drug in the intestine, leading to poor dissolution and bioavailability of API. Enteric polymers are applicable materials for site-specific drug delivery that are insoluble in gastric tract but soluble in the intestine targeted for drug release. In this study, a poorly water-soluble model drug, toltrazuril (TOL), was prepared as enteric micro pHm SD with enteric, hydrophilic polymers and alkalizer. The surface of enteric micro pHm SD tablets staining and alkalizer protection test in the acid dissolution medium qualitatively and quantitatively confirmed the protective effects of the enteric polymer on the alkalizer. Dissolution studies revealed that the drug release from the enteric micro pHm SDs was improved significantly compared with micro pHm SD with no enteric polymer. The pH-dependent solubility of enteric polymer had effects on the dissolution of APIs from the SDs in neutral medium. Enteric micro pHm SDs with higher proportion of enteric polymer showed higher Cmax and dissolution rate of TOL. The physicochemical characterization and the molecular interaction between drug and matrix were analyzed by electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), finding that the formation of hydrogen bonds between TOL and matrix was helpful to promote dissolution of TOL. Ca(OH)2-TOL-PVPk30-HPMCAS 8: 8: 18: 6 was determined as the most optimal enteric micro pHm SD, which significantly improved the bioavailability of TOL and its active metabolism (TOLSO, TOLSO2) in pharmacokinetic study and could effectively reduce the irritation of the gastrointestinal mucosa caused by the alkalizer Ca(OH)2 when the SD was orally administrated to rabbits. The present study demonstrates that formulating APIs with poor water solubility as enteric micro pHm SD is an effective method for protecting the alkalizer in SD and improving the dissolution of APIs and the bioavailability following oral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shudong Zhang
- The Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Generic Drugs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Analysis and Evaluation on Chinese Medicine, Beijing Institute for Drug Control, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xiaolin Xu
- The Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Institute of Animal Quarantine, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Weiwei Sun
- The Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Generic Drugs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Analysis and Evaluation on Chinese Medicine, Beijing Institute for Drug Control, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Baoliang Pan
- The Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Qin Hu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Generic Drugs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Analysis and Evaluation on Chinese Medicine, Beijing Institute for Drug Control, Beijing 102206, China
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Syed SM, Rathi PV, Gawale KG, Hamde DC. Formulation and evaluation of pH activated dosage form as minitablets in capsule for delivery of fesoterodine. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2021; 17:72-81. [PMID: 35140568 PMCID: PMC8802851 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2021.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Methodology Results Conclusion
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoaeb M. Syed
- Corresponding address: Dr. Vedprakash Patil Pharmacy College, Aurangabad MS, India 431005.
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Pham VT, Dold S, Rehman A, Bird JK, Steinert RE. Vitamins, the gut microbiome and gastrointestinal health in humans. Nutr Res 2021; 95:35-53. [PMID: 34798467 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiome plays important roles in the maintenance of host health and the pathogenesis of many diseases. Diet is a key modulator of the gut microbiome. There is increasing evidence that nutrients other than fermentable fiber affect the gut microbial composition. In this review, we discuss the effects of vitamins on the gut microbiome, and related gastrointestinal health, based on in vitro, animal and human studies. Some vitamins, when provided in large doses or when delivered to the large intestine, have been shown to beneficially modulate the gut microbiome by increasing the abundance of presumed commensals (vitamins A, B2, D, E, and beta-carotene), increasing or maintaining microbial diversity (vitamins A, B2, B3, C, K) and richness (vitamin D), increasing short chain fatty acid production (vitamin C), or increasing the abundance of short chain fatty acid producers (vitamins B2, E). Others, such as vitamins A and D, modulate the gut immune response or barrier function, thus, indirectly influencing gastrointestinal health or the microbiome. Future research is needed to explore these potential effects and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and host health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van T Pham
- DSM Nutritional Products, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland.
| | - Susanne Dold
- DSM Nutritional Products, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Robert E Steinert
- DSM Nutritional Products, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland; Department of Surgery, Division of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Tyagi P, Trivedi R, Pechenov S, Patel C, Revell J, Wills S, Huang Y, Rosenbaum AI, Subramony JA. Targeted oral peptide delivery using multi-unit particulates: Drug and permeation enhancer layering approach. J Control Release 2021; 338:784-791. [PMID: 34499981 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Oral delivery of peptides is a challenge due to their instability and their limited transport and absorption characteristics within the gastrointestinal tract. In this work, we used layering techniques in a fluidized bed dryer to create a configuration in which the active peptide, permeation enhancers, and polymers are coated to control the release of the peptide. Formulations were developed to disintegrate at pH values of 5.5 and 7.0. In addition, sustained-release or mucoadhesive polymers were coated to trigger release at a desired site in the gastrointestinal tract. Dissolution studies with a USP Type I (basket) apparatus confirmed the duration of release. Pharmacokinetic studies were performed in beagle dogs to evaluate bioavailability. A high-disintegration pH was found to be advantageous in enhancing bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puneet Tyagi
- Dosage Form Design and Development, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | | | - Sergei Pechenov
- Dosage Form Design and Development, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Chandresh Patel
- Dosage Form Design and Development, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Jefferson Revell
- Antibody Discovery & Protein Engineering, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sarah Wills
- Bioscience Metabolism, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Yue Huang
- Integrated Bioanalysis, Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Anton I Rosenbaum
- Integrated Bioanalysis, Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - J Anand Subramony
- Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
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The evolution of commercial drug delivery technologies. Nat Biomed Eng 2021; 5:951-967. [PMID: 33795852 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-021-00698-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 469] [Impact Index Per Article: 156.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Drug delivery technologies have enabled the development of many pharmaceutical products that improve patient health by enhancing the delivery of a therapeutic to its target site, minimizing off-target accumulation and facilitating patient compliance. As therapeutic modalities expanded beyond small molecules to include nucleic acids, peptides, proteins and antibodies, drug delivery technologies were adapted to address the challenges that emerged. In this Review Article, we discuss seminal approaches that led to the development of successful therapeutic products involving small molecules and macromolecules, identify three drug delivery paradigms that form the basis of contemporary drug delivery and discuss how they have aided the initial clinical successes of each class of therapeutic. We also outline how the paradigms will contribute to the delivery of live-cell therapies.
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Marzorati M, Calatayud M, Rotsaert C, Van Mele M, Duysburgh C, Durkee S, White T, Fowler K, Jannin V, Bellamine A. Comparison of protection and release behavior of different capsule polymer combinations based on L. acidophilus survivability and function and caffeine release. Int J Pharm 2021; 607:120977. [PMID: 34384885 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oral administration of active pharmaceutical ingredients, nutraceuticals, enzymes or probiotics requires an appropriate delivery system for optimal bioactivity and absorption. The harsh conditions during the gastrointestinal transit can degrade the administered products, hampering their efficacy. Enteric or delayed-release pharmaceutical formulations may help overcome these issues. In a Simulator of Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem model (SHIME) and using caffeine as a marker for release kinetics and L. acidophilus survivability as an indicator for protection, we compared the performance of ten capsule configurations, single or DUOCAP® combinations. The function of L. acidophilus and its impact on the gut microbiota was further tested in three selected capsule types, combinations of DRcaps® capsule in DRcaps® capsule (DR-in-DR) and DRcaps® capsule in Vcaps® capsule (DR-in-VC) and single Vcaps® Plus capsule under colonic conditions. We found that under stomach and small intestine conditions, DR-in-DR and DR-in-VC led to the best performance both under fed and fasted conditions based on the slow caffeine release and the highest L. acidophilus survivability. The Vcaps® Plus capsule however, led to the quickest caffeine and probiotic release. When DR-in-DR, DR-in-VC and single Vcaps® Plus capsules were tested through the whole gastrointestinal tract, including under colonic conditions, caffeine release was found to be slower in capsules containing DRcaps® capsules compared to the single Vcaps® capsules. In addition, colonic survival of L. acidophilus was significantly increased under fasted conditions in DR-in-DR or DR-in-VC formulation compared to Vcaps® Plus capsule. To assess the impact of these formulations on the microbial function, acetate, butyrate and propionate as well as ammonia were measured. L. acidophilus released from DR-in-DR or DR-in-VC induced a significant increase in butyrate and a decrease in ammonia, suggesting a proliferation of butyrate-producing bacteria and reduction in ammonia-producing bacteria. These data suggest that L. acidophilus included in DR-in-DR or DR-in-VC reaching the colon is viable and functional, potentially contributing to changes in colonic microbiota composition and diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Marzorati
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; ProDigest bvba, Technologiepark 82, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marta Calatayud
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; ProDigest bvba, Technologiepark 82, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Shane Durkee
- Capsules and Health Ingredients Lonza Inc, 412, Morristown, NJ, USA
| | - Tyler White
- Capsules and Health Ingredients Lonza Inc, 412, Morristown, NJ, USA
| | - Kelli Fowler
- Capsules and Health Ingredients Lonza Inc, 412, Morristown, NJ, USA
| | - Vincent Jannin
- Lonza Capsules and Health Ingredients, 10 rue Timken, 68000 Colmar, France.
| | - Aouatef Bellamine
- Capsules and Health Ingredients Lonza Inc, 412, Morristown, NJ, USA.
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Arnal ME, Denis S, Uriot O, Lambert C, Holowacz S, Paul F, Kuylle S, Pereira B, Alric M, Blanquet-Diot S. Impact of oral galenic formulations of Lactobacillus salivarius on probiotic survival and interactions with microbiota in human in vitro gut models. Benef Microbes 2021; 12:75-90. [PMID: 34109893 DOI: 10.3920/bm2020.0187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Health benefits of probiotics in humans essentially depend on their ability to survive during gastrointestinal (GI) transit and to modulate gut microbiota. To date, there is few data on the impact of galenic formulations of probiotics on these parameters. Even if clinical studies remain the gold standard to evaluate the efficacy of galenic forms, they stay hampered by technical, ethical and cost reasons. As an alternative approach, we used two complementary in vitro models of the human gut, the TNO gastrointestinal (TIM-1) model and the Artificial Colon (ARCOL), to study the effect of three oral formulations of a Lactobacillus salivarius strain (powder, capsule and sustained-release tablet) on its viability and interactions with gut microbiota. In the TIM-1 stomach, no or low numbers of bacteria were respectively released from the capsule and tablet, confirming their gastro-resistance. The capsule was disintegrated in the jejunum on average 76 min after administration while the core of sustained-release tablet was still intact at the end of digestion. Viability in TIM-1 was significantly influenced by the galenic form with survival percentages of 0.003±0.004%, 2.8±0.6% and 17.0±1.8% (n=3) for powder, capsule and tablet, respectively. In the ARCOL, the survival of the strain tended to be higher in the post-treatment phase with the tablet compared to capsule, but gut microbiota composition and activity were not differently modulated by the two formulations. In conclusion, the sustained-release tablet emerged as the formulation that most effectively preserved viability of the tested strain during GI passage. This study highlights the usefulness of in vitro gut models for the pre-screening of probiotic pharmaceutical forms. Their use could also easily be extended to the evaluation of the effects of food matrices and age on probiotic survival and activity during GI transit.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Arnal
- Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR 454 MEDIS, Microbiologie Environnement Digestif et Santé, 28 place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - S Denis
- Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR 454 MEDIS, Microbiologie Environnement Digestif et Santé, 28 place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - O Uriot
- Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR 454 MEDIS, Microbiologie Environnement Digestif et Santé, 28 place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - C Lambert
- University Hospital Clermont-Ferrand, Biostatistics Units, 58, rue Montalembert, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - S Holowacz
- PiLeJe Industrie, Parc Naturopôle, Les Tiolans 03800 Saint-Bonnet de Rochefort, France
| | - F Paul
- Genibio, Le Pradas, ZI du Couserans, 09190 Lorp-Sentaraille, France
| | - S Kuylle
- Genibio, Le Pradas, ZI du Couserans, 09190 Lorp-Sentaraille, France
| | - B Pereira
- University Hospital Clermont-Ferrand, Biostatistics Units, 58, rue Montalembert, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - M Alric
- Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR 454 MEDIS, Microbiologie Environnement Digestif et Santé, 28 place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - S Blanquet-Diot
- Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR 454 MEDIS, Microbiologie Environnement Digestif et Santé, 28 place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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In vitro and in vivo comparison of microcontainers and microspheres for oral drug delivery. Int J Pharm 2021; 600:120516. [PMID: 33775722 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Microcontainers, which are microfabricated cylindrical devices with a reservoir function, have shown promise as an oral drug delivery system for small molecular drug compounds. However, they have never been evaluated against a relevant control formulation. In the current study, we prepared microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) microspheres as a control for in vitro and in vivo testing of SU-8 microcontainers as an oral drug delivery system. Both dosage forms were loaded with paracetamol and coated with chitosan or polyethylene glycol (PEG) (12 kDa). These coatings were followed by an additional enteric coating of Eudragit® S100. In addition, a control dosage form was coated with Eudragit® alone. The dosage forms were evaluated in vitro, in a physiologically relevant two-step model simulating rat gastrointestinal fluids, and in vivo by oral administration to rats. In vitro, the microcontainers coated with PEG/Eudragit® resulted in a prolonged release of paracetamol compared to the respective microspheres, which was consistent with in vivo observations of a later time (Tmax) for maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) for the microcontainers. For microspheres and microcontainers coated with chitosan/Eudragit®, the time for complete in vitro release of paracetamol was very similar, due to an earlier release from the microcontainers. This trend was supported by very similar Tmax values in vivo. The in vitro in vivo relation was confirmed by a linear regression with R2 = 0.9, when Tmax for each dosage form was plotted as a function of time for 90% paracetamol release in vitro. From the in vivo study, the average plasma concentration of paracetamol 120 min after dosing was significantly higher for microcontainers than for microspheres (0.3 ± 0.1 µg/mL and 0.1 ± <0.1 µg/mL, respectively) - regardless of the coating applied.
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He C, Wang H, Yang Y, Huang Y, Zhang X, Arowo M, Ye J, Zhang N, Xiao M. Drying Behavior and Kinetics of Drying Process of Plant-Based Enteric Hard Capsules. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13030335. [PMID: 33807531 PMCID: PMC7998449 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13030335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The drying process is a significant step in the manufacturing process of enteric hard capsules, which affects the physical and chemical properties of the capsules. Thus, the drying characteristics of plant-based enteric hard capsules were investigated at a constant air velocity of 2 m/s in a bench scale hot-air dryer under a temperature range of 25 to 45 °C and relative humidity of 40 to 80%. Results indicate that the drying process of the capsules mainly occur in a falling-rate period, implying that moisture transfer in the capsules is governed by internal moisture diffusion rate. High temperature and low relative humidity reduce drying time but increase the drying rate of the capsules. Investigation results of the mechanical properties and storage stability of the capsules, however, reveal that a fast drying rate leads to plant-based enteric hard capsules of low quality. Scanning electron microscopy further demonstrates that more layered cracks appear in capsules produced under a faster drying rate. The Page model yielded the best fit for describing thin-layer drying of the capsules based on the coefficient of determination and reduced chi-square. Moreover, it was established that the effective moisture diffusivity of the capsules increases with an increase in drying temperature or reduction in relative humidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuqi He
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China; (C.H.); (H.W.); (Y.Y.); (Y.H.); (X.Z.); (J.Y.)
- Xiamen Engineering and Technological Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Haodong Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China; (C.H.); (H.W.); (Y.Y.); (Y.H.); (X.Z.); (J.Y.)
- Xiamen Engineering and Technological Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yucheng Yang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China; (C.H.); (H.W.); (Y.Y.); (Y.H.); (X.Z.); (J.Y.)
- Xiamen Engineering and Technological Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yayan Huang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China; (C.H.); (H.W.); (Y.Y.); (Y.H.); (X.Z.); (J.Y.)
- Xiamen Engineering and Technological Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Xueqin Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China; (C.H.); (H.W.); (Y.Y.); (Y.H.); (X.Z.); (J.Y.)
- Xiamen Engineering and Technological Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Moses Arowo
- Department of Chemical & Process Engineering, Moi University, 3900-30100 Eldoret, Kenya;
| | - Jing Ye
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China; (C.H.); (H.W.); (Y.Y.); (Y.H.); (X.Z.); (J.Y.)
- Xiamen Engineering and Technological Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Na Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China; (C.H.); (H.W.); (Y.Y.); (Y.H.); (X.Z.); (J.Y.)
- Xiamen Engineering and Technological Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen 361021, China
- Correspondence: (N.Z.); (M.X.)
| | - Meitian Xiao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China; (C.H.); (H.W.); (Y.Y.); (Y.H.); (X.Z.); (J.Y.)
- Xiamen Engineering and Technological Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen 361021, China
- Correspondence: (N.Z.); (M.X.)
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Nirale P, Arora S, Solanki A, Bhat J, Singh RK, Yadav KS. Liquid filled hard shell capsules: Current drug delivery influencing pharmaceutical technology. Curr Drug Deliv 2021; 19:238-249. [PMID: 33645480 DOI: 10.2174/1567201818666210301094400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Gastric absorption apparently is upfront route for drug delivery as it is convenient, economic and mostly suitable for getting the desired systemic effects. Unfortunately, many traditional and newer generation drugs suffer from poor solubility and thereby have lower bioavailability. With a perspective of bringing a novel delivery system in such condition for old/existing/new drugs, liquid filled hard capsules hold promise as delivery system. METHODS An organized state-of-the-art literature review including patents was done to accommodate information on the innovations in technology, processes and applications in the field of liquid filling in hard shell capsules. RESULTS The review findings revealed the importance of understanding the impact of liquid filled hard shell capsules would have in use of complex drug molecules specially the ones sensitive to light and moisture. This technology can have diverse functions to be used for both immediate and delayed drug release. Technology point of view the band sealing in such hard-shell capsules helps in providing protection against the tampering of the filled capsule. CONCLUSION The review gives an insight to the understanding of progression in the technology forefront related to formulation development of liquid formulations to be filled in hard shell capsules for better therapeutic potentials and convenience to the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhuti Nirale
- ShobhabenPratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS (Deemed to be University), Mumbai. India
| | - Shivani Arora
- ShobhabenPratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS (Deemed to be University), Mumbai. India
| | | | | | - Rishi Kumar Singh
- ShobhabenPratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS (Deemed to be University), Mumbai. India
| | - Khushwant S Yadav
- ShobhabenPratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS (Deemed to be University), Mumbai. India
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33
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Arévalo-Pérez R, Maderuelo C, Lanao JM. Recent advances in colon drug delivery systems. J Control Release 2020; 327:703-724. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Hosseini S, Wey K, Epple M. Enteric Coating Systems for the Oral Administration of Bioactive Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles Carrying Nucleic Acids into the Colon. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202002846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Hosseini
- Inorganic Chemistry and Centre for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE)University of Duisburg-Essen Universitaetsstr. 5–7 45117 Essen Germany
| | - Karolin Wey
- Inorganic Chemistry and Centre for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE)University of Duisburg-Essen Universitaetsstr. 5–7 45117 Essen Germany
| | - Matthias Epple
- Inorganic Chemistry and Centre for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE)University of Duisburg-Essen Universitaetsstr. 5–7 45117 Essen Germany
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35
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Feng K, Wei YS, Hu TG, Linhardt RJ, Zong MH, Wu H. Colon-targeted delivery systems for nutraceuticals: A review of current vehicles, evaluation methods and future prospects. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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36
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Fu M, Blechar JA, Sauer A, Al-Gousous J, Langguth P. In Vitro Evaluation of Enteric-Coated HPMC Capsules-Effect of Formulation Factors on Product Performance. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12080696. [PMID: 32717908 PMCID: PMC7465055 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12080696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A comparative study on different enteric-coated hard capsules was performed. The influence of different formulation factors like choice of enteric polymer, triethyl citrate (TEC) concentration (plasticizer), talc concentrations (anti-tacking agent), and different coating process parameters on the sealing performance of the capsule and the disintegration time were investigated. Furthermore, the influence of different disintegration test methods (with disc vs. without disc and 50 mM U.S. Pharmacopoeia (USP) buffer pH 6.8 vs. biopredictive 15 mM phosphate buffer pH 6.5) was evaluated. All formulations showed sufficient but not equivalent acid resistance when tested. Polymer type was the main factor influencing the capsule sealing and disintegration time. In addition, TEC and talc could affect the performance of the formulation. Regarding the choice of the disintegration test method, the presence of a disc had for the most part only limited influence on the results. The choice of disintegration buffer was found to be important in identifying differences between the formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoqi Fu
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany; (M.F.); (J.A.B.); (J.A.-G.)
| | - Johannes Andreas Blechar
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany; (M.F.); (J.A.B.); (J.A.-G.)
| | - Andreas Sauer
- SE Tylose GmbH & Co. KG, D-65203 Wiesbaden, Germany;
| | - Jozef Al-Gousous
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany; (M.F.); (J.A.B.); (J.A.-G.)
| | - Peter Langguth
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany; (M.F.); (J.A.B.); (J.A.-G.)
- Correspondence:
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Broesder A, Woerdenbag HJ, Prins GH, Nguyen DN, Frijlink HW, Hinrichs WLJ. pH-dependent ileocolonic drug delivery, part I: in vitro and clinical evaluation of novel systems. Drug Discov Today 2020; 25:1362-1373. [PMID: 32554060 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
After the pH dependency of novel pH-dependent ileocolonic drug delivery systems is confirmed in vitro, their performance should be evaluated in human volunteers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemarie Broesder
- University of Groningen, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Herman J Woerdenbag
- University of Groningen, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Grietje H Prins
- University of Groningen, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Duong N Nguyen
- University of Groningen, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henderik W Frijlink
- University of Groningen, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter L J Hinrichs
- University of Groningen, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Banis GE, Beardslee LA, Stine JM, Sathyam RM, Ghodssi R. Capacitive sensing of triglyceride film reactions: a proof-of-concept demonstration for sensing in simulated duodenal contents with gastrointestinal targeting capsule system. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:2020-2032. [PMID: 32391526 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00133c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ingestible capsule systems continue to evolve to overcome drawbacks associated with traditional gastrointestinal (GI) diagnostic and therapeutic processes, such as limitations on which sections of the GI tract can be accessed or the inability to measure local biomarker concentrations. We report an integrated capsule sensing system, utilizing a hybrid packaging scheme coupled with triglyceride film-coated capacitive sensors, for measuring biochemical species present in the duodenum, such as pancreatic lipase and bile acids. The system uses microfabricated capacitive sensors interfaced with a Bluetooth low-energy (BLE)-microcontroller, allowing wireless connectivity to a mobile app. The triglyceride films insulate the sensor surface and react either with 0.01-1 mM lipase via hydrolysis or 0.07-7% w/v bile acids via emulsification in simulated fluids, leading to measurable changes in capacitance. Cross reactivity of the triglyceride films is evaluated in both phosphate buffered saline (PBS) as well as pancreatic trypsin solutions. The film morphology is observed after exposure to each stimulus to better understand how these changes alter the sensor capacitance. The capsule utilizes a 3D-printed package coated with polymers that remain intact in acid solution (mimicking gastric conditions), then dissolve at a duodenum-mimicking neutral pH for triggered opening of the sensing chamber from which we can subsequently detect the presence of pancreatic lipase. This device strategy represents a significant step towards using embedded packaging and triglyceride-based materials to target specific regions of the GI tract and sensing biochemical contents for evaluating gastrointestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- George E Banis
- Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, USA. and Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, USA
| | | | - Justin M Stine
- Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, USA. and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Rajendra Mayavan Sathyam
- Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, USA. and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Reza Ghodssi
- Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, USA. and Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, USA and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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39
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Mašková E, Kubová K, Raimi-Abraham BT, Vllasaliu D, Vohlídalová E, Turánek J, Mašek J. Hypromellose - A traditional pharmaceutical excipient with modern applications in oral and oromucosal drug delivery. J Control Release 2020; 324:695-727. [PMID: 32479845 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC), also known as Hypromellose, is a traditional pharmaceutical excipient widely exploited in oral sustained drug release matrix systems. The choice of numerous viscosity grades and molecular weights available from different manufacturers provides a great variability in its physical-chemical properties and is a basis for its broad successful application in pharmaceutical research, development, and manufacturing. The excellent mucoadhesive properties of HPMC predetermine its use in oromucosal delivery systems including mucoadhesive tablets and films. HPMC also possesses desirable properties for formulating amorphous solid dispersions increasing the oral bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. Printability and electrospinnability of HPMC are promising features for its application in 3D printed drug products and nanofiber-based drug delivery systems. Nanoparticle-based formulations are extensively explored as antigen and protein carriers for the formulation of oral vaccines, and oral delivery of biologicals including insulin, respectively. HPMC, being a traditional pharmaceutical excipient, has an irreplaceable role in the development of new pharmaceutical technologies, and new drug products leading to continuous manufacturing processes, and personalized medicine. This review firstly provides information on the physical-chemical properties of HPMC and a comprehensive overview of its application in traditional oral drug formulations. Secondly, this review focuses on the application of HPMC in modern pharmaceutical technologies including spray drying, hot-melt extrusion, 3D printing, nanoprecipitation and electrospinning leading to the formulation of printlets, nanoparticle-, microparticle-, and nanofiber-based delivery systems for oral and oromucosal application. Hypromellose is an excellent excipient for formulation of classical dosage forms and advanced drug delivery systems. New methods of hypromellose processing include spray draying, hot-melt extrusion, 3D printing, and electrospinning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliška Mašková
- Department of Pharmacology and Immunotherapy, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, Brno 621 00, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Kubová
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Bahijja T Raimi-Abraham
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Driton Vllasaliu
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Eva Vohlídalová
- Department of Pharmacology and Immunotherapy, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, Brno 621 00, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Turánek
- Department of Pharmacology and Immunotherapy, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, Brno 621 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Josef Mašek
- Department of Pharmacology and Immunotherapy, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, Brno 621 00, Czech Republic.
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40
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Beardslee LA, Banis GE, Chu S, Liu S, Chapin AA, Stine JM, Pasricha PJ, Ghodssi R. Ingestible Sensors and Sensing Systems for Minimally Invasive Diagnosis and Monitoring: The Next Frontier in Minimally Invasive Screening. ACS Sens 2020; 5:891-910. [PMID: 32157868 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b02263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ingestible electronic systems that are capable of embedded sensing, particularly within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and its accessory organs, have the potential to screen for diseases that are difficult if not impossible to detect at an early stage using other means. Furthermore, these devices have the potential to (1) reduce labor and facility costs for a variety of procedures, (2) promote research for discovering new biomarker targets for associated pathologies, (3) promote the development of autonomous or semiautonomous diagnostic aids for consumers, and (4) provide a foundation for epithelially targeted therapeutic interventions. These technological advances have the potential to make disease surveillance and treatment far more effective for a variety of conditions, allowing patients to lead longer and more productive lives. This review will examine the conventional techniques, as well as ingestible sensors and sensing systems that are currently under development for use in disease screening and diagnosis for GI disorders. Design considerations, fabrication, and applications will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke A. Beardslee
- Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - George E. Banis
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Sangwook Chu
- Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Sanwei Liu
- Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Ashley A. Chapin
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Justin M. Stine
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Pankaj Jay Pasricha
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Reza Ghodssi
- Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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41
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Nakagawa Y, Suzuki T, Suga Y, Shimada T, Sai Y. Examination of Aggregate Formation upon Simultaneous Dissolution of Methacrylic Acid Copolymer LD Enteric Coating Agent, Pharmaceutical Additives, and Zwitterionic Ingredients. Biol Pharm Bull 2020; 43:682-687. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b19-00924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Nakagawa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, University Hospital, Kanazawa University
| | - Takuya Suzuki
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, University Hospital, Kanazawa University
| | - Yukio Suga
- Department of Clinical Drug Informatics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical & Health Science, Kanazawa University
| | - Tsutomu Shimada
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, University Hospital, Kanazawa University
| | - Yoshimichi Sai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, University Hospital, Kanazawa University
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42
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Akhavan Farid E, Davachi SM, Pezeshki-Modaress M, Taranejoo S, Seyfi J, Hejazi I, Tabatabaei Hakim M, Najafi F, D'Amico C, Abbaspourrad A. Preparation and characterization of polylactic-co-glycolic acid/insulin nanoparticles encapsulated in methacrylate coated gelatin with sustained release for specific medical applications. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2020; 31:910-937. [PMID: 32009574 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2020.1725863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the possibility of using insulin orally with gelatin encapsulation to enhance the usefulness of the drug and increase the lifespan of insulin in the body using polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles alongside gelatin encapsulation. In this regard, PLGA was synthesized via ring opening polymerization, and PLGA/insulin nanoparticles were prepared by a modified emulsification-diffusion process. The resulting nanoparticles with various amounts of insulin were fully characterized using FTIR, DSC, DLS, zeta potential, SEM, and glucose uptake methods, with results indicating the interaction between the insulin and PLGA. The process efficiency of encapsulation was higher than 92%, while the encapsulation efficiency of nanoparticles, based on an insulin content of 20 to 40%, was optimized at 93%. According to the thermal studies, the PLGA encapsulation increases the thermal stability of the insulin. The morphological studies showed the fine dispersion of insulin in the PLGA matrix, which we further confirmed by the Kjeldahl method. According to the release studies and kinetics, in-vitro degradation, and particle size analysis, the sample loaded with 30% insulin showed optimum overall properties, and thus it was encapsulated with gelatin followed by coating with aqueous methacrylate coating. Release studies at pH values of 3 and 7.4, alongside the Kjeldahl method and standard dissolution test at pH 5.5, and glucose uptake assay tests clearly showed the capsules featured 3-4 h biodegradation resistance at a lower pH along with the sustained release, making these gelatin-encapsulated nanoparticles promising alternatives for oral applications.[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Akhavan Farid
- Department of Chemical and Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Davachi
- Soft Tissue Engineering Research Center, Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - Shahrouz Taranejoo
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Javad Seyfi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Shahrood Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrood, Iran
| | - Iman Hejazi
- Soft Tissue Engineering Research Center, Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Tabatabaei Hakim
- Soft Tissue Engineering Research Center, Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhood Najafi
- Department of Resin and Additives, Institute for Color Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Alireza Abbaspourrad
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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43
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Korsten SGPJ, Smits EAW, Garssen J, Vromans H. Modeling of the luminal butyrate concentration to design an oral formulation capable of achieving a pharmaceutical response. PHARMANUTRITION 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2019.100166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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44
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Abramson A, Caffarel-Salvador E, Soares V, Minahan D, Tian RY, Lu X, Dellal D, Gao Y, Kim S, Wainer J, Collins J, Tamang S, Hayward A, Yoshitake T, Lee HC, Fujimoto J, Fels J, Frederiksen MR, Rahbek U, Roxhed N, Langer R, Traverso G. A luminal unfolding microneedle injector for oral delivery of macromolecules. Nat Med 2019; 25:1512-1518. [PMID: 31591601 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-019-0598-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Insulin and other injectable biologic drugs have transformed the treatment of patients suffering from diabetes1,2, yet patients and healthcare providers often prefer to use and prescribe less effective orally dosed medications3-5. Compared with subcutaneously administered drugs, oral formulations create less patient discomfort4, show greater chemical stability at high temperatures6, and do not generate biohazardous needle waste7. An oral dosage form for biologic medications is ideal; however, macromolecule drugs are not readily absorbed into the bloodstream through the gastrointestinal tract8. We developed an ingestible capsule, termed the luminal unfolding microneedle injector, which allows for the oral delivery of biologic drugs by rapidly propelling dissolvable drug-loaded microneedles into intestinal tissue using a set of unfolding arms. During ex vivo human and in vivo swine studies, the device consistently delivered the microneedles to the tissue without causing complete thickness perforations. Using insulin as a model drug, we showed that, when actuated, the luminal unfolding microneedle injector provided a faster pharmacokinetic uptake profile and a systemic uptake >10% of that of a subcutaneous injection over a 4-h sampling period. With the ability to load a multitude of microneedle formulations, the device can serve as a platform to orally deliver therapeutic doses of macromolecule drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Abramson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ester Caffarel-Salvador
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Vance Soares
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Minahan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ryan Yu Tian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Xiaoya Lu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - David Dellal
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Soyoung Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jacob Wainer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Joy Collins
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Siddartha Tamang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alison Hayward
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Tadayuki Yoshitake
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hsiang-Chieh Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - James Fujimoto
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Johannes Fels
- Global Research Technologies, Global Drug Discovery, Måløv, Denmark.,Device R&D, Novo Nordisk, Måløv, Denmark
| | | | - Ulrik Rahbek
- Global Research Technologies, Global Drug Discovery, Måløv, Denmark.,Device R&D, Novo Nordisk, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Niclas Roxhed
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Micro and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robert Langer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Giovanni Traverso
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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45
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Maderuelo C, Lanao JM, Zarzuelo A. Enteric coating of oral solid dosage forms as a tool to improve drug bioavailability. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 138:105019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.105019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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46
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Ishiguro T, Sakata Y, Arima H, Iohara D, Anraku M, Uekama K, Hirayama F. The Use of Enteric Capsules for Releasing a Fragrance over an Extended Period of Time. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2019; 67:493-497. [PMID: 31061376 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c18-00898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A system for releasing a fragrance, citral (CR) over an extended period of time using three types of enteric capsules is reported. The L- and M-type capsules released CR into media with a pH above 6, while the H-type capsule released CR at a pH above 7. The pH of the releasing medium was controlled by sodium borate (SB), i.e., by adding SB-methylcellulose (MC) prepared in different weight ratios (SB-MC 1 : 2, 1 : 1 and 2 : 1) to tablets and by compressing them at different pressures. The tablet containing a large amount of SB and that was pressed at higher pressures permitted the pH of the releasing medium to be changed from 5 to 9, at 4-5 h after the addition of SB to the tablets, while negligible changes were observed for tablets containing low amounts of SB and which were compressed at lower pressures. Reflecting these pH changes, CR was released after different periods of time when SB-MC tablets and capsules containing CR were simultaneously added to the releasing medium. When enteric capsules containing CR and the pH adjusting tablets were simultaneously added to a benzyl acetate (BA) solution, BA was released at a constant rate, while CR was released for different periods of time depending on the type of capsule used. The results suggest that fragrances could be released over different time frames by using enteric capsules and pH adjusting agents, for example, the release of fragrances with sedative effects at night time and with stimulating effects in the morning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yukoh Sakata
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Hidetoshi Arima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
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47
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Amaral Silva D, Al-Gousous J, Davies NM, Bou Chacra N, Webster GK, Lipka E, Amidon G, Löbenberg R. Simulated, biorelevant, clinically relevant or physiologically relevant dissolution media: The hidden role of bicarbonate buffer. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2019; 142:8-19. [PMID: 31195131 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
In-vitro dissolution testing of pharmaceutical formulations has been used as a quality control test for many years. At early drug product development, in vivo predictive dissolution testing can be used for guidance in the rational selection of candidate formulations that best fit the desired in vivo dissolution characteristics. At present, the most widely applied dissolution media are phosphate-based buffers and, in some cases, the result of dissolution tests performed in such media have demonstrated reasonable/acceptable IVIVCs. However, the presence of phosphates in human GI luminal fluids is insignificant, which makes the use of such media poorly representative of the in vivo environment. The gastrointestinal lumen has long been shown to be buffered by bicarbonate. Hence, much interest in the development of suitable biorelevant in vitro dissolution media based on bicarbonate buffer systems has evolved. However, there are inherent difficulties associated with these buffers, such as maintaining the pH throughout the dissolution test, as CO2 tends to leave the system. Various mathematical models have been proposed to analyze bicarbonate buffers and they are discussed in this review. Approaches such as using simpler buffer systems instead of bicarbonate have been proposed as surrogate buffers to produce an equivalent buffer effect on drug dissolution on a case-by-case basis. There are many drawbacks related to simpler buffers systems including their poor in vivo predictability. Considerable discrepancies between phosphate and bicarbonate buffer dissolution results have been reported for certain dosage forms, e.g. enteric coated formulations. The role and need of bicarbonate-based buffers in quality control testing requires scientific analysis. This review also encompasses on the use of bicarbonate-based buffers as a potentially in vivo predictive dissolution medium for enteric coated dosage forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Amaral Silva
- Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jozef Al-Gousous
- College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Neal M Davies
- Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nadia Bou Chacra
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gregory K Webster
- Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, IL, United States
| | | | - Gordon Amidon
- College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Raimar Löbenberg
- Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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48
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Vlachou M, Kikionis S, Siamidi A, Tragou K, Kapoti S, Ioannou E, Roussis V, Tsotinis A. Fabrication and Characterization of Electrospun Nanofibers for the Modified Release of the Chronobiotic Hormone Melatonin. Curr Drug Deliv 2019; 16:79-85. [PMID: 30215335 PMCID: PMC6340153 DOI: 10.2174/1567201815666180914095701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aiming at the modified release of melatonin (MLT), electrospun-MLT loaded nanofibers, filled into hard gelatin and DRcapsTM capsules, were used as formulants. METHODS Cellulose acetate, polyvinylpyrrolidinone and hydroxypropylmethylcellusose (HPMC 2910) were used for the preparation of the fiber matrices through electrospinning. The in vitro modified release profile of MLT from the fabricated matrices in gastrointestinal-like fluids was studied. At pH 1.2, the formulations CA1, CA2, PV1, HP1, HP2 and the composite formulations CAPV1-CAPV5 in hard gelatin capsules exhibited fast MLT release. RESULTS In general, the same trend was observed at pH 6.8, with the exception of CAPV1 and CAPV2. These two composite formulations delivered 52.08% and 75.25% MLT, respectively at a slower pace (6 h) when encapsulated in DRcapsTM capsules. In all other cases, the release of MLT from DRcapsTM capsules filled with the MLT-loaded nanofibers reached 100% at 6h. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that the MLT-loaded nanofibrous mats developed in this study exhibit a promising profile for treating sleep dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilena Vlachou
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Stefanos Kikionis
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Angeliki Siamidi
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantina Tragou
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Stefania Kapoti
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Efstathia Ioannou
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Vassilios Roussis
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Andrew Tsotinis
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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49
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Al-Gousous J, Ruan H, Blechar JA, Sun KX, Salehi N, Langguth P, Job NM, Lipka E, Loebenberg R, Bermejo M, Amidon GE, Amidon GL. Mechanistic analysis and experimental verification of bicarbonate-controlled enteric coat dissolution: Potential in vivo implications. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2019; 139:47-58. [PMID: 30872012 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Enteric coatings have shown in vivo dissolution rates that are poorly predicted by traditional in vitro tests, with the in vivo dissolution being considerably slower than in vitro. To provide a more mechanistic understanding of this, the dependence of the release properties of various enteric-coated (EC) products on bulk pH and bicarbonate molarity was investigated. It was found that, at presumably in vivo-relevant values, the bicarbonate molarity is a more significant determinant of the dissolution profile than the bulk pH. The findings also indicate that this steep relationship between the dissolution of enteric coatings and bicarbonate molarity limits those coatings' performance in vivo. This is attributed to the relatively low bicarbonate molarities in human intestinal fluids. Further, the hydration and dehydrations kinetics of carbonic acid and carbon dioxide are not sufficiently rapid to reach equilibrium in the diffusion layer surrounding a dissolving ionizable solid. This results in the effective pKa of bicarbonate in the diffusion layer being lower than that determined potentiometrically at equilibrium in the bulk surrounding fluid. These results demonstrate the importance of thoroughly investigating the intestinal bicarbonate concentrations and using bicarbonate buffers or properly designed surrogates (if possible) when evaluating enteric drug products during product development and quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Al-Gousous
- College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - H Ruan
- College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Chemical Drug, Zhejiang Institute for Food and Drug Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310052, China
| | - J A Blechar
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz, Staudingerweg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - K X Sun
- College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - N Salehi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, 300 Hayward St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - P Langguth
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz, Staudingerweg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - N M Job
- College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - E Lipka
- TSRL Inc., 540 Avis Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA
| | - R Loebenberg
- Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - M Bermejo
- Department of Engineering, Pharmacy Section, Miguel Hernandez University , San Juan de Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain
| | - G E Amidon
- College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - G L Amidon
- College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Grimm M, Ball K, Scholz E, Schneider F, Sivert A, Benameur H, Kromrey ML, Kühn JP, Weitschies W. Characterization of the gastrointestinal transit and disintegration behavior of floating and sinking acid-resistant capsules using a novel MRI labeling technique. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 129:163-172. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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