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Sonawane PD, Chaudhari SR, Ganorkar SB, Patil AS, Shirkhedkar AA. A brief review on critical analytical aspects for quantification of ambroxol in biological samples. Anal Biochem 2022; 657:114888. [PMID: 36087766 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2022.114888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ambroxol (AMB) is a member of the expectorant class, widely used as a secreolytic agent in patients to break up secretions. AMB is rapidly and effectively distributed from blood to tissue. The lungs have the highest concentration of AMB; accumulation of AMB in human lung tissue was detected at concentrations 15- to 20-fold greater than those reported in the circulation. Because of its wide range of actions and therapeutic applications may be worth looking into, particularly for respiratory symptoms, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, influenza, and rhinovirus infections. Though several analytical methodologies have been established and confirmed for the AMB analysis in matrices of pharmaceutical and biological origins, novel sustainable, and economical methods are still to be choice of protocol to increase its sensitivity, reliability, and repeatability. Therefore, the present review offers an overview of critical analytical aspects regarding the HPLC, LC-MS/MS, HPTLC, capillary electrophoresis, spectrophotometry, and electrochemical methods for quantifying AMB in pharmaceutical and biological samples. Furthermore, this review will thoroughly discuss the physicochemical properties, stability, extraction conditions, instrumentation, and operational parameters of the targeted analyte. As a result, for the first time, this review complies with vital background information and an up-to-date interpretation of research undertaken by anticipated methodologies examined and implemented for the pharmaceutical analysis AMB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritam D Sonawane
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, 425405, MS, India.
| | - Suraj R Chaudhari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, 425405, MS, India.
| | - Saurabh B Ganorkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, 425405, MS, India.
| | - Amod S Patil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, 425405, MS, India.
| | - Atul A Shirkhedkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, 425405, MS, India.
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Omotola EO, Oluwole AO, Oladoye PO, Olatunji OS. Occurrence, detection and ecotoxicity studies of selected pharmaceuticals in aqueous ecosystems- a systematic appraisal. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 91:103831. [PMID: 35151848 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical compounds (PCs) have globally emerged as a significant group of environmental contaminants due to the constant detection of their residues in the environment. The main scope of this review is to fill the void of information on the knowledge on the African occurrence of selected PCs in environmental matrices in comparison with those outside Africa and their respective toxic actions on both aquatic and non-aquatic biota through ecotoxicity bioassays. To achieve this objective, the study focused on commonly used and detected pharmaceutical drugs (residues). Based on the conducted literature survey, Africa has the highest levels of ciprofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole, lamivudine, acetaminophen, and diclofenac while Europe has the lowest of all these PC residues in her physical environments. For ecotoxicity bioassays, the few data available are mostly on individual groups of pharmaceuticals whereas there is sparsely available data on their combined forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Oyinkansola Omotola
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa; Department of Chemical Sciences, Tai Solarin University of Education, Ijebu Ode PMB 2118, Ogun State, Nigeria.
| | | | - Peter Olusakin Oladoye
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St, Miami, FL 33199, United States
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Cucurbit[8]uril-Based Potentiometric Sensor Coupled to HPLC for Determination of Tetracycline Residues in Milk Samples. CHEMOSENSORS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors10030098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The determination of chlortetracycline, doxycycline, oxytetracycline, and tetracycline in milk samples by HPLC coupled to a cucurbit[8]uril-based potentiometric sensor is herein presented. The new tetracycline-selective electrode is based on a polymeric membrane incorporating cucurbit[8]uril as a macrocyclic host, potassium tetrakis(p-chlorophenyl) borate as an ionic additive, 2-fluorophenyl 2-nitrophenyl ether as a plasticizer, and multi-walled carbon nanotubes as nanostructured materials. A microfluidic wall-jet flow-cell is implemented as a potentiometric detector after chromatographic separation by a C8 column using a gradient mobile phase of sulphuric acid and acetonitrile. The proposed methodology was validated following International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) and European Union (EU) guidelines. Linear regression models provided R2 in the range from 0.9973 ± 0.0026 to 0.9987 ± 0.0012 for all tetracycline antibiotics. The limits of detection and quantification ranged from 13.3 to 46.0 μg L−1 and 44.4 to 92.1 μg L−1, respectively. Precision intra-day, inter-day, and inter-electrode showed relative standard deviation values lower than 12.5%, 13.5%, and 12.9%, respectively. Accuracy was assessed by analysis of spiked milk samples around the maximum residue limit, yielding recovery values in the range from 81.3 to 108.5%. The simple, sensitive, cost-effective, and reliable HPLC-ion-selective electrode method justifies its use as a competitive alternative for the analysis of tetracycline residues in the food quality control sector.
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Eco-friendly UPLC-MS/MS analysis of possible add-on therapy for COVID-19 in human plasma: Insights of greenness assessment. Microchem J 2021; 166:106234. [PMID: 33824542 PMCID: PMC8016544 DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Facing the pandemic COVID-19 is of highest priority for all researchers nowadays. Recent statistics indicate that the majority of the cases are home-treated. Two drugs of interest, Guaifenesin and Bromohexine HCl, are among the add-on therapy for treatment of COVID-19 mild cases, which has raised the need for their simultaneous determination. The analysis of the two drugs of interest was described using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (UPLC-MS/MS) in plasma of healthy human volunteers using tetryzoline HCl as an internal standard (IS) after liquid-liquid extraction. The applied chromatographic conditions were Kinetex C18 (100 Å, 2.6 µm X 50 mm X 4.6 mm) column and a mixture of methanol: water (95: 5, v/v) as a mobile phase at flow rate 1 mL/min. The positive ionization mode was used for detecting the ions, by observing the pairs of transition m/z 199 < 125 for GUF, m/z 377 < 114 for BRM and m/z 201 < 131 for IS. The linearity range was from 50 to 1500 ng/mL for GUF and 0.5-50 µg/mL for BRM. Limit of detection (LOD) was found to be 35.16 and 0.43 ng/ml for GUF and BRM, respectively. The method was validated according to FDA guidance. The proposed method was assessed to be more eco-friendly versus the reported method using the greenness assessment tools: National Environmental Methods Index (NEMI), Assessment of Green Profile (AGP), Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI) and Eco-Scale. The proposed method was applied for the application of a pilot pharmacokinetic study.
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Furgała-Wojas A, Kowalska M, Nowaczyk A, Fijałkowski Ł, Sałat K. Comparison of Bromhexine and its Active Metabolite - Ambroxol as Potential Analgesics Reducing Oxaliplatin-induced Neuropathic Pain - Pharmacodynamic and Molecular Docking Studies. Curr Drug Metab 2020; 21:548-561. [PMID: 32651960 DOI: 10.2174/1389200221666200711155632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Painful peripheral neuropathy is a dose-limiting adverse effect of the antitumor drug oxaliplatin. The main symptoms of neuropathy: tactile allodynia and cold hyperalgesia, appear in more than 80% of patients on oxaliplatin therapy and are due to the overexpression of neuronal sodium channels (Navs) and neuroinflammation. OBJECTIVE This study assessed antiallodynic and antihyperalgesic properties of two repurposed drugs with antiinflammatory and Nav-blocking properties (bromhexine and its pharmacologically active metabolite - ambroxol) in a mouse model of neuropathic pain induced by oxaliplatin. Using molecular docking techniques, we predicted targets implicated in the observed in vivo activity of bromhexine. METHODS Oxaliplatin (a single intraperitoneal dose of 10 mg/kg) induced tactile allodynia and cold hyperalgesia in CD-1 mice and the effectiveness of single-dose or repeated-dose bromhexine and ambroxol to attenuate pain hypersensitivity was assessed in von Frey and cold plate tests. Additionally, Veber analysis and molecular docking experiments of bromhexine on mouse (m) and human (h) Nav1.6-1.9 were carried out. RESULTS At the corresponding doses, ambroxol was more effective than bromhexine as an antiallodynic agent. However, at the dose of 150 mg/kg, ambroxol induced motor impairments in mice. Repeated-dose bromhexine and ambroxol partially attenuated the development of late-phase tactile allodynia in oxaliplatin-treated mice. Only 7-day administration of bromhexine attenuated the development of late-phase cold hyperalgesia. Bromhexine was predicted to be a strong inhibitor of mNav1.6, mNav1.7, mNav1.9, and hNav1.7-hNav1.9. CONCLUSION The conversion of bromhexine to other than ambroxol active metabolites should be considered when interpreting some of its in vivo effects. Nav-blocking properties of bromhexine (and previously also predicted for ambroxol) might underlie its ability to attenuate pain caused by oxaliplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Furgała-Wojas
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Chair of Pharmacodynamics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna St., 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kowalska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 2 dr. A. Jurasza St., 85-094, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Alicja Nowaczyk
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 2 dr. A. Jurasza St., 85-094, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Łukasz Fijałkowski
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 2 dr. A. Jurasza St., 85-094, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Kinga Sałat
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Chair of Pharmacodynamics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna St., 30-688 Krakow, Poland
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Lv R, Wu E, Wu R, Shen W, Ma C, Shi R, Guo R, Shao M, Liu J. Sensitive detection of clenbuterol by hybrid iridium/silicon nanowire-enhanced laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:7792-7800. [PMID: 32747886 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00186d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing demand for anti-doping drug monitoring in sports and food safety checks by developing sensitive and fast analytical methods. Here we report the development of hybrid Ir/SiNW as a new MALDI matrix for the detection of small molecules. This matrix is characterized by sufficient UV absorption, low-noise background, and high efficiency in ionization of small molecules. Sensitive detection of clenbuterol (LOD: 0.18 pmol) and a variety of other small molecules has been achieved using the Ir/SiNW matrix with a reproducible performance. Compared to the individual components separately, the matrix of hybrid Ir/SiNW synthesized via in situ growth can promote the MS signal intensity by up to 10 fold under identical experimental conditions. We provide a unique mechanism for the high performance of the hybrid Ir/SiNW matrix with the characteristic properties of hydrogen atom transfer and enhanced protonation at the interface of the hybrid nanostructures. Our approach of using a hybrid Ir/SiNW matrix enables detection of clenbuterol quantitatively in complicated biological samples and in vivo experiments, promising a useful tool for food security and anti-doping drug monitoring in sports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Lv
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
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El-Sayed HM, Hashem H. Quality by Design Strategy for Simultaneous HPLC Determination of Bromhexine HCl and Its Metabolite Ambroxol HCl in Dosage Forms and Plasma. Chromatographia 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-020-03924-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Novel ruthenium doped TiO2/reduced graphene oxide hybrid as highly selective sensor for the determination of ambroxol. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.112368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Gil R, Amorim C, Montenegro M, Araújo A. Potentiometric detection in liquid chromatographic systems: An overview. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1602:326-340. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Velasco‐Bejarano B, Bautista J, Noguez MO, Camacho E, Rodríguez ME, Rodríguez L. Resolution of
R‐(−)
and
S‐(+)‐
enantiomers of clenbuterol in pharmaceutical preparations and black‐market products using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Drug Test Anal 2017; 9:1738-1743. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.2294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamín Velasco‐Bejarano
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán‐UNAMDepartamento de Ciencias Químicas, Sección de Química Orgánica Av. 1 de mayo S/N, Col. Sta. María las Torres Cuautitlán Izcalli Estado de México México C.P. 54740
- Laboratorio Nacional de Prevención y Control del Dopaje‐CONADEDirección de Medicina y Ciencias Aplicadas Camino a Santa Teresa No. 482, Col. Peña Pobre, Delegación Tlalpan Ciudad de México México C. P. 14060
| | - Jahir Bautista
- Laboratorio Nacional de Prevención y Control del Dopaje‐CONADEDirección de Medicina y Ciencias Aplicadas Camino a Santa Teresa No. 482, Col. Peña Pobre, Delegación Tlalpan Ciudad de México México C. P. 14060
| | - Ma. Olivia Noguez
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán‐UNAMDepartamento de Ciencias Químicas, Sección de Química Orgánica Av. 1 de mayo S/N, Col. Sta. María las Torres Cuautitlán Izcalli Estado de México México C.P. 54740
| | - Evangelina Camacho
- Laboratorio Nacional de Prevención y Control del Dopaje‐CONADEDirección de Medicina y Ciencias Aplicadas Camino a Santa Teresa No. 482, Col. Peña Pobre, Delegación Tlalpan Ciudad de México México C. P. 14060
| | - Martha E. Rodríguez
- Laboratorio Nacional de Prevención y Control del Dopaje‐CONADEDirección de Medicina y Ciencias Aplicadas Camino a Santa Teresa No. 482, Col. Peña Pobre, Delegación Tlalpan Ciudad de México México C. P. 14060
| | - Leonardo Rodríguez
- Laboratorio Nacional de Prevención y Control del Dopaje‐CONADEDirección de Medicina y Ciencias Aplicadas Camino a Santa Teresa No. 482, Col. Peña Pobre, Delegación Tlalpan Ciudad de México México C. P. 14060
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ZHANG LM, HUANG XY, ZHANG YM, LI JP, ZHANG L, ZENG Y. A Novel Molecularly Imprinted Fluorescence Test Strip for Detection of Cimaterol. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(16)60967-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Khaemba GW, Tochi BN, Mukunzi D, Joel I, Guo L, Suryobrobowo S, Song S, Kuang H, Xu C. Development of monoclonal antibody and lateral test strip for sensitive detection of clenbuterol and related β2-agonists in urine samples. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2015.1079598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Determination of bromhexine at a glassy carbon paste electrode using differential pulse voltammetry and flow injection analysis with amperometric detection. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-015-1469-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Chen X, Luo Y, Shi B, Gao Z, Du Y, Liu X, Zhao W, Lin B. Determination of beta-agonists in swine hair by μFIA and chemiluminescence. Electrophoresis 2015; 36:986-93. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Chen
- Feed Research Institute; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology and State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian China
| | - Yong Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology and State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian China
| | - Bo Shi
- Feed Research Institute; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Zhigang Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology and State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian China
| | - Yuguang Du
- Institute of Process Engineering; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Xianming Liu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian China
| | - Weijie Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology and State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian China
| | - Bingcheng Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology and State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian China
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian China
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Daems D, van Nuijs ALN, Covaci A, Hamidi-Asl E, Van Camp G, Nagels LJ. Potentiometric detection in UPLC as an easy alternative to determine cocaine in biological samples. Biomed Chromatogr 2014; 29:1124-9. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Devin Daems
- University of Antwerp; Department of Chemistry; Groenenborgerlaan 171 B-2020 Antwerp Belgium
- University of Antwerp; Centre of Medical Genetics; Universiteitsplein 1 B-2610 Antwerp Belgium
| | | | - Adrian Covaci
- University of Antwerp; Toxicological Center; Universiteitsplein 1 B-2610 Antwerp Belgium
| | - Ezat Hamidi-Asl
- University of Antwerp; Department of Chemistry; Groenenborgerlaan 171 B-2020 Antwerp Belgium
| | - Guy Van Camp
- University of Antwerp; Centre of Medical Genetics; Universiteitsplein 1 B-2610 Antwerp Belgium
| | - Luc J. Nagels
- University of Antwerp; Department of Chemistry; Groenenborgerlaan 171 B-2020 Antwerp Belgium
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Levent A, Yardım Y, Şentürk Z. Electrochemical performance of boron-doped diamond electrode in surfactant-containing media for ambroxol determination. SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B: CHEMICAL 2014; 203:517-526. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2014.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
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Tang P, Huo J, Zhang H, Lei H, Lin X. Surface Plasmon Resonance-based Inhibitive Immunoassay Coupled with Dummy Template Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Solid Phase Extraction for On-line Analysis of Trace Clenbuterol. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201400153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Samir A, Lotfy HM, Salem H, Abdelkawy M. Development and validation of simultaneous spectrophotometric and TLC-spectrodensitometric methods for determination of beclomethasone dipropionate and salbutamol in combined dosage form. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2014; 128:127-136. [PMID: 24662761 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Spectrophotometric and TLC-spectrodensitometric methods were developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of beclomethasone dipropionate (BEC) and salbutamol (SAL). The spectrophotometric methods include dual wavelength, ratio difference, constant center coupled with a novel method namely, spectrum subtraction and mean centering with mean percentage recoveries and RSD 99.72±1.07 and 99.70±1.12, 100.25±1.12 and 99.89±1.12, 99.66±1.85 and 99.19±1.32, 100.74±1.26 and 101.06±0.90 for BEC and SAL respectively. The TLC-spectrodensitometric method was based on separation of both drugs on TLC aluminum plates of silica gel 60 F254, using benzene: methanol: triethylamine (10:1.5:0.5 v/v/v) as a mobile phase, followed by densitometric measurements of their bands at 230 nm. The mean percentage recoveries and RSD were 99.07±1.25 and 101.35±1.50 for BEC and SAL respectively. The proposed methods were validated according to ICH guidelines and were applied for the simultaneous analysis of the cited drugs in synthetic mixtures and pharmaceutical preparation. The methods were found to be rapid, specific, precise and accurate and can be successfully applied for the routine analysis of BEC and SAL in their pharmaceutical formulation with no need for prior separation. The results obtained were statistically compared to each other and to that of the reported HPLC method. The statistical comparison showed that there is no significant difference regarding both accuracy and precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Samir
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, Egypt.
| | - Hayam M Lotfy
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Hesham Salem
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Abdelkawy
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt
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Li Y, Qi P, Ma X, Zhong J. Quick detection technique for clenbuterol hydrochloride by using surface plasmon resonance biosensor. Eur Food Res Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-014-2201-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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20
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Belal FF, Sharaf El-Din MK, El-Enany NM, Saad S. Micellar liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous determination of Levofloxacin and Ambroxol in combined tablets: Application to biological fluids. Chem Cent J 2013; 7:162. [PMID: 24079576 PMCID: PMC4015170 DOI: 10.1186/1752-153x-7-162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Levofloxacin hemihydrate (LEV) and ambroxol HCl (AMB) are available for the treatment of upper and lower respiratory tract infections. A survey of the literature reveals that two reversed phase HPLC methods were e reported for the simultaneous determination of LEV and AMB in pharmaceutical preparations. However the reported methods suffers from the low sensitivity, no application of the method in the combined tablets and no application to biological fluids. Also the toxic effects of the used solvents which are harmful to human beings. For this reason, our target was to develop a simple sensitive, less hazardous micellar HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of LEV and AMB in their combined dosage forms and plasma. RESULTS The method showed good linearity over the ranges of 1-44 μg/mL and 1-20 μg/mL with limits of detection 0.26 and 0.07 μg/mL and limits of quantification 0.80 and 0.20 μg/mL for LEV and AMB, respectively. The method was further extended to the determination of LEV in spiked human plasma with mean percentage recoveries of 100.10% ± 1.14 as well as determination of LEV in real human plasma without prior extraction. Statistical evaluation of the data was performed according to ICH Guidelines. CONCLUSION The suggested method was successfully applied for the simultaneous analysis of the studied drugs in their co-formulated tablets and human plasma. The mean percentage recoveries in combined tablets were 100.20 ± 1.64 and 100.72 ± 1.11 for LEV and AMB, respectively and 100.10 ± 1.14 for LEV in spiked human plasma. Statistical comparison of the results with those of the comparison method revealed good agreement and proved that there were no significant difference in the accuracy and precision between the two methods respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fathalla F Belal
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mansoura, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
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Abdel-Ghani NT, Rizk MS, Mostafa M. Extractive determination of ephedrine hydrochloride and bromhexine hydrochloride in pure solutions, pharmaceutical dosage form and urine samples. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2013; 111:131-141. [PMID: 23624039 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Simple, rapid, sensitive, precise and accurate spectrophotometeric methods for the determination of ephedrine hydrochloride (E-HCl) and bromhexine hydrochloride (Br-HCl) in bulk samples, dosage form and in spiked urine samples were investigated. The methods are based on the formation of a yellow colored ion-associates due to the interaction between the examined drugs with picric acid (PA), chlorophyllin coppered trisodium salt (CLPH), alizarin red (AR) and ammonium reineckate (Rk) reagents. A buffer solution had been used and the extraction was carried out using organic solvent, the ion associates exhibit absorption maxima at 410, 410, 430 and 530 nm of (Br-HCl)with PA, CLPH, AR and Rk respectively; 410, 410, 435 and 530 of (E-HCl) with PA, CLPH, AR and Rk respectively. (E-HCl) and (Br-HCl) could be determined up to 13, 121, 120 and 160; 25, 200, 92 and 206 μg mL(-1), using PA, CLPH, AR and Rk respectively. The optimum reaction conditions for quantitative analysis were investigated. In addition, the molar absorptivity, Sandell sensitivity were determined for the investigated drug. The correlation coefficient was ≥0.995 (n=6) with a relative standard deviation (RSD) ≤1.15 for five selected concentrations of the reagents. Therefore the concentration of Br-HCl and E-HCl drugs in their pharmaceutical formulations and spiked urine samples had been determined successfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- N T Abdel-Ghani
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Egypt.
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22
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Muralidharan S, Kumar JR, Dhanara SA. Development and validation of an high-performance liquid chromatographic, and a ultraviolet spectrophotometric method for determination of Ambroxol hydrochloride in pharmaceutical preparations. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2013; 4:65-8. [PMID: 23662284 PMCID: PMC3645355 DOI: 10.4103/2231-4040.107503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) and ultraviolet (UV) methods were developed and validated for the quantitative determination of Ambroxol hydrochloride (AMH) in pharmaceutical dosage form. HPLC was carried out by reversed phase (RP) technique on an RP-18 column with a mobile phase composed of acetonitrile and water (pH 3.5 adjusted with orthophosphoric acid [60:40, v/v]). UV method was performed with the λmax at 250 nm. Both the methods showed good linearity, reproducibility, and precision. No spectral or chromatographic interferences from the tablet excipients were found in UV and HPLC. The method was successfully applied to commercial tablets. Validation parameters such as linearity, precision, accuracy, and specificity were determined. The HPLC Limit of detection (LOD) and Limit of quantification (LOQ) for Ambroxol were found to be 1 and 5 ng/ml, respectively. The UV LOD and LOQ for Ambroxol were found to be 1 and 4 μg/ml, respectively. The results were statistically compared using one-way analysis of variance. The proposed economical method could be applicable for routine analysis of AMH and monitoring of the quality of marketed drugs.
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23
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Daems D, Van Camp G, Fernandez M, Guisez Y, Prinsen E, Nagels L. Use of potentiometric detection in (ultra) high performance liquid chromatography and modelling with adsorption/desorption binding kinetics. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 777:25-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2012] [Revised: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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24
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Multiwalled carbon nanotube-4-tert-butyl calix[6]arene composite electrochemical sensor for clenbuterol hydrochloride determination by means of differential pulse adsorptive stripping voltammetry. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-012-0466-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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25
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De Wael K, Daems D, Van Camp G, Nagels LJ. Use of potentiometric sensors to study (bio)molecular interactions. Anal Chem 2012; 84:4921-7. [PMID: 22540531 DOI: 10.1021/ac3005428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Potentiometric sensors were used to study molecular interactions in liquid environments with sensorgram methodology. This is demonstrated with a lipophilic rubber-based and a collagen-based hydrogel sensor coating. The investigated molecules were promazine and tartaric acid, respectively. The sensors were placed in a hydrodynamic wall-jet system for the recording of sensorgrams. Millivolt sensor responses were first converted to a signal, expressing the concentration of adsorbed organic ions. Using a linearization method, a pseudo-first order-kinetic model of adsorption was shown to fit the experimental results perfectly. K(assoc), k(on), and k(off) values were calculated. The technique can be used over 4 decades of concentration, and it is very sensitive to low-MW compounds as well as to multiply charged large biomolecules. This study is the first to demonstrate the application of potentiometric sensors as an alternative and complement to surface plasmon resonance methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- K De Wael
- Chemistry Department, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
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26
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Imidazoline type stationary phase for hydrophilic interaction chromatography and reversed-phase liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:5987-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2010] [Revised: 04/06/2011] [Accepted: 04/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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27
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Prabhu SL, Shirwaikar AA, Shirwaikar A, Kumar CD, Kumar GA. Simultaneous UV Spectrophotometric Estimation of Ambroxol Hydrochloride and Levocetirizine Dihydrochloride. Indian J Pharm Sci 2011; 70:236-8. [PMID: 20046721 PMCID: PMC2792483 DOI: 10.4103/0250-474x.41464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2006] [Revised: 09/28/2007] [Accepted: 04/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel, simple, sensitive and rapid spectrophotometric method has been developed for simultaneous estimation of ambroxol hydrochloride and levocetirizine dihydrochloride. The method involved solving simultaneous equations based on measurement of absorbance at two wavelengths 242 nm and 231 nm, the γ max of ambroxol hydrochloride and levocetirizine dihydrochloride, respectively. Beer's law was obeyed in the concentration range 10–50 μg/ml and 8–24 μg/ml for ambroxol hydrochloride and levocetirizine dihydrochloride respectively. Results of the method were validated statistically and by recovery studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lakshmana Prabhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal-576 104, India
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28
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Abstract
Clenbuterol is therapeutically used for the treatment of pulmonary diseases such as bronchial asthma or for tocolytic reasons. In cattle feeding as well as in sports it is illicitly misused due to its anabolic properties to promote muscle growth. Sample preparation procedures and analytical techniques used for the detection of clenbuterol are manifold and vary with the objectives of the investigation. Methods for its detection in biological specimens, drug preparations, the environment, food and feed products are reported. They are mainly based on immunochemical, chromatographic and mass spectrometric techniques, or on capillary electrophoresis. Sample preparation primarily includes liquid-liquid extraction and solid-phase extraction. Depending on the aim of the method clenbuterol can be determined in single- or multi-analyte methods. In biological and environmental samples concentrations are generally low due to the potency of the drug. Thus, highly sensitive procedures are required for expedient analyses.
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29
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Lin CC, Tseng CC, Chuang TK, Lee DS, Lee GB. Urine analysis in microfluidic devices. Analyst 2011; 136:2669-88. [PMID: 21617803 DOI: 10.1039/c1an15029d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidics has attracted considerable attention since its early development in the 1980s and has experienced rapid growth in the past three decades due to advantages associated with miniaturization, integration and automation. Urine analysis is a common, fast and inexpensive clinical diagnostic tool in health care. In this article, we will be reviewing recent works starting from 2005 to the present for urine analysis using microfluidic devices or systems and to provide in-depth commentary about these techniques. Moreover, commercial strips that are often treated as chips and their readers for urine analysis will also be briefly discussed. We start with an introduction to the physiological significance of various components or measurement standards in urine analysis, followed by a brief introduction to enabling microfluidic technologies. Then, microfluidic devices or systems for sample pretreatments and for sensing urinary macromolecules, micromolecules, as well as multiplexed analysis are reviewed, in this sequence. Moreover, a microfluidic chip for urinary proteome profiling is also discussed, followed by a section discussing commercial products. Finally, the authors' perspectives on microfluidic-based urine analysis are provided. These advancements in microfluidic techniques for urine analysis may improve current routine clinical practices, particularly for point-of-care (POC) applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Che Lin
- Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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30
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Agrawal OD, Shirkhedkar AA, Surana SJ. Simultaneous determination of levofloxacin hemihydrate and ambroxol hydrochloride in tablets by thin-layer chromatography combined with densitometry. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2010. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934810040131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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31
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Sumarlik E, Indrayanto G. TLC Densitometric Determination of Bromhexine Hydrochloride in Pharmaceuticals, and Its Validation. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2009. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-120039417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Endang Sumarlik
- a Quality Control Laboratory , Bernofarm Pharmaceutical Company , Buduran, Sidoarjo , Surabaya , Indonesia
| | - Gunawan Indrayanto
- b Assessment Service Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy , Airlangga University , Dharmawangsa dalam, Surabaya , 60286 , Indonesia
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32
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Kong J, Jiang L, Su X, Qin J, Du Y, Lin B. Integrated microfluidic immunoassay for the rapid determination of clenbuterol. LAB ON A CHIP 2009; 9:1541-7. [PMID: 19458860 DOI: 10.1039/b818430e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
An integrated microfluidic immunoassay system was established for high throughput analysis of clenbuterol. This system consisted of an integrated microchip and a linear confocal laser induced fluorescence (LIF) scanner. The microchip was composed of three layers: a fluidic channel layer, a PDMS membrane layer and a pneumatic control layer. The multi-layer chip was integrated with 36 pneumatic micro-valves and multiple micro-pumps to realize the flexible reagent delivery, facilitating the automatic assays with less consumption of samples and reduced analysis time. The homemade LIF scanner was able to simultaneously detect multi-channels and provide the potential capability of high throughput assays. The performance of the system was demonstrated by the determination of clenbuterol, one of the most widely used beta-agonists. Under the optimal conditions, the linear range and the limit of detection of clenbuterol were 0 approximately 5.0 ng mL(-1) and 0.088 ng mL(-1), respectively. The recovery rates determined with pig urine samples of 1.0 ng mL(-1) and 2.0 ng mL(-1) were 98.74% and 102.51% (n = 3), respectively. The total detection time was less than 30 min. The system had the potential application for rapid detection of multiple beta-agonists in clinical, pharmaceutical and chemical analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Kong
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
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33
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Mohammad M, Zawilla N. Thin-layer and column-chromatographic methods for simultaneous analysis of ambroxol hydrochloride and doxycycline hyclate in a binary mixture. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2009. [DOI: 10.1556/jpc.22.2009.3.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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34
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Solid substrate-room temperature phosphorimetry for the determination of residual clenbuterol hydrochloride based on the catalysis of sodium periodate oxidizing eosine Y. Anal Chim Acta 2009; 638:69-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2009.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2008] [Revised: 12/28/2008] [Accepted: 02/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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35
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Zheng S, Song S, Lan H, Qu G, Li R, Wu A, Zhang D. Newly Combined Method of Molecularly Imprinted Solid-Phase Extraction with ELISA for Rapid Detection of Clenbuterol in Animal-Tissue Samples. ANAL LETT 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710802677134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sulian Zheng
- a Bor Luh Food Safety Center, Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , P. R. China
| | - Suquan Song
- b Institute for Agri-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Shanghai , P. R. China
| | - Huo Lan
- a Bor Luh Food Safety Center, Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , P. R. China
| | - Guorun Qu
- c Medical School, Southeast University , Nanjing , P. R. China
| | - Rongxiu Li
- a Bor Luh Food Safety Center, Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , P. R. China
| | - Aibo Wu
- a Bor Luh Food Safety Center, Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , P. R. China
| | - Dabing Zhang
- a Bor Luh Food Safety Center, Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , P. R. China
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36
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Vissers B, Everaert J, Sekula J, Malak A, Bohets H, Bazylak G, Nagels LJ. Unique potentiometric detection systems for HPLC determination of some steroids in human urine. J Sep Sci 2009; 32:167-79. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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37
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Development and Validation of Simultaneous UV Spectrophotometric Method for the Determination of Levofloxacin and Ambroxol in Tablets. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY-DAEHAN HWAHAK HOE JEE 2008. [DOI: 10.5012/jkcs.2008.52.6.622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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38
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Hu W, Xu Y, Liu F, Liu A, Guo Q. Rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for the quantification of ambroxol in human plasma. Biomed Chromatogr 2008; 22:1108-14. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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39
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Hadad GM, El-Gindy A, Mahmoud WMM. HPLC and chemometrics-assisted UV-spectroscopy methods for the simultaneous determination of ambroxol and doxycycline in capsule. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2008; 70:655-663. [PMID: 17931962 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2007.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2007] [Revised: 08/16/2007] [Accepted: 08/27/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and multivariate spectrophotometric methods are described for the simultaneous determination of ambroxol hydrochloride (AM) and doxycycline (DX) in combined pharmaceutical capsules. The chromatographic separation was achieved on reversed-phase C(18) analytical column with a mobile phase consisting of a mixture of 20mM potassium dihydrogen phosphate, pH 6-acetonitrile in ratio of (1:1, v/v) and UV detection at 245 nm. Also, the resolution has been accomplished by using numerical spectrophotometric methods as classical least squares (CLS), principal component regression (PCR) and partial least squares (PLS-1) applied to the UV spectra of the mixture and graphical spectrophotometric method as first derivative of the ratio spectra ((1)DD) method. Analytical figures of merit (FOM), such as sensitivity, selectivity, analytical sensitivity, limit of quantitation and limit of detection were determined for CLS, PLS-1 and PCR methods. The proposed methods were validated and successfully applied for the analysis of pharmaceutical formulation and laboratory-prepared mixtures containing the two component combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada M Hadad
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt.
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40
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Melwanki MB, Fuh MR. Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction combined with semi-automated in-syringe back extraction as a new approach for the sample preparation of ionizable organic compounds prior to liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1198-1199:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2008] [Revised: 04/29/2008] [Accepted: 05/06/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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41
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Lai WH, Fung DYC, Xu Y, Xiong YH. Screening procedures for clenbuterol residue determination in raw swine livers using lateral-flow assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. J Food Prot 2008; 71:865-9. [PMID: 18468049 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-71.4.865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Clenbuterol, which may cause symptoms of increased heart rate, muscular tremors, headache, nausea, and muscular cramps in patients, has been prohibited for consumption in many countries including the European Union, the United States, and China. A rapid lateral-flow strip assay was developed in our laboratory, and results obtained with this assay were compared with those obtained with a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit for the screening of clenbuterol in raw swine liver. A total of 128 swine livers were acquired from five local markets and prepared for analysis by the lateral-flow strip assay and ELISA. Analysis was completed in 10 min with the lateral-flow strip assay and in 90 min with the ELISA. In parallel with the ELISA, the rapid detection strip produced no false-negative results but had a false-positive rate of 6.3%. Cross-reactivity of the strip was assessed and was negative after tests with clenbuterol analogues such as terbutaline, salbutamol, ractopamine, ritodrine, and fenoterol. These data suggest that a lateral-flow strip assay can be used safely as a screening method as part of a clenbuterol residue surveillance program and should be a valuable tool in the food safety field, especially in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei H Lai
- Key Laboratory of Food Science, Nanchang University, Ministry of Education, Nanchang 330047, China.
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42
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Wen Y, Wang Y, Feng YQ. Extraction of clenbuterol from urine using hydroxylated poly(glycidyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) monolith microextraction followed by high-performance liquid chromatography determination. J Sep Sci 2007; 30:2874-80. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200700321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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43
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Natishan TK. Recent Developments of Achiral HPLC Methods in Pharmaceuticals Using Various Detection Modes. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-120030603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Theresa K. Natishan
- a Merck & Co., Inc., Merck Research Laboratories , RY818‐C215, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway , New Jersey , 07065 , USA
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44
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Özkan SA. LC with Electrochemical Detection. Recent Application to Pharmaceuticals and Biological Fluids. Chromatographia 2007. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-007-0223-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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45
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El-Gindy A, Emara S, Shaaban H. Development and validation of chemometrics-assisted spectrophotometric and liquid chromatographic methods for the simultaneous determination of two multicomponent mixtures containing bronchodilator drugs. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2007; 43:973-82. [PMID: 17046190 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2006.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2006] [Revised: 09/09/2006] [Accepted: 09/11/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Three methods are developed for the determination of two multicomponent mixtures containing guaiphenesine (GU) with salbutamol sulfate (SL), methylparaben (MP) and propylparaben (PP) [mixture 1]; and acephylline piperazine (AC) with bromhexine hydrochloride (BX), methylparaben (MP) and propylparaben (PP) [mixture 2]. The resolution of the two multicomponent mixtures has been accomplished by using numerical spectrophotometric methods such as partial least squares (PLS-1) and principal component regression (PCR) applied to UV absorption spectra of the two mixtures. In addition HPLC method was developed using a RP 18 column at ambient temperature with mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile-0.05 M potassium dihydrogen phosphate, pH 4.3 (60:40, v/v), with UV detection at 243 nm for mixture 1, and mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile-0.05 M potassium dihydrogen phosphate, pH 3 (50:50, v/v), with UV detection at 245 nm for mixture 2. The methods were validated in terms of accuracy, specificity, precision and linearity in the range of 20-60 microg ml(-1) for GU, 1-3 microg ml(-1) for SL, 20-80 microg ml(-1) for AC, 0.2-1.8 microgml(-1) for PP and 1-5 microg ml(-1) for BX and MP. The proposed methods were successfully applied for the determination of the two multicomponent combinations in laboratory prepared mixtures and commercial syrups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa El-Gindy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt.
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46
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Tai A, Takebayashi J, Ueno A, Gohda E, Yamamoto I. An isocratic HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of novel stable lipophilic ascorbic acid derivatives and their metabolites. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2006; 840:38-43. [PMID: 16822727 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2006.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2005] [Revised: 02/13/2006] [Accepted: 04/09/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
2-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-6-O-hexadecanoyl-L-ascorbic acid (6-sPalm-AA-2G), a novel stable lipophilic ascorbic acid derivative, was hydrolyzed to 2-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid (AA-2G), ascorbyl 6-palmitate (6-sPalm-AA) and ascorbic acid (AA) with alpha-glucosidase and lipase. An HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of AA, AA-2G, 6-sPalm-AA and 6-sPalm-AA-2G was developed using a cyanopropyl column with an isocratic solution of methanol-phosphate buffer (pH 2.1) (65:35, v/v) containing 20mg/l of dithiothreitol at a detection wavelength of 240 nm. The calibration curves were found to be linear in the range of 10-200 microM. Linear regression analysis of the data demonstrated the efficacy of the method in terms of precision and accuracy. This method was satisfactorily applied to the determination of 6-sPalm-AA-2G and its three metabolites in a 6-sPalm-AA-2G solution treated with purified enzymes or a small intestine post-mitochondrial supernatant and to the separation of novel stable lipophilic AA derivatives other than 6-sPalm-AA-2G and their metabolites. AA, AA-2G and other well-known stable AA derivatives, ascorbic acid 2-phosphate and ascorbic acid 2-sulfate, were also separated under the same conditions. The results show that the procedure is rapid and simple and that it can be employed for in vitro metabolic analysis of various AA derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Tai
- Department of Immunochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
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47
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Vissers B, Bohets H, Everaert J, Cool P, Vansant E, Du Prez F, Kauffmann J, Nagels L. Characteristics of new composite- and classical potentiometric sensors for the determination of pharmaceutical drugs. Electrochim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2006.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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48
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Satínský D, Huclová J, Ferreira RLC, Montenegro MCBSM, Solich P. Determination of ambroxol hydrochloride, methylparaben and benzoic acid in pharmaceutical preparations based on sequential injection technique coupled with monolithic column. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2006; 40:287-93. [PMID: 16165338 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2005.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2005] [Revised: 07/19/2005] [Accepted: 07/27/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The porous monolithic columns show high performance at relatively low pressure. The coupling of short monoliths with sequential injection technique (SIA) results in a new approach to implementation of separation step to non-separation low-pressure method. In this contribution, a new separation method for simultaneous determination of ambroxol, methylparaben and benzoic acid was developed based on a novel reversed-phase sequential injection chromatography (SIC) technique with UV detection. A Chromolith SpeedROD RP-18e, 50-4.6 mm column with 10 mm precolumn and a FIAlab 3000 system with a six-port selection valve and 5 ml syringe were used for sequential injection chromatographic separations in our study. The mobile phase used was acetonitrile-tetrahydrofuran-0.05M acetic acid (10:10:90, v/v/v), pH 3.75 adjusted with triethylamine, flow rate 0.48 mlmin(-1), UV-detection was at 245 nm. The analysis time was <11 min. A new SIC method was validated and compared with HPLC. The method was found to be useful for the routine analysis of the active compounds ambroxol and preservatives (methylparaben or benzoic acid) in various pharmaceutical syrups and drops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalibor Satínský
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, Hradec Králové 500 05, Czech Republic.
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SATINSKY D, SANTOS L, SKLENAROVA H, SOLICH P, MONTENEGRO M, ARAUJO A. Sequential injection chromatographic determination of ambroxol hydrochloride and doxycycline in pharmaceutical preparations. Talanta 2005; 68:214-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2005.06.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2005] [Revised: 06/30/2005] [Accepted: 06/30/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Melwanki MB, Hsu WH, Huang SD. Determination of clenbuterol in urine using headspace solid phase microextraction or liquid–liquid–liquid microextraction. Anal Chim Acta 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2005.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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