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Mansour RSH, Hamdan II, Salem MSH, Khalil EA, Sallam ALSA. HPLC method development/validation and skin diffusion study of caffeine, methyl paraben and butyl paraben as skin-diffusing model drugs. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247879. [PMID: 33730060 PMCID: PMC7968716 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The focus of this research was to develop and validate a suitable HPLC method, which allows simultaneous determination of three proposed skin model penetrants to investigate the percutaneous diffusion behavior of their combination: caffeine, methyl paraben and butyl paraben. These penetrants were selected because they represent a wide range of lipophilicities. This model highlights the effect of combining penetrants of different molecular properties on their diffusion behavior through skin. The proposed method employed a gradient system that was systematically optimized for separation and quantification of the penetrants. The effect of the stationary phase (C18, C4 and cyano (CN)) was assessed with CN proven to be superior in terms of peak shape, retentivity and dynamic linear range. Significant differences in retention time, peak broadening, and quantifiability between different stationary phases could be demonstrated. The method was validated as per ICH guidelines Q2 (R1) with a satisfactory outcome. The method was successfully applied for real diffusion experiments, and revealed notable differences between the individual penetrants and their ternary mixture on transdermal permeation. The method could potentially be extended to determine these analytes in other related skin permeation investigations.
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Jørgenrud B, Skadberg E, de Carvalho Ponce J, Furuhaugen H, Berg T. Determination of the alcohol biomarker phosphatidylethanol 16:0/18:1 and 33 compounds from eight different drug classes in whole blood by LC-MS/MS. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2020; 107:106939. [PMID: 33257303 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2020.106939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Most bioanalytical LC-MS/MS methods are developed for determination of single drugs or classes of drugs, but a multi-compound LC-MS/MS method that can replace several methods could reduce both analysis time and costs. The aim of this study was to develop a high-throughput LC-MS/MS method for determination of the alcohol biomarker phosphatidylethanol 16:0/18:1 (PEth 16:0/18:1) and 33 other compounds from eight different drug classes in whole blood. METHODS Whole-blood samples were prepared by 96-well supported liquid extraction (SLE). Chromatographic separations were performed on a biphenyl core shell column with a mobile phase consisting of 10 mM ammonium formate, pH 3.1 and methanol. Each extract was analyzed twice by LC-MS/MS, injecting 0.4 μL and 2 μL, in order to obtain narrow and symmetrical peaks and good sensitivity for all compounds. Stable isotope-labeled internal standards were used for 31 of the 34 compounds. RESULTS A 96-well SLE reversed phase LC-MS/MS method for determination of PEth 16:0/18:1 and 33 other compounds from eight different drug classes was developed and validated. By using an organic solvent mixture of isopropanol/ methyl tert-butyl ether (1:5, v:v), all compounds, including the polar and ampholytic compounds pregabalin, gabapentin and benzoylecgonine, was extracted by 96-well SLE. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION For the first time an LC-MS/MS method for the determination of alcohol biomarker PEth 16:0/18:1 and drugs and metabolites from several different drug classes was developed and validated. The developed LC-MS/MS method can be used for high-throughput analyses and sensitive determinations of the 34 compounds in whole blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedicte Jørgenrud
- Section of Drug Abuse Research, Department of Forensic Sciences, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4950 Nydalen, N-0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Eline Skadberg
- Section of Drug Abuse Research, Department of Forensic Sciences, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4950 Nydalen, N-0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Julio de Carvalho Ponce
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Av Dr. Arnaldo, 455, Brazil
| | - Håvard Furuhaugen
- Section of Drug Abuse Research, Department of Forensic Sciences, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4950 Nydalen, N-0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Thomas Berg
- Section of Drug Abuse Research, Department of Forensic Sciences, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4950 Nydalen, N-0424 Oslo, Norway.
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Jovic K, Nitsche T, Lang C, Blinco JP, De Bruycker K, Barner-Kowollik C. Hyphenation of size-exclusion chromatography to mass spectrometry for precision polymer analysis – a tutorial review. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00370c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Herein we demonstrate how SEC-ESI-MS can be used to analyze complex polymers, a significant challenge in contemporary polymer chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Jovic
- School of Chemistry
- Physics and Mechanical Engineering
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
- Brisbane
- Australia
| | - Tobias Nitsche
- School of Chemistry
- Physics and Mechanical Engineering
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
- Brisbane
- Australia
| | - Christiane Lang
- School of Chemistry
- Physics and Mechanical Engineering
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
- Brisbane
- Australia
| | - James P. Blinco
- School of Chemistry
- Physics and Mechanical Engineering
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
- Brisbane
- Australia
| | - Kevin De Bruycker
- School of Chemistry
- Physics and Mechanical Engineering
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
- Brisbane
- Australia
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- School of Chemistry
- Physics and Mechanical Engineering
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
- Brisbane
- Australia
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Protocols for finding the most orthogonal dimensions for two-dimensional high performance liquid chromatography. Talanta 2015; 134:402-408. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Stevenson PG, Bassanese DN, Conlan XA, Barnett NW. Improving peak shapes with counter gradients in two-dimensional high performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1337:147-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
High-resolution MS (HRMS) in conjunction with LC (LC–HRMS) has become available to many laboratories in the pharmaceutical industry. Due to its enhanced, though sometime perceived, specificity using the high-resolution power and its capability of simultaneous quantitation and structural elucidation using the post-acquisition data mining feature, utilization of LC–HRMS for bioanalysis could lead to potential rapid and reliable method development as well as sample analysis, thus generating both cost and resource savings. Here, we would like to share our perspectives about several current and future applications of LC–HRMS in bioanalysis. We will also discuss the factors influencing the quality of method establishment and potential pitfalls that need to be considered for the utilization of LC–HRMS in the field of regulated bioanalysis. We believe when utilized appropriately, LC–HRMS will play a significant role in the future landscape of quantitative bioanalysis.
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Simultaneous determination of veterinary antibiotics and hormone in broiler manure, soil and manure compost by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1262:160-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Revised: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Zhang W, Han F, Zhao H, Lin ZJ, Huang QM, Weng N. Determination of metformin in rat plasma by HILIC-MS/MS combined with Tecan automation and direct injection. Biomed Chromatogr 2011; 26:1163-9. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.2673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Revised: 10/31/2011] [Accepted: 11/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Frontage Laboratories, Inc.; 105 Great Valley Parkway; Malvern; PA; 19355; USA
| | - Futian Han
- Frontage Laboratories, Inc.; 105 Great Valley Parkway; Malvern; PA; 19355; USA
| | - Harry Zhao
- Frontage Laboratories, Inc.; 105 Great Valley Parkway; Malvern; PA; 19355; USA
| | - Zhongping John Lin
- Frontage Laboratories, Inc.; 105 Great Valley Parkway; Malvern; PA; 19355; USA
| | - Qingtao Mike Huang
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development LLC; 1000 Route 202 South; Raritan; NJ; 08869; USA
| | - Naidong Weng
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development LLC; 1000 Route 202 South; Raritan; NJ; 08869; USA
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Sobhi HR, Vatansever B, Wortmann A, Grouzmann E, Rochat B. Generic approach for the sensitive absolute quantification of large undigested peptides in plasma using a particular liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry setup. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:8536-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.09.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Revised: 09/23/2011] [Accepted: 09/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Korany MA, Fahmy OT, Mahgoub H, Maher HM. High performance liquid chromatographic determination of some guaiphenesin-containing cough-cold preparations. J Adv Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2010.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Zeng W, Xu Y, Constanzer M, Woolf EJ. Determination of sitagliptinin human plasma using protein precipitation and tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2010; 878:1817-23. [PMID: 20605540 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2010.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2010] [Revised: 05/03/2010] [Accepted: 05/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A simple offline LC-MS/MS method for the quantification of sitagliptin in human plasma is described. Samples are prepared using protein precipitation. Filtration of the supernatants through a Hybrid-SPE-PPT plate was found to be necessary to reduce ionization suppression caused by co-elution of phospholipids with sitagliptin. The sitagliptin and its stable isotope labeled internal standard (IS) were chromatographed under hydrophilic interaction chromatography conditions on a Waters Atlantis HILIC Silica column (2.1 mm x 50 mm, 3 microm) using a mobile phase of ACN/H(2)O (80/20, v/v) containing 10 mM NH(4)Ac (pH 4.7). The sample drying after protein precipitation due to high organic content in the sample is not necessary, because HILIC column was used. The analytes were detected with a tandem mass spectrometer employing a turbo ion spray (TIS) interface in positive ionization mode. The multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) transitions were m/z 408-->235 for sitagliptin and m/z 412-->239 for IS. The lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) for this method is 1 ng/mL when 100 microL of plasma is processed. The linear calibration range is 1-1000 ng/mL for sitagliptin. Intra-day precision and accuracy were assessed based on the analysis of six sets of calibration standards prepared in six lots of human control plasma. Intra-day precision (RSD%, n=6) ranged from 1.2% to 6.1% and the intra-day accuracy ranged from 97.6% to 103% of nominal values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zeng
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co. Inc., WP758-300 West Point, PA 19486-0004, USA.
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Separation of carboxylates by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography on titania. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:82-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2009] [Revised: 10/20/2009] [Accepted: 11/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Ali MS, Khatri AR, Munir MI, Ghori M. A Stability-Indicating Assay of Brimonidine Tartrate Ophthalmic Solution and Stress Testing Using HILIC. Chromatographia 2009. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-009-1167-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Hansen SH. Sample preparation and separation techniques for bioanalysis of morphine and related substances. J Sep Sci 2009; 32:825-34. [PMID: 19219840 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In present time the use or misuse of morphine and its derivatives are monitored by assaying the presence of the drug and its metabolites in biofluids. In the present review, focus is placed on the sample preparation and on the separation techniques used in the current best practices of bioanalysis of morphine and its major metabolites. However, as methods for testing the misuse of heroin, a morphine derivative, often involve bioanalytical methods that cover a number of other illicit drug substances, such methods are also included in the review. Furthermore, the review also includes bioanalysis in a broader perspective as analysis of plant materials, cell cultures and environmental samples. The review is not intended to cover all publications that include bioanalysis of morphine but is more to be considered a view into the current best practices of bioanalysis of morphine, its metabolites and other related substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steen Honoré Hansen
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Analytical Chemsitry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Gruendling T, Guilhaus M, Barner-Kowollik C. Design of Experiment (DoE) as a Tool for the Optimization of Source Conditions in SEC-ESI-MS of Functional Synthetic Polymers Synthesized via ATRP. Macromol Rapid Commun 2009; 30:589-97. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.200800738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2008] [Revised: 01/21/2009] [Accepted: 01/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Oertel R, Arenz N, Pietsch J, Kirch W. Simultaneous determination of three anticon-vulsants using hydrophilic interaction LC-MS. J Sep Sci 2008; 32:238-43. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Apostolou C, Kousoulos C, Dotsikas Y, Loukas YL. Comparison of hydrophilic interaction and reversed-phase liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometric detection for the determination of three pharmaceuticals in human plasma. Biomed Chromatogr 2008; 22:1393-402. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Ali MS, Rafiuddin S, Al-Jawi DA, Al-Hetari Y, Ghori MUH, Khatri AR. Stability-indicating assay of sodium cromoglicate in ophthalmic solution using mixed-mode hydrophilic interaction chromatography. J Sep Sci 2008; 31:1645-50. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200700534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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20
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Guo Y, Srinivasan S, Gaiki S. Investigating the Effect of Chromatographic Conditions on Retention of Organic Acids in Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography Using a Design of Experiment. Chromatographia 2007. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-007-0264-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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21
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Chen YL, Jiang X, Weng N. A LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHIC-TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRIC METHOD FOR THE QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF DEXAMETHASONE IN HUMAN PLASMA. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-120004749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Pelzer M, Addison T, Li W, Jiang X, Weng N. DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY–TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY METHOD, USING SILICA COLUMN AND AQUEOUS-ORGANIC MOBILE PHASE, FOR THE ANALYSIS OF CLONIDINE AS LOW AS 10 pg/mL IN HUMAN SERUM. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-120003421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mary Pelzer
- a Covance Laboratories, Inc. , 3301 Kinsman Boulevard, Madison, WI, 53704, U.S.A. E-mail:
| | - Thomas Addison
- a Covance Laboratories, Inc. , 3301 Kinsman Boulevard, Madison, WI, 53704, U.S.A. E-mail:
| | - Wenbao Li
- a Covance Laboratories, Inc. , 3301 Kinsman Boulevard, Madison, WI, 53704, U.S.A. E-mail:
| | - Xiangyu Jiang
- a Covance Laboratories, Inc. , 3301 Kinsman Boulevard, Madison, WI, 53704, U.S.A. E-mail:
| | - Naidong Weng
- a Covance Laboratories, Inc. , 3301 Kinsman Boulevard, Madison, WI, 53704, U.S.A. E-mail:
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Xue YJ, Liu J, Pursley J, Unger S. A 96-well single-pot protein precipitation, liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method for the determination of muraglitazar, a novel diabetes drug, in human plasma. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2006; 831:213-22. [PMID: 16388995 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2005.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2005] [Revised: 11/08/2005] [Accepted: 12/05/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A 96-well single-pot protein precipitation, liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method has been developed and validated for the determination of muraglitazar, a PPAR alpha/gamma dual agonist, in human plasma. The internal standard, a chemical analogue, was dissolved in acetonitrile containing 0.1% formic acid. The solvent system was also served as a protein precipitation reagent. Human plasma samples (0.1 mL) and the internal standard solution (0.3 mL) were added to a 96-well plate. The plate was vortexed for 1 min and centrifuged for 5 min. Then the supernatant layers were directly injected into the LC/MS/MS system. The chromatographic separation was achieved isocratically on a Phenomenox C18(2) Luna column (2 mm x 50 mm, 5 microm). The mobile phase contained 20/80 (v/v) of water and acetonitrile containing 0.1% formic acid. Detection was by positive ion electrospray tandem mass spectrometry on a Sciex API 3000. The standard curve, which ranged from 1 to 1000 ng/mL, was fitted to a 1/x weighted quadratic regression model. This single-pot approach effectively eliminated three time consuming sample preparation steps: sample transfer, dry-down, and reconstitution before the injection, while it preserved all the benefits of the traditional protein precipitation. By properly adjusting the autosampler needle offset level, only the supernatant was injected, without disturbing the precipitated proteins in the bottom. As a result, the quality of chromatography and column life were not compromised. After more than 600 injections, there was only slightly increase of column back-pressure. The validation results demonstrated that this method was rugged and provide satisfactory precision and accuracy. The method has been successfully applied to analyze human plasma samples in support of a first-in-man study. This method has also been validated in monkey and mouse plasma for the determination of muraglitazar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-J Xue
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Bristol-Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA.
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Naidong W. Bioanalytical liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry methods on underivatized silica columns with aqueous/organic mobile phases. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2004; 796:209-24. [PMID: 14581062 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2003.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This review article summarizes the recent progress on bioanalytical LC-MS/MS methods using underivatized silica columns and aqueous/organic mobile phases. Various types of polar analytes were extracted by using protein precipitation (PP), liquid/liquid extraction (LLE) or solid-phase extraction (SPE) and were then analyzed using LC-MS/MS on the silica columns. Use of silica columns and aqueous/organic mobile phases could significantly enhance LC-MS/MS method sensitivity, due to the high organic content in the mobile phase. Thanks to the very low backpressure generated from the silica column with low aqueous/high organic mobile phases, LC-MS/MS methods at high flow rates are feasible, resulting in significant timesaving. Because organic solvents have weaker eluting strength than water, direct injection of the organic solvent extracts from the reversed-phase solid-phase extraction onto the silica column was possible. Gradient elution on the silica columns using aqueous/organic mobile phases was also demonstrated. Contrary to what is commonly perceived, the silica column demonstrated superior column stability. This technology can be a valuable supplement to the reversed-phase LC-MS/MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weng Naidong
- Covance Laboratories Inc., 3301 Kinsman Boulevard, Madison, WI 53704, USA.
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Chen YL, Junga H, Jiang X, Naidong W. Simultaneous determination of theophylline, tolbutamide, mephenytoin, debrisoquin, and dapsone in human plasma using high-speed gradient liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry on a silica-based monolithic column. J Sep Sci 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200301543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Naidong W, Addison T, Schneider T, Jiang X, Halls TDJ. A sensitive LC/MS/MS method using silica column and aqueous-organic mobile phase for the analysis of loratadine and descarboethoxy-loratadine in human plasma. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2003; 32:609-17. [PMID: 12899951 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(03)00168-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive method using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometric detection (LC/MS/MS) was developed and validated for the simultaneous analysis of antihistamine drug loratadine (LOR) and its active metabolite descarboethoxy-loratadine (DCL) in human plasma. Deuterated analytes, i.e. LOR-d(3) and DCL-d(3) were used as the internal standards (I.S.). Analytes were extracted from alkalized human plasma by liquid/liquid extraction using hexane. The extract was evaporated to dryness under nitrogen, reconstituted with 0.1% (v/v) of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in acetonitrile, and injected onto a 50 x 3.0 mm I.D. 5 microm, silica column with an aqueous-organic mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile, water, and TFA (90:10:0.1, v/v/v). The chromatographic run time was 3.0 min per injection and flow rate was 0.5 ml/min. The retention time was 1.2 and 2.0 min for LOR and DCL, respectively. The tandem mass spectrometric detection was by monitoring singly charged precursor-->product ion transitions: 383-->337 (m/z) for LOR, 311-->259 (m/z) for DCL, 388-->342 (m/z) for LOR-d(3), and 316-->262 (m/z) for DCL-d(3). The low limit of quantitation (LLOQ) was 10 pg/ml for LOR and 25 pg/ml for DCL. The inter-day precision of the quality control (QC) samples was 3.5-9.4% relative standard deviation (R.S.D.). The inter-day accuracy of the QC samples was 99.0-107.9% of the nominal values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weng Naidong
- Covance Laboratories Inc., Department of Bioanalytical Chemistry, 3301 Kinsman Boulevard, Madison, WI 53704, USA.
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Eerkes A, Shou WZ, Naidong W. Liquid/liquid extraction using 96-well plate format in conjunction with hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the analysis of fluconazole in human plasma. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2003; 31:917-28. [PMID: 12684104 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(02)00672-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A bioanalytical method using automated sample transferring, automated liquid/liquid extraction (LLE) and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was developed for the determination of fluconazole in human plasma. Samples of 0.05 ml were transferred into 96-well plate using automatic liquid handler (Multiprobe II). Automated LLE was carried out on a 96-channel programmable liquid handling workstation (Quadra 96) using methyl-tetra butyl ether as the extraction solvent. The extract was evaporated to dryness, reconstituted, and injected onto a silica column using an aqueous-organic mobile phase. The chromatographic run time was 2.0 min per injection, with retention times of 1.47 and 1.44 min for fluconazole and internal standard (IS) ritonavir, respectively. The detection was by monitoring fluconazole at m/z 307-->238 and IS at m/z 721-->296, respectively. The standard curve range was 0.5-100 ng ml(-1). The inter-day precision and accuracy of the quality control samples were <7.1% relative standard deviation and <2.2% relative error.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Eerkes
- Covance Laboratories Inc, Department of Bioanalytical Chemistry, 3301 Kinsman Boulevard, Madison, WI 53704, USA
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Rivera HM, Walker GS, Sims DN, Stockham PC. Application of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to the analysis of benzodiazepines in blood. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2003; 9:599-607. [PMID: 15100470 DOI: 10.1255/ejms.573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A sensitive and selective high-performance liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/APCI-MS/MS) method for the simultaneous detection of 18 benzodiazepines and metabolites in human blood is described. The procedure utilises butyl chloride extraction at alkaline pH followed by reversed-phase liquid chromatography. The technique is suitable for screening analyses and confirmation of identity of the benzodiazepines at their lowest reported therapeutic concentrations using 500 microL of blood. The method has been successfully applied in forensic cases involving low concentrations of benzodiazepines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazel M Rivera
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Earth Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
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29
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Chen YL, Felder L, Jiang X, Naidong W. Determination of ketoconazole in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2002; 774:67-78. [PMID: 12052724 DOI: 10.1016/s1570-0232(02)00209-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A simple, rapid and specific high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) has been developed and validated for the determination of ketoconazole in human plasma. The method used diethyl ether to extract the ketoconazole and the internal standard (I.S.) R51012 from alkalinized plasma sample. The LC separation was on a C(18) column (50 x 3 mm, 5 microm) using acetonitrile-water-formic acid (75:25:1, v/v/v) mobile phase. The retention times were approximately 1.8 min for both ketoconazole and the I.S. The MS-MS detection was by monitoring 531.2-->82.1 (m/z) for ketoconazole, and 733.5-->460.2 (m/z) for the I.S. The dynamic range was from 20.0 to 10000 ng/ml based on 0.1 ml plasma, with linear correlation coefficient of > or =0.9985. The run time was 2.5 min/injection. The recoveries of ketoconazole and the I.S. were 102 and 106%, respectively. The precision and accuracy of the control samples were with the relative standard deviations (RSDs) of < or =4.4% (n=6) and the relative errors (REs) from -0.6 to 1.4% for intra-day assay, and < or =8.6% RSD (n=18) and -1.4 to 0.9% RE for inter-day assay. The partial volume tests demonstrated good dilution integrity. Three freeze-thaw cycles, keeping plasma samples at ambient for 24 h, storing extracted samples at ambient for 24 h, and storing frozen plasma samples at approximately -20 degrees C for up to 2 months did not show substantial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Luan Chen
- Department of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Covance Laboratories Inc., 3301 Kinsman Boulevard, Madison, WI 53704, USA.
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30
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Shou WZ, Bu HZ, Addison T, Jiang X, Naidong W. Development and validation of a liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method for the determination of ribavirin in human plasma and serum. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2002; 29:83-94. [PMID: 12062668 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(02)00003-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method was developed for the analysis of antiviral agent ribavirin in human plasma and serum. The samples (0.1 ml) were extracted from the matrix using a simple protein precipitation procedure. The supernatants were evaporated to dryness, reconstituted and injected onto the LC/MS/MS system. The chromatography separation was achieved on a silica column operated with an aqueous-organic mobile phase. The use of a silica column not only provided adequate retention for the extremely polar compound of ribavirin, but also enhanced electrospray ionization sensitivity with the use of high percentage organic solvent in the mobile phase. The method has been validated over the concentration range of 10-10000 ng/ml ribavirin in human plasma and serum. Bamethan was used as the internal standard. The protein precipitation extraction has been automated based on 96-well format with the use of robotic liquid handlers to improve the overall throughput of the analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson Z Shou
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Covance Laboratories Inc., 3301 Kinsman Boulevard, Madison, WI 53704, USA
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31
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Naidong W, Bu H, Chen YL, Shou WZ, Jiang X, Halls TDJ. Simultaneous development of six LC-MS-MS methods for the determination of multiple analytes in human plasma. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2002; 28:1115-26. [PMID: 12049976 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(02)00002-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Traditional sequential single analyte method development is both time-consuming and labor-intensive. In this report, a concept of simultaneously developing multiple liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) methods were proposed. Mass spectrometric and chromatographic conditions as well as sample preparation methods for all analytes were optimized concurrently. Mass spectrometric conditions for six analytes, i.e. clonidine (CLO), albuterol (ALB), fentanyl (FEN), ritonavir (RIT), naltrexone (NAL), and loratadine (LOR), were established simultaneously using the Sciex Analyst software. LC-MS-MS sensitivities obtained using gradient elution methods on reversed-phase Inertsil ODS3 and normal phase Betasil silica columns were compared. Sample extraction methods using protein precipitation, liquid/liquid extraction, or solid-phase extraction (SPE) were evaluated. Recovery of analytes was determined. Matrix effects and interference due to endogenous compounds were investigated. Selection of a potential internal standard was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weng Naidong
- Bioanalytical Chemistry Department, Covance Laboratories, Inc., 3301 Kinsman Boulevard, Madison, WI 53704, USA.
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32
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Current literature in mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2002; 37:443-453. [PMID: 11948851 DOI: 10.1002/jms.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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33
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Chen YL, Hanson GD, Jiang X, Naidong W. Simultaneous determination of hydrocodone and hydromorphone in human plasma by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometric detection. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2002; 769:55-64. [PMID: 11936695 DOI: 10.1016/s1570-0232(01)00616-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A rapid, sensitive and specific liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) method has been developed and validated for the simultaneous analysis of hydrocodone (HYC) and its metabolite hydromorphone (HYM) in human plasma. A robotic liquid handler and a 96-channel liquid handling workstation were used to aliquot samples, to add internal standard (I.S.), and to extract analytes of interest. A 96-well mixed-mode solid-phase cartridge plate was used to extract the analytes and I.S. The chromatographic separation was on a silica column (50 x 3 mm, 5-microm) with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile, water and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) (92:8:0.01, v/v). The run time for each injection was 2.5 min with the retention times of approximately 2.1 and 2.2 min for HYC and HYM, respectively. The tandem mass spectrometric detection was by monitoring singly charged precursor-->product ion transition 300-->199 (m/z) for HYC, and 28-->185 (m/z) for HYM. The validated calibration curve range was 0.100-100 ng/ml, based on a plasma volume of 0.3 ml. The correlation coefficients were greater than or equal to 0.9996 for both HYC and HYM. The low limit of quantitation (LLOQ) was 0.100 ng/ml for both HYC and HYM with signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of 50 and 10. respectively. The deuterated analytes, used as internal standards, were monitored at mass transitions 303-->199 (m/z) for HYC-d3 and 289-->185 (m/z) for HYM-d3. The inter-day (n= 17) precision of the quality control (QC) samples were < or = 3.5% RSD (relative standard deviation) for HYC and < or = 4.7% RSD for HYM, respectively. The inter-day accuracy of the QC samples were < or = 2.1% RE (relative error) for HYC and < or = 1.8% RE for HYM. The intra-day (n=6) precision and accuracy of the QC samples were < or = 2.6% RSD and < or = 3.0% RE for HYC, and < or = 4.7% RSD and < or = 2.4% RE for HYM. There was no significant deviation from the nominal values after a 5-fold dilution of high concentration QC samples by blank matrix. The QC samples were stable when kept at room temperature for 24-h or experienced three freeze-thaw cycles. The extraction recoveries were 86% for HYC and 78% for HYM. No detectable carryover was observed when a blank sample was injected immediately after a 2500 ng/ml sample that was 25-fold more concentrated than the upper limit of quantitation (ULOQ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Luan Chen
- Department of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Covance Laboratories Inc, Madison, WI 53704, USA.
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34
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Eerkes A, Addison T, Naidong W. Simultaneous assay of sildenafil and desmethylsildenafil in human plasma using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry on silica column with aqueous-organic mobile phase. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2002; 768:277-84. [PMID: 11888056 DOI: 10.1016/s1570-0232(01)00602-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for the analysis of sildenafil (SIL) and its metabolite desmethylsildenafil (DMS) in human plasma. Samples were accurately transferred to 96-well plates using a liquid handler (Multiprobe II). Solid-phase extraction was carried out on a 96-channel programmable liquid handling workstation (Quadra 96) using a C8 and cation-exchange mixed-mode sorbent. The extract was injected onto a silica column with an aqueous-organic mobile phase, a combination that was novel for improving the method sensitivity. The low limit of quantitation was 1.0 ng/ml for both SIL and DMS. The method was validated to meet the criteria of current industrial guidance for quantitative bioanalytical methods.
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Naidong W, Shou WZ, Addison T, Maleki S, Jiang X. Liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometric bioanalysis using normal-phase columns with aqueous/organic mobile phases - a novel approach of eliminating evaporation and reconstitution steps in 96-well SPE. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2002; 16:1965-1975. [PMID: 12362389 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Bioanalytical methods using automated 96-well solid-phase extraction (SPE) and liquid chromatography with electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) are widely used in the pharmaceutical industry. SPE methods typically require manual steps of drying of the eluates and reconstituting of the analytes with a suitable injection solvent possessing elution strength weaker than the mobile phase. In this study, we demonstrated a novel approach of eliminating these two steps in 96-well SPE by using normal-phase LC/MS/MS methods with low aqueous/high organic mobile phases, which consisted of 70-95% organic solvent, 5-30% water, and small amount of volatile acid or buffer. While the commonly used SPE elution solvents (i.e. acetonitrile and methanol) have stronger elution strength than a mobile phase on reversed-phase chromatography, they are weaker elution solvents than a mobile phase for normal-phase LC/MS/MS and therefore can be injected directly. Analytical methods for a range of polar pharmaceutical compounds, namely, omeprazole, metoprolol, fexofenadine, pseudoephedrine as well as rifampin and its metabolite 25-desacetyl-rifampin, in biological fluids, were developed and optimized based on the foregoing principles. As a result of the time saving, a batch of 96 samples could be processed in one hour. These bioanalytical LC/MS/MS methods were validated according to "Guidance for Industry - Bioanalytical Method Validation" recommended by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weng Naidong
- Bioanalytical Chemistry Department, Covance Laboratories, Inc., 3301 Kinsman Boulevard, Madison, WI 53704, USA.
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