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Toukabri I, Bahri S, Sfar S, Lassoued MA. Impact of crystal polymorphism of rifaximin on dissolution behavior. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27131. [PMID: 38449665 PMCID: PMC10915558 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Rifaximin is an intestinal antiseptic which has five (pseudo) polymorphs α, β, γ, δ and ε. These last (pseudo)polymorphs have different physicochemical properties. The objective of the study is to assess the impact of rifaximin polymorphism on its dissolution rate which could affect its bioavailability. Material and methods The analytical validation of dissolution assay method by UV-Visible spectrophotometry was carried out according to ICH Q2. The physicochemical characterization (solubility test, FTIR, DSC, XRD) was carried out on four active pharmaceutical ingredient (MP1, MP2, MP3, MP4). MP1 and MP2 were used by the manufacturer of generic brand 1 (G1) and MP3 and MP4 were used by the manufacturer of generic brand 2 (G2). The comparative in-vitro dissolution study was carried out on the leader brand (P), G1 and G2. Results The four MPs were analyzed by XRD. The results of analysis showed that MP1 and MP4 were a mixture of α form and amorphous form. MP2 had an amorphous form and MP3 had a crystalline form β. The spectra of FTIR showed that the four MP had characteristics bands of rifaximin in the domain 4000-400 cm-1. The differences between the spectra of the four MPs were observed among the amorphous form (MP2), around the region 1800 to 1820 cm-1 which is attributed to the vibration of the CO group. An additional difference observed among the amorphous form (MP2) is around the region 1400 cm-1 which is attributed to the banding OH. The thermograms of MP1, MP2 and MP4 showed endothermic peaks which are probably attributed to the departure of water which indicate that MP1, MP2 and MP4 are pseudopolymoph (hydrate). For the four MPs, probably the melting points are interrupted by the phenomenon of phase transformations (Crystallization) which are reflected by exothermic peaks around 200°C-250 °C.Our results showed that the crystalline polymorphism of rifaximin influences its solubility. According to the results of the solubility test, the β crystal form of rifaximin (MP3) had the lowest solubility (3.47 μg/ml). MP2 had the highest solubility (8.35 μg/ml) and MP1 and MP4 had intermediate solubilities (5.47 μg/ml and 6.74 μg/ml). Comparative in vitro dissolution results showed that the dissolution profile of P was not similar to that of G1 and G2 (% dissolution (P)30min = 60%; % dissolution (G1) 30 min = 100% and % dissolution (G2) 30 min = 115%; f1(P versus G1) = 44; f1(P versus G2) = 61) in M1, while G1 and G2 had comparatively similar dissolution profiles (% dissolution (G1) 30 min = 100%; % dissolution (G1) 30 min = 110%; f1 (G1 versus G2) = 14) in M1. Conclusion This study highlighted the impact of rifaximin polymorphism on its physico-chemical properties (crystal structure, thermal behavior, solubility) and on its dissolution behavior which could affect the rifaximin bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imen Toukabri
- Laboratory of Chemical, Galenic and Pharmacological Development of Medicines (LR12ES09), Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Senda Bahri
- Laboratory of Chemical, Galenic and Pharmacological Development of Medicines (LR12ES09), Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Souad Sfar
- Laboratory of Chemical, Galenic and Pharmacological Development of Medicines (LR12ES09), Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Ali Lassoued
- Laboratory of Chemical, Galenic and Pharmacological Development of Medicines (LR12ES09), Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
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Huang Z, Staufenbiel S, Bodmeier R. Combination of co-crystal and nanocrystal techniques to improve the solubility and dissolution rate of poorly soluble drugs. Pharm Res 2022; 39:949-961. [PMID: 35552985 PMCID: PMC9160134 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03243-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Solubility and dissolution rate are essential for the oral absorption and bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. The aim of this study was to prepare nano-co-crystals by combination of nanocrystal and co-crystal technologies, and investigate its effect, in situ, on increased kinetic solubility and dissolution rate. Methods Co-crystals of itraconazole-fumaric acid, itraconazole-succinic acid, indomethacin-saccharin and indomethacin-nicotinamide were prepared and nano-sized by wet milling. The particle size and solid state of the co-crystals were characterized by optical microscope, LD, PCS, DSC and XRPD before and after milling. Results 300-450 nm sized nano-co-crystals with a stable physical solid state were successfully prepared. Nano-co-crystals exhibited a lower crystallinity reduction than nanocrystals after wet milling. The particle size effect on the kinetic solubility of co-crystals was analysed for macro-, micro- and nano-co-crystals with in situ kinetic solubility studies. The maximum kinetic solubility of nano-co-crystals increased with excess conditions until a plateau. The highest increase was obtained with itraconazole-succinic acid nano-co-crystals with a kinetic solubility of 263.5 ± 3.9 μg/mL which was 51.5 and 6.6 times higher than the solubility of raw itraconazole and itraconazole-succinic acid co-crystal. Conclusions The synergistic effect of nanocrystals and co-crystals with regard to increased kinetic solubility and dissolution rate was proven. The combination of the advantages of nanocrystals and co-crystals is a promising formulation strategy to increase both the solubility and dissolution rate of poorly soluble drugs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11095-022-03243-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zun Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Kelchstr. 31, 12169, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sven Staufenbiel
- College of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Kelchstr. 31, 12169, Berlin, Germany
| | - Roland Bodmeier
- College of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Kelchstr. 31, 12169, Berlin, Germany.
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3
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Wang F, Yu W, Popescu C, Ibrahim AA, Yu D, Pearson R, MacKerell AD, Hoag SW. Cholecalciferol complexation with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPBCD) and its molecular dynamics simulation. Pharm Dev Technol 2022; 27:389-398. [PMID: 35468028 PMCID: PMC9233054 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2022.2064492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The focus of the current study is to investigate cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) solubilization by hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPBCD) complexation through experimental and computational studies. Phase solubility diagram of vitamin D3 (completely insoluble in water) has an AP profile revealing a deviation from a linear regression with HPBCD concentration increase. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is the best tool to confirm complex formation by disappearance of cholecalciferol exothermic peak in cholecalciferol-HPBCD complex thermogram, due to its amorphous state by entering HPBCD inner hydrophobic cavity, similarly validated by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). AP solubility diagram profile can be associated with cholecalciferol-HPBCD complex instability in liquid phase requiring spray drying to bring it to a solid dispersion state (always more stable) illustrated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Computational studies led to a deeper understanding and clarification, at molecular level, of the interactions within cholecalciferol-HPBCD complex. Thermodynamics and geometry of the complex were investigated by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Wenbo Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, USA
- University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland Computer Aided Drug Design Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Ahmed Ashour Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dongyue Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ryan Pearson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alexander D. MacKerell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, USA
- University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland Computer Aided Drug Design Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stephen W. Hoag
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Obaidat R, BaniAmer F, Assaf SM, Yassin A. Fabrication and Evaluation of Transdermal Delivery of Carbamazepine Dissolving Microneedles. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 22:253. [PMID: 34668082 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-02136-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This project aims to prepare hydrogel microneedle patches (MNs) as a painless method to deliver carbamazepine transdermally. This can be used as a sustained release system that offers the advantages of lower gastrointestinal side effects and avoids the first-pass metabolism of the drug. MNs were composed of two medicated layers, a microneedle layer and a base layer. MNs were fabricated using polyvinyl alcohol with or without polyvinylpyrrolidone Kollidon 30 as a matrix polymer and in the presence of selected solubilizing agent (polyethylene glycol 400, Tween 80, or α-tocopherol polyethylene glycol). Freezing-thawing cycle was evaluated as one of the processing parameters that may affect the drug release. The MNs were evaluated for their weight variation, base thickness, and content uniformity. The physicochemical compatibility between carbamazepine and the polymers was estimated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and X-ray powder diffraction. Evaluation for the in vitro release studies and ex vivo permeation studies was performed. The prepared MNs were flexible, clear, and uniform in weight, base thickness, and drug content. Physicochemical characterizations showed that carbamazepine was amorphous in most of the MNs. In vitro release and ex vivo permeation studies of carbamazepine were significantly higher for MNs containing a combination of 1:1 w/w of PEG 400 and Tween 80 as solubilizing agents where the release was extended over 96 h, with the release of 85.2% and 59.6% permeation percentage compared to other MNs. A significant effect of the freezing-thawing cycle on the release profile of the drug was observed. The hydrogel MNs are shown to be stable under the studied storage conditions.
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Lim H, Yu D, Hoag SW. Application of near-infrared spectroscopy in detecting residual crystallinity in carbamazepine – Soluplus® solid dispersions prepared with solvent casting and hot-melt extrusion. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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6
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Deshkar SS, Jadhav MS, Shirolkar SV. Development of Carbamazepine Nanostructured Lipid Carrier Loaded Thermosensitive Gel for Intranasal Delivery. Adv Pharm Bull 2020; 11:150-162. [PMID: 33747862 PMCID: PMC7961220 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2021.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The present research work was designed to formulate and evaluate carbamazepine (CBZ) loaded nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) based in-situ gel for nasal delivery. Methods: The NLC formulation of CBZ was prepared by microemulsion technique followed by probe sonication and evaluated for particle size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency and in vitro drug diffusion. NLC formulation was incorporated into in-situ gelling formulation using poloxamer 407 (P407), poloxamer 188 (P188) and mucoadhesive polymer. The effect of concentration of poloxamer 188 (X1 ), type of mucoadhesive polymer (X2 ) and concentration of mucoadhesive polymer (X3 ) on gelling temperature (Y1 ) and drug diffusion after 8 h (Y2 ) was studied using Box-Behnken design. In vivo anticonvulsant activity of optimized formulation was studied in Wistar rats by maximal electro-convulsion model (MES). Results: The optimized CBZ NLC formulation, with 20% drug loading, 0.5:1 as Precirol:Capmul MCM ratio as lipid phase and 1:3 as Lipid:Smix ratio, resulted in 89.73±0.2% drug entrapment, 55.95±1.09% of drug diffusion after 8 h, particle size of 132.8 nm with polydispersity index of 0.302 and zeta potential of -29.2±6.1 mV. The in-situ gel formulation with 20% P407, 5% P188 and 0.2% chitosan was optimized and demonstrated excellent gelling ability, gelling temperature in the range of 30 to 35°C, 42.46% of drug diffusion in 8 h by Fickian diffusion mechanism and 31.34±0.76% of drug permeation through sheep nasal mucosa. In vitro anticonvulsant activity in MES model in rat demonstrated significant efficacy (71.95% protection against seizure in extension phase) as compared to plain in-situ nasal gel (50.26% protection against seizure in extension phase). Conclusion: NLC based in-situ gelling formulation demonstrated its potential for nasal delivery of CBZ with improved anticonvulsant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeevani Shekhar Deshkar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pimpri, Pune, India - 411018
| | - Monali Shivaji Jadhav
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pimpri, Pune, India - 411018
| | - Satish Vasudeo Shirolkar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pimpri, Pune, India - 411018
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Arora U, Thakkar V, Baldaniya L, Gohel MC. Fabrication and evaluation of fast disintegrating pellets of cilostazol. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2020; 46:1927-1946. [PMID: 33026265 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2020.1826509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to formulate and develop fast disintegrating pellets of poorly soluble model drug (cilostazol) by reducing the proportion of micro-crystalline cellulose with pre-gelatinized starch (PGS), lactose and chitosan. The bioavailability enhancement of a model drug was achieved by preparing inclusion complex with Captisol® (Sulfobutyl Ether β cyclodextrin - SBE-β-CD). Extrusion-spheronization technique was used to formulate pellets. Placket-Burman design was used for the initial screening of most significant factors such as screen size (mm), ratio of micro crystalline cellulose: PGS + lactose + chitosan and % of HPMC which affects pellet properties. The inclusion complex of drug and Captisol® (SBE-β-CD) was prepared by Solvent Evaporation method and were incorporated into pellets in a predefined proportion. Formulation was optimized by using 32 full factorial design, the optimized batch was selected on the basis of dependent variables such as % yield, pellet size, disintegration time and % Cumulative drug release (%CDR), the obtained results were 87.15%, 0.75 mm, 13 min and 91.024% respectively. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) study revealed no significant interaction between drug and polymer. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed uniform and spherical shaped pellets having pores on the surface which facilitates wicking action and fast disintegrating property of pellets. A design space was constructed to meet the desirable target and optimized batch. The scope of study can further extended to hydrophobic molecules which may useful due to rapid disintegration and enhanced dissolution rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udit Arora
- Pharmaceutics Department, Anand Pharmacy College, Gujarat, India
| | - Vaishali Thakkar
- Pharmaceutics Department, Anand Pharmacy College, Gujarat, India
| | - Lalji Baldaniya
- Pharmaceutics Department, Anand Pharmacy College, Gujarat, India
| | - Mukesh C Gohel
- Pharmaceutics Department, Anand Pharmacy College, Gujarat, India
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Gurina DL, Budkov YA, Kiselev MG. Impregnation of Poly(methyl methacrylate) with Carbamazepine in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide: Molecular Dynamics Simulation. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:8410-8417. [PMID: 32930588 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c05657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Fully atomistic molecular dynamics simulations are employed to study impregnation of the poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) matrix with carbamazepine (CBZ) in supercritical carbon dioxide. The simulation box consists of 108 macromolecules of the polymer sample with the polymerization degree of 100, 57 molecules of CBZ, and 242,522 CO2 molecules. The simulation is performed at 333 K and 20 MPa. It is found that by the end of the simulation, the CBZ uptake reaches 1.09 wt % and 50 molecules are sorbed by PMMA. The main type of interaction between PMMA and CBZ is hydrogen bonding between the carbonyl oxygen of PMMA and the hydrogen atoms of the CBZ NH2-group. At the polymer surface, CBZ exists not only in the molecular form, as inside the polymer and in the bulk solution, but also in the form of dimers and trimers. The energy of formation of the hydrogen-bonded complexes is estimated within ab initio calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darya L Gurina
- G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Akademicheskaya Street, Ivanovo 153045, Russian Federation
| | - Yury A Budkov
- G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Akademicheskaya Street, Ivanovo 153045, Russian Federation.,Tikhonov Moscow Institute of Electronics and Mathematics, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Tallinskaya st. 34, 123458 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail G Kiselev
- G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Akademicheskaya Street, Ivanovo 153045, Russian Federation
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Bertoni S, Albertini B, Passerini N. Different BCS Class II Drug-Gelucire Solid Dispersions Prepared by Spray Congealing: Evaluation of Solid State Properties and In Vitro Performances. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12060548. [PMID: 32545643 PMCID: PMC7356387 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12060548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Delivery of poorly water soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) by semi-crystalline solid dispersions prepared by spray congealing in form of microparticles (MPs) is an emerging method to increase their oral bioavailability. In this study, solid dispersions based on hydrophilic Gelucires® (Gelucire® 50/13 and Gelucire® 48/16 in different ratio) of three BCS class II model compounds (carbamazepine, CBZ, tolbutamide, TBM, and cinnarizine, CIN) having different physicochemical properties (logP, pKa, Tm) were produced by spray congealing process. The obtained MPs were investigated in terms of morphology, particles size, drug content, solid state properties, drug-carrier interactions, solubility, and dissolution performances. The solid-state characterization showed that the properties of the incorporated drug had a profound influence on the structure of the obtained solid dispersion: CBZ recrystallized in a different polymorphic form, TBM crystallinity was significantly reduced as a result of specific interactions with the carrier, while smaller crystals were observed in case of CIN. The in vitro tests suggested that the drug solubility was mainly influenced by carrier composition, while the drug dissolution behavior was affected by the API solid state in the MPs after the spray congealing process. Among the tested APIs, TBM-Gelucire dispersions showed the highest enhancement in drug dissolution as a result of the reduced drug crystallinity.
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Levenstein MA, Wayment L, Scott CD, Lunt R, Flandrin PB, Day SJ, Tang CC, Wilson CC, Meldrum FC, Kapur N, Robertson K. Dynamic Crystallization Pathways of Polymorphic Pharmaceuticals Revealed in Segmented Flow with Inline Powder X-ray Diffraction. Anal Chem 2020; 92:7754-7761. [PMID: 32365293 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the transitions between polymorphs is essential in the development of strategies for manufacturing and maximizing the efficiency of pharmaceuticals. However, this can be extremely challenging: crystallization can be influenced by subtle changes in environment, such as temperature and mixing intensity or even imperfections in the crystallizer walls. Here, we highlight the importance of in situ measurements in understanding crystallization mechanisms, where a segmented flow crystallizer was used to study the crystallization of the pharmaceuticals urea: barbituric acid (UBA) and carbamazepine (CBZ). The reactor provides highly reproducible reaction conditions, while in situ synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) enables us to monitor the evolution of this system. UBA has two polymorphs of almost equivalent free-energy and so is typically obtained as a polymorphic mixture. In situ PXRD analysis uncovered a progression of polymorphs from UBA III to the thermodynamic polymorph UBA I, where different positions along the length of the tubular flow crystallizer correspond to different reaction times. Addition of UBA I seed crystals modified this pathway such that only UBA I was observed throughout, while transformation from UBA III into UBA I still occurred in the presence of UBA III seeds. Information regarding the mixing-dependent kinetics of the CBZ form II to III transformation was also uncovered in a series of seeded and unseeded flow crystallization runs, despite atypical habit expression. These results illustrate the importance of coupling controlled reaction environments with in situ XRD to study the phase relationships in polymorphic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Levenstein
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.,School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Lois Wayment
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K.,CMAC Future Manufacturing Hub, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K.,Diamond Light Source, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, U.K
| | - C Daniel Scott
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K.,Centre for Sustainable Chemical Technologies, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Ruth Lunt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K.,CMAC Future Manufacturing Hub, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | | | - Sarah J Day
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, U.K
| | - Chiu C Tang
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, U.K
| | - Chick C Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Fiona C Meldrum
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Nikil Kapur
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Karen Robertson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
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Wardhana YW, Hardian A, Chaerunisa AY, Suendo V, Soewandhi SN. Kinetic estimation of solid state transition during isothermal and grinding processes among efavirenz polymorphs. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03876. [PMID: 32405549 PMCID: PMC7210586 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Investigation into the solid-state transition among drug polymorphs has been more intense lately. Many factors induce the transformation of polymorphs during manufacturing processes. Efavirenz (EFV), an AIDS therapy drug, has more than 23 polymorphs, but very little information has been reported on them. This study aimed to perform a characterisation of EFV polymorph properties and to predict the kinetics and mechanism of the polymorphic transformation of EFV during manufacturing processes. The bimorphism study was conducted by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) thermal analysis. The phase transition kinetics of the polymorphs was monitored by X-ray powder diffraction and the quantification of concomitant polymorphs was examined using Rietveld refinement with MAUD ver. 2.7 as a software aid. To predict the solid-state transition, correlation coefficients of solid-state kinetic models were fitted to the experimental data. The results show that Form I and Form II of EFV were thermodynamically shown to be monotropy related. By fitting the experimental data, it was found that isothermal treatment had the best model fit with the phase boundary reaction in the two-dimensional model (G2). Accordingly, by employing mechanical treatment (grinding), it was predicted that the transition mechanism is a second-ordered reaction (R2). The activation energy of the transition during isothermal treatment calculated by the Arrhenius plot was found to be 23.051 kJ mol-1; the half-lif of Form II at ambient temperature was 428.05 min (~7.1 h).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoga Windhu Wardhana
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Institute Technology of Bandung (ITB), Indonesia
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceuticals Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran (UNPAD), Indonesia
| | - Arie Hardian
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Division, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, ITB, Indonesia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Jenderal Achmad Jani (UNJANI), Indonesia
| | - Anis Y. Chaerunisa
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceuticals Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran (UNPAD), Indonesia
| | - Veinardi Suendo
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Division, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, ITB, Indonesia
- Research Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Institute Technology of Bandung (ITB), Indonesia
| | - Sundani N. Soewandhi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Institute Technology of Bandung (ITB), Indonesia
- Research Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Institute Technology of Bandung (ITB), Indonesia
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12
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Tian B, Ding Z, Zong S, Yang J, Wang N, Wang T, Huang X, Hao H. Manipulation of Pharmaceutical Polymorphic Transformation Process Using Excipients. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:2553-2563. [PMID: 32053064 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200213122302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the pharmaceutical field, it is vital to ensure a consistent product containing a single solid-state form of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) in the drug product. However, some APIs are suffering from the risk of transformation of their target forms during processing, formulation and storage. METHODS The purpose of this review is to summarize the relevant category of excipients and demonstrate the availability and importance of using excipients as a key strategy to manipulate pharmaceutical polymorphic transformation. RESULTS The excipient effects on solvent-mediated phase transformations, solid-state transitions and amorphous crystallization are significant. Common pharmaceutical excipients including amino acids and derivatives, surfactants, and various polymers and their different manipulation effects were summarized and discussed. CONCLUSION Appropriate use of excipients plays a role in manipulating polymorphic transformation process of corresponding APIs, with a promising application of guaranteeing the stability and effectiveness of drug dosage forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beiqian Tian
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhiyong Ding
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Shuyi Zong
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jinyue Yang
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Na Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ting Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xin Huang
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Hongxun Hao
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
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13
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Stabilisation and Growth of Metastable Form II of Fluconazole in Amorphous Solid Dispersions. Pharmaceutics 2019; 12:pharmaceutics12010012. [PMID: 31877666 PMCID: PMC7023302 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The crystallisation of metastable drug polymorphs in polymer matrices has been reported as a successful approach to enhance the solubility of poorly water-soluble drug molecules. This can be achieved using different polymers, drug to polymer ratios and formulation techniques enabling the formation of stable nuclei and subsequent growth of new or metastable drug polymorphs. In this work we elucidated the polymorphism behaviour of a model compound fluconazole (FLU) embedded in solid dispersions with amorphous Soluplus® (SOL) obtained using spray drying and fusion methods. The effect of humidity on the stability of FLU in the obtained dispersions was also evaluated. FLU at a drug content below 40 wt. % stayed amorphous in the dispersions prepared using the fusion method and crystallised exclusively into metastable form II at a drug content above 40 wt. % and 70% relative humidity (RH) conditions. In contrast, a mixture of forms I, II and hydrate of FLU was detected in the spray dried formulations after 14 days of storage at 40 °C/40% RH, with preferential growth of thermodynamically stable form I of FLU. This study highlights the importance of preparation techniques and the drug:polymer ratio in the formulation of amorphous solid dispersions and provides further understanding of the complex crystallisation behaviour of amorphous pharmaceuticals encapsulated in the polymer matrixes.
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14
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Effect on in-vitro release of individual and dual contraceptive drug loading from gelatin electrospun fibers. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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15
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Expedited Tablet Formulation Development of a Highly Soluble Carbamazepine Cocrystal Enabled by Precipitation Inhibition in Diffusion Layer. Pharm Res 2019; 36:90. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-019-2622-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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16
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Khatri P, Shah MK, Patel N, Jain S, Vora N, Lin S. Preparation and characterization of pyrimethamine solid dispersions and an evaluation of the physical nature of pyrimethamine in solid dispersions. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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17
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Viveiros R, Rebocho S, Casimiro T. Green Strategies for Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Development. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E306. [PMID: 30966341 PMCID: PMC6415187 DOI: 10.3390/polym10030306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular imprinting is a powerful technology to create artificial receptors within polymeric matrices. Although it was reported for the first time by Polyakov, eighty-four years ago, it remains, nowadays, a very challenging research area. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have been successfully used in several applications where selective binding is a requirement, such as immunoassays, affinity separation, sensors, and catalysis. Conventional methods used on MIP production still use large amounts of organic solvents which, allied with stricter legislation on the use and release of chemicals to the environment and the presence of impurities on final materials, will boost, in our opinion, the use of new cleaner synthetic strategies, in particular, with the application of the principles of green chemistry and engineering. Supercritical carbon dioxide, microwave, ionic liquids, and ultrasound technology are some of the green strategies which have already been applied in MIP production. These strategies can improve MIP properties, such as controlled morphology, homogeneity of the binding sites, and the absence of organic solvents. This review intends to give examples reported in literature on green approaches to MIP development, from nano- to micron-scale applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Viveiros
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Sílvia Rebocho
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Teresa Casimiro
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
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18
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Van Duong T, Lüdeker D, Van Bockstal PJ, De Beer T, Van Humbeeck J, Van den Mooter G. Polymorphism of Indomethacin in Semicrystalline Dispersions: Formation, Transformation, and Segregation. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:1037-1051. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tu Van Duong
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N2, Herestraat 49 b921, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, 13-15 Le Thanh Tong, Hoan Kiem, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - David Lüdeker
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N2, Herestraat 49 b921, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pieter-Jan Van Bockstal
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Process Analytical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Thomas De Beer
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Process Analytical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Van Humbeeck
- Department of Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, Campus Arenberg, Kasteelpark Arenberg 44 b2450, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Guy Van den Mooter
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N2, Herestraat 49 b921, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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19
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Deng J, Staufenbiel S, Bodmeier R. Evaluation of a biphasic in vitro dissolution test for estimating the bioavailability of carbamazepine polymorphic forms. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 105:64-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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20
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Widanapathirana L, Tale S, Reineke TM. Dissolution and Solubility Enhancement of the Highly Lipophilic Drug Phenytoin via Interaction with Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-vinylpyrrolidone) Excipients. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:2537-43. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lakmini Widanapathirana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant
Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Swapnil Tale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant
Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Theresa M. Reineke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant
Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
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21
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Moradiya HG, Nokhodchi A, Bradley MSA, Farnish R, Douroumis D. Increased dissolution rates of carbamazepine – gluconolactone binary blends processed by hot melt extrusion. Pharm Dev Technol 2015; 21:445-52. [DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2015.1022783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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22
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Medarević DP, Kachrimanis K, Mitrić M, Djuriš J, Djurić Z, Ibrić S. Dissolution rate enhancement and physicochemical characterization of carbamazepine-poloxamer solid dispersions. Pharm Dev Technol 2015; 21:268-76. [DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2014.996899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Djordje P. Medarević
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia,
| | - Kyriakos Kachrimanis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece, and
| | - Miodrag Mitrić
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Djuriš
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia,
| | - Zorica Djurić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia,
| | - Svetlana Ibrić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia,
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23
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Laukamp EJ, Vynckier AK, Voorspoels J, Thommes M, Breitkreutz J. Development of sustained and dual drug release co-extrusion formulations for individual dosing. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2015; 89:357-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2014.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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24
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Dubbini A, Censi R, Martena V, Hoti E, Ricciutelli M, Malaj L, Di Martino P. Influence of pH and method of crystallization on the solid physical form of indomethacin. Int J Pharm 2014; 473:536-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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25
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Synthesis and adsorption properties of carbamazepine imprinted polymer by dispersion polymerization in supercritical carbon dioxide. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-014-0178-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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26
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Tawfeek HM, Saleem IY, Roberts M. Dissolution Enhancement and Formulation of Rapid-Release Lornoxicam Mini-Tablets. J Pharm Sci 2014; 103:2470-83. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.24073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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27
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Mohammadi G, Hemati V, Nikbakht MR, Mirzaee S, Fattahi A, Ghanbari K, Adibkia K. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of clarithromycin–urea solid dispersions prepared by solvent evaporation, electrospraying and freeze drying methods. POWDER TECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2014.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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28
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Kumar R, Siril PF. Ultrafine carbamazepine nanoparticles with enhanced water solubility and rate of dissolution. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra08495k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Solubility of carbamazepine (CBZ) nanoparticles and CBZ–PVP nanoparticles was 11.9 and 21.5 times higher than the raw–CBZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Kumar
- School of Basic Sciences
- Indian Institute of Technology Mandi
- Mandi-175005, India
| | - Prem Felix Siril
- School of Basic Sciences
- Indian Institute of Technology Mandi
- Mandi-175005, India
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29
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Yang L, Hao H, Zhou L, Chen W, Hou B, Xie C, Yin Q. Crystal Structures and Solvent-Mediated Transformation of the Enantiotropic Polymorphs of 2,3,5-Trimethyl-1,4-diacetoxybenzene. Ind Eng Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ie4028389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical
Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongxun Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical
Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lina Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical
Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical
Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Baohong Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical
Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical
Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiuxiang Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical
Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
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30
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Characterization and evaluation of solid self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems with porous carriers as systems for improved carbamazepine release. Int J Pharm 2012; 436:58-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Revised: 05/31/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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31
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Jondhale S, Bhise S, Pore Y. Physicochemical investigations and stability studies of amorphous gliclazide. AAPS PharmSciTech 2012; 13:448-59. [PMID: 22382730 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-012-9760-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 02/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliclazide (GLI), a poorly water-soluble antidiabetic, was transformed into a glassy state by melt quench technique in order to improve its physicochemical properties. Chemical stability of GLI during formation of glass was assessed by monitoring thin-layer chromatography, and an existence of amorphous form was confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray powder diffractometry. The glass transition occurred at 67.5°C. The amorphous material thus generated was examined for its in vitro dissolution performance in phosphate buffer (pH 6.8). Surprisingly, amorphous GLI did not perform well and was unable to improve the dissolution characteristics compared to pure drug over entire period of dissolution studies. These unexpected results might be due to the formation of a cohesive supercooled liquid state and structural relaxation of amorphous form toward the supercooled liquid region which indicated functional inability of amorphous GLI from stability point of view. Hence, stabilization of amorphous GLI was attempted by elevation of T(g) via formation of solid dispersion systems involving comprehensive antiplasticizing as well as surface adsorption mechanisms. The binary and ternary amorphous dispersions prepared with polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 (as antiplasticizer for elevation of T (g)) and Aerosil 200® and/or Sylysia® 350 (as adsorbent) in the ratio of 1:1:1 (w/w) using kneading and spray-drying techniques demonstrated significant enhancement in rate and extent of dissolution of drug initially. During accelerated stability studies, ternary systems showed no significant reduction in drug dissolution performance over a period of 3 months indicating excellent stabilization of amorphous GLI.
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32
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Yin LF, Huang SJ, Zhu CL, Zhang SH, Zhang Q, Chen XJ, Liu QW. In vitroandin vivostudies on a novel solid dispersion of repaglinide using polyvinylpyrrolidone as the carrier. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2012; 38:1371-80. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2011.652635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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33
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Martins RM, Siqueira S, Tacon LA, Freitas LA. Microstructured ternary solid dispersions to improve carbamazepine solubility. POWDER TECHNOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2011.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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34
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Xu C, Zou M, Liu Y, Ren J, Tian Y, Yan J, Wang Y, Cheng G. Pharmacokinetics of carbamazepine polymorphs and dihydrate in rats, related to dogs and humans. Arch Pharm Res 2011; 34:1973-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-011-1118-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2011] [Revised: 06/18/2011] [Accepted: 06/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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35
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Murdande SB, Pikal MJ, Shanker RM, Bogner RH. Solubility Advantage of Amorphous Pharmaceuticals, Part 3: Is Maximum Solubility Advantage Experimentally Attainable and Sustainable? J Pharm Sci 2011; 100:4349-56. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.22643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2011] [Accepted: 05/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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36
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Caon T, Simões CMO. Effect of freezing and type of mucosa on ex vivo drug permeability parameters. AAPS PharmSciTech 2011; 12:587-92. [PMID: 21541829 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-011-9621-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2010] [Accepted: 04/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The porcine esophageal mucosa has been proposed as a substitute for the buccal mucosa barrier on ex vivo permeability studies mainly due to its large surface area as well as its easier preparation. Therefore, this study compared the ex vivo permeability parameters of two drugs (carmabazepine (CBZ) and triamcinolone acetonide (TAC)) with different permeabilities and physicochemical properties through buccal and esophageal mucosae using a Franz diffusion cell system and HPLC as detection method. The freezing effects on drug permeability parameters were also evaluated by comparing them when fresh and frozen tissues were used. The barrier properties were not affected by the freezing process since the obtained parameters for both drugs were similar in frozen and fresh tissues (buccal and esophageal mucosae). However, an increase of CBZ retention was shown in frozen tissues. Fresh and frozen esophageal mucosae provided higher permeation of TAC than on buccal mucosae while the obtained permeability parameters for CBZ were similar on both mucosae. According to our results, porcine esophageal mucosa could be used as a substitute for buccal mucosa on ex vivo studies involving CBZ but not TAC. Frozen tissues could be used as substitute for fresh tissues in both cases. However, any substitution should be done with care and only if previous tests were performed, because the results could differ depending on the tested drug.
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37
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Ugaonkar S, Needham TE, Bothun GD. Solubility and partitioning of carbamazepine in a two-phase supercritical carbon dioxide/polyvinylpyrrolidone system. Int J Pharm 2011; 403:96-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2010.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2010] [Revised: 10/12/2010] [Accepted: 10/18/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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38
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Etman M, Farid R, Nada A, Ebian A. Preparation and evaluation of fast-release mephenamic acid microspheres. J Microencapsul 2010; 27:640-56. [DOI: 10.3109/02652048.2010.506583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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39
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Douroumis D, Bouropoulos N, Fahr A. Physicochemical characterization of solid dispersions of three antiepileptic drugs prepared by solvent evaporation method. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 59:645-53. [PMID: 17524229 DOI: 10.1211/jpp.59.5.0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
We have investigated the solid dispersion and dissolution profiles of three antiepileptic drugs (carbamazepine (CBZ), oxcarbazepine (OXC) and rufinamide (RFN)) with different aqueous solubilities, prepared by the solvent evaporation method. Solid dispersions of the three drugs in hydroxy-propylmethylcellulose (HPMC), with drug:polymer ratios of 1:4, were prepared and characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transformation infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy. The release mechanism was also investigated and the kinetic order of the solid dispersions was evaluated. It appeared that the dissolution behaviour depended on the physicochemical properties of the drug and drug-polymer interactions. DSC thermographs showed amorphous forms for all drugs confirmed by XRD patterns. The FTIR spectra of CBZ and OXC demonstrated drug interactions with HPMC through hydrogen polymer bonds. Thus, solid dispersions of these drugs had an improved dissolution profile. In contrast, solid dispersions of RUF showed modest enhancement of dissolution, suggesting negligible drug-polymer interactions. The different dissolution behaviour is attributed to the extent of interactions between the polymer hydroxyl group and the drug amide groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dionysios Douroumis
- Phoqus Pharmaceutical Ltd, 10 Kings Hill Avenue, Kings Hill, West Malling, ME19 4PQ, Kent, UK.
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40
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Tian F, Saville DJ, Gordon KC, Strachan CJ, Zeitler JA, Sandler N, Rades T. The influence of various excipients on the conversion kinetics of carbamazepine polymorphs in aqueous suspension. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 59:193-201. [PMID: 17270073 DOI: 10.1211/jpp.59.2.0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The influence of various excipients on the conversion of carbamazepine polymorphs to the dihydrate in aqueous suspension has been investigated. Ten excipients having functional groups which were potentially able to form hydrogen bonds with carbamazepine (group 1: methylcellulose, hypromellose (hydroxypropyl methylcellulose), hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC), 2-hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC), carmellose sodium (sodium carboxymethylcellulose), cellobiose; group 2: povidone (polyvinylpyrrolidone), povidone-vinyl acetate copolymer (povidone/VA) and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone; group 3: macrogol (polyethylene glycol) and polyethylene oxide-polypropylene oxide copolymer (PEO/PPO)) were selected. Carbamazepine polymorphic forms III and I were dispersed separately into each aqueous excipient solution (0.1%, w/v) for 30 min at room temperature. The inhibition effect of each excipient was quantified using Raman spectroscopy combined with multivariate analyses. The solubility parameter of each excipient was calculated and used for categorizing excipients. Excipients in groups 1 and 2, which had both low solubility parameters (< 27.0 MPa½) and strong hydrogen bonding groups, inhibited the conversion completely. With increasing solubility parameter, the inhibition effect decreased for group 1 excipients, especially for carbamazepine form I, which had a higher specific surface area. Also, the excipients of group 3, lacking strong hydrogen bonding groups, showed poor inhibition although they had low solubility parameters (< 21.0 MPa½). This study indicated the importance of both hydrogen bonding interaction and a suitable hydrophobicity (expressed by the solubility parameter) in the inhibition of the conversion of carbamazepine to the dihydrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Tian
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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41
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Dhumal RS, Biradar SV, Aher S, Paradkar AR. Cefuroxime axetil solid dispersion with polyglycolized glycerides for improved stability and bioavailability. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 61:743-51. [DOI: 10.1211/jpp.61.06.0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Cefuroxime axetil (CA), a poorly soluble, broad spectrum cephalosporin ester prodrug, is hydrolysed by intestinal esterase prior to absorption, leading to poor and variable bioavailability. The objective was therefore to formulate a stable amorphous solid dispersion of the drug with enhanced solubility and stability against enzymatic degradation.
Methods
Spray drying was used to obtain a solid dispersion of CA with Gelucire 50/13 and Aerosil 200 (SDCAGA), and a solid dispersion of CA with polyvinyl pyrrolidone (SDCAP); amorphous CA (ACA) was obtained by spray drying CA alone. The formulations were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy studies, and compared for solubility, dissolution and bioavailability in rats.
Key findings
SDCAP and SDCAGA showed improved solubility and dissolution profiles owing to amorphization and formation of solid dispersions with hydrophilic carriers. The improved stability of amorphous CA in solid dispersions compared to ACA alone was attributed to hydrogen bonding interactions involving the amide of CA with the carbonyl of polyvinyl pyrrolidone in SDCAP, whereas in SDCAGA the interactions were at multiple sites involving the amide and carbonyl of CA with the carbonyl and hydroxyl of Gelucire 50/13. However, SDCAGA showed superior bioavailability compared to SDCAP, ACA and CA.
Conclusions
Improvement in physical stability of solid dispersions was attributed to hydrogen bonding, while improvement in bioavailability of SDCAGA compared to SDCAP, in spite of comparable solubility and dissolution profile, may be attributed to Gelucire, which utilizes intestinal esterase for lipolysis, protecting the prodrug from enzymatic degradation to its non-absorbable base form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra S Dhumal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Poona College of Pharmacy and Research Centre, Erandawane, Pune, India
| | - Shailesh V Biradar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Poona College of Pharmacy and Research Centre, Erandawane, Pune, India
| | - Suyog Aher
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Poona College of Pharmacy and Research Centre, Erandawane, Pune, India
| | - Anant R Paradkar
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Innovations, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
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42
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Soltanpour S, Jouyban A. Solubility of Acetaminophen and Ibuprofen in Binary and Ternary Mixtures of Polyethylene Glycol 600, Ethanol and Water. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2010; 58:219-24. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.58.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Abolghasem Jouyban
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
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43
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Prediction of the stability of polymeric matrix tablets containing famotidine from the positron annihilation lifetime distributions of their physical mixtures. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2009; 49:711-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2009.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2008] [Revised: 12/29/2008] [Accepted: 01/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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44
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Biswal S, Sahoo J, Murthy PN. Physicochemical properties of solid dispersions of gliclazide in polyvinylpyrrolidone K90. AAPS PharmSciTech 2009; 10:329-34. [PMID: 19319688 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-009-9212-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2008] [Accepted: 02/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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45
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Liu W, Wei H, Black S. An Investigation of the Transformation of Carbamazepine from Anhydrate to Hydrate Using in Situ FBRM and PVM. Org Process Res Dev 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/op8002773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenju Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China, and Process Research and Development, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Hongyuan Wei
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China, and Process Research and Development, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Simon Black
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China, and Process Research and Development, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
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46
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Ren F, Jing Q, Tang Y, Shen Y, Chen J, Gao F, Cui J. Characteristics of Bicalutamide Solid Dispersions and Improvement of the Dissolution. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2008; 32:967-72. [PMID: 16954109 DOI: 10.1080/03639040600637606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of our study was to formulate and evaluate bicalutamide (BL) solid dispersions (SD). The physicochemical properties were evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier-Transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, Powder X-ray diffractometry (PXRD), dissolution studies, and stability studies. The dissolution studies demonstrated that the dissolution of BL from BL-SD increased with an increase in carrier content (PVP K30). X-ray assays and DSC results both confirmed the amorphous state of BL in BL-SD. Stability studies conducted after 6 months showed that BL exhibited excellent stability in the solid dispersion of PVP K30 (1:5).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuzheng Ren
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutics, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
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47
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Kelmann RG, Kuminek G, Teixeira HF, Koester LS. Preliminary Study on the Development of Nanoemulsions for Carbamazepine Intravenous Delivery: An Investigation of Drug Polymorphic Transition. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2008; 34:53-8. [DOI: 10.1080/03639040701506387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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48
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Betigeri S, Thakur A, Shukla R, Raghavan K. Effect of polymer additives on the transformation of BMS-566394 anhydrate to the dihydrate form. Pharm Res 2007; 25:1043-51. [PMID: 17932729 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-007-9455-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2006] [Accepted: 09/06/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effect of polymer additives on the transformation of BMS-566394 anhydrate to the dihydrate form and to propose the possible mechanisms for inhibition of conversion of the anhydrate to the dihydrate form. MATERIALS AND METHODS The conversion of anhydrate to dihydrate was monitored using differential scanning calorimetry, powder X-ray diffraction and polarized light microscopy. Solubility and intrinsic dissolution studies were performed on anhydrate and dihydrate. IR and NMR spectroscopy were used to probe the molecular interactions between BMS-566394 and cellulose ether polymers. RESULTS The anhydrate form of BMS-566394 was readily transformed into the more stable dihydrate form in aqueous suspension. The kinetic solubility and intrinsic dissolution rate of the anhydrate were ca. fourfold that of the dihydrate. Addition of cellulose ether polymers (HPC, HPMC, MC) inhibited anhydrate to dihydrate transformation in aqueous suspensions. Hydrogen bonding interaction between the polar groups of the drug and polymers was inferred from infrared spectroscopy. Solution NMR also indicated a hydrophobic interaction between the drug and polymer backbone. CONCLUSIONS The anhydrate form of BMS-566394 is stabilized in the presence of cellulose ether polymers. Spectroscopic evidence is offered to postulate a molecular interaction between drug and polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Betigeri
- Biopharmaceutics R&D, Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
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49
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Bansal SS, Kaushal AM, Bansal AK. Molecular and Thermodynamic Aspects of Solubility Advantage from Solid Dispersions. Mol Pharm 2007; 4:794-802. [PMID: 17867643 DOI: 10.1021/mp7000796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The solubility behavior of solid dispersions of two drugs with similar structures was studied. Valdecoxib (VLB) and etoricoxib (ETB) were used as model drugs, and their solid dispersions were prepared with 1, 2, 5, 10, 15, and 20% w/w poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) by the quench cooling method. The interactions between the drug and polymer molecules were studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The thermodynamic aspects of solubility behavior were studied by plotting van't Hoff plots. Both the drugs showed significant differences in their solubility behavior. In the case of VLB, solubility was found to increase significantly with increasing PVP concentration. ETB however did not show any significant solubility enhancement and was found to have decreased solubility at high PVP concentrations. H-bonding interactions were established between VLB and PVP molecules, while none were observed in ETB-PVP dispersions. Solution thermodynamics of amorphous and crystalline forms of both the drugs were studied by van't Hoff plots. The results obtained showed very high negative value of Gibbs free energy for VLB as compared to ETB, thus demonstrating high spontaneity of VLB solubilization. Entropy of amorphous VLB was found to be highly favorable, while being slightly unfavorable for ETB. From this study H-bonding interactions were found to play a major role in dictating the solubility behavior of these drugs from solid dispersions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyam Sunder Bansal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160 062, India.
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50
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Kogan A, Popov I, Uvarov V, Cohen S, Aserin A, Garti N. Microemulsion‐Facilitated Crystallization of Carbamazepine. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/01932690701522418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kogan
- a Casali Institute of Applied Chemistry, The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Inna Popov
- b The Unit for Nanoscopic Characterization, The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Vladimir Uvarov
- b The Unit for Nanoscopic Characterization, The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shmuel Cohen
- c Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry , The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Abraham Aserin
- d Casali Institute of Applied Chemistry, The Institute of Chemistry, E. Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nissim Garti
- d Casali Institute of Applied Chemistry, The Institute of Chemistry, E. Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem, Israel
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