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Varga P, Németh A, Zeiringer S, Roblegg E, Budai-Szűcs M, Balla-Bartos C, Ambrus R. Formulation and investigation of differently charged β-cyclodextrin-based meloxicam potassium containing nasal powders. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 202:106879. [PMID: 39154714 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2024.106879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Nasal systemic drug delivery may provide an easy way to substitute parenteral or oral dosing, however, the excipients have an important role in nasal formulations to increase the permeability of the mucosa and prolong the residence time of the drug. In this work, we aimed to produce meloxicam potassium monohydrate (MXP) containing nasal powders by a nano spray drier with the use of a neutral, an anionic and a cationic β-cyclodextrin as permeation enhancers, and (polyvinyl)alcohol (PVA) as a water soluble polymer. The following examinations were performed in order to study the effect of the applied excipients on the nasal applicability of the formulations: laser scattering, scanning electron microscope measurement, XRPD, DSC and FTIR measurements, adhesivity, in vitro drug release and permeability tests through an artificial membrane and RPMI 2650 cells. Based on our results, spherical particles were prepared with a size of 1.89-2.21 µm in which MXP was present in an amorphous state. Secondary interactions were formed between the excipients and the drug. The charged cyclodextrin-based formulations showed significantly higher adhesive force values regardless of the presence of PVA. The drug release was fast and complete. The passive diffusion of MXP was influenced not only by the charge of the cyclodextrin, but the presence of PVA, too. The permeation of the drug was enhanced in the presence of the anionic cyclodextrin testing it on RPMI 2650 cell model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Varga
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös Street 6, Szeged 6720, Hungary
| | - Anett Németh
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös Street 6, Szeged 6720, Hungary
| | - Scarlett Zeiringer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 1, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Eva Roblegg
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 1, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Mária Budai-Szűcs
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös Street 6, Szeged 6720, Hungary
| | - Csilla Balla-Bartos
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös Street 6, Szeged 6720, Hungary
| | - Rita Ambrus
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös Street 6, Szeged 6720, Hungary.
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2
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Ashfaq R, Sisa B, Kovács A, Berkó S, Szécsényi M, Burián K, Vályi P, Budai-Szűcs M. Factorial design of in situ gelling two-compartment systems containing chlorhexidine for the treatment of periodontitis. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 191:106607. [PMID: 37821010 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis is one of the most widespread bacterial infectious oral diseases that affects a significant percentage of the population worldwide. Different bacterial strains are responsible for the chronic inflammation and subgingival plaque that could be effectively treated with prolonged exposure to therapeutic levels of antibiotics and antiseptics in the periodontal pockets. Medicated in situ gels of chlorhexidine (CHX), for extended drug release and long-lasting antiseptic effect in the targeted cavities, were prepared in a two-compartment system. One compartment was loaded with sodium alginate solution while other was filled with CHX and calcium solution. The mixing of the solutions during the application resulted in gelation. Two 33 full factorial designs were applied in this study in order to optimize the gel formulation. Initially, the effects of concentration of gelling agent, crosslinker, and pH of the system on the dependent variables such as gel formation and structure characteristics were investigated. Then, the concentration of the crosslinker was optimized. Afterwards, the effect of gelling agent, loading of the drug, and pH of the gel system were correlated with the gel characteristics through another factorial design. Optimized formulations were tested for mucoadhesion, in vitro drug release, and microbiological investigation. Based on the results of the factorial design, mucoadhesiveness, antimicrobial investigation, and drug release, a 4 % alginate composition can be considered optimal. Overall, the optimized in situ periodontal gel was found to be effective with prolonged retention time and desirable outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Ashfaq
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös 6, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - Bianka Sisa
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös 6, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - Anita Kovács
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös 6, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Berkó
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös 6, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - Mária Szécsényi
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Szeged, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - Katalin Burián
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Szeged, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - Péter Vályi
- Department of Oral Diagnostics, Faculty of Dentistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest H-1088, Hungary
| | - Mária Budai-Szűcs
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös 6, Szeged H-6720, Hungary.
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3
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Jaipakdee N, Rongthong T, Kanjanakawinkul W, Pongjanyakul T. Nicotine-magnesium aluminum silicate complexes processed by blending: Characterization for usage as drug carriers in mucoadhesive buccal discs. Int J Pharm 2023; 643:123243. [PMID: 37463620 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Complexation of nicotine (NCT) and magnesium aluminum silicate (MAS) has been formed in the dispersions that required multiple preparation steps. In this study, physical blending was used to produce NCT-MAS complexes. NCT, a free-base liquid state form, was adsorbed onto the MAS granules, where the diffusion and intercalation of NCT molecules into the MAS silicate layers occurred. These processes required a minimum of the 7-d-resting period to reach NCT complete distribution. FTIR, XRD, and 29Si NMR suggest that NCT could interact with MAS via hydrogen bonding, water bridging, and ionic electrostatic force. The 12 % NCT-MAS complexes enabled a sustained release of NCT, after a 2-min burst, in pH 6 phosphate buffer through a particle diffusion-controlled mechanism. Buccal discs formulated with NCT-MAS complexes and sodium alginate (SA) as drug carriers and matrix former could control NCT released through drug diffusion and swelling-controlled mechanisms. NCT release and membrane permeation increased with increasing NCT-MAS complexes or decreasing SA concentration. All NCT-MAS-containing buccal discs exhibited mucoadhesive properties related to the swelling characteristics of SA and MAS. Conclusively, NCT-MAS complexes can be produced through an uncomplicated single-step blending process, and the complexes obtained presented a potential to serve as drug carriers in buccal matrix formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Napaphak Jaipakdee
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Thitiphorn Rongthong
- Chulabhorn Royal Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Facility, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Watchara Kanjanakawinkul
- Chulabhorn Royal Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Facility, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Thaned Pongjanyakul
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
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4
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Keldibekova R, Suleimenova S, Nurgozhina G, Kopishev E. Interpolymer Complexes Based on Cellulose Ethers: Application. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3326. [PMID: 37571220 PMCID: PMC10422396 DOI: 10.3390/polym15153326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Interpolymer complexes based on cellulose ethers have gained significant interest in recent years due to their versatile applications. These complexes are formed by combining different polymers through non-covalent interactions, resulting in stable structures. This article provides an overview of the various fields where IPCs based on cellulose ethers find application. IPCs based on cellulose ethers show great potential in drug delivery systems. These complexes can encapsulate drugs and enable controlled release, making them suitable for sustained drug delivery. They offer advantages in terms of precise dosage and enhanced therapeutic efficacy. Coatings and adhesives also benefit from IPCs based on cellulose ethers. These complexes can form films with excellent mechanical strength and enhanced water resistance, providing durability and protection. They have applications in various industries where coatings and adhesives play a crucial role. In food packaging, IPCs based on cellulose ethers are highly relevant. These complexes can form films with effective barrier properties against oxygen and water vapor, making them ideal for packaging perishable foods. They help extend to shelf life of food products by minimizing moisture and oxygen transfer. Various methods, such as solvent casting, coacervation, and electrostatic complexation, are employed to synthesize IPCs based on cellulose ethers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raushan Keldibekova
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan; (R.K.)
| | - Symbat Suleimenova
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan; (R.K.)
| | - Gulden Nurgozhina
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan; (R.K.)
| | - Eldar Kopishev
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan; (R.K.)
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Bukhara State University, Bukhara 705018, Uzbekistan
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Feng YQ, Lv ML, Yang M, Ma WX, Zhang G, Yu YZ, Wu YQ, Li HB, Liu DZ, Yang YS. Application of New Energy Thermochromic Composite Thermosensitive Materials of Smart Windows in Recent Years. Molecules 2022; 27:1638. [PMID: 35268739 PMCID: PMC8912046 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermochromic smart windows technology can intelligently regulate indoor solar radiation by changing indoor light transmittance in response to thermal stimulation, thus reducing energy consumption of the building. In recent years, with the development of new energy-saving materials and the combination with practical technology, energy-saving smart windows technology has received more and more attention from scientific research. Based on the summary of thermochromic smart windows by Yi Long research groups, this review described the applications of thermal responsive organic materials in smart windows, including poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) hydrogels, hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) hydrogels, ionic liquids and liquid crystals. Besides, the mechanism of various organic materials and the properties of functional materials were also introduced. Finally, opportunities and challenges relating to thermochromic smart windows and prospects for future development are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qin Feng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Fibers and Eco-Dyeing & Finishing, School of Chemistry and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, 1 Textile Road, Wuhan 430073, China; (Y.-Q.F.); (M.Y.); (W.-X.M.); (G.Z.); (Y.-Z.Y.); (Y.-Q.W.); (H.-B.L.)
| | - Mei-Ling Lv
- Department of Mechanical Electricity, Wuhan Instrument and Electronic Technical School, Wuhan 430074, China;
| | - Ming Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Fibers and Eco-Dyeing & Finishing, School of Chemistry and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, 1 Textile Road, Wuhan 430073, China; (Y.-Q.F.); (M.Y.); (W.-X.M.); (G.Z.); (Y.-Z.Y.); (Y.-Q.W.); (H.-B.L.)
| | - Wen-Xia Ma
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Fibers and Eco-Dyeing & Finishing, School of Chemistry and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, 1 Textile Road, Wuhan 430073, China; (Y.-Q.F.); (M.Y.); (W.-X.M.); (G.Z.); (Y.-Z.Y.); (Y.-Q.W.); (H.-B.L.)
| | - Gang Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Fibers and Eco-Dyeing & Finishing, School of Chemistry and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, 1 Textile Road, Wuhan 430073, China; (Y.-Q.F.); (M.Y.); (W.-X.M.); (G.Z.); (Y.-Z.Y.); (Y.-Q.W.); (H.-B.L.)
| | - Yun-Zi Yu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Fibers and Eco-Dyeing & Finishing, School of Chemistry and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, 1 Textile Road, Wuhan 430073, China; (Y.-Q.F.); (M.Y.); (W.-X.M.); (G.Z.); (Y.-Z.Y.); (Y.-Q.W.); (H.-B.L.)
| | - Ya-Qi Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Fibers and Eco-Dyeing & Finishing, School of Chemistry and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, 1 Textile Road, Wuhan 430073, China; (Y.-Q.F.); (M.Y.); (W.-X.M.); (G.Z.); (Y.-Z.Y.); (Y.-Q.W.); (H.-B.L.)
| | - Hai-Bo Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Fibers and Eco-Dyeing & Finishing, School of Chemistry and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, 1 Textile Road, Wuhan 430073, China; (Y.-Q.F.); (M.Y.); (W.-X.M.); (G.Z.); (Y.-Z.Y.); (Y.-Q.W.); (H.-B.L.)
| | - De-Zheng Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Power System Design and Test for Electrical Vehicle, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441053, China
| | - Yong-Sheng Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Fibers and Eco-Dyeing & Finishing, School of Chemistry and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, 1 Textile Road, Wuhan 430073, China; (Y.-Q.F.); (M.Y.); (W.-X.M.); (G.Z.); (Y.-Z.Y.); (Y.-Q.W.); (H.-B.L.)
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6
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Feng Y, Yang M, Zhang Y, Liu H, Ju H, Zhang G, Ma W, Wu Y, Yu Y, Yang Y, Liu D. Hybrid thermochromic hydrogels based on HPC/PVA for smart windows with enhanced solar modulation. J CHEM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-021-02024-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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7
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A novel versatile flow-donor chamber as biorelevant ex-vivo test assessing oral mucoadhesive formulations. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 166:105983. [PMID: 34461276 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.105983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Oral transmucosal drug delivery is a non-invasive administration route for rapid therapeutic onset and greater bioavailability avoiding the first-pass metabolism. Mucoadhesive formulations are advantageous as they may retain the drug at the administration site. Proper equipment to assess mucoadhesive properties and corresponding drug absorption is fundamental for the development of novel drug delivery systems. Here we developed a new flow-through donor chamber for well-established diffusion cells, and we tested the effects on drug and formulation retention in situ of adding mucoadhesive polymers or mesoporous silica particles to a reference formulation. Mesoporous silica particles are of particular interest as they may be used to encapsulate and retain drug molecules. Compared to other ex-vivo methods described in literature for assessing mucoadhesive performance and transmucosal drug delivery, this new donor chamber provides several advantages: i) it reflects physiological conditions better as a realistic saliva flow can be provided over the administration site, ii) it is versatile since it can be mounted on any kind of vertical diffusion cell allowing simultaneous detection of drug retention at the administration site and drug permeation through the tissue, and iii) it enables optical quantification of formulations residence time aided by image processing. This new flow-through donor diffusion cell set-up proved sensitive to differentiate a reference formulation from one where 20 %(w/w) Carbomer was added (to further improve the mucoadhesive properties), with respect to both drug and formulation residence times. We also found that mesoporous silica particles, investigated as particles only and mixed together with the reference formulation, gave very similar drug and formulation retention to what we observed with the mucoadhesive Carbomer. However, after some time (>30 min) it became obvious that the tablet excipients in the reference formulation promote particle retention on the mucosa. This work provides a new simple and versatile biorelevant test for the evaluation of oral mucoadhesive formulations and paves the way for further studies on mesoporous silica particles as valuable excipients for enhancing oral mucoadhesion.
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Sipos B, Csóka I, Budai-Szűcs M, Kozma G, Berkesi D, Kónya Z, Balogh GT, Katona G. Development of dexamethasone-loaded mixed polymeric micelles for nasal delivery. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 166:105960. [PMID: 34339828 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.105960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Our study aimed to formulate a novel dexamethasone (DXM)-loaded, mixed polymeric micelle-based drug delivery system, focusing on the auspicious nose-to-brain pathway, as a key delivery route to treat central nervous system (CNS) associated diseases. Polymeric micelles might be a solution to deliver drugs to the place of action compared to conventional formulations. Due to low Z-average (89.92 ± 2.7 nm), a polydispersity index of 0.216 ± 0.014 and high surface polarity (52.23%), a significant increase in water solubility (14-fold) was experienced. This increase resulted in favourable dissolution profile at nasal and axonal conditions with high in vitro permeability value (14.6×10-6 cm/s) on polar brain (porcine) lipid extract. Modified Side-bi-side® type diffusion study confirmed rapid and efficient passive diffusion through the nasal mucosa contributed by strong mucoadhesive properties. The final formulation met all the requirements of a nasal drug delivery system with rapid onset of action, meaning DXM can reach the CNS and there it can exert its beneficial effects in pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bence Sipos
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Eötvös str. 6., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Ildikó Csóka
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Eötvös str. 6., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Mária Budai-Szűcs
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Eötvös str. 6., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Gábor Kozma
- Faculty of Science and Informatics, Department of Applied & Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Rerrich B. sq. 1., Hungary.
| | - Dániel Berkesi
- Faculty of Science and Informatics, Department of Applied & Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Rerrich B. sq. 1., Hungary.
| | - Zoltán Kónya
- Faculty of Science and Informatics, Department of Applied & Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Rerrich B. sq. 1., Hungary.
| | - György Tibor Balogh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Eötvös str. 6., Hungary; Department of Chemical and Environmental Process Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem quay 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Gábor Katona
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Eötvös str. 6., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
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Campos JC, Cunha D, Ferreira DC, Reis S, Costa PJ. Oromucosal precursors of in loco hydrogels for wound-dressing and drug delivery in oral mucositis: Retain, resist, and release. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 118:111413. [PMID: 33255015 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Oromucosal films and tablets were developed as multifunctional biomaterials for the treatment of oral mucositis. These are intended to function as a hybrid, performing as a controlled drug delivery system and as a wound-dressing device. The dosage forms are precursors for in loco hydrogels that are activated by the saliva. An anti-inflammatory and anesthetic activity is attained from budesonide tripartite polymeric nanoparticles and lidocaine, while the polymeric network allows the protection and cicatrization of the wound. Different biomaterials and blends were investigated, focusing on the capacity to retain and resist on-site, as well as achieve a long-lasting controlled release. As the limiting factor, the choice was made according to the films' results. A polymer mix of Methocel™ K100M and Carbopol® (974P, EDT 2020, or Ultrez 10) blends were used. Overall, regrading critical factors, Carbopol® increased films' elasticity and flexibility, mucoadhesion, and the strength of the hydrogels, while higher concentrations led to thicker, more opaque, and lower strain resistance products. Whereas 974P and Ultrez 10 performed similarly, EDT 2020 led to uniformity problems and weaker films, hydrogels and bioadhesion. The optimized products were enhanced with sodium hyaluronate and drug-loaded for further characterization. Concerning the dosage form, the films' hydrogels were more resilient, while the tablets had higher mucoadhesiveness and longer swelling. Although through different networks and mechanisms, both dosage forms and grades revealed similar release profiles. A Case II time-evolving stereoselectivity for the 22R and 22S budesonide epimers was found, and Fickian-diffusion for lidocaine. Ultimately, the developed formulations show great potential to be used in OM management. Both of the selected grades at 0.6% displayed excellent performance, while Ultrez 10 can be preferable for the films' production due to its lower viscosity before neutralization and higher after activation. Where the tablets are easier to produce and offer better adhesion, the films are more customizable post-production and have higher rheological performance for wound-dressing.
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Affiliation(s)
- João C Campos
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, MedTech - Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Portugal.
| | - Davide Cunha
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, MedTech - Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Domingos C Ferreira
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, MedTech - Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Salette Reis
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo J Costa
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, MedTech - Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Portugal
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10
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Abu El- Enin AS, Elbakry AM, El Hosary R, Fouad Lotfy MA, Yahia R. Formulation, development, in vivo pharmacokinetics and pharmacological efficacy evaluation of novel vaginal bioadhesive sustained core-in-cup salbutamol sulphate tablets for preterm labor. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.102076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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11
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Ijbara F, Marzouqa DM, Murad A AlDamen, Hodali HA. Release Kinetics of Nicotine Loaded onto Mesoporous Silicate Materials for Use in Nicotine Replacement Therapy. Curr Drug Deliv 2019; 16:951-958. [PMID: 31692442 DOI: 10.2174/1567201816666191106102740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this work, the loading of nicotine onto mesoporous silicate materials and its release into a phosphate buffer solution at 37°C were investigated. METHODS The mesoporous silicate materials designated as MCM-41 were prepared with different pore sizes via using alkyltrimethylammonium bromide surfactants with different alkyl chain lengths of carbon atoms 12, 14, and 16. The mesoporous silicate systems were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), N2-adsorption-desorption isotherms, and FT-IR spectroscopy. RESULTS Loading of nicotine was confirmed by FTIR and thermal gravimetric analysis and was determined by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). CONCLUSION A slight increase in loading capacity with increasing pore size was observed, with a loading capacity of about 17% for MCM-41(16). The release of nicotine was monitored by HPLC and was almost complete for MCM-41(14) and MCM-41(16) in 8 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadia Ijbara
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Dua'a M Marzouqa
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Murad A AlDamen
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
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12
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Baus RA, Haug MF, Leichner C, Jelkmann M, Bernkop-Schnürch A. In Vitro-in Vivo Correlation of Mucoadhesion Studies on Buccal Mucosa. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:2719-2727. [PMID: 31038970 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For the development of novel buccoadhesive formulations, their physicochemical properties, strength of the interfacial joint, and residence time on the buccal mucosa are considered as a measure for their in vivo mucoadhesive properties. Focusing on these parameters, the predictive power of established in vitro systems was assessed for mucoadhesive properties in humans using discs as the model solid dosage form. METHODS Compressed into discs, hydroxyethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, carbopol, polycarbophil, alginate, and xanthan gum were used as model polymers. Mucosal residence time, maximum detachment force (MDF), and total work of adhesion (TWA) were determined ex vivo on the porcine buccal mucosa and in vivo on healthy volunteers. The impact of detachment velocity, humidification, and experimental set-up employed for tensile studies was examined and correlated to in vivo studies. RESULTS Ex vivo results for mucosal residence time showed a very high correlation ( r = 0.997) with data obtained in vivo. For tensile studies, a set-up optimized for moistening the interface, speed, and alignment of the tensile force provided ex vivo results with very high correlation to in vivo experiments with r = 0.983 obtained for MDF and r = 0.973 for TWA, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Experimental set-ups for the determination of mucosal residence time and tensile studies could be identified as valid methods for the development of intraoral solid dosage forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randi Angela Baus
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy , Leopold-Franzens-University of Innsbruck , Innrain 80/82 , 6020 Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Michael Franz Haug
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy , Leopold-Franzens-University of Innsbruck , Innrain 80/82 , 6020 Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Christina Leichner
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy , Leopold-Franzens-University of Innsbruck , Innrain 80/82 , 6020 Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Max Jelkmann
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy , Leopold-Franzens-University of Innsbruck , Innrain 80/82 , 6020 Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Andreas Bernkop-Schnürch
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy , Leopold-Franzens-University of Innsbruck , Innrain 80/82 , 6020 Innsbruck , Austria
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13
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Zhu C, Xu S, Han X, Wang W, He W, Yin L, Yang L, Qin C. Sustained Release Bilayer Tablet of Ibuprofen and Phenylephrine Hydrochloride: Preparation and Pharmacokinetics in Beagle Dogs. AAPS PharmSciTech 2019; 20:86. [PMID: 30673916 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-018-1271-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold is a global common infectious disease accompanied by symptoms such as headache and stuffy nose. Ibuprofen (IBU) and phenylephrine hydrochloride (PE) were commonly used for common cold due to their different effects in relieving fever and the main symptoms such as nasal congestion and high sinus pressure. However, the commercial tablets of IBU and PE have to be administered 2 to 3 times per day due to their short half-life, with inconvenience for patient and fluctuations of plasma concentration. Bilayer tablet technology was utilized to design the IBU-PE sustained release tablets because of the significantly different solubility of IBU and PE in release media. The formulations of IBU layer and PE layer contain different viscosity grades of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) as sustained-release matrix, hydrophilic diluent, and traditional glidant and lubricant. The sustained release bilayer tablet exhibited satisfying sustained release performance with the mechanisms of diffusion and matrix erosion. Compared with the conventional tablets, the IBU-PE sustained release bilayer tablet expressed significantly sustained-release behavior with decreased Cmax and prolonged Tmax in fasted conditions for IBU and PE. Though IBU of IBU-PE sustained release bilayer tablet was bioequivalent to the commercial IBU tablet, the relative bioavailability of PE from the bilayer tablets was 87.49 ± 20.00% (90% confidence interval was 72.3 to 102.5%), indicating bioinequivalence probably due to the "first pass" effect.
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14
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A novel test system for the evaluation of oral mucoadhesion of fast disintegrating tablets. Int J Pharm 2018; 551:141-147. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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15
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Esim O, Savaser A, Ozkan C, Bayrak Z, Tas C, Ozkan Y. Effect of polymer type on characteristics of buccal tablets using factorial design. Saudi Pharm J 2018; 26:53-63. [PMID: 29379333 PMCID: PMC5783814 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2017.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A two factor three level factorial design was used to investigate the effects of carbopol and cationic hydrophilic polymers which have a common use in buccal drug formulations. Statistical models with interaction terms were derived to evaluate influence of carbopol (X1) and chitosan (X2) on tablet disintegration (Y1) and dissolution (Y2), mechanical properties (Y3), swelling (Y4). Tablet disintegration studies were carried out using two different pH environments within buccal region pH limits and also two different commonly used dissolution methods for buccal tablets were also investigated to compare the effect of polymer type on dissolution. Polymer type and ratio affect the characteristics of the buccal tablets due to their different physicochemical behavior at buccal pH. Also significant variances between dissolution profiles for buccal tablets, using either USP Paddle or flow through cell methods were found. These results indicate that both polymer type and ratio as well as combination of them effects the drug behavior in different ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. Esim
- University of Health Sciences, Gulhane Campus, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Etlik, Ankara, Turkey
| | - A. Savaser
- University of Health Sciences, Gulhane Campus, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Etlik, Ankara, Turkey
| | - C.K. Ozkan
- University of Health Sciences, Gulhane Campus, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Etlik, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Z. Bayrak
- Ministry of National Defense, Ankara, Turkey
| | - C. Tas
- University of Health Sciences, Gulhane Campus, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Etlik, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Y. Ozkan
- University of Health Sciences, Gulhane Campus, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Etlik, Ankara, Turkey
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16
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Yang YS, Zhou Y, Chiang FBY, Long Y. Tungsten doped VO2/microgels hybrid thermochromic material and its smart window application. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra24686a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A new thermochromic composite was successfully synthesized by a combination of HPCA microgel and W doped VO2 nanoparticles. Within a suitable working temperature, this composite can provide excellent modulation in both the visible and IR ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Sheng Yang
- School of Chemistry and Engineering
- Wuhan Textile University
- Wuhan
- China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
| | - Yang Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 639798
| | - Freddy Boey Yin Chiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 639798
| | - Yi Long
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 639798
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17
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Russo E, Selmin F, Baldassari S, Gennari C, Caviglioli G, Cilurzo F, Minghetti P, Parodi B. A focus on mucoadhesive polymers and their application in buccal dosage forms. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2015.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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18
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Yang YS, Zhou Y, Yin Chiang FB, Long Y. Temperature-responsive hydroxypropylcellulose based thermochromic material and its smart window application. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra12454b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermochromic materials are the most cost effective smart window materials and the organic hydrogel material has large solar modulating ability (ΔTsol) and the luminous transmittance (Tlum) compared with inorganic VO2based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Sheng Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 639798
| | - Yang Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 639798
| | - Freddy Boey Yin Chiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 639798
| | - Yi Long
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 639798
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19
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Caccavo D, Lamberti G, Cascone S, Barba AA, Larsson A. Understanding the adhesion phenomena in carbohydrate-hydrogel-based systems: Water up-take, swelling and elastic detachment. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 131:41-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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20
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Horvát G, Budai-Szűcs M, Berkó S, Szabó-Révész P, Soós J, Facskó A, Maroda M, Mori M, Sandri G, Bonferoni MC, Caramella C, Csányi E. Comparative study of nanosized cross-linked sodium-, linear sodium- and zinc-hyaluronate as potential ocular mucoadhesive drug delivery systems. Int J Pharm 2015; 494:321-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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21
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Monajjemzadeh F, Gholizadeh N, Yousefzadeh Mobaraki N, Jelvehgari M. Physicochemical and in vitro mucoadhesive properties of microparticles/discs of betamethasone for the management of oral lichen planus. Pharm Dev Technol 2015; 21:996-1005. [PMID: 26413792 DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2015.1089895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
This study involved the preparation and evaluation of buccal-mucoadhesive microparticles/discs of bethamethasone disodium phosphate (BDSP). The microparticles were prepared using the emulsion solvent diffusion method. Microparticles were prepared and characterized by encapsulation efficiency particle size, Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) spectrums, Differential Scanning Calorimetric (DSC) thermograms and mucoadhesive properties. FTIR studies reported that BDSP was changed to bethamethasone base molecule inside the intact microparticles. The best drug to polymers ratio in microparticles was F1 containing 50 mg drug, 50 mg HPMC (as non-ionic and hydrophilic polymer) and 50 mg carbomer 934p (an anionic mucoadhesive polymer). The production yield of F1 microparticles was calculated as 78.60% with loading efficiency of about 65.14% and the mean particle size was also measured as 281.84 μm. It was proposed that during the microparticle preparation procedure, water soluble salt of the drug may be converted to the base which could be more effective in the buccal mucosa due to its higher partition coefficient and lipophilicity. The highest and lowest releases resulted from the discs prepared from F1 and F4, respectively, compared with the commercial tablet and untreated drug powder (p < 0.05). The data revealed that the discs exhibited good percentage of mucoadhesion (F1, 326 g/cm2). It may be concluded that drug loaded buccal-mucoadhesive microparticles are a suitable delivery system for BDSP, and may be used in the effective management of lichen planus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Monajjemzadeh
- a Department of Pharmaceutical and Food Analysis , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Narges Gholizadeh
- b Department of Oral Medicine , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Nahid Yousefzadeh Mobaraki
- c Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Islamic Republic of Iran and
| | - Mitra Jelvehgari
- d Department of Pharmaceutics , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Islamic Republic of Iran
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22
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Thiolated poly(aspartic acid) as potential in situ gelling, ocular mucoadhesive drug delivery system. Eur J Pharm Sci 2015; 67:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2014.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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23
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Kassem MA, ElMeshad AN, Fares AR. Enhanced bioavailability of buspirone hydrochloride via cup and core buccal tablets: Formulation and in vitro/in vivo evaluation. Int J Pharm 2014; 463:68-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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24
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Abebe A, Akseli I, Sprockel O, Kottala N, Cuitiño AM. Review of bilayer tablet technology. Int J Pharm 2014; 461:549-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Revised: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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25
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Kottala N, Abebe A, Sprockel O, Bergum J, Nikfar F, Cuitiño AM. Evaluation of the performance characteristics of bilayer tablets: Part I. Impact of material properties and process parameters on the strength of bilayer tablets. AAPS PharmSciTech 2012; 13:1236-42. [PMID: 22976242 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-012-9845-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bilayer tableting technology has gained popularity in recent times, as bilayer tablets offer several advantages over conventional tablets. There is a dearth of knowledge on the impact of material properties and process conditions on the performance of bilayer tablets. This paper takes a statistical approach to develop a model that will determine the effect of the material properties and bilayer compression process parameters on the bonding strength and mode of breakage of bilayer tablets. Experiments were carried out at pilot scale to simulate the commercial manufacturing conditions. As part of this endeavor, a seven-factor half-fraction factorial (2(7-1)) design was executed to study the effect of bilayer tablet compression process factors on the bonding strength of bilayer tablets. Factors studied in this work include: material properties (plastic and brittle), layer ratio, dwell time, layer sequence, first- and second-layer forces, and lubricant concentration. Bilayer tablets manufactured in this study were tested using the axial tester, as it considers both the interfacial and individual layer bonding strengths. Responses of the experiments were analyzed using PROC GLM of SAS (SAS Institute Inc, Cary, North Carolina). A model was fit using all the responses to determine the significant interactions (p < 0.05). The results of this study indicated that nature of materials played a critical role on the strength of bilayer compacts and also on mode of fracture. Bilayer tablets made with brittle materials in both the layers are strongest, and fracture occurred in the first layer indicating that interface is stronger than layers. Significant interactions were observed between the selected factors and these results will provide an insight into the interplay of material properties, process parameters, and lubricant concentration on the bonding strength and mode of breakage of bilayer tablets.
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26
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Kottala N, Abebe A, Sprockel O, Bergum J, Nikfar F, Cuitiño AM. Evaluation of the performance characteristics of bilayer tablets: Part II. Impact of environmental conditions on the strength of bilayer tablets. AAPS PharmSciTech 2012; 13:1190-6. [PMID: 22965660 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-012-9846-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ambient air humidity and temperature are known to influence the mechanical strength of tablets. The objective of this work is to understand the influence of processing parameters and environmental conditions (humidity and temperature) on the strength of bilayer tablets. As part of this study, bilayer tablets were compressed with different layer ratios, dwell times, layer sequences, material properties (plastic and brittle), first and second layer forces, and lubricant concentrations. Compressed tablets were stored in stability chambers controlled at predetermined conditions (40C/45%RH, 40C/75%RH) for 1, 3, and 5 days. The axial strength of the stored tablets was measured and a statistical model was developed to determine the effects of the aforementioned factors on the strength of bilayer tablets. As part of this endeavor, a full 3 × 2(4) factorial design was executed. Responses of the experiments were analyzed using PROC GLM of SAS (SAS Institute Inc, Cary, North Carolina, USA). A model was fit using all the responses to determine the significant interactions (p < 0.05). Results of this study indicated that storage conditions and storage time have significant impact on the strength of bilayer tablets. For Avicel-lactose and lactose-Avicel tablets, tablet strength decreased with the increasing humidity and storage time. But for lactose-lactose tablets, due to the formation of solid bridges upon storage, an increase in tablet strength was observed. Significant interactions were observed between processing parameters and storage conditions on the strength of bilayer tablets.
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27
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Stead LF, Perera R, Bullen C, Mant D, Hartmann-Boyce J, Cahill K, Lancaster T. Nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012; 11:CD000146. [PMID: 23152200 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd000146.pub4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 441] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) is to temporarily replace much of the nicotine from cigarettes to reduce motivation to smoke and nicotine withdrawal symptoms, thus easing the transition from cigarette smoking to complete abstinence. OBJECTIVES The aims of this review were: To determine the effect of NRT compared to placebo in aiding smoking cessation, and to consider whether there is a difference in effect for the different forms of NRT (chewing gum, transdermal patches, oral and nasal sprays, inhalers and tablets/lozenges) in achieving abstinence from cigarettes. To determine whether the effect is influenced by the dosage, form and timing of use of NRT; the intensity of additional advice and support offered to the smoker; or the clinical setting in which the smoker is recruited and treated. To determine whether combinations of NRT are more likely to lead to successful quitting than one type alone. To determine whether NRT is more or less likely to lead to successful quitting compared to other pharmacotherapies. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group trials register for papers mentioning 'NRT' or any type of nicotine replacement therapy in the title, abstract or keywords. Date of most recent search July 2012. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomized trials in which NRT was compared to placebo or to no treatment, or where different doses of NRT were compared. We excluded trials which did not report cessation rates, and those with follow-up of less than six months. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We extracted data in duplicate on the type of participants, the dose, duration and form of nicotine therapy, the outcome measures, method of randomization, and completeness of follow-up. The main outcome measure was abstinence from smoking after at least six months of follow-up. We used the most rigorous definition of abstinence for each trial, and biochemically validated rates if available. We calculated the risk ratio (RR) for each study. Where appropriate, we performed meta-analysis using a Mantel-Haenszel fixed-effect model. MAIN RESULTS We identified 150 trials; 117 with over 50,000 participants contributed to the primary comparison between any type of NRT and a placebo or non-NRT control group. The risk ratio (RR) of abstinence for any form of NRT relative to control was 1.60 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.53 to 1.68). The pooled RRs for each type were 1.49 (95% CI 1.40 to 1.60, 55 trials) for nicotine gum; 1.64 (95% CI 1.52 to 1.78, 43 trials) for nicotine patch; 1.95 (95% CI 1.61 to 2.36, 6 trials) for oral tablets/lozenges; 1.90 (95% CI 1.36 to 2.67, 4 trials) for nicotine inhaler; and 2.02 (95% CI 1.49 to 2.73, 4 trials) for nicotine nasal spray. One trial of oral spray had an RR of 2.48 (95% CI 1.24 to 4.94). The effects were largely independent of the duration of therapy, the intensity of additional support provided or the setting in which the NRT was offered. The effect was similar in a small group of studies that aimed to assess use of NRT obtained without a prescription. In highly dependent smokers there was a significant benefit of 4 mg gum compared with 2 mg gum, but weaker evidence of a benefit from higher doses of patch. There was evidence that combining a nicotine patch with a rapid delivery form of NRT was more effective than a single type of NRT (RR 1.34, 95% CI 1.18 to 1.51, 9 trials). The RR for NRT used for a short period prior to the quit date was 1.18 (95% CI 0.98 to 1.40, 8 trials), just missing statistical significance, though the efficacy increased when we pooled only patch trials and when we removed one trial in which confounding was likely. Five studies directly compared NRT to a non-nicotine pharmacotherapy, bupropion; there was no evidence of a difference in efficacy (RR 1.01; 95% CI 0.87 to 1.18). A combination of NRT and bupropion was more effective than bupropion alone (RR 1.24; 95% CI 1.06 to 1.45, 4 trials). Adverse effects from using NRT are related to the type of product, and include skin irritation from patches and irritation to the inside of the mouth from gum and tablets. There is no evidence that NRT increases the risk of heart attacks. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS All of the commercially available forms of NRT (gum, transdermal patch, nasal spray, inhaler and sublingual tablets/lozenges) can help people who make a quit attempt to increase their chances of successfully stopping smoking. NRTs increase the rate of quitting by 50 to 70%, regardless of setting. The effectiveness of NRT appears to be largely independent of the intensity of additional support provided to the individual. Provision of more intense levels of support, although beneficial in facilitating the likelihood of quitting, is not essential to the success of NRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay F Stead
- Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford,Oxford,UK.
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28
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Nicotine transdermal patches using polymeric natural rubber as the matrix controlling system: Effect of polymer and plasticizer blends. J Memb Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2012.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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29
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Pichayakorn W, Suksaeree J, Boonme P, Amnuaikit T, Taweepreda W, Ritthidej GC. Deproteinized natural rubber film forming polymeric solutions for nicotine transdermal delivery. Pharm Dev Technol 2012; 18:1111-21. [PMID: 22881292 DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2012.705297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Film forming polymeric solutions were prepared from DNRL blended with MC, PVA, or SAG, together with dibutylphthalate or glycerine used as plasticizers. These formulations were easily prepared by simple mixing. In a preliminary step, in situ films were prepared by solvent evaporation in a Petri-dish. Their mechanical and physicochemical properties were determined. The in vitro release and skin permeation of nicotine dissolved in these blended polymers were investigated by a modified Franz diffusion cell. The formulations had a white milky appearance, and were homogeneous and smooth in texture. Their pH was suitable for usage in skin contact. The mechanical property of in situ films depended on the ingredients but all compatible films were in an amorphous phase. The DNRL/PVA was shown to be the most suitable mixture to form completed films. The in vitro release and skin permeation studies demonstrated a biphasic release that provided an initial rapid release followed by a constant release rate that fitted the Higuchi's model. Nicotine loaded DNRL/PVA series were selected for the stability test for 3 months. These formulations needed to be kept at 4°C in tight fitting containers. In conclusion, film forming polymeric solutions could be developed for transdermal nicotine delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiwat Pichayakorn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand.
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Paderni C, Compilato D, Giannola LI, Campisi G. Oral local drug delivery and new perspectives in oral drug formulation. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2012; 114:e25-34. [PMID: 22771408 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2012.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2011] [Revised: 02/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Modern pharmaceutical science has provided us with a wide range of substances to be administered with a wide large variety of dosage forms. Local drug delivery systems have been used for a long time; in particular, for the local therapy of diseases affecting the oral cavity. Although these diseases are often extremely responsive to local therapy, the mouth often presents various difficulties in the application of topical compounds (owing to saliva and the mouth's different functions), resulting in a short retention time of dosage forms with a consequent low therapeutic efficacy. To resolve these limitations, research today concentrates on the development of bioadhesive formulations. This review focuses on the permeability features of oral mucosa, the rationale of oral local drug delivery, and new potential bioadhesive local delivery systems. Furthermore, the most promising mucoadhesive systems proposed to locally treat oral diseases are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Paderni
- Department of Surgical and Oncological Disciplines, Section of Oral Medicine V. Margiotta, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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31
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Pongjanyakul T, Kanjanabat S. Influence of pH modifiers and HPMC viscosity grades on nicotine-magnesium aluminum silicate complex-loaded buccal matrix tablets. AAPS PharmSciTech 2012; 13:674-85. [PMID: 22552930 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-012-9790-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) tablets containing nicotine-magnesium aluminum silicate (NCT-MAS) complex particles and pH modifiers, namely, sodium chloride, citric acid, and magnesium hydroxide, were prepared using the direct compression method. The effects of HPMC viscosity grades and pH modifiers on NCT release and permeation of the matrix tablets were examined. The results showed that the higher the viscosity grade of HPMC that was used in the tablets, the lower was the unidirectional NCT release rate found. The unidirectional NCT permeation was not affected by the viscosity grade of HPMC because the NCT diffusion through the mucosal membrane was the rate-limiting step of the permeation. Incorporation of magnesium hydroxide could retard NCT release, whereas the enhancement of unidirectional NCT release was found in the tablets containing citric acid. Citric acid could inhibit NCT permeation due to the formation of protonated NCT in the swollen tablets at an acidic pH. Conversely, the NCT permeation rate increased with the use of magnesium hydroxide as a result of the neutral NCT that formed at a basic microenvironmental pH. The swollen HPMC tablets, with or without pH modifiers, gave sufficient adhesion to the mucosal membrane. Furthermore, the addition of magnesium hydroxide to the matrix tablets was the major factor in controlling buccal delivery of NCT. This study suggests that the NCT-MAS complex-loaded HPMC tablets, which contained magnesium hydroxide, are potential buccal delivery systems of NCT.
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Enescu C, Shoichet MS. Controlling modulus and morphology of hydrogel tubes through surface modification. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2012; 15:215-27. [PMID: 15109099 DOI: 10.1163/156856204322793593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Crosslinked, porous poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-methyl methacrylate) (PHEMA-MMA) tubes were prepared in cylindrical glass molds using a new centrifugal casting process developed in our group. The resulting hydrogel tubes have a bi-phasic wall structure, with a spongy inner layer and a gel-like outer layer, the latter of which provides mechanical strength to the tube. While many factors influence wall morphology and, thus, mechanical properties, we focused on the effect of the surface properties of the glass mold in which tubes are synthesized. Specifically, we investigated the impact of a diverse set of silane modifications of the glass mold on tube morphology, elastic modulus and mold release. We treated activated glass surfaces with one of three alkoxysilanes having either ethoxy, amine or fluorocarbon end-groups. Silane-modified glass surfaces were found to be more hydrophobic than the unmodified glass mold, with the most hydrophobic surface being that of the fluorocarbon-terminated silane. The presence of the silane layer on the mold was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and the stability of this modification was confirmed by examining the surface chemistry of the hydrogel tubes. The biphasic hydrogel tube wall structure was observed for all tubes, yet those tubes synthesized in unmodified molds had a cracked outer morphology, whereas those synthesized in silane-modified molds had a smooth outer morphology. This influenced the mechanical properties of the tubes where tubes synthesized in silane-modified molds had a significantly greater elastic modulus than those tubes synthesized in unmodified molds. Release from the molds was easiest with ethoxy- and amine-functionalized silane mold modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Enescu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3E5
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Erõs I. Polymers and Biopolymers in Pharmaceutical Technology. Biopolymers 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/9781118164792.ch18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Kanjanabat S, Pongjanyakul T. Preparation and characterization of nicotine-magnesium aluminum silicate complex-loaded sodium alginate matrix tablets for buccal delivery. AAPS PharmSciTech 2011; 12:683-92. [PMID: 21594728 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-011-9633-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2011] [Accepted: 05/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotine (NCT) buccal tablets consisting of sodium alginate (SA) and nicotine-magnesium aluminum silicate (NCT-MAS) complexes acting as drug carriers were prepared using the direct compression method. The effects of the preparation pH levels of the NCT-MAS complexes and the complex/SA ratios on NCT release, permeation across mucosa, and mucoadhesive properties of the tablets were investigated. The NCT-MAS complex-loaded SA tablets had good physical properties and zero-order release kinetics of NCT, which indicate a swelling/erosion-controlled release mechanism. Measurement of unidirectional NCT release and permeation across porcine esophageal mucosa using a modified USP dissolution apparatus 2 showed that NCT delivery was controlled by the swollen gel matrix of the tablets. This matrix, which controlled drug diffusion, resulted from the molecular interactions of SA and MAS. Tablets containing the NCT-MAS complexes prepared at pH 9 showed remarkably higher NCT permeation rates than those containing the complexes prepared at acidic and neutral pH levels. Larger amounts of SA in the tablets decreased NCT release and permeation rates. Additionally, the presence of SA could enhance the mucoadhesive properties of the tablets. These findings suggest that SA plays the important role not only in controlling release and permeation of NCT but also for enhancing the mucoadhesive properties of the NCT-MAS complex-loaded SA tablets, and these tablets demonstrate a promising buccal delivery system for NCT.
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Pund S, Joshi A, Vasu K, Nivsarkar M, Shishoo C. Gastroretentive delivery of rifampicin: In vitro mucoadhesion and in vivo gamma scintigraphy. Int J Pharm 2011; 411:106-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2011] [Revised: 03/20/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Rao S, Song Y, Peddie F, Evans AM. A novel tri-layered buccal mucoadhesive patch for drug delivery: assessment of nicotine delivery. J Pharm Pharmacol 2011; 63:794-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.2011.01283.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
The aim of this study was to assess the potential of a novel delivery device for administering drugs that suffer from a high degree of first-pass metabolism.
Methods
A tri-layered buccal mucoadhesive patch, comprising a medicated dry tablet adhered to a mucoadhesive film, was prepared and characterized by its physicochemical properties and mucoadhesive strength. Nicotine was used as a model drug for the characterization of drug release and drug permeation. The influence of different adsorbents on the release of nicotine base from the patches was evaluated in vitro. Different molecular forms of nicotine (base and complex salt) were evaluated for their effect on release performance and permeation in vitro.
Key findings
Results demonstrated acceptable physicochemical and mucoadhesive properties for the tri-layered patch. Rapid release of nicotine was observed when nicotine base was incorporated with calcium sulfate dihydrate as the adsorbent. Patches incorporating nicotine base showed distinct advantages over those containing nicotine polacrilex, in terms of drug release (complete drug release achieved at 30 vs 60 min) and transmucosal permeation (37.28 ± 4.25 vs 2.87 ± 0.26% of the dose permeating through mucosa within 120 min).
Conclusions
The novel tri-layered patch can effectively adhere to, and deliver an active ingredient through the buccal mucosa, confirming its potential for buccal mucoadhesive drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Rao
- Sansom Institute for Health Research, Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Yunmei Song
- Sansom Institute for Health Research, Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Frank Peddie
- Sansom Institute for Health Research, Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Allan M Evans
- Sansom Institute for Health Research, Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Abu-Huwaij R, Obaidat RM, Sweidan K, Al-Hiari Y. Formulation and in vitro evaluation of xanthan gum or carbopol 934-based mucoadhesive patches, loaded with nicotine. AAPS PharmSciTech 2011; 12:21-7. [PMID: 21161460 PMCID: PMC3066338 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-010-9534-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2009] [Accepted: 10/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bilayer nicotine mucoadhesive patches were prepared and evaluated to determine the feasibility of the formulation as a nicotine replacement product to aid in smoking cessation. Nicotine patches were prepared using xanthan gum or carbopol 934 as a mucoadhesive polymers and ethyl cellulose as a backing layer. The patches were evaluated for their thickness, weight and content uniformity, swelling behavior, drug-polymers interaction, adhesive properties, and drug release. The physicochemical interactions between nicotine and the polymers were investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Mucoadhesion was assessed using two-arm balance method, and the in vitro release was studied using the Franz cell. FTIR revealed that there was an acid base interaction between nicotine and carbopol as well as nicotine and xanthan. Interestingly, the mucoadhesion and in vitro release studies indicated that this interaction was strong between the drug and carbopol whereas it was weak between the drug and xanthan. Loading nicotine concentration to non-medicated patches showed a significant decrease in the mucoadhesion strength of carbopol patches and no significant effect on the mucoadhesion strength of xanthan patches. In vitro release studies of the xanthan patches showed a reasonable fast initial release profile followed by controlled drug release over a 10-h period.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rana M. Obaidat
- />Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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Palem CR, Kumar Battu S, Gannu R, Yamsani VV, Repka MA, Yamsani MR. Role of cyclodextrin complexation in felodipine-sustained release matrix tablets intended for oral transmucosal delivery:In vitroandex vivocharacterization. Pharm Dev Technol 2011; 17:321-32. [DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2010.535829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Critical factors in manufacturing multi-layer tablets—Assessing material attributes, in-process controls, manufacturing process and product performance. Int J Pharm 2010; 398:9-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2010.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2010] [Revised: 07/13/2010] [Accepted: 07/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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40
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McRobbie H, Thornley S, Bullen C, Lin RB, Senior H, Laugesen M, Whittaker R, Hajek P. A randomized trial of the effects of two novel nicotine replacement therapies on tobacco withdrawal symptoms and user satisfaction. Addiction 2010; 105:1290-8. [PMID: 20491724 DOI: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2010.02950.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To determine effects on craving, user satisfaction, and consumption patterns of two new nicotine replacement therapies (NRT) used for eight hours after overnight tobacco abstinence. DESIGN In a within-subject, cross-over trial participants were randomly assigned Zonnic nicotine mouth spray (1 mg/spray), Zonnic nicotine lozenge (2.5 mg), Nicorette gum (4 mg) and placebo lozenge on each of four study days. SETTING University research unit. PARTICIPANTS Forty-seven dependent adult smokers. MEASUREMENTS Participants rated their urges to smoke, irritability, concentration and restlessness before and during the first hour of product use on a 100-point scale. A subsample of 11 participants provided blood samples for nicotine analysis. FINDINGS All active products reduced craving significantly more than placebo (mean reductions of 28.6, 25.8, 24.7 and 8.9 points for mouth spray, gum, lozenge and placebo). Mouth spray relieved craving faster than placebo and gum with significant reductions within five minutes of use (mean differences of -14.5 (95% CI: -23.0 to -6.0) and -10.6 (95% CI: -19.1 to -2.1) with placebo and gum respectively. Mouth spray produced a faster time to maximum plasma nicotine concentration (14.5 minutes, 95% CI: 8.0 to 21.0) compared to the lozenge (30.3 minutes, 95% CI: 21.1 to 39.5) and gum (45.8 minutes, 95% CI: 36.2 to 55.4). Maximum concentrations of blood nicotine were higher with mouth spray (10.0 ng/ml) and lozenge (10.8 ng/ml) compared to gum (7.8 ng/ml). Both lozenge and mouth spray were well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS The mouth spray and lozenge are at least as effective as 4 mg nicotine gum in relieving craving suggesting that they are likely to be effective in aiding smoking cessation. The mouth spray may be particularly useful for acute craving relief.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayden McRobbie
- Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK.
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Kulkarni U, Mahalingam R, Pather I, Li X, Jasti B. Porcine buccal mucosa as in vitro model: effect of biological and experimental variables. J Pharm Sci 2010; 99:1265-77. [PMID: 19739112 DOI: 10.1002/jps.21907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Porcine buccal mucosa has been used as an in vitro model to assess the potential of delivering a molecule via the transbuccal route. However, permeation studies across porcine buccal mucosa show high variability due to various experimental and biological factors. The variability associated with the use of different mucosal regions, tissue storage conditions and tissue processing methods on drug permeation was investigated in this study. The permeability of model diffusants was significantly higher in the region behind the lip when compared to the cheek region because the latter has a thicker epithelium. Porcine buccal mucosa retained its integrity in Kreb's bicarbonate ringer solution at 4 degrees C for 24 h while many other storage conditions resulted in loss of epithelial integrity. Separation of the epithelium from underlying connective tissue either surgically or by heat treatment resulted in an epithelial thickness of approximately 150 microm. Separation of epithelium from the underlying connective tissue by heat treatment did not adversely affect its permeability and integrity characteristics. Investigation of these important biological and experimental variables provides guidance for conducting in vitro transbuccal permeation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upendra Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, California 95211, USA
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Sandri G, Rossi S, Ferrari F, Bonferoni MC, Zerrouk N, Caramella C. Mucoadhesive and penetration enhancement properties of three grades of hyaluronic acid using porcine buccal and vaginal tissue, Caco-2 cell lines, and rat jejunum. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 56:1083-90. [PMID: 15324476 DOI: 10.1211/0022357044085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The influence of the molecular weight on mucoadhesive and penetration enhancement properties of three grades of hyaluronic acid (1878, 693 and 202 kDa) has been evaluated. The mucoadhesive properties were investigated using buccal and vaginal porcine mucosa by means of a tensile stress method and using rat jejunum by means of an inclined plane method. The mucoadhesive performances observed using animal tissues were compared with the mucoadhesive properties observed using submaxillary or gastric mucin dispersions. The penetration enhancement properties were investigated using porcine buccal epithelium membrane or vaginal tissue and a cell monolayer (Caco-2 cell line). Chitosan hydrochloride, already described as a penetration enhancer towards buccal and vaginal mucosae and Caco-2 cell monolayers, was used as reference. Aciclovir (acyclovir), a poorly soluble and absorbable drug, commonly used in the treatment of Herpes simplex virus (type I and II), was used as the model drug. Unlike chitosan hydrochloride, which does not show any mucoadhesive potential at pH close to neutrality (buccal and intestinal), all hyaluronic acid grades show mucoadhesive properties in all the environments considered (buccal, vaginal and intestinal). In all cases, a decrease in molecular weight of hyaluronic acid produced an increase in the mucoadhesive performance. The hyaluronic acid with the lowest molecular weight (202 kD) exhibited the best penetration enhancement properties, that, depending on the substrate under consideration, was either comparable with or even better than chitosan hydrochloride. Therefore, this grade would be the most promising for buccal, vaginal and intestinal delivery of aciclovir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Sandri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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McInnes F, Baillie AJ, Stevens HNE. The use of simple dynamic mucosal models and confocal microscopy for the evaluation of lyophilised nasal formulations. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 59:759-67. [PMID: 17637168 DOI: 10.1211/jpp.59.6.0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A range of methods is reported in the literature for assessing hydration and adhesion parameters in the performance of nasal bioadhesive formulations; however, these tests do not always represent the dynamic conditions in the nasal cavity. Lyophilised formulations intended for nasal administration were evaluated using in-vitro tests designed in an attempt to mimic relevant processes in the nasal cavity, and intended to discriminate between different formulations. Initial investigative studies using scanning electron microscopy revealed that the lyophilisate had a highly porous internal structure, expected to provide an ideal porous pathway for re-hydration. Vapour sorption analysis demonstrated substantial weight gain of the lyophilisates on exposure to 95% relative humidity, ranging from 38% to 66%. Agar was used as a synthetic mucosal model designed to provide a standardised quantity of water available for rehydration of the formulations in in-vitro tests. A dynamic adhesion test and a texture analyser sliding test were designed to quantify different aspects of the spreading and adhesion of the hydrating formulations on the synthetic mucosal surface. Examination of the lyophilised formulations using confocal microscopy allowed visualisation and quantification of the initial rate of water ingress into the lyophilisates, which was found to consist of an initial rapid phase, followed by a slower steady-state phase. The results demonstrated that the use of a combination of methods representing the dynamic conditions of the nasal cavity is advisable in order to evaluate a formulation fully and to avoid misleading conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona McInnes
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 27 Taylor Street, Glasgow G4 0NR, UK.
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Boyapally H, Nukala RK, Bhujbal P, Douroumis D. Controlled release from directly compressible theophylline buccal tablets. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2010; 77:227-33. [PMID: 20188529 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2010.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2009] [Revised: 01/03/2010] [Accepted: 01/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the current study was the development of theophylline buccal adhesive tablets using direct compression. Buccal adhesive formulations were developed using a water soluble resin with various combinations of mucoadhesive polymers. The prepared theophylline tablets were evaluated for tensile strength, swelling capacity and ex vivo mucoadhesion performance. Ex vivo mucoadhesion was assessed using porcine gingival tissue and the peak detachment forces were found to be suitable for a buccal adhesive tablet with a maximum of 1.5 N approximately. The effect of formulation composition on the release pattern was also investigated. Most formulations showed theophylline controlled release profiles depended on the grade and polymer ratio. The release mechanisms were found to fit Peppas' kinetic model over a period of 5h. In general the majority of the developed formulations presented suitable adhesion and controlled drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harikrishna Boyapally
- Greenwich University, School of Science, Medway Campus, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK
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45
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Alginate-magnesium aluminum silicate films for buccal delivery of nicotine. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2009; 74:103-13. [PMID: 19643587 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2009.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2009] [Revised: 06/21/2009] [Accepted: 06/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Sodium alginate-magnesium aluminum silicate (SA-MAS) dispersions with nicotine (NCT) were prepared at different pHs and characterized for the particle size and zeta potential, NCT adsorbed by MAS, and flow behavior before film casting. The physicochemical properties, NCT content, in vitro bioadhesive property, and NCT release and permeation of the NCT-loaded SA-MAS films were investigated. This study showed that incorporation of NCT into the SA-MAS dispersions caused a change in particle size and flow behavior and that NCT could be adsorbed by MAS. The formation of protonated NCT at acidic and neutral pHs could interact with negatively charged MAS via an electrostatic force, resulting in the formation of NCT-MAS flocculates/complexes that could act as microreservoirs in the films. The NCT-loaded SA-MAS films prepared at pH 5 yielded the highest NCT content due to non-significant loss of NCT during drying. Moreover, pH of the preparation also affected the crystallinity and thermal properties of the films. The NCT release and permeation across the mucosal membrane of the films could be described using a matrix diffusion controlled mechanism. In addition, the NCT-loaded SA-MAS films also possessed a bioadhesive property for adhesion to the mucosal membrane. This finding suggests that the NCT-loaded SA-MAS films composed of numerous NCT-MAS complexes as microreservoirs demonstrated a strong potential for use as a buccal delivery system.
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46
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Asane GS, Nirmal SA, Rasal KB, Naik AA, Mahadik MS, Rao YM. Polymers for mucoadhesive drug delivery system: a current status. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2009; 34:1246-66. [PMID: 18720139 DOI: 10.1080/03639040802026012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
To overcome the relatively short gastrointestinal (GI) time and improve localization for oral controlled or sustained release drug delivery systems, bioadhesive polymers that adhere to the mucin/epithelial surface are effective and lead to significant improvement in oral drug delivery. Improvements are also expected for other mucus-covered sites of drug administration. Bioadhesive polymers find application in the eye, nose, and vaginal cavity as well as in the GI tract, including the buccal cavity and rectum. This article lays emphasis mainly on mucoadhesive polymers, their properties, and their applications in buccal, ocular, nasal, and vaginal drug delivery systems with its evaluation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Asane
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Pravara Rural College of Pharmacy, Loni, M.S., India.
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47
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Aktaş A, Giray B, Çapan Y, Menemenlioğlu D, Hayran M, İkinci G, Vural İ. Microbiological and clinical comparison of chlorhexidine buccoadhesive tablet and chlorhexidine mouthrinse. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1773-2247(09)50073-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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48
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Wu CY, Seville JP. A comparative study of compaction properties of binary and bilayer tablets. POWDER TECHNOL 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2008.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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49
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Kundu J, Patra C, Kundu S. Design, fabrication and characterization of silk fibroin-HPMC-PEG blended films as vehicle for transmucosal delivery. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2008.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Abstract
The oral mucosal cavity is a feasible, safe, and very attractive site for drug delivery with good acceptance by users. The mucosa is relatively permeable and robust, shows short recovery times after stress or damage, is tolerant to potential allergens, and has a rich blood supply. Moreover, oral mucosal drug delivery bypasses the first-pass effect and avoids presystemic elimination in the gastrointestinal tract. Bioadhesive systems provide intimate contact between a dosage form and the absorbing tissue, which may result in high concentration in a local area and hence high drug flux through the absorbing tissue. The efficacy of oral bioadhesive drug delivery systems is affected by the biological environment and the properties of the polymer and the drug. In the present paper, we review systematically some relevant citations regarding the environment, strategies for oral drug delivery and evaluation, and utilization of the main polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Luciano Bruschi
- Departamento de Farmácia e Farmacologia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
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