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Nurcahyanti ADR, Jap A, Lady J, Prismawan D, Sharopov F, Daoud R, Wink M, Sobeh M. Function of selected natural antidiabetic compounds with potential against cancer via modulation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR cascade. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 144:112138. [PMID: 34750026 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder with growing global incidence, as 387 million people were diagnosed in 2014 with an expected projection of 642 million in 2040. Several complications are associated with DM including heart attack, stroke, kidney failure, blindness, and cancer. The latter is the second leading cause of death worldwide accounting for one in every six deaths, with liver, pancreas, and endometrium cancers are the most abundant among patients with diabetes. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway plays a vital role in developing a wide array of pathological disorders, among them diabetes and cancer. Natural secondary metabolites that counteract the deleterious effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and modulate PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway could be a promising approach in cancer therapy. Here, 717 medicinal plants with antidiabetic activities were highlighted along with 357 bioactive compounds responsible for the antidiabetic activity. Also, 43 individual plant compounds with potential antidiabetic activities against cancer via the modulation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR cascade were identified. Taken together, the available data give an insight of the potential of repurposing medicinal plants and/or the individual secondary metabolites with antidiabetic activities for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustina Dwi Retno Nurcahyanti
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Pluit Raya 2, 14440 Jakarta, Indonesia.
| | - Adeline Jap
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Pluit Raya 2, 14440 Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Jullietta Lady
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Pluit Raya 2, 14440 Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Deka Prismawan
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Pluit Raya 2, 14440 Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Farukh Sharopov
- Chinese-Tajik Innovation Center for Natural Products, National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan, Ayni str. 299/2, 734063, Dushanbe, Tajikistan
| | - Rachid Daoud
- African Genome Center, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid, Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco
| | - Michael Wink
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mansour Sobeh
- AgroBiosciences Research, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Lot 660-Hay Moulay Rachid, 43150 Ben-Guerir, Morocco.
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Yang CF, Lai SS, Chen YH, Liu D, Liu B, Ai C, Wan XZ, Gao LY, Chen XH, Zhao C. Anti-diabetic effect of oligosaccharides from seaweed Sargassum confusum via JNK-IRS1/PI3K signalling pathways and regulation of gut microbiota. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 131:110562. [PMID: 31181236 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Brown seaweed Sargassum confusum (C. Agardh) has been used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat a variety of diseases. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the anti-diabetic effect of oligosaccharides from brown seaweed S. confusum (SCO). The anti-diabetic effect of SCO was evaluated in vivo using high-fat/high-sucrose fed hamsters. Molecular mechanisms of modulating gene expression of specific members of insulin signaling pathways were determined. The components of the intestinal microflora in diabetic animals were also analyzed by high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing. And it was found that SCO had a sequence of sulfated anhydrogalactose and methyl sulfated galactoside units. Fasting blood glucose levels were significantly decreased after SCO administration. Histology showed that SCO could protect the cellular architecture of the liver. SCO could also significantly increase the relative abundance of Lactobacillus and Clostridium XIVa and decrease that of Allobaculum, Bacteroides and Clostridium IV. The active role of SCO in anti-diabetic effect was revealed by its regulation of insulin receptor substrate 1/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathways. These results suggested that SCO might be used as a functional material to regulate gut microbiota in obese and diabetic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Feng Yang
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China; College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Shan-Shan Lai
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China; School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Yi-Han Chen
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Dan Liu
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Bin Liu
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Chao Ai
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Xu-Zhi Wan
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Lu-Ying Gao
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, China
| | - Xin-Hua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China
| | - Chao Zhao
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China; Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Control in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China.
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Nguyen TT, Kretschmer N, Pferschy-Wenzig EM, Kunert O, Bauer R. Triterpenoidal and Phenolic Compounds Isolated from the Aerial Parts of Helicteres hirsuta and their Cytotoxicity on Several Cancer Cell Lines. Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1901400103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicteres L. is one of the genera of the Sterculiaceae family with several remarkable activities. Previous studies revealed that terpenoids, flavonoids, and lignans are the dominant constituents of Helicteres species. However, information about this genus is scarce and unsystematic. Most of the phytochemical and pharmacological investigations have been mainly reported on Helicteres angustifolia and Helicteres isora, which are commonly used in China and Indonesia, respectively. In the present study, two terpenoids: 3β- O-acetylbetulinic acid (1) and simiarenol (2) together with three phenolic compounds: 4,4'-sulfinylbis(2-( tert-butyl)-5-methylphenol) (3), 7- O-methylisoscutellarein (4), 7,4'-di- O-methylisoscutellarein (5), and a mixture of stigmasterol and β-sitosterol were isolated and structurally elucidated from the aerial parts of Helicteres hirsuta Lour. Compounds 1-5 were tested for cytotoxicity on four human cancer cell lines: leukemia CCRF-CEM, breast MDA-MB-231, colon HCT116 and glioblastoma U251 cancer cells. Among them, compounds 1 and 3 showed moderate activity on CCRF-CEM and HCT116 cancer cells with IC50 values ranging from 14.6 to 31.5 μM (P < 0.05). This is the first time these compounds have been reported from this plant. To the best of our knowledge, compound 3 is novel in nature although it has been chemically synthesized before, and compounds 1, 2, and 4 are new to this plant family (Sterculiaceae).
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Affiliation(s)
- Triet Thanh Nguyen
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Faculty of Traditional medicine, Department of Traditional Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nadine Kretschmer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Eva-Maria Pferschy-Wenzig
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Olaf Kunert
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Rudolf Bauer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
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Role of medicinal plants in the management of diabetes mellitus: a review. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:4. [PMID: 30555770 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1528-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants have a vast potential in the treatment of various ailments due to the presence of therapeutically important phytochemicals. Diabetes is a serious metabolic disorder and several marketed medications are available to alleviate the symptoms of diabetes. However, these over the counter drugs are expensive and associated with several complications. Herbal medicines are gaining importance as they are cost-effective and also display improved therapeutic effects with lesser side effects. The present review includes the reports available on medicinal plants used for treating diabetes complications. The aim of the review is to categorize and summarize the available information on medicinal plants with anti-diabetic properties and suggesting outlooks for future research. A systematic search was performed on medicinal plants with anti-diabetic properties using several search engines such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct and other online journals and books. All the plants listed in this review are native to Asian countries and are routinely used by the traditional practitioners for the treatment of various ailments. Based on the literature data available, a total of 81 medicinal plants with anti-diabetic, anti-hyperglycemic, hypoglycemic, anti-lipidemic and insulin mimetic properties have been compiled in this review. This review provides useful information about the different medicinal plants for treating diabetes-associated complications. Further research can be carried out to study the active constituents and mechanism of these plants.
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Hu X, Cheng D, Zhang Z. Antidiabetic activity of Helicteres angustifolia root. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2016; 54:938-44. [PMID: 26866383 PMCID: PMC11132717 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2015.1077871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2015] [Revised: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Context The root of Helicteres angustifolia L. (Sterculiaceae) has been used as folk herbal drug to treat cancer, bacterial infections, inflammatory, and flu in China. However, there is no report on its antidiabetic activity. Objective This study evaluates the antidiabetic activity of ethanol extract from H. angustifolia root. Materials and methods The promoting effect of H. angustifolia root ethanol extract (25, 50, and 100 μg/mL) on glucose uptake was evaluated using HepG2 cell, differentiated C2C12 myotubes, and differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The antidiabetic activity of the extract was assessed in vivo using STZ-induced diabetic rats by orally administration of the extract (200 and 400 mg/kg b.w.) once per day for 28 d. Blood glucose, TG, TC, TP, HDL-C, UA, BUN, AST, ALT, insulin, and HOMA-IR were analyzed. Results The results showed that the extract increased glucose uptake in C2C12 myotubes and 3T3-L1 adipocytes with an IC50 value of 79.95 and 135.96 μg/mL, respectively. And about 12%, 19%, and 10% (p < 0.05) in HepG2 cells when compared with the control at the concentration of 25, 50, and 100 μg/mL, respectively. After 28 days' treatment with the extract, significant reduction was observed in blood glucose, HOMA-IR, TC, TG, UA, BUN, AST, and ALT levels, while the levels of TP and HDL cholesterol increased. Discussion and conclusion These results suggest that H. angustifolia root ethanol extract possess potent antidiabetic activity, which is the first report on antidiabetic activity of this plant.
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MESH Headings
- 3T3-L1 Cells
- Animals
- Cell Culture Techniques
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/isolation & purification
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/toxicity
- Glucose/metabolism
- Hep G2 Cells
- Humans
- Hypoglycemic Agents/isolation & purification
- Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology
- Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use
- Hypoglycemic Agents/toxicity
- Malvaceae/chemistry
- Mice
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/cytology
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/drug effects
- Plant Roots/chemistry
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Toxicity Tests, Acute
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuansheng Hu
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | - Zhenya Zhang
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Kooti W, Farokhipour M, Asadzadeh Z, Ashtary-Larky D, Asadi-Samani M. The role of medicinal plants in the treatment of diabetes: a systematic review. Electron Physician 2016; 8:1832-42. [PMID: 26955456 PMCID: PMC4768936 DOI: 10.19082/1832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetes is a serious metabolic disorder and plenty of medical plants are used in traditional medicines to treat diabetes. These plants have no side effects and many existing medicines are derived from the plants. The purpose of this systematic review is to study diabetes and to summarize the available treatments for this disease, focusing especially on herbal medicine. METHODS Required papers about diabetes and effective plants were searched from the databases, including Science direct, PubMed, Wiley, Scopus, and Springer. Keywords in this study are "medicinal plants", "diabetes", "symptom", "herbal", and "treatment". Out of the 490 collected articles (published in the period between 1995 and 2015), 450 were excluded due to non-relevance or lack of access to the original article. RESULTS Diabetes is mainly due to oxidative stress and an increase in reactive oxygen species that can have major effects. Many plants contain different natural antioxidants, in particular tannins, flavonoids, C and E vitamins that have the ability to maintain β-cells performance and decrease glucose levels in the blood. CONCLUSION According to published results, it can be said that medical plants are more affordable and have less side effects compared synthetic drugs, and are more effective in treatment of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesam Kooti
- Student Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Maryam Farokhipour
- Department of Biology, School of Science, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Asadzadeh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Science, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil Branch, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Damoon Ashtary-Larky
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Majid Asadi-Samani
- Student Research Committee, Medical Plant Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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Li K, Lei Z, Hu X, Sun S, Li S, Zhang Z. In vitro and in vivo bioactivities of aqueous and ethanol extracts from Helicteres angustifolia L. root. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 172:61-69. [PMID: 26087229 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Helicteres angustifolia L. (H. angustifolia L.) has been used as traditional medicine in the treatment of cancer in China and Laos. Its medical benefits, however, are still lacking of scientific evidence. Two extracts successively obtained from the root of H. angustifolia L., namely the aqueous root extract (ARE) and the ethanolic root extract (ERE), were used to evaluate the antioxidant and anticancer activities in vitro, and the antitumor efficacy of ARE was examined in vivo, respectively. MATERIALS AND METHODS ARE and ERE were extracted successively from H. angustifolia L. root with water and ethanol. In vitro antioxidant activities were assessed by radicals scavenging assay, ferrous chelating assay and reducing power assay. In vitro anticancer activities of ARE and ERE were evaluated by their cytotoxic effects against three human cancer cell lines. In addition, the anti-tumor activities of ARE in vivo were assessed by using Ht1080 (human fibrosarcoma cell line Ht1080) tumor xenografts mice. BALB/c nude mice were orally administrated with 200mg/kg/d of ARE. The tumor inhibition rate was determined on day 42 after treatment by using histopathology analysis of the tumor tissues. Furthermore, relevant biochemical parameters in blood were analyzed to monitor their cytotoxic effect. RESULTS In vitro assays indicated that ARE possessed relatively higher antioxidant and anticancer activities than ERE, with IC50 values of 82.31 ± 9.62, 62.50 ± 6.99, and 127.49 ± 2.9 μg/mL against DLD-1, A549, and HepG2 cells, respectively. In vivo tumor inhibition experiments suggested that ARE possessed significant antitumor efficacy in BALB/c nude mice with a tumor inhibition rate of 49.83 ± 14.38% (p<0.05) and little toxicity was observed to the host. CONCLUSION ARE from H. angustifolia L. possessed high antioxidant activities is active against liver cancer HepG2, lung cancer A549 and colon cancer DLD-1 cells in vitro and tumor xenografts bearing BALB/c nude mice in vivo. Further studies on elucidation of the mechanisms involved and isolation of the active components may provide more valuable information for the development of functional products from H. angustifolia L. and their application in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kejuan Li
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Zhongfang Lei
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Xuansheng Hu
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Shuang Sun
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Shuhong Li
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Zhenya Zhang
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan.
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Toma A, Makonnen E, Mekonnen Y, Debella A, Adisakwattana S. Antidiabetic activities of aqueous ethanol and n-butanol fraction of Moringa stenopetala leaves in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 15:242. [PMID: 26187590 PMCID: PMC4506633 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0779-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Moringa stenopetala has been used in traditional health systems to treat diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to investigate the antidiabetic activity of aqueous ethanol and n-butanol fraction of Moringa stenopetala leaves in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. Methods The aqueous ethanol extract and n-butanol fraction of Moringa stenopetala leaves hydroalcoholic (500 mg/kg body weight) and metformin (150 mg/kg body weight) were administered to diabetic rats. Blood glucose, lipid profiles, liver and kidney function were examined after 14 days of experiment. Histopathological profile of the pancreas was also observed in diabetic rats at the end of study. An oral sucrose challenge test was also carried out to assess the post prandial effect of the extract. Results Oral administration of the aqueous ethanol and n-butanol extracts of Moringa stenopetala leaves (500 mg/kg body weight) and metformin (150 mg/kg) significantly reduced blood glucose level (P < 0.05), improved serum lipid profiles, liver enzymes and kidney functions in diabetic rats after 14 days. The extracts also improved damage of islet of Langerhan’s in diabetic rats. The plant material reduced the post-prandial glucose level (P < 0.001) at the dose of 750 mg/kg. Conclusion These findings revealed that both the aqueous ethanol and n-butanol extracts of Moringa stenopetala leaves possess antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic properties, and alleviate STZ-induced pancreatic damage in diabetic rats. The beneficial effects of plant material in inhibition of diabetes-induced complications are being investigated.
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Balogun SO, Damazo AS, de Oliveira Martins DT. Helicteres sacarolha A. St.- Hil. et al.: gastroprotective and possible mechanism of actions in experimental animals. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 166:176-184. [PMID: 25792014 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Helicteres sacarolha A. St.- Hil. et al. popularly known in Brazil as 'semente-de-macaco', is widely employed in the popular medicine in many of parts of Brazil in the alleviation of symptoms of ailments such as peptic ulcer and inflammation. Up to the present, there is no study addressing the gastroprotective activity of the hydroethanolic extract of H. sacarolha and its possible mechanism of actions. MATERIALS AND METHODS The hydroethanolic (70%) extract of H. sacarolha (HEHs) was obtained by maceration. The gastroprotective activity was assessed using gastric ulcer models induced by acidified ethanol, piroxicam, and water restraint stress in mice and rats at doses of 20, 50 and 250mg/kg p.o. Mechanistic studies involved the antisecretory assay evaluated with pylorus ligation in rats and pre-treatments with appropriate antagonists/inhibitors such as yohimbine, glibenclamide, indomethacin and l-NAME, effect on catalase and myeloperoxidase activities and gastric mucus determination using acidified ethanol- induced ulcer in mice. RESULTS HEHs at all doses tested demonstrated potent gastroprotective activities in the acute ulcer models. The gastroprotective activity of HEHs was attenuated by pre-treatments with yohimbine, glibenclamide, indomethacin and l-NAME. HEHs effectively reduced basal gastric juice production without any effect on the free and total acidity. The gastroprotective action of HEHs involved increasing the antioxidant enzyme catalase and mucus secretion and inhibition of neutrophyl infiltration as reflected by the reduction in the myeloperoxidase activity. CONCLUSION The results of this study gave a scientific support for the popular use of the leaves of H. sacarolha in the treatment of gastric ulcers and that it has a multi-targeted action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sikiru Olaitan Balogun
- Postgraduate Studies in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), 78060-900 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Amilcar Sabino Damazo
- Postgraduate Studies in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), 78060-900 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil; Department of Basic Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), 78060-900 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Domingos Tabajara de Oliveira Martins
- Postgraduate Studies in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), 78060-900 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil; Department of Basic Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), 78060-900 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil.
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Shen KP, Su CH, Lu TM, Lai MN, Ng LT. Effects of Grifola frondosa non-polar bioactive components on high-fat diet fed and streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemic mice. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2015; 53:705-709. [PMID: 25431253 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2014.939290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Consumption of medicinal mushrooms for disease prevention and maintaining health has a very long history in Asia. Grifola frondosa (Fr) S.F. Gray (GF) (Meripilaceae) is a medicinal fungus popularly used for enhancing immune systems, lowering blood glucose, and improving spleen, stomach, and nerve functions. OBJECTIVE This study examines the hypoglycemic effects of GF in vitro and in vivo, and analyzes the chemical profiles of its bioactive components. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vitro hypoglycemic effects of GF was evaluated enzymatically using α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition assays, whereas in vivo study was conducted on high-fat diet fed and streptozotocin (HFD + STZ)-induced hyperglycemic mice. GC-MS was used to determine the chemical profiles of bioactive components. RESULTS The non-polar fraction of GF exhibited a stronger anti-α-glucosidase activity (IC50: 0.0332 mg/ml) than acarbose, but its anti-α-amylase activity (IC50: 0.671 mg/ml) was weaker. Oral administration of GF at 600 mg/kg (GF600) significantly lowered the blood glucose, HbA1c, average blood glucose, and serum total cholesterol levels in hyperglycemic mice. Although GF was found to contain mainly oleic acid and linoleic acid, their levels in the fungus were low, suggesting that the effects of GF on HFD + STZ-induced hyperglycemic mice could be due to factors other than these fatty acids. CONCLUSION These results conclude that GF possesses anti-α-glucosidase activity, and hypoglycemic effect in HFD + STZ-induced hyperglycemic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Ping Shen
- Department of Nursing, Meiho University , Pingtung , Taiwan
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Synthesis and blood glucose and lipid-lowering effects of benzothiazole-substituted benzenesulfonylurea derivatives. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-015-1471-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Eddouks M, Bidi A, El Bouhali B, Hajji L, Zeggwagh NA. Antidiabetic plants improving insulin sensitivity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 66:1197-214. [PMID: 24730446 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus is increasing at an alarming rate. This chronic pathology gravely troubled the human health and quality of life. Both insulin deficiency and insulin resistance are involved in the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus. Moreover, insulin resistance is being diagnosed nowadays in a growing population of diabetic and obese patients, especially in industrialized societies. There are lots of conventional agents available to control and to treat diabetes, but total recovery from this disorder has not been reported up to this date. Plants provided a potential source of hypoglycemic drugs and are widely used in several traditional systems of medicine to prevent diabetes. A few reviews with less attention paid to mechanisms of action have been published on antidiabetic plants. OBJECTIVES The present review focuses on the various plants that have been reported to be effective in improving insulin sensitivity associated with diabetes. KEY FINDINGS In this work, an updated systematic review of the published literature has been conducted to review the antidiabetic plants improving insulin sensitivity and 111 medicinal plants have been reported to have a beneficial effect on insulin sensitivity using several in-vitro and in-vivo animal models of diabetes. CONCLUSION The different metabolic and cellular effects of the antidiabetic plants improving insulin sensitivity are reported indicating the important role of medicinal plants as potential alternative or complementary use in controlling insulin resistance associated with diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Eddouks
- Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Errachidia, Moulay Ismail University, Errachidia, Morocco
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Kumar V, Sharma M, Lemos M, Shriram V. Efficacy of Helicteres isora L. against free radicals, lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation and DNA damage. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jopr.2013.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Anuradha CV. Phytochemicals targeting genes relevant for type 2 diabetes. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2013; 91:397-411. [PMID: 23745945 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2012-0350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Nutrigenomic approaches based on ethnopharmacology and phytotherapy concepts have revealed that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) may be susceptible to dietary intervention. Interaction between bioactive food components and the genome may influence cell processes and modulate the onset and progression of the disease. T2DM, characterized by insulin resistance and beta cell dysfunction, is one of the leading causes of death and disability. Despite the great advances that have been made in the understanding and management of this complex, multifactorial disease, T2DM has become a worldwide epidemic in the 21st century. Population and family studies have revealed a strong genetic component of T2DM, and a number of candidate genes have been identified in humans. Variations in the gene sequences such as single nucleotide polymorphisms, explain the individual differences in traits like disease susceptibility and response to treatment. A clear understanding of how nutrients affect the expression of genes should facilitate the development of individualized intervention and, eventually, treatment strategies for T2DM. Review of the literature identified many phytochemicals/extracts from traditional medicinal plants that can target diabetogenic genes. This review focuses on the genetic aspects of T2DM, nutrient modification of genes relevant for diabetes, and future prospects of nutritional therapy of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carani Venkatraman Anuradha
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar - 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Ou Y, Lin L, Yang X, Pan Q, Cheng X. Antidiabetic potential of phycocyanin: effects on KKAy mice. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2013; 51:539-544. [PMID: 23368938 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2012.747545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Phycocyanin (PC) has been proven to have many therapeutic properties, but its effects on diabetes have not been investigated. OBJECTIVE Antidiabetic activity of PC isolated from Spirulina platensis was evaluated in this study. MATERIALS AND METHODS Oral administration of PC (100 mg/kg, once per day for 3 weeks) on KKAy mice were investigated by monitoring the changes in body weight, food intake, fasting plasma glucose level, 24 h random blood glucose levels, oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs), glycosylated serum protein (GSP), fasting serum insulin (FINS), glycogen, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), total antioxidative capability (T-AOC) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Histopathological changes in the pancreas were also examined with hematoxylin-eosin staining. RESULTS Administration of PC significantly decreased the body weight, fasting plasma glucose, 24 h random blood glucose levels, FINS and GSP levels, TG and TC content in serum and livers, MDA content in livers (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). On the other hand, glucose tolerance to glucose administration, T-AOC, and the content of glycogen in liver and muscle were enhanced following PC treatment (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). Histopathological results showed that PC administration suppressed the abnormal enlargement of islets observed in the pancreas of KKAy mice. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The antidiabetic effect of PC on KKAy mice is most likely due to its ability to enhance insulin sensitivity, amelioration of insulin resistance of peripheral target tissues and regulation of glucolipide metabolism. Therefore, PC may have a potential clinical utility in combating type-2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ou
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
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Karthik D, Ilavenil S, Kaleeswaran B, Sunil S, Ravikumar S. Proteomic analysis of plasma proteins in diabetic rats by 2D electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF-MS. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2012; 166:1507-19. [PMID: 22258647 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-012-9544-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2011] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Despite tremendous advances in our understanding of the molecular basis of diabetes mellitus, substantial gaps still remain in our understanding of disease pathogenesis and in the development of effective strategies for early diagnosis and treatment. The proteomic approach has offered many opportunities and challenges in identifying new marker proteins and therapeutic targets, i.e., using 2D-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation-time of flight mass spectrometry. The differential protein expressions were analyzed in alloxan-induced diabetic rats treated with Cynodon dactylon leaf extract. The plant extract was administered for 15 days that resulted in a significant increase in plasma insulin and C-peptide levels. We have also identified four differentially expressed proteins from rat plasma. These four diabetes-associated proteins were broadly classified into three groups as per their function: (1) lipid metabolism-associated protein (Apo A-IV), (2) antioxidant activity-related proteins [preprohaptoglobin and heat shock proteins B8 (HspB8)], and (3) muscle function-related protein (TPM3). Apo A-IV, HspB8, and preprohaptoglobin may play a key role in the recovery of diabetes mellitus and also prevent the diabetes-associated complications such as prevention of oxidative stress due to free radical and free hemoglobin. These results show the value of proteomic approach in identifying the potential markers that may eventually serve as diagnostic markers or therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Karthik
- Department of Biotechnology, PRIST University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613 403, India
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Khan V, Najmi AK, Akhtar M, Aqil M, Mujeeb M, Pillai KK. A pharmacological appraisal of medicinal plants with antidiabetic potential. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2012; 4:27-42. [PMID: 22368396 PMCID: PMC3283954 DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.92727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Revised: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a complicated metabolic disorder that has gravely troubled the human health and quality of life. Conventional agents are being used to control diabetes along with lifestyle management. However, they are not entirely effective and no one has ever been reported to have fully recovered from diabetes. Numerous medicinal plants have been used for the management of diabetes mellitus in various traditional systems of medicine worldwide as they are a great source of biological constituents and many of them are known to be effective against diabetes. Medicinal plants with antihyperglycemic activities are being more desired, owing to lesser side-effects and low cost. This review focuses on the various plants that have been reported to be effective in diabetes. A record of various medicinal plants with their established antidiabetic and other health benefits has been reported. These include Allium sativa, Eugenia jambolana, Panax ginseng, Gymnema sylvestre, Momrodica charantia, Ocimum sanctum, Phyllanthus amarus, Pterocarpus marsupium, Trigonella foenum graecum and Tinospora cordifolia. All of them have shown a certain degree of antidiabetic activity by different mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasim Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Mohd. Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohd. Aqil
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohd. Mujeeb
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - K. K. Pillai
- Department of Pharmacology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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Harde P, Shah D, Suhagia B, Shah M. Development and validation of an HPTLC method for the analysis of oleanolic acid from the roots ofHelicteres isoraLinn. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2011. [DOI: 10.1556/jpc.24.2011.6.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Jeyashanthi N, Ashok V. Anti-Oxidative Effect of Cassia auriculata on Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats. Indian J Clin Biochem 2010; 25:429-34. [PMID: 21966119 PMCID: PMC2994575 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-010-0040-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2009] [Accepted: 10/09/2009] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The anti oxidative effect of administration of 100 mg/kg bw and 200 mg/kg bw of the flower powder of Cassia auriculata (CFP) for 45 days to normoglycemic and diabetic rats (streptozotocin induced) was studied. Anti oxidative effect was not observed in normoglycemic rats in the experiment. There was significant (P > 0.05) increase in the level of Thio Barbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS), hydroperoxide and conjugated dienes and significant (P > 0.05) decrease in the catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities and in the level of ascorbic acid, vitamin E and reduced glutathione in diabetic rats. The flower powder of Cassia auriculata significantly (P > 0.05) decreased the TBARS, hydroperoxide and conjugated dienes and increased the antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase) and non enzymic anti oxidants (ascorbic acid, vitamin E and reduced glutathione). The antioxidatve effect of 200 mg/kg bw CFP was significantly (P > 0.05) better than 100 mg/kg bw CFP and the reference drugs (tolbutamide and metformin). The mode of action of CFP remains to be elicited.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Jeyashanthi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Velalar College of Engineering and Technology, Erode, Tamilnadu 638052 India
| | - V. Ashok
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Velalar College of Engineering and Technology, Erode, Tamilnadu 638052 India
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Venkatesh S, Madhava Reddy B, Dayanand Reddy G, Mullangi R, Lakshman M. Antihyperglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of Helicteres isora roots in alloxan-induced diabetic rats: a possible mechanism of action. J Nat Med 2010; 64:295-304. [PMID: 20238178 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-010-0406-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2009] [Accepted: 02/08/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The antihyperglycemic and hypolipidemic activities of Helicteres isora Linn. (Sterculiaceae) root extracts were investigated in alloxan-induced diabetic rats and a possible mechanism of the blood glucose lowering action was studied. Alloxan-induced diabetic rats experienced 69.13 and 51.14%, 22.60 and 21.89%, 30.12 and 19.96%, and 50.05 and 34.29% reduction in blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and urea levels following oral administration of butanol and aqueous ethanol extracts of H. isora root, respectively, at 250 mg/kg for 10 days. The beneficial effects of these extracts were supported by evidence from histological examinations of the liver, pancreas, and kidney. Following the treatment with both extracts, the degenerative changes caused by alloxan in pancreatic cells were restored, particularly with the butanol extract. Histological examination convincingly showed the restoration of pancreatic islets, kidney glomeruli, and liver to its normal size. These results suggest that H. isora roots possess antidiabetic principles and can be useful for treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sama Venkatesh
- G. Pulla Reddy College of Pharmacy, Mehdipatnam, Hyderabad 500 028, India.
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Hong L, Xun M, Wutong W. Anti-diabetic effect of an α-glucan from fruit body of maitake (Grifola frondosa) on KK-Ay mice. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 59:575-82. [PMID: 17430642 DOI: 10.1211/jpp.59.4.0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
We have evaluated the anti-diabetic effect of a α-glucan (MT-α-glucan) from the fruit body of maitake mushrooms (Grifola frondosa) on KK-Ay mice (a kind of genetical type 2 diabetes animal model). The effects of MT-α-glucan (450 or 150 mg kg−1) on diabetic mice were investigated by observing the changes in body weight, the level of fasting plasma glucose, glycosylated serum protein (GSP), hepatic glycogen, serum insulin, triglycerides, cholesterol, free fatty acid, liver superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSHpx), reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Moreover, the binding capacity of insulin receptors on liver crude plasma membranes was assayed and histopathological changes in the pancreas were observed. Treatment with MT-α-glucan significantly decreased the body weight, level of fasting plasma glucose, GSP, serum insulin, triglycerides, cholesterol, free fatty acid and MDA content in livers. Treatment with MT-α-glucan significantly increased the content of hepatic glycogen, GSH and the activity of SOD and GSHpx. Moreover, the insulin binding capacity to liver crude plasma membranes increased and histopatho-logical changes in the pancreas were ameliorated in the treatment group. These data suggest that MT-α-glucan has an anti-diabetic effect on KK-Ay mice, which might be related to its effect on insulin receptors (i.e., increasing insulin sensitivity and ameliorating insulin resistance of peripheral target tissues).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Hong
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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Bhavsar SK, Föller M, Gu S, Vir S, Shah MB, Bhutani KK, Santani DD, Lang F. Involvement of the PI3K/AKT pathway in the hypoglycemic effects of saponins from Helicteres isora. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2009; 126:386-396. [PMID: 19781620 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2009] [Revised: 09/07/2009] [Accepted: 09/10/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Saponins from Helicteres isora have previously been shown to exert antidiabetic effects. The present study explored the underlying mechanisms in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS C2C12 cells were incubated with saponins and sapogenin followed by Western blotting and immunofluorescence analysis. RESULTS Western blotting revealed that incubation with saponins (100 microg/ml) and sapogenin (100 microg/ml) induced the phosphorylation of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) as well as of the downstream targets protein kinase B/Akt (at Ser473) and glycogen synthase kinase GSK-3 alpha/beta (at Ser21/9) in a time-dependent manner. In contrast, no phosphorylation of the AMP-sensitive kinase AMPK (at Thr172) was observed. Within 48 h saponins/sapogenin treatment further increased the protein abundance of the insulin-sensitive glucose transporter Glut4. Confocal microscopy confirmed that saponins/sapogenin treatment stimulated Akt phosphorylation and revealed that the treatment was followed by translocation of Glut4 into the cell membrane of C2C12 muscle cells. CONCLUSIONS Saponins and sapogenin activate the PI3K/Akt pathway thus leading to phosphorylation and inactivation of GSK-3 alpha/beta with subsequent stimulation of glycogen synthesis as well as increase of Glut4-dependent glucose transport across the cell membrane.
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Bhavsar SK, Singh S, Giri S, Jain MR, Santani DD. Effect of saponins from Helicteres isora on lipid and glucose metabolism regulating genes expression. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2009; 124:426-433. [PMID: 19505560 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2008] [Revised: 05/10/2009] [Accepted: 05/28/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE We characterized saponins as active constituents from traditionally used antidiabetic plant Helicteres isora. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the changes in the gene expression of the glucose and lipid metabolism regulating genes in C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice were divided into four different groups; one diabetic control, the mice in other three groups were treated with methanol extract (100 mg/kg), saponins (100 mg/kg) and pioglitazone (30 mg/kg) for 14 days. After completion of the treatment period biochemical parameters and the expression levels of adipsin, adiponectin, glucose transporter 4 (Glut4), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in adipose tissue and for liver RNA samples glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), glucose transporter 2 (Glut2) and acyl-co-enzyme A oxidase (ACOX) were determined by quantitative real time PCR and angiopoeitin like 3 (ANGPTL3), angiopoeitin like 4 (ANGPTL4) and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) by semiquantitative reverse transcription PCR. RESULTS Treatment caused a significant reduction in the serum lipid and glucose levels and increased the expression of adipsin, PPARgamma and Glut4 while reduced expression of FABP4 and G6Pase, whereas there was no effect on the expression levels of adiponectin, LPL, PEPCK, ACOX, Glut2, ANGPTL3, ANGPTL4 and PPARalpha. CONCLUSIONS Saponins are beneficial for improving hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia by increasing the gene expression of adipsin, Glut4 and PPARgamma and reducing the gene expression of the enzyme G6Pase and FABP4 in C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shefalee K Bhavsar
- Department of Pharmacology, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Navarangapura, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
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Pan MH, Chen CM, Lee SW, Chen ZT. Cytotoxic Triterpenoids from the Root Bark ofHelicteres angustifolia. Chem Biodivers 2008; 5:565-74. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.200890053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Kumar G, Banu GS, Murugesan AG, Pandian MR. Hypoglycaemic effect of Helicteres isora bark extract in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2006; 107:304-7. [PMID: 16839725 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2006.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2004] [Revised: 05/10/2006] [Accepted: 05/13/2006] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The hypoglycaemic effect of the aqueous extract of the bark of Helicteres isora L. (Sterculiaceae) was investigated in normal, glucose load conditions and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. In normal rats, the aqueous extract of the bark of Helicteres isora L. (100 and 200 mg/kg/p.o.) significantly (P<0.001) reduced the blood glucose levels from 64.5-48.5 and 67-47 mg% 2h after oral administration of bark extract and also significantly lowered the blood glucose in STZ diabetic rats from 68-105 and 66-85.5 mg% 21 days after daily oral administration of the extract (P<0.001). The results suggested that the aqueous extract of bark of Helicteres isora L. possesses a potential hypoglycaemic effect in diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Kumar
- Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Environmental Sciences, Alwarkurichi, Tamil Nadu 627412, India
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Mukherjee PK, Maiti K, Mukherjee K, Houghton PJ. Leads from Indian medicinal plants with hypoglycemic potentials. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2006; 106:1-28. [PMID: 16678368 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2006.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2005] [Revised: 03/13/2006] [Accepted: 03/23/2006] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is caused due to deficiency in production of insulin by the pancreas, or by the ineffectiveness of the insulin produced. It is a global problem and number of those affected is increasing day by day. The plants provide a potential source of hypoglycemic drugs because many plants and plant derived compounds have been used in the treatment of diabetes. Several medicinal plants have found potential use as hypoglycemic in the Indian system of medicines, including ayurveda. Many Indian plants have been investigated for their beneficial use in different types of diabetes and reports occur in numerous scientific journals. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review on various plant species from Indian biosphere and their constituents, which have been shown to display potent hypoglycemic activity. The use of herbs as hypoglycemic is a major avenue in Indian perspectives particularly for treating diabetes, which require to be explored more effectively as there are so many literatures available on these aspects. This paper describes the chemistry, activity and usage of the constituents isolated from these plants from India for the treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pulok K Mukherjee
- Pharmacognosy Research Laboratories, Department of Pharmacy, Franklin-Wilkins Building, King's College, London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK.
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Chang MS, Oh MS, Kim DR, Jung KJ, Park S, Choi SB, Ko BS, Park SK. Effects of okchun-san, a herbal formulation, on blood glucose levels and body weight in a model of Type 2 diabetes. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2006; 103:491-5. [PMID: 16185833 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2005.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2005] [Revised: 06/10/2005] [Accepted: 08/20/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The effective control of blood glucose is the key to preventing or reversing diabetic complications. In this study, we examined the effects of Okchun-San (OCS), a Korean herbal medicine formula, on the blood glucose levels in diabetic C57BL/KsJ db/db mice. Herbal medicines were prepared from dried herbs by adding Coicis semen (OCS-C) or Oryzae semen (OCS-O). The experimental animals were divided into a control group and three sample groups; the sample groups received OCS-C (200 mg/kg), OCS-O (200 mg/kg), or acarbose (5 mg/kg) orally once a day for 12 days. On days 5 and 12, the fasting blood glucose levels of vehicle-treated db/db mice were significantly higher than day 0, while those of OCS-C, OCS-O, or acarbose-treated mice had not increased compared to the control group (p<0.01). During intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT), OCS-C group showed improved glucose sensitivity compared to the control group. These results suggest that OCS-C can be useful as an anti-diabetic therapy for Type 2 diabetic patients by lowering the blood glucose level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mun Seog Chang
- Department of Prescriptionology, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
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Truiti MCT, Ferreira ICP, Zamuner MLM, Nakamura CV, Sarragiotto MH, Souza MC. Antiprotozoal and molluscicidal activities of five Brazilian plants. Braz J Med Biol Res 2005; 38:1873-8. [PMID: 16302102 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2005001200016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis, Chagas' disease and schistosomiasis (bilharzia) are parasitic diseases with wide distribution on the American continent, affecting millions of people. In the present study, biological assays for antiprotozoal and molluscicidal activities were carried out with ethanolic extracts of plant species from the Brazilian part of the Upper Paraná River. Crude extracts were obtained by percolation with absolute ethanol from the leaves of Cayaponia podantha Cogn., Nectandra falcifolia (Nees) Castiglioni and Paullinia elegans Cambess., as well as from the aerial parts of Helicteres gardneriana St. Hil. & Naud. and Melochia arenosa Benth., all belonging to genera used in folk medicine. Trypanocidal activity of plants was assayed on epimastigote cultures in liver infusion tryptose. Anti-leishmanial activity was determined over cultures of promastigote forms of the parasite in Schneider's Drosophila medium. Microscopic countings of parasites, after their incubation in the presence of different concentrations of the crude extracts, were made in order to determine the percentage of growth inhibition. C. podantha and M. arenosa, at a concentration of 10 microg/mL, showed 90.4 +/- 11.52 and 88.9 +/- 2.20% growth inhibition, respectively, of epimastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi, whereas N. falcifolia demonstrated an LD50 of 138.5 microg/mL against promastigote forms of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis. Regarding molluscicidal activity, the acute toxicity of the extracts on Biomphalaria glabrata was evaluated by a rapid screening procedure. M. arenosa was 100% lethal to snails at 200 microg/mL and showed an LD50 of 143 microg/mL. Screening of plant extracts represents a continuous effort to find new antiparasitic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C T Truiti
- Departamento de Farmácia e Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo 5790, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil.
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Huang THW, Kota BP, Razmovski V, Roufogalis BD. Herbal or natural medicines as modulators of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors and related nuclear receptors for therapy of metabolic syndrome. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2005; 96:3-14. [PMID: 15667590 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2005.pto960102.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The use of herbal or natural medicines for the treatment of various disorders has a long and extensive history. Many of these herbal medicines are finding their way onto the world market as alternatives to prescribed drugs currently available to treat various disorders/ailments. In particular, hyperlipidaemia is a major risk factor for atherosclerotic coronary vascular disease, which can culminate in mortality in diabetes mellitus. There is overwhelming evidence that patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus often have metabolic syndrome and require a multifactorial intervention including aggressive treatment of arterial hypertension and dyslipidaemia to prevent cardiovascular complications. One of the most active areas of metabolic research into potential treatments is in the role of nuclear receptors as therapeutic targets for both glucose and lipid metabolism. The purpose of this review is to highlight the recent advances made by pharmaceutical and research organizations in identifying biologically active compounds from natural plant products capable of modulating nuclear receptors such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors and, to a lesser extent, liver X receptor and farnesoid X receptor. The specific features presented by these receptors provide an in-depth insight into the pathogenesis of metabolic disease and thus, a means of establishing potential mechanisms of action with traditional medicine. In hindsight, the review offers valuable information for rational drug design using known active compounds of plant origin. Further research may ultimately lead to a reduction in both the chronic microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus and the risk of cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome with the use of traditional medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Hsun-Wei Huang
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Discipline and Herbal Medicines Research and Education Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
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