LC method for the analysis of cefetamet pivoxil hydrochloride in drug substance and powder for oral suspension

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of oral and intravenous cefetamet in dog

The pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) properties of intravenously (IV) administered cefetamet-Na and per os (PO) administered cefetamet pivoxil were investigated in eighteen healthy dogs at three different dose levels. The three doses for IV cefetamet-Na were 95, 190 and 380 mg, while those for oral cefetamet pivoxil were 125, 250 and 500 mg (both equivalent to 90, 180 and 360 mg of cefetamet). An efficacy predictor, measured as the ratios of the time that the concentration of the free drug is over the MIC90 (T > MIC90) and the dosing interval (f% T > MIC90) of IV and PO administration were calculated. The PK parameters' maximum concentration (C max), half-life (t 1/2) and area under the curve (AUC0-t ) after three IV doses were 42.85 ± 11.79 μg/mL, 1.66 ± 0.36 h and 80.10 ± 28.92 mg h/L (95 mg); 93.50 ± 30.51 μg/mL, 1.47 ± 0.13 h and 1.47 ± 0.13 mg h/L (190 mg); 185.74 ± 113.83 μg/mL, 1.60 ± 0.38 h and 263.20 ± 73.27 mg h/L (380 mg). After PO administration, the C max, t 1/2 and AUC0-t at three doses were 9.25 ± 1.02 μg/mL, 1.79 ± 0.50 h and 31.90 ± 4.76 mg h/L (125 mg); 9.75 ± 1.77 μg/mL, 1.93 ± 0.65 h and 42.69 ± 8.93 mg h/L (250 mg); 15.55 ± 6.65 μg/mL, 2.02 ± 0.54 h, and 68.72 ± 24.11 mg h/L (500 mg). The IV f% T > MIC90 was greater than PO f% T > MIC90 when MIC90 was within the range of 0.25-256 mg/L.

Spectrophotometric Determination of Cefetamet Pivoxil Hydrochloride and Pitavastatin Calcium in Tablet Dosage form

Two simple, rapid, specific and accurate analytical methods for the estimation of cefetamet pivoxil hydrochloride and pitavastatin calcium in bulk drug and in their tablet formulations are described. These methods are based on difference spectrophotometry, wherein the measurement is done at maximum 221 nm and minimum 275 nm for cefetamet whereas at maximum 240 nm and minimum 259 nm for pitavastatin. The Beer's law was obeyed in the concentration range of 1-35 μg/ml and 1-25 μg/ml and the molar absorptivities were 1.3×10⁴ lit mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹ and 2.4×10⁴ lit mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹ for cefetamet pivoxil hydrochloride and pitavastatin calcium, respectively. The proposed methods were validated and successfully applied to the estimation of drugs in tablet formulations.

Analysis of cephalosporin antibiotics

A comprehensive review with 276 references for the analysis of members of an important class of drugs, cephalosporin antibiotics, is presented. The review covers most of the methods described for the analysis of these drugs in pure forms, in different pharmaceutical dosage forms and in biological fluids.

Rapid and selective UV spectrophotometric and RP-HPLC methods for dissolution studies of oxybutynin immediate-release and controlled-release formulations

A new UV spectrophotometric method and a reversed-phase HPLC method were developed for quantitative evaluation of oxybutynin hydrochloride (OXB) formulations. Determination of OXB by UV spectroscopic method was based on complexation of OXB with picric acid to form picrate, which was extracted to chloroform. The picrate complex showed quantifiable absorbance at 344nm. Chromatography was carried out at 25 degrees C on a 4.6mm x 250mm 5microm cyano column that contained USP packing L10 with water:methanol:acetonitrile::48:12:40 (v/v), as mobile phase. UV detector was set at 203nm. Both methods were found to be selective, linear, accurate and precise in the specified ranges. The LOD and LOQ of HPLC method were 0.5 and 1.65microg/ml, respectively. Intra-day and inter-day variability for both methods were <2% RSD. These methods were successfully used for quantification of OXB in drug-release studies from immediate-release tablets and controlled-release (CR) formulations.