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Brown M, Williams A, Chilcott RP, Brady B, Lenn J, Evans C, Allen L, McAuley WJ, Beebeejaun M, Haslinger J, Beuttel C, Vieira R, Guidali F, Miranda M. Topically Applied Therapies for the Treatment of Skin Disease: Past, Present, and Future. Pharmacol Rev 2024; 76:689-790. [PMID: 38914467 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.123.000549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to summarize essential biological, pharmaceutical, and clinical aspects in the field of topically applied medicines that may help scientists when trying to develop new topical medicines. After a brief history of topical drug delivery, a review of the structure and function of the skin and routes of drug absorption and their limitations is provided. The most prevalent diseases and current topical treatment approaches are then detailed, the organization of which reflects the key disease categories of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, microbial infections, skin cancers, and genetic skin diseases. The complexity of topical product development through to large-scale manufacturing along with recommended risk mitigation approaches are then highlighted. As such topical treatments are applied externally, patient preferences along with the challenges they invoke are then described, and finally the future of this field of drug delivery is discussed, with an emphasis on areas that are more likely to yield significant improvements over the topical medicines in current use or would expand the range of medicines and diseases treatable by this route of administration. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This review of the key aspects of the skin and its associated diseases and current treatments along with the intricacies of topical formulation development should be helpful in making judicious decisions about the development of new or improved topical medicines. These aspects include the choices of the active ingredients, formulations, the target patient population's preferences, limitations, and the future with regard to new skin diseases and topical medicine approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Brown
- MLBT Investments and Consultancy, Aylesbury, United Kingdom (M.Br.); MedPharm Ltd, Guildford, United Kingdom (M.Br., B.B., C.E., J.H., F.G.); Reading School of Pharmacy, Reading, United Kingdom (A.W.); School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom (R.P.C., W.J.M.); MedPharm Ltd, Durham. North Carolina (J.L., L.A., C.B.); Medicine Development and Supply, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, United Kingdom (M.Be.); Department of Dermatology, CUF Tejo Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal (R.V.); Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, Monte de Caparica, Portugal (M.M.); and Department of Chemistry, Coimbra Chemistry Center, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal (M.M.)
| | - Adrian Williams
- MLBT Investments and Consultancy, Aylesbury, United Kingdom (M.Br.); MedPharm Ltd, Guildford, United Kingdom (M.Br., B.B., C.E., J.H., F.G.); Reading School of Pharmacy, Reading, United Kingdom (A.W.); School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom (R.P.C., W.J.M.); MedPharm Ltd, Durham. North Carolina (J.L., L.A., C.B.); Medicine Development and Supply, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, United Kingdom (M.Be.); Department of Dermatology, CUF Tejo Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal (R.V.); Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, Monte de Caparica, Portugal (M.M.); and Department of Chemistry, Coimbra Chemistry Center, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal (M.M.)
| | - Robert P Chilcott
- MLBT Investments and Consultancy, Aylesbury, United Kingdom (M.Br.); MedPharm Ltd, Guildford, United Kingdom (M.Br., B.B., C.E., J.H., F.G.); Reading School of Pharmacy, Reading, United Kingdom (A.W.); School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom (R.P.C., W.J.M.); MedPharm Ltd, Durham. North Carolina (J.L., L.A., C.B.); Medicine Development and Supply, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, United Kingdom (M.Be.); Department of Dermatology, CUF Tejo Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal (R.V.); Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, Monte de Caparica, Portugal (M.M.); and Department of Chemistry, Coimbra Chemistry Center, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal (M.M.)
| | - Brendan Brady
- MLBT Investments and Consultancy, Aylesbury, United Kingdom (M.Br.); MedPharm Ltd, Guildford, United Kingdom (M.Br., B.B., C.E., J.H., F.G.); Reading School of Pharmacy, Reading, United Kingdom (A.W.); School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom (R.P.C., W.J.M.); MedPharm Ltd, Durham. North Carolina (J.L., L.A., C.B.); Medicine Development and Supply, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, United Kingdom (M.Be.); Department of Dermatology, CUF Tejo Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal (R.V.); Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, Monte de Caparica, Portugal (M.M.); and Department of Chemistry, Coimbra Chemistry Center, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal (M.M.)
| | - Jon Lenn
- MLBT Investments and Consultancy, Aylesbury, United Kingdom (M.Br.); MedPharm Ltd, Guildford, United Kingdom (M.Br., B.B., C.E., J.H., F.G.); Reading School of Pharmacy, Reading, United Kingdom (A.W.); School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom (R.P.C., W.J.M.); MedPharm Ltd, Durham. North Carolina (J.L., L.A., C.B.); Medicine Development and Supply, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, United Kingdom (M.Be.); Department of Dermatology, CUF Tejo Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal (R.V.); Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, Monte de Caparica, Portugal (M.M.); and Department of Chemistry, Coimbra Chemistry Center, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal (M.M.)
| | - Charles Evans
- MLBT Investments and Consultancy, Aylesbury, United Kingdom (M.Br.); MedPharm Ltd, Guildford, United Kingdom (M.Br., B.B., C.E., J.H., F.G.); Reading School of Pharmacy, Reading, United Kingdom (A.W.); School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom (R.P.C., W.J.M.); MedPharm Ltd, Durham. North Carolina (J.L., L.A., C.B.); Medicine Development and Supply, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, United Kingdom (M.Be.); Department of Dermatology, CUF Tejo Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal (R.V.); Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, Monte de Caparica, Portugal (M.M.); and Department of Chemistry, Coimbra Chemistry Center, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal (M.M.)
| | - Lynn Allen
- MLBT Investments and Consultancy, Aylesbury, United Kingdom (M.Br.); MedPharm Ltd, Guildford, United Kingdom (M.Br., B.B., C.E., J.H., F.G.); Reading School of Pharmacy, Reading, United Kingdom (A.W.); School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom (R.P.C., W.J.M.); MedPharm Ltd, Durham. North Carolina (J.L., L.A., C.B.); Medicine Development and Supply, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, United Kingdom (M.Be.); Department of Dermatology, CUF Tejo Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal (R.V.); Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, Monte de Caparica, Portugal (M.M.); and Department of Chemistry, Coimbra Chemistry Center, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal (M.M.)
| | - William J McAuley
- MLBT Investments and Consultancy, Aylesbury, United Kingdom (M.Br.); MedPharm Ltd, Guildford, United Kingdom (M.Br., B.B., C.E., J.H., F.G.); Reading School of Pharmacy, Reading, United Kingdom (A.W.); School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom (R.P.C., W.J.M.); MedPharm Ltd, Durham. North Carolina (J.L., L.A., C.B.); Medicine Development and Supply, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, United Kingdom (M.Be.); Department of Dermatology, CUF Tejo Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal (R.V.); Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, Monte de Caparica, Portugal (M.M.); and Department of Chemistry, Coimbra Chemistry Center, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal (M.M.)
| | - Mubinah Beebeejaun
- MLBT Investments and Consultancy, Aylesbury, United Kingdom (M.Br.); MedPharm Ltd, Guildford, United Kingdom (M.Br., B.B., C.E., J.H., F.G.); Reading School of Pharmacy, Reading, United Kingdom (A.W.); School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom (R.P.C., W.J.M.); MedPharm Ltd, Durham. North Carolina (J.L., L.A., C.B.); Medicine Development and Supply, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, United Kingdom (M.Be.); Department of Dermatology, CUF Tejo Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal (R.V.); Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, Monte de Caparica, Portugal (M.M.); and Department of Chemistry, Coimbra Chemistry Center, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal (M.M.)
| | - Jasmin Haslinger
- MLBT Investments and Consultancy, Aylesbury, United Kingdom (M.Br.); MedPharm Ltd, Guildford, United Kingdom (M.Br., B.B., C.E., J.H., F.G.); Reading School of Pharmacy, Reading, United Kingdom (A.W.); School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom (R.P.C., W.J.M.); MedPharm Ltd, Durham. North Carolina (J.L., L.A., C.B.); Medicine Development and Supply, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, United Kingdom (M.Be.); Department of Dermatology, CUF Tejo Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal (R.V.); Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, Monte de Caparica, Portugal (M.M.); and Department of Chemistry, Coimbra Chemistry Center, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal (M.M.)
| | - Claire Beuttel
- MLBT Investments and Consultancy, Aylesbury, United Kingdom (M.Br.); MedPharm Ltd, Guildford, United Kingdom (M.Br., B.B., C.E., J.H., F.G.); Reading School of Pharmacy, Reading, United Kingdom (A.W.); School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom (R.P.C., W.J.M.); MedPharm Ltd, Durham. North Carolina (J.L., L.A., C.B.); Medicine Development and Supply, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, United Kingdom (M.Be.); Department of Dermatology, CUF Tejo Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal (R.V.); Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, Monte de Caparica, Portugal (M.M.); and Department of Chemistry, Coimbra Chemistry Center, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal (M.M.)
| | - Raquel Vieira
- MLBT Investments and Consultancy, Aylesbury, United Kingdom (M.Br.); MedPharm Ltd, Guildford, United Kingdom (M.Br., B.B., C.E., J.H., F.G.); Reading School of Pharmacy, Reading, United Kingdom (A.W.); School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom (R.P.C., W.J.M.); MedPharm Ltd, Durham. North Carolina (J.L., L.A., C.B.); Medicine Development and Supply, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, United Kingdom (M.Be.); Department of Dermatology, CUF Tejo Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal (R.V.); Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, Monte de Caparica, Portugal (M.M.); and Department of Chemistry, Coimbra Chemistry Center, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal (M.M.)
| | - Florencia Guidali
- MLBT Investments and Consultancy, Aylesbury, United Kingdom (M.Br.); MedPharm Ltd, Guildford, United Kingdom (M.Br., B.B., C.E., J.H., F.G.); Reading School of Pharmacy, Reading, United Kingdom (A.W.); School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom (R.P.C., W.J.M.); MedPharm Ltd, Durham. North Carolina (J.L., L.A., C.B.); Medicine Development and Supply, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, United Kingdom (M.Be.); Department of Dermatology, CUF Tejo Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal (R.V.); Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, Monte de Caparica, Portugal (M.M.); and Department of Chemistry, Coimbra Chemistry Center, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal (M.M.)
| | - Margarida Miranda
- MLBT Investments and Consultancy, Aylesbury, United Kingdom (M.Br.); MedPharm Ltd, Guildford, United Kingdom (M.Br., B.B., C.E., J.H., F.G.); Reading School of Pharmacy, Reading, United Kingdom (A.W.); School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom (R.P.C., W.J.M.); MedPharm Ltd, Durham. North Carolina (J.L., L.A., C.B.); Medicine Development and Supply, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, United Kingdom (M.Be.); Department of Dermatology, CUF Tejo Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal (R.V.); Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, Monte de Caparica, Portugal (M.M.); and Department of Chemistry, Coimbra Chemistry Center, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal (M.M.)
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Badruddoza AZM, Zahid MI, Walsh T, Shah J, Gates D, Yeoh T, Nurunnabi M. Topical drug delivery by Sepineo P600 emulgel: Relationship between rheology, physical stability, and formulation performance. Int J Pharm 2024; 658:124210. [PMID: 38718972 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
The objective of this present work was to develop and optimize oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion-based gels, namely emulgels that allow maximum topical drug delivery while having desired microstructure and acceptable physical stability. Emulgels containing 2.0 wt% lidocaine were prepared using various concentrations (0.75-5.0 wt%) of Sepineo P600. Their droplet size distribution, physical stability, rheological behaviors, in vitro drug release, and skin permeation profiles were evaluated. Results show that the concentration of Sepineo P600 significantly influenced the microstructure, rheology, and physical stability of the emulgel formulations. The physico-chemical properties also reveals that at least 1.0 wt% Sepineo P600 was needed to produce stable emulgel formulations. All formulations exhibited non-Newtonian shear-thinning properties which are desirable for topical applications. Both the release and permeation rates decreased with increasing viscosity and rigidity of the formulation. The lower the complex modulus of the emulgels, the higher the steady-state flux of the drug through the skin. Adding Sepineo P600 to emulgel systems resulted in increased rheological properties, which in turn slowed the diffusion of the drug for in vitro release. Although as expected skin permeation was rate limiting since in vitro release was 3 to 4 log-fold faster than skin flux. However, an interesting finding was that the derived skin/vehicle partition coefficient suggested the ionic interaction between lidocaine and Sepineo polymer reducing the free drug, i.e., thermodynamic activity and hence the flux with increasing Sepineo P600 concentration. Overall, this study has provided us with valuable insights into understanding the relationship between the microstructure (rheology), physical stability and skin drug delivery properties which will help to design and optimize topical emulgel formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abu Zayed Md Badruddoza
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Small Molecule, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, CT 06340, USA.
| | - Md Ikhtiar Zahid
- The Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79902, USA
| | - Taylor Walsh
- Eurofins Lancaster Laboratories Professional Scientific Services, Lancaster, PA 17601, USA
| | - Jaymin Shah
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Small Molecule, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Dana Gates
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Small Molecule, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Thean Yeoh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Small Molecule, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Md Nurunnabi
- The Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79902, USA.
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3
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Asgari S, Farasati Far B, Charmi G, Maghsoudi PH, Keihankhadiv S, Seyedhamzeh M, Kaushik AK. Chitosan-Grafted-Poly( N-vinylcaprolactam)-Decorated Fe 3O 4@SiO 2 Core-Shell Nanoformulation as an Efficient Drug Delivery System for Poorly Soluble Drugs. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:5809-5827. [PMID: 38015201 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Hydrocortisone, a commonly used anti-inflammatory drug, has limited aqueous solubility and several side effects. To address this challenge, as a proof-of-concept, this article demonstrates the development of a controlled-release drug delivery system (DDS) for hydrocortisone using chitosan-grafted poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) (CS-g-PNVCL)-coated core-shell Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoformulations (NFs). Reported magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized and modified with silica, PNVCL, and CS precursors to enhance the biocompatibility of DDS and drug-loading efficiency. The release rate of hydrocortisone from Fe3O4@SiO2@CS-g-PNVCL NFs was observed to be higher at lower pH values, and the smart polymer coating demonstrated temperature responsiveness, facilitating drug release at higher temperatures. Fe3O4@SiO2@CS-g-PNVCL NFs exhibited a cell viability of around 97.2 to 87.3% (5-100 μg/mL) after 24-48 h, while the hydrocortisone-NFs had a cell viability of around 93.2 to 82.3%. Our findings suggest that CS-g-PNVCL-coated Fe3O4@SiO2 NPs effectively enhance the solubility, loading capacity, and targeted delivery of poorly soluble drugs, thereby improving their therapeutic efficacy and bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Asgari
- School of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Science Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 19585-466, Iran
| | - Bahareh Farasati Far
- Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 16844, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Charmi
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 16, 90-537 Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Shadi Keihankhadiv
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Mohammad Seyedhamzeh
- Zanjan Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Center (ZPNRC) and Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, 4513956184 Iran
| | - Ajeet Kumar Kaushik
- NanoBioTech Laboratory, Department of Environmental Engineering, Florida Polytechnic University, Lakeland, Florida 33805, United States
- School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248007, India
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Bernasqué A, Cario M, Krisa S, Lecomte S, Faure C. Transport of hydrocortisone in targeted layers of the skin by multi-lamellar liposomes. J Liposome Res 2023:1-14. [PMID: 36779686 DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2023.2177309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Hydrocortisone (HyC), a hydrophobic pharmaceutical active, was encapsulated in multi-lamellar liposomes (MLLs) composed of P100, a mixture of phospholipids, and Tween®80. Three different HyC-loaded formulations were designed to target the stratum corneum, the living epidermis and the hypodermis. The impact of encapsulation on their size, elasticity and zeta potential, the three key factors controlling MLLs skin penetration, was studied. Raman mapping of phospholipids and HyC allowed the localisation of both components inside an artificial skin, Strat-M®, demonstrating the efficiency of the targeting. Percutaneous permeation profiles through excised human skin were performed over 48 h, supporting results on artificial skin. Their modelling revealed that HyC encapsulated in MLLs, designed to target the stratum corneum and living epidermis, exhibited a non-Fickian diffusion process. In contrast, a Fickian diffusion was found for HyC administered in solution, in a pharmaceutical cream and in transdermal MLLs. These results allowed us to propose a mechanism of interaction between HyC-containing MLLs and the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Bernasqué
- CBMN, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, Pessac, France.,U1312-BRIC, Inserm, Université de Bordeaux, National Reference Center for Rare Skin Diseases, Bordeaux, France
| | - Muriel Cario
- U1312-BRIC, Inserm, Université de Bordeaux, National Reference Center for Rare Skin Diseases, Bordeaux, France
| | - Stéphanie Krisa
- INRAE, Bordeaux INP, UR oenologie, Université de Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Sophie Lecomte
- CBMN, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, Pessac, France
| | - Chrystel Faure
- CBMN, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, Pessac, France
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Kalvodová A, Dvořáková K, Petrová E, Michniak-Kohn BB, Zbytovská J. The Contest of Nanoparticles: Searching for the Most Effective Topical Delivery of Corticosteroids. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020513. [PMID: 36839836 PMCID: PMC9962773 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Owing to their complicated pathophysiology, the treatment of skin diseases necessitates a complex approach. Conventional treatment using topical corticosteroids often results in low effectiveness and the incidence of local or even systemic side effects. Nanoformulation of potent anti-inflammatory drugs has been selected as an optimal strategy for enhanced topical delivery of corticosteroids. In order to assess the efficiency of various nanoformulations, we formulated hydrocortisone (HC) and hydrocortisone-17-butyrate (HCB) into three different systems: lipid nanocapsules (LNC), polymeric nanoparticles (PNP), and ethosomes (ETZ). The systems were characterized using dynamic light scattering for their particle size and uniformity and the morphology of nanoparticles was observed by transmission electron microscopy. The nanosystems were tested using ex vivo full thickness porcine and human skin for the delivery of HC and HCB. The skin penetration was observed by confocal microscopy of fluorescently labelled nanosystems. ETZ were proposed as the most effective delivery system for both transdermal and dermal drug targeting but were also found to have a profound effect on the skin barrier with limited restoration. LNC and PNP were found to have significant effects in the dermal delivery of the actives with only minimal transdermal penetration, especially in case of HCB administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Kalvodová
- Department of Organic Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kristýna Dvořáková
- Department of Organic Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eliška Petrová
- Department of Organic Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Bozena B. Michniak-Kohn
- Center for Dermal Research (CDR), Life Sciences Building, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Jarmila Zbytovská
- Department of Organic Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
- Correspondence:
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Lian X, Song C, Wang Y. Regulating the Oil-Water Interface to Construct Double Emulsions: Current Understanding and Their Biomedical Applications. Chem Res Chin Univ 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-022-2019-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Singh S, Sharma N, Behl T, Sarkar BC, Saha HR, Garg K, Singh SK, Arora S, Amran MS, Abdellatif AAH, Bilgrami AL, Ashraf GM, Rahman MS. Promising Strategies of Colloidal Drug Delivery-Based Approaches in Psoriasis Management. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13111978. [PMID: 34834393 PMCID: PMC8623849 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disorder that moderately affects social and interpersonal relationships. Conventional treatments for psoriasis have certain problems, such as poor drug penetration through the skin, hyper-pigmentation, and a burning sensation on normal and diseased skin. Colloidal drug delivery systems overcome the pitfalls of conventional approaches for psoriasis therapeutics and have improved patient safety parameters, compliance, and superior effectiveness. They also entail reduced toxicity. This comprehensive review’s topics include the pathogenesis of psoriasis, causes and types of psoriasis, conventional treatment alternatives for psoriasis, the need for colloidal drug delivery systems, and recent studies in colloidal drug delivery systems for the treatment of psoriasis. This review briefly describes colloidal drug delivery approaches, such as emulsion systems—i.e., multiple emulsion, microemulsion, and nano-emulsion; vesicular systems—i.e., liposomes, ethosomes, noisomes, and transferosomes; and particulate systems—i.e., solid lipid nanoparticles, solid lipid microparticles, nano-structured lipid carriers, dendrimers, nanocrystals, polymeric nanoparticles, and gold nanoparticles. The review was compiled through an extensive search of the literature through the PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect databases. A survey of literature revealed seven formulations based upon emulsion systems, six vesicular drug delivery systems, and fourteen particulate systems reported for antipsoriatic drugs. Based on the literature studies of colloidal approaches for psoriasis management carried out in recent years, it has been concluded that colloidal pharmaceutical formulations could be investigated broadly and have a broad scope for effective management of many skin disorders in the coming decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhbir Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India; (S.S.); (N.S.); (K.G.); (S.K.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India; (S.S.); (N.S.); (K.G.); (S.K.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Tapan Behl
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India; (S.S.); (N.S.); (K.G.); (S.K.S.); (S.A.)
- Correspondence: (T.B.); (M.S.R.); Tel.: +88-017-2006-1803 (M.S.R.)
| | - Bidhan Chandra Sarkar
- Department of Biochemistry, Primeasia University, 12- Kemal Ataturk Avenue, HBR Tower Banani C/A, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh; (B.C.S.); (H.R.S.)
| | - Hasi Rani Saha
- Department of Biochemistry, Primeasia University, 12- Kemal Ataturk Avenue, HBR Tower Banani C/A, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh; (B.C.S.); (H.R.S.)
| | - Kanika Garg
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India; (S.S.); (N.S.); (K.G.); (S.K.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Supriya Kamari Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India; (S.S.); (N.S.); (K.G.); (S.K.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Sandeep Arora
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India; (S.S.); (N.S.); (K.G.); (S.K.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Md. Shah Amran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Shahbag, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh;
| | - Ahmed A. H. Abdellatif
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Anwar L. Bilgrami
- Deanship of Scientific Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Entomology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md. Sohanur Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Trust University, Barishal, Ruiya, Nobogram Road, Barishal 8200, Bangladesh
- Correspondence: (T.B.); (M.S.R.); Tel.: +88-017-2006-1803 (M.S.R.)
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8
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Rodrigues EM, de Carvalho Teixeira AVN, Cesar DE, Tótola MR. Strategy to improve crude oil biodegradation in oligotrophic aquatic environments: W/O/W fertilized emulsions and hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria. Braz J Microbiol 2020; 51:1159-1168. [PMID: 32078731 PMCID: PMC7455643 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-020-00244-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We studied petroleum biodegradation by biostimulation by using water in oil in water (W/O/W) double emulsions. These emulsions were developed using seawater, canola oil, surfactants, and mineral salts as sources of NPK. The emulsions were used in the simulation of hydrocarbon bioremediation in oligotrophic sea water. Hydrocarbon biodegradation was evaluated by CO2 emissions from microcosms. We also evaluated the release of inorganic nutrients and the stability of the emulsion's droplets. The double emulsions improved CO2 emission from the microcosms, suggesting the increase in the hydrocarbon biodegradation. Mineral nutrients were gradually released from the emulsions supporting the hydrocarbon biodegradation. This was attributed to the formation of different diameters of droplets and therefore, varying stabilities of the droplets. Addition of the selected hydrocarbonoclastic isolates simulating bioaugmentation improved the hydrocarbon biodegradation. We conclude that the nutrient-rich W/O/W emulsion developed in this study is an effective biostimulation agent for bioremediation in oligotrophic aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmo Montes Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia e Biodiversidade para o Meio Ambiente, Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P.H. Rolfs s/n, Centro, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Ceará - IFCE - campus Camocim, Camocim, Ceará, Brazil.
| | | | - Dionéia Evangelista Cesar
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Biologia Molecular de Microorganismos, Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcos Rogério Tótola
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia e Biodiversidade para o Meio Ambiente, Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P.H. Rolfs s/n, Centro, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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9
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Chen A, Li S, Xu J. A novel approach to study the interactions between polymeric stabilized micron-sized oil droplets by optical tweezers. Chin J Chem Eng 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2019.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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10
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Stasse M, Laurichesse E, Ribaut T, Anthony O, Héroguez V, Schmitt V. Formulation of concentrated oil-in-water-in-oil double emulsions for fragrance encapsulation. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.124564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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11
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Ahmad HI, Khan HMS, Akhtar N. Development of topical drug delivery system with
Sphaeranthus indicus
flower extract and its investigation on skin as a cosmeceutical product. J Cosmet Dermatol 2019; 19:985-994. [DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Ibtesam Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy The Islamia University of Bahawalpur Bahawalpur Pakistan
| | | | - Naveed Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacy The Islamia University of Bahawalpur Bahawalpur Pakistan
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12
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Chen A, Li SW, Jing D, Xu JH. Interactions between colliding oil drops coated with non-ionic surfactant determined using optical tweezers. Chem Eng Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2018.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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13
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Chen A, Jing Y, Sang FN, Li SW, Xu JH. Determination of the interaction mechanism of 10 µm oil-in-water emulsion droplets using optical tweezers. Chem Eng Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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14
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Zhang M, Nowak M, Malo de Molina P, Abramovitch M, Santizo K, Mitragotri S, Helgeson ME. Synthesis of Oil-Laden Poly(ethylene glycol) Diacrylate Hydrogel Nanocapsules from Double Nanoemulsions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:6116-6126. [PMID: 28605186 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b01162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Multiple emulsions have received great interest due to their ability to be used as templates for the production of multicompartment particles for a variety of applications. However, scaling these complex droplets to nanoscale dimensions has been a challenge due to limitations on their fabrication methods. Here, we report the development of oil-in-water-in-oil (O1/W/O2) double nanoemulsions via a two-step high-energy method and their use as templates for complex nanogels comprised of inner oil droplets encapsulated within a hydrogel matrix. Using a combination of characterization methods, we determine how the properties of the nanogels are controlled by the size, stability, internal morphology, and chemical composition of the nanoemulsion templates from which they are formed. This allows for identification of compositional and emulsification parameters that can be used to optimize the size and oil encapsulation efficiency of the nanogels. Our templating method produces oil-laden nanogels with high oil encapsulation efficiencies and average diameters of 200-300 nm. In addition, we demonstrate the versatility of the system by varying the types of inner oil, the hydrogel chemistry, the amount of inner oil, and the hydrogel network cross-link density. These nontoxic oil-laden nanogels have potential applications in food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengwen Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California , Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Maksymilian Nowak
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California , Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Paula Malo de Molina
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California , Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Michael Abramovitch
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California , Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Katherine Santizo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California , Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Samir Mitragotri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California , Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Matthew E Helgeson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California , Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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15
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Li M, Li D. Fabrication and electrokinetic motion of electrically anisotropic Janus droplets in microchannels. Electrophoresis 2016; 38:287-295. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Li
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering; University of Waterloo; Waterloo Canada
| | - Dongqing Li
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering; University of Waterloo; Waterloo Canada
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16
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Ge X, Zhao H, Wang T, Chen J, Xu J, Luo G. Microfluidic technology for multiphase emulsions morphology adjustment and functional materials preparation. Chin J Chem Eng 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2016.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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17
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Investigation and application of measurement techniques for the determination of the encapsulation efficiency of O/W/O multiple emulsions stabilized by hydrocolloid gelation. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2014.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Nabavi SA, Gu S, Vladisavljević GT, Ekanem EE. Dynamics of double emulsion break-up in three phase glass capillary microfluidic devices. J Colloid Interface Sci 2015; 450:279-287. [PMID: 25828435 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2015.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Pinch-off of a compound jet in 3D glass capillary microfluidic device, which combines co-flowing and countercurrent flow focusing geometries, was investigated using an incompressible three-phase axisymmetric Volume of Fluid-Continuum Surface Force (VOF-CSF) numerical model. The model showed good agreement with the experimental drop generation and was capable of predicting formation of core/shell droplets in dripping, narrowing jetting and widening jetting regimes. In dripping and widening jetting regimes, the presence of a vortex flow around the upstream end of the necking thread facilitates the jet break-up. No vortex flow was observed in narrowing jetting regime and pinch-off occurred due to higher velocity at the downstream end of the coaxial thread compared to that at the upstream end. In all regimes, the inner jet ruptured before the outer jet, preventing a leakage of the inner drop into the outer fluid. The necking region moves at the maximum speed in the narrowing jetting regime, due to the highest level of shear at the outer surface of the thread. However, in widening jetting regime, the neck travels the longest distance downstream before it breaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Ali Nabavi
- Offshore, Process and Energy Engineering Department, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, United Kingdom
| | - Sai Gu
- Offshore, Process and Energy Engineering Department, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, United Kingdom.
| | - Goran T Vladisavljević
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, United Kingdom.
| | - Ekanem E Ekanem
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
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19
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In vitro release testing methods for vitamin E nanoemulsions. Int J Pharm 2014; 475:393-400. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.08.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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20
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21
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Yan H, Kim C. Formation of monodisperse silica microparticles with various shapes and surface morphologies using double emulsion templates. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2013.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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22
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Xu JH, Ge XH, Chen R, Luo GS. Microfluidic preparation and structure evolution of double emulsions with two-phase cores. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra46562d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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23
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Tran TM, Cater S, Abate AR. Coaxial flow focusing in poly(dimethylsiloxane) microfluidic devices. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2014; 8:016502. [PMID: 24753732 PMCID: PMC3977865 DOI: 10.1063/1.4863576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a coaxial flow focusing geometry that can be fabricated using soft lithography in poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS). Like coaxial flow focusing in glass capillary microfluidics, our geometry can form double emulsions in channels with uniform wettability and of a size much smaller than the channel dimensions. However, In contrast to glass capillary coaxial flow focusing, our geometry can be fabricated using lithographic techniques, allowing it to be integrated as the drop making unit in parallel drop maker arrays. Our geometry enables scalable formation of emulsions down 7 μm in diameter, in large channels that are robust against fouling and clogging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuan M Tran
- Joint UCSF/UCB Bioengineering Graduate Group, University of California, San Francisco 1700, 4th Street, Byers Hall 303C, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
| | - Sean Cater
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California, San Francisco 1700, 4th Street, Byers Hall 303C, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
| | - Adam R Abate
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California, San Francisco 1700, 4th Street, Byers Hall 303C, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
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24
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25
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Olejnik A, Goscianska J, Nowak I. Active compounds release from semisolid dosage forms. J Pharm Sci 2012; 101:4032-45. [PMID: 22886492 DOI: 10.1002/jps.23289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Revised: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to review all the aspects of the in vitro release testing (IVRT) from semisolid dosage forms. Although none of the official dissolution methods has been specified for use with semisolid dosage forms, their utility for assessing release rates of drugs from semisolid dosage forms has become a topic of considerable interest. One can expect to overcome such complexity in the future, when the official "Topical and Transdermal Drug Products-Product Performance Tests" will be published in an issue of the Pharmacopeial Forum. Many factors such as type of the dissolution medium, membrane, temperature, and speed have an influence on the mechanism and kinetics of the release testing from gels, creams, and ointments; therefore, those parameters have been widely discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Olejnik
- Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Faculty of Chemistry, ul. Umultowska 89b, 61-714 Poznań, Poland.
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26
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Pradhan M, Rousseau D. A one-step process for oil-in-water-in-oil double emulsion formation using a single surfactant. J Colloid Interface Sci 2012; 386:398-404. [PMID: 22925117 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2012.07.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2011] [Revised: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A one-step double emulsification protocol using one surfactant was developed for oil-in-water-in-oil (O(1)/W/O(2)) double emulsions. Two n-alkane oils and three different surfactants were studied, with focus placed on a formulation containing mineral oil, glycerol monoleate (GMO) and deionized water. Phenomenologically, double emulsion formation and stability originate from the combined actions of phase inversion and interfacial charging of the oil/water interface during high shear homogenization. Based on the extent of double emulsion formation and stability, a critical emulsification zone dependent on the weight ratios of GMO to water was identified. Within this critical zone, enhanced O(1)/W/O(2) emulsion formation occurred at higher pH and lower salt concentrations, demonstrating the key role of interfacial charging on double emulsification. Overall, this novel approach provides a novel platform for the development of double emulsions with simple compositions and processing requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamata Pradhan
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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27
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Tang SY, Sivakumar M, Ng AMH, Shridharan P. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of novel oral aspirin-loaded nanoemulsion and nano multiple emulsion formulations generated using ultrasound cavitation. Int J Pharm 2012; 430:299-306. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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28
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29
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Simovic S, Barnes TJ, Tan A, Prestidge CA. Assembling nanoparticle coatings to improve the drug delivery performance of lipid based colloids. NANOSCALE 2012; 4:1220-1230. [PMID: 22159191 DOI: 10.1039/c1nr11273b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Lipid based colloids (e.g. emulsions and liposomes) are widely used as drug delivery systems, but often suffer from physical instabilities and non-ideal drug encapsulation and delivery performance. We review the application of engineered nanoparticle layers at the interface of lipid colloids to improve their performance as drug delivery systems. In addition we focus on the creation of novel hybrid nanomaterials from nanoparticle-lipid colloid assemblies and their drug delivery applications. Specifically, nanoparticle layers can be engineered to enhance the physical stability of submicron lipid emulsions and liposomes, satbilise encapsulated active ingredients against chemical degradation, control molecular transport and improve the dermal and oral delivery characteristics, i.e. increase absorption, bioavailability and facilitate targeted delivery. It is feasible that hybrid nanomaterials composed of nanoparticles and colloidal lipids are effective encapsulation and delivery systems for both poorly soluble drugs and biological drugs and may form the basis for the next generation of medicines. Additional pre-clinical research including specific animal model studies are required to advance the peptide/protein delivery systems, whereas the silica lipid hybrid systems have now entered human clinical trials for poorly soluble drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spomenka Simovic
- Ian Wark Research Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
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30
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Wang Q, Jaimes‐Lizcano YA, Lawson LB, John VT, Papadopoulos KD. Improved dermal delivery of FITC–BSA using a combination of passive and active methods. J Pharm Sci 2011; 100:4804-14. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.22687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2010] [Revised: 03/24/2011] [Accepted: 06/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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31
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Terwagne D, Gilet T, Vandewalle N, Dorbolo S. From a bouncing compound drop to a double emulsion. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:11680-11685. [PMID: 20491493 DOI: 10.1021/la101096q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We show that a double emulsion (oil in water in oil) can be created starting from a compound droplet (surfactant solution in oil). The compound drop bounces on a vertically vibrated liquid surface. When the amplitude of the vibration exceeds a threshold value, the oil layer penetrates the water content and leaves a tiny oil droplet within. As this phenomenon occurs at each vigorous impact, the compound drop progressively transforms into a double emulsion. The emulsification threshold, which is observed to depend on the forcing frequency but not on the drop size, is rationalized by investigating the impact of compound drops onto a static liquid surface. The droplet creation occurs when the kinetic energy released at impact is larger than the energy required to deform the compound drop, namely when the Weber number is higher than a given threshold value.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Terwagne
- GRASP, Department of Physics, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
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32
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Wang Q, Tan G, Lawson LB, John VT, Papadopoulos KD. Liposomes in double-emulsion globules. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:3225-31. [PMID: 19958007 PMCID: PMC2841964 DOI: 10.1021/la9032157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Tubular liposomes containing a hydrophilic model compound (fluorescein sodium salt, FSS) were entrapped inside the internal aqueous phase (W(1)) of water-in-oil-in-water (W(1)/O/W(2)) double-emulsion globules. Our hypothesis was that the oil membrane of double emulsions can function as a layer of protection to liposomes and their contents and thus better control their release. Liposomes were prepared in bulk, and their release was observed microscopically from individual double-emulsion globules. The liposomes containing FSS were released through external coalescence, and the behavior of this system was monitored visually by capillary video microscopy. Double-emulsion globules were stabilized with Tween 80 as the water-soluble surfactant, with Span 80 as the oil-soluble surfactant, while the oil phase (O) was n-hexadecane. The lipids in the tubular liposomes consist of L-alpha-phosphatidylcholine and Ceramide-VI. Variations of Tween 80 concentration in the external aqueous phase (W(2)) and Span 80 concentration in the O phase controlled the release of liposomes from the W(1) phase to the W(2) phase. The major finding of this work is that the sheer presence of liposomes in the W(1) phase is by itself a stabilizing factor for double-emulsion globules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118
| | - Grace Tan
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118
| | - Louise B. Lawson
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112
| | - Vijay T. John
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118
| | - Kyriakos D. Papadopoulos
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118
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33
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Wang S, Yang R, Yao H, Zhou G, Zhang Y, Yang B, Ng L, Yan M. In vivo lymphatic targeting of methylene blue with microemulsion and multiple microemulsion. Drug Deliv 2009; 16:371-7. [DOI: 10.1080/10717540903075644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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35
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Vijay V, White EM, Kaminski MD, Riviere JE, Baynes RE. Dermal permeation of biocides and aromatic chemicals in three generic formulations of metalworking fluids. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2009; 72:832-841. [PMID: 19557611 DOI: 10.1080/15287390902800421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Metalworking fluids (MWF) are complex mixtures consisting of a variety of components and additives. A lack of scientific data exists regarding the dermal permeation of its components, particularly biocides. The aim of this study was to evaluate the dermal permeation of biocides and other aromatic chemicals in water and in three generic soluble oil, semi-synthetic, and synthetic MWF types in order to evaluate any differences in their permeation profiles. An in vitro flow-through diffusion cell study was performed to determine dermal permeation. An infinite dose of different groups of chemicals (6 biocides and 29 aromatic chemicals) was applied to porcine skin, with perfusate samples being collected over an 8-h period. Perfusate samples were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy (UPLC-MS), and permeability was calculated from the analysis of the permeated chemical concentration-time profile. In general, the permeation of chemicals was highest in aqueous solution, followed by synthetic, semi-synthetic, and soluble oil MWF. The absorption profiles of most of the chemicals including six biocides were statistically different among the synthetic and soluble oil MWF formulations, with reduced permeation occurring in oily formulations. Permeation of almost all chemicals was statistically different between aqueous and three MWF formulation types. Data from this study show that permeation of chemicals is higher in a generic synthetic MWF when compared to a soluble oil MWF. This indicates that a soluble oil MWF may be safer than a synthetic MWF in regard to dermal permeation of chemicals to allow for an increased potential of systemic toxicity. Therefore, one may conclude that a synthetic type of formulation has more potential to produce contact dermatitis and induce systemic toxicological effects. The dilution of these MWF formulations with water may increase dermal permeability of biocides, allowing for an enhanced risk for systemic toxicological effects and dermatitis potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikrant Vijay
- Center for Chemical Toxicology Research and Pharmacokinetics (CCTRP), College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606-8401, USA
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36
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Fang JY, Leu YL, Chang CC, Lin CH, Tsai YH. Lipid Nano/Submicron Emulsions as Vehicles for Topical Flurbiprofen Delivery. Drug Deliv 2008; 11:97-105. [PMID: 15200008 DOI: 10.1080/10717540490280697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of lipid nano/submicron emulsions as topical drug carrier systems for the percutaneous absorption of flurbiprofen was investigated. The lipid emulsions were made up of isopropyl myristate (IPM), soybean oil, or coconut oil as the oil phase, egg lecithin as the predominant emulsifier, and double-distilled water as the external phase. Stearylamine (SA) and deoxycholic acid (DA) also were used to produce positively and negatively charged emulsions. To evaluate the physicochemical properties of the lipid emulsions, particle size by laser light scattering, the image of atomic force microscopy, and relaxation time values by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) were determined. The in vitro permeation data showed that incorporation of SA significantly reduced the topical delivery of flurbiprofen. On the other hand, incorporation of DA exhibited no or a negligible effect on drug permeation. Enhancement of drug absorption was observed when adding oleic acid as part of the oil phase. The in vivo topical application of flurbiprofen from selected lipid emulsions showed a similar trend to the in vitro status. Furthermore, the intersubject variability was considerably reduced by lipid emulsions than by aqueous suspensions in both the in vitro and in vivo experiments. The irritant profiles of lipid emulsions showed that IPM elicited higher irritation than soybean oil. The incorporation of oleic acid also produced skin disruption. The results in the present study suggest the feasibility of lipid emulsions for the topical delivery of flurbiprofen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-You Fang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.
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37
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Barakat NS, Ahmad AAE. Diclofenac sodium loaded-cellulose acetate butyrate: Effect of processing variables on microparticles properties, drug release kinetics and ulcerogenic activity. J Microencapsul 2008; 25:31-45. [DOI: 10.1080/02652040701747928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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38
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Morais JM, Santos ODH, Nunes JRL, Zanatta CF, Rocha‐Filho PA. W/O/W Multiple Emulsions Obtained by One‐Step Emulsification Method and Evaluation of the Involved Variables. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/01932690701688391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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39
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Kaur IP, Kapila M, Agrawal R. Role of novel delivery systems in developing topical antioxidants as therapeutics to combat photoageing. Ageing Res Rev 2007; 6:271-88. [PMID: 17933593 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2007.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2007] [Revised: 08/17/2007] [Accepted: 08/17/2007] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Ageing proceeds by highly complicated biochemical processes, in which the involvement of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and free radicals has been implicated. Reactive oxygen species are dramatically enhanced by exposure to the ultraviolet radiation. Free radical scavengers and antioxidants can thus provide a long-term protection against these changes. Currently, dermaceutical and cosmetic industry is growing immensely with its main focus on packaging the active into a suitable/novel delivery system. This not only enhances the customer acceptance but offers better targeting to the upper skin layer, with faster onset, at a lower concentration of the active. Later also counter toxic or adverse effects observed with large doses especially when administered orally. Several of the antioxidant molecules are labile to degradation in the presence of oxygen, water and light, hence it becomes all the more appropriate to use a delivery system which will augment their stability and hence enhance the performance. In the present review, we focus on the pioneering research on novel delivery systems which can promote the therapeutic value of antioxidants for combating UV-induced photoageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indu P Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
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40
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Rojas EC, Papadopoulos KD. Induction of instability in water-in-oil-in-water double emulsions by freeze-thaw cycling. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2007; 23:6911-7. [PMID: 17521202 DOI: 10.1021/la063533f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Individual water-in-oil-in-water (W1/O/W2) double-emulsion globules loaded with fluorescently labeled bovine serum albumin (FITC-BSA) were optically monitored within cylindrical capillaries during freeze-thaw cycling. Coalescence of internal aqueous droplets (W1) and external aqueous phase (W2), termed external coalescence, was not observed before or during freezing of the oil phase (O). On the other hand, this instability mechanism was readily promoted during thawing. This realization confirms the previously suggested potential of W1/O/W2 double emulsions to trigger release upon oil thawing and demonstrates that it is a direct result of globule breakage through external coalescence. The presented results also identified a threshold in the relative W1 droplet size above which instability occurred, while smaller droplets remained unperturbed and therefore indicate that optimization of the delivery can be achieved by tuning the size of W1 droplets. In addition, we propose a possible explanation for the occurrence of instability during oil thawing and its dependence on the size of W1 droplets. Because this alternative globule-breakage mechanism simply uses temperature increase (solid-to-liquid-phase transition) as external stimulus, W1/O/W2 double-emulsion delivery systems can be easily tailored by choosing an oil phase with the appropriate phase-transition temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith C Rojas
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
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41
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Benichou A, Aserin A, Garti N. O/W/O double emulsions stabilized with WPI–polysaccharide conjugates. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2006.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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42
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Farahmand S, Tajerzadeh H, Farboud ES. Formulation and evaluation of a vitamin C multiple emulsion. Pharm Dev Technol 2006; 11:255-61. [PMID: 16749536 DOI: 10.1080/10837450500464172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Multiple phase emulsions are increasingly used as alternatives to simple emulsions in personal care products. One of the major advantages of these emulsions over simple emulsions is slow and controlled release of their ingredients. Other favorite cosmetic characteristics of multiple emulsions include occlusivity (in O/W/O emulsions), esthetics and consumer acceptance. Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) has been widely used in formulations of skin care products. Due to its effects on collagen biosynthesis, it is considered as moisturizing and anti-aging active ingredient. Instability problems such as oxidation susceptibility have made incorporating vitamin C in topical formulations a challenging issue. The O/W/O emulsions have been formulated using two-step procedure, to investigate vitamin C stability and its release profile. By using different surfactant types and ratios, volume ratio of phases, multiple emulsions containing vitamin C were prepared. Different parameters and formulation factors such as temperature of phases, duration and speed of mixing were evaluated. Based on our results, more stable emulsions were prepared from non-ionic siliconized surfactants, sorbitan derivatives and co-surfactants such as polyglyceryl derivatives. Physical stability was determined by microscopic examination, centrifugation and incubating emulsions in different temperatures. Vitamin C in vitro release studies from O/W and O/W/O emulsions were conducted using Franz diffusion cell (at room temperature) and UV spectrophotometry. The results showed that in the first four-hour period, about 14% of vitamin C released from O/W/O emulsions. It appears that in multiple emulsions the profile of release follows zero-order kinetics. Our data indicate that incorporating vitamin C in multiple emulsions significantly increased its stability possibly attributed to the formation of reverse micelles of surfactants (and/or co-surfactants), which entrapped vitamin C inside the micelles surrounded by hydrophilic heads of surfactant. Moreover, vitamin C was released from multiple emulsions in a zero order slow and controlled release manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Farahmand
- College of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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43
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Rojas EC, Sahiner N, Lawson LB, John VT, Papadopoulos KD. Controlled release from a nanocarrier entrapped within a microcarrier. J Colloid Interface Sci 2006; 301:617-23. [PMID: 16781725 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2006.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2006] [Revised: 05/01/2006] [Accepted: 05/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study illustrates the entrapment of the dye molecule fluorescein sodium salt (FSS) by hydrogel nanoparticles, which are in turn confined inside a water-in-oil-in-water double-emulsion globule, and its subsequent release by the action of the competing agent hydrochloric acid (HCl). Thus, a "double carrier" concept is being introduced in which a nanoscale delivery vehicle is being transported by a microscale delivery vehicle in order to simultaneously take advantage of both systems. This may facilitate storage and handling while protecting the active substance and improving its action upon application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith C Rojas
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
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44
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Evaluation of in vitro release and skin irritation of benzoyl peroxide-containing products. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1773-2247(06)50086-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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45
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Avendano-Gomez JR, Grossiord JL, Clausse D. Study of mass transfer in oil–water–oil multiple emulsions by differential scanning calorimetry. J Colloid Interface Sci 2005; 290:533-45. [PMID: 16084524 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2005.04.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2004] [Revised: 04/18/2005] [Accepted: 04/19/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A multiple emulsion of the type O1/W/O2 is studied experimentally by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The aim of this work is to characterize and measure the time-dependent changes within the emulsion. In particular, interest is focused to quantify the concentration changes in the internal and external phases of the O1/W/O2 multiple emulsion. In order to accomplish the objective, the measurement and analysis carried out by DSC are based on the crystallization behavior of the emulsion. A volume of a few mm3 is periodically removed from the O1/W/O2 multiple emulsion. The sample is submitted to steady cooling and the crystallization thermogram is recorded. The experimental data provided by the crystallization thermogram makes it possible to quantify the crystallized mass for both phases, the internal and the external. In addition, the composition in each phase can also be deduced from the thermogram. To deduce the composition, a diagram of crystallization temperatures is elaborated, employing several mixtures of known composition. In addition to the main objective previously mentioned, the influence of formulation parameters such as surfactant concentration in the aqueous phase and the mass ratio of the internal and external phases are also analyzed. The experimental results made it possible to conclude that a mass transfer took place from the internal phase toward the external phase; this transfer is caused by the composition difference on both sides of the aqueous membrane. In this work we analyzed the mass transfer in the multiple emulsion carried out by a composition gradient through the aqueous membrane. The most likely mechanism of mass transfer through the aqueous membrane is a solution-diffusion of tetradecane enhanced by the micelles of the surfactant Tween 20. The model of mass transfer confirms that the osmotic pressure difference controls the kinetics of tetradecane transfer. It is also confirmed that an increment of surfactant concentration in the aqueous phase allows a faster kinetics of the tetradecane transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Avendano-Gomez
- Laboratoire Génie des Procédés Industriels, UMR 6067, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, B.P. 529, 60205 Compiègne, France.
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46
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Lee JM, Lim KH. Changes in two-phase emulsion morphology in temperature–amphiphile concentration or fish diagram for ternary amphiphile/oil/water systems. J Colloid Interface Sci 2005; 290:241-9. [PMID: 16061245 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2005.03.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2004] [Revised: 03/30/2005] [Accepted: 03/31/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We examined the morphologies of two-phase emulsions in the ternary 2-butoxyethanol/n-decane/water system at various temperatures and water-to-oil ratios (WORs). The two-phase emulsion morphologies depended on temperature, WOR, and amphiphile concentration, and the results are presented in a temperature-amphiphile concentration coordinate system or a "fish" diagram. The observations made in this work contradict the predictions by the phase-inversion-temperature (PIT) concept. At WOR<1, a vertical inversion line was observed at T<T(lc) (lower critical endpoint temperature), dividing the two-phase region into the subregions of B/T (W/O) and T/B (O/W) emulsions. At T>T(uc) (upper critical endpoint temperature) and at low amphiphile concentrations, only B/T emulsions appeared, irrespective of temperature. At WOR>1, the situation was reversed; T/B emulsions at T<T(lc), T/B and B/T emulsions at T>T(uc), and T/B emulsions at low amphiphile concentrations, irrespective of temperature. At WOR=1, two horizontal inversion lines, one each at T<T(lc) and T>T(uc), were observed. The morphologies of the two-phase emulsions were B/T or T/B emulsions at low amphiphile concentrations, and at higher amphiphile concentrations T/B at T<T(lc) and B/T at T>T(uc). All these findings along with three-phase emulsion data result in complete emulsion morphology diagrams in the temperature-amphiphile concentration space or fish diagram.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Moon Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea
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47
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Hwang YJ, Oh C, Oh SG. Controlled release of retinol from silica particles prepared in O/W/O emulsion: The effects of surfactants and polymers. J Control Release 2005; 106:339-49. [PMID: 15990191 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2005.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2005] [Revised: 05/02/2005] [Accepted: 05/09/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Spherical silica particles containing retinol were fabricated by using O/W/O multiple emulsion and sol-gel method. In this study, when both hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and surfactants such as Tween 20 and Span 80 were used, multiple emulsion encapsulating retinol was prepared successfully. The size of water droplets and the amount of released retinol depended on the concentration of surfactants and PEG polymer. In addition, PEG, PVP, and Pluronic P123 were introduced as a stabilizer in the water phase to investigate the effect of polymers on the encapsulation efficiency. In the case of PVP, encapsulation efficiency of retinol in the silica particles was 7.35% and the lowest. On the other hand, in the case of Pluronic P123, it was 30.89% and the highest among obtained silica particles. The morphologies of multiple emulsion and silica particles were observed by optical microscope (OM) and field emission scanning electronic microscope (FE-SEM). In vitro release test and encapsulation efficiency were characterized by HPLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jeong Hwang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Center for Ultramicrochemical Process System (CUPS), Hanyang University, Seoul, 133-791, South Korea
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48
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Utada AS, Lorenceau E, Link DR, Kaplan PD, Stone HA, Weitz DA. Monodisperse Double Emulsions Generated from a Microcapillary Device. Science 2005; 308:537-41. [PMID: 15845850 DOI: 10.1126/science.1109164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1213] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Double emulsions are highly structured fluids consisting of emulsion drops that contain smaller droplets inside. Although double emulsions are potentially of commercial value, traditional fabrication by means of two emulsification steps leads to very ill-controlled structuring. Using a microcapillary device, we fabricated double emulsions that contained a single internal droplet in a core-shell geometry. We show that the droplet size can be quantitatively predicted from the flow profiles of the fluids. The double emulsions were used to generate encapsulation structures by manipulating the properties of the fluid that makes up the shell. The high degree of control afforded by this method and the completely separate fluid streams make this a flexible and promising technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Utada
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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49
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Changes in morphology of three-phase emulsions with temperature in ternary amphiphile/oil/water systems. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2004.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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50
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Hai M, Magdassi S. Investigation on the release of fluorescent markers from w/o/w emulsions by fluorescence-activated cell sorter. J Control Release 2004; 96:393-402. [PMID: 15120896 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2004.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2003] [Accepted: 02/13/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of release of two fluorescent markers, fluorescein isothiocyanate-bovine serum albumin (FITC-BSA) and fluorescein, from water-in-oil-in-water (w/o/w) emulsions was investigated using a rapid and sensitive method based on fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). The release of FITC-BSA from a w/o/w emulsion was controlled by diffusion rather than by simple breakdown of the multiple droplets or by formation of reverse micelles in the oil phase. In contrast, the release of fluorescein from a double emulsion was controlled by formation of reverse micelles rather than by diffusion or simple breakdown of multiple droplets. A significant difference in the yield and fraction of FITC-BSA and fluorescein released from double emulsions was observed due to their different molecular structure and properties. The yield of FITC-BSA incorporation in a double emulsion increased with increasing FITC-BSA concentration in the internal water phase, while the yield of fluorescein decreased with increasing concentration. The fraction of FITC-BSA released from a w/o/w emulsion after 24 h decreased with an increasing concentration of FITC-BSA in the internal phase. The w/o/w emulsion with internalized FITC-BSA was more stable than that with fluorescein, indicating its further application for sorting or enriching size-controlled double droplets that contained genes and water-soluble drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingtan Hai
- Casali Institute of Applied Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram 91904, Jerusalem Israel.
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