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Mani G, Porter D, Grove K, Collins S, Ornberg A, Shulfer R. A comprehensive review of biological and materials properties of Tantalum and its alloys. J Biomed Mater Res A 2022; 110:1291-1306. [PMID: 35156305 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tantalum (Ta) and its alloys have been used for various cardiovascular, orthopedic, fracture fixation, dental, and spinal fusion implants. This review evaluates the biological and material properties of Ta and its alloys. Specifically, the biological properties including hemocompatibility and osseointegration, and material properties including radiopacity, MRI compatibility, corrosion resistance, surface characteristics, semiconductivity, and mechanical properties are covered. This review highlights how the material properties of Ta and its alloys contribute to its excellent biological properties for use in implants and medical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopinath Mani
- Division of Science and Technology, Abbott, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Deanna Porter
- Division of Science and Technology, Abbott, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kent Grove
- Division of Science and Technology, Abbott, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Shell Collins
- Division of Science and Technology, Abbott, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Andreas Ornberg
- Division of Science and Technology, Abbott, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Robert Shulfer
- Division of Science and Technology, Abbott, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
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Microcatheter-Facilitated Primary Angioplasty in ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction. Can J Cardiol 2018; 34:23-30. [PMID: 29275878 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Direct stenting is the best method for achieving reperfusion in primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI). We hypothesized that the use of a microcatheter (MC) during PPCI when Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) flow ≤ 1 after wire crossing would allow visualization of the downstream artery with an optimal TIMI 3 flow at the end of the procedure. METHODS In this pilot study, PPCI patients with TIMI flow ≤ 1 after wire crossing formed the MC group (n = 60); the MC was positioned in the distal part of the culprit artery and a small amount of contrast was injected through it to determine stent size and length to treat the culprit lesion. The MC group was compared with previous consecutive patients treated using standard PPCI (n = 94; similar characteristics except for the rate of previous percutaneous coronary intervention). RESULTS In the MC group, downstream arteries were visualized in 98% of cases and direct stenting was achieved in 72% vs 31% (P < 0.0001). Final TIMI 3 flow was similar in both groups (97%). There was less manual thrombectomy (20% vs 63%; P < 0.001) and bailout glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor use (6.7% vs 29.8%; P < 0.002). The incidence of major adverse events (death, shock, severe arrhythmia) and left ventricular ejection fraction were similar. The peak cardiac enzymes level was significantly lower in the MC group. CONCLUSIONS The MC strategy appears feasible and safe. It could allow exploring new strategies on the basis of more systematic direct stenting and prepared reperfusion by injecting drugs through the MC before reperfusion.
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Immediate and 1-year follow-up with the novel nanosurface modified COBRA PzF stent. Arch Cardiovasc Dis 2017; 110:682-688. [PMID: 29102364 DOI: 10.1016/j.acvd.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COBRA PzF coronary stent, which has a unique nano-coating of Polyzene-F, was developed to reduce the risk of stent thrombosis. AIMS To report procedural and 1-year clinical outcomes following COBRA PzF coronary stent implantation in a real-world percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) registry. METHODS All patients assigned to treatment with the COBRA PzF in the GCS Axium Rambot Center, Aix-en-Provence, France between February 2013 to June 2014 were prospectively enrolled. RESULTS Among 100 patients (71% men, mean±standard error age 71.4±11.0 years), 38% had acute coronary syndromes. The population was consistent with real-world experience and included patients with multiple co-morbidities and 26% with diffuse multivessel disease. A total of 151 lesions were treated with 166 stents, including 26% of lesions with a type B2 or C classification. Pre- and post-procedural quantitative coronary angiography analyses showed a mean acute gain of 2.2±0.2mm. Angiographic success was achieved in all cases. One-year follow-up was available for all patients and the target vessel failure (composite of all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction or target vessel revascularization) rate was 12%, including 2% mortality (end-stage cardiomyopathy), 5% myocardial infarction (five periprocedural myocardial infarctions with isolated troponin elevation without chest pain or Q waves) and 5% target lesion revascularization. There were no cases of definite stent thrombosis. CONCLUSION The COBRA PzF stent was safe and effective in routine practice. One-year follow-up was associated with excellent clinical outcomes and compared favourably with current devices. These results are very promising in a real-world population of complex patients, and further study is warranted.
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Nijhoff F, Agostoni P, Belkacemi A, Nathoe HM, Voskuil M, Samim M, Doevendans PA, Stella PR. Primary percutaneous coronary intervention by drug-eluting balloon angioplasty: the nonrandomized fourth arm of the DEB-AMI (drug-eluting balloon in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction) trial. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2015; 86 Suppl 1:S34-44. [PMID: 26119971 DOI: 10.1002/ccd.26060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate a paclitaxel drug-eluting balloon (DEB) only strategy in primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI), aiming at a comparison with bare metal stent (BMS) alone, DEB followed by BMS, and paclitaxel eluting stent (PES), as assessed in the randomized Drug Eluting Balloon in Acute ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (DEB-AMI) trial. BACKGROUND DEB-only seems an attractive strategy in PPCI, as it obviates the risk of stent thrombosis. METHODS This study is a prospective registry with the same inclusion/exclusion criteria used in the DEB-AMI trial, as it constitutes the fourth, nonrandomized, treatment arm of this trial. Patients presenting with ST-elevation myocardial infarction were allocated to DEB-only (DIOR II, Eurocor GmbH, Bonn, Germany) after successful thrombus aspiration and predilatation. Primary endpoint was 6-month angiographic in-balloon/stent late-luminal loss (LLL). Secondary endpoints were in-balloon/stent binary restenosis and major adverse cardiac events (MACE: death, myocardial infarction, target-vessel revascularization). RESULTS Forty patients underwent PPCI by DEB-only. Procedural success was achieved in 97.5% with bail-out stenting required in 10.0% of procedures. In DEB-only, LLL was 0.51 ± 0.59 mm as compared to 0.74 ± 0.57 mm in BMS (P = 0.44), 0.64 ± 0.56 mm in DEB+BMS (P = 0.88) and 0.21 ± 0.32 mm in PES (P < 0.01); in-balloon/stent binary restenosis rates were 22.2%, 23.8% (P = 0.67), 28.6% (P = 0.97), and 4.5% (P = 0.07), respectively; and MACE rates were 17.5%, 23.5% (P = 0.20), 20.0% (P = 0.26), and 4.1% (P = 0.90), respectively. No acute or late thrombotic events occurred in the DEB-only group. CONCLUSIONS PPCI by DEB-only in selected patients yielded an angiographic outcome comparable to BMS alone and DEB followed by BMS. PES proved angiographic superiority to DEB-only. DEB-only is therefore a potential treatment alternative during PPCI in patients with contra-indications to drug-eluting stents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freek Nijhoff
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Hendrik M Nathoe
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel Voskuil
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mariam Samim
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter A Doevendans
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter R Stella
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery and Percutaneous Coronary Revascularization: Impact on Morbidity and Mortality in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease. Coron Artery Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4471-2828-1_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Sara JD, Eleid MF, Gulati R, Holmes DR. Sudden cardiac death from the perspective of coronary artery disease. Mayo Clin Proc 2014; 89:1685-98. [PMID: 25440727 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2014.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sudden cardiac death accounts for approximately 50% of all deaths attributed to cardiovascular disease in the United States. It is most commonly associated with coronary artery disease and can be its initial manifestation or may occur in the period after an acute myocardial infarction. Decreasing the rate of sudden cardiac death requires the identification and treatment of at-risk patients through evidence-based pharmacotherapy and interventional strategies aimed at primary and secondary prevention. For this review, we searched PubMed for potentially relevant articles published from January 1, 1970, through March 1, 2014, using the following key search terms: sudden cardiac death, ischemic heart disease, coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, and cardiac arrest. Searches were enhanced by scanning bibliographies of identified articles, and those deemed relevant were selected for full-text review. This review outlines various mechanisms for sudden cardiac death in the setting of coronary artery disease, describes risk factors for sudden cardiac death, explores the management of cardiac arrest, and outlines optimal practice for the monitoring and treatment of patients after an acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction to decrease the risk of sudden death.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mackram F Eleid
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Rajiv Gulati
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - David R Holmes
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
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Brodie BR, Pokharel Y, Garg A, Kissling G, Hansen C, Milks S, Cooper M, McAlhany C, Stuckey TD. Very late hazard with stenting versus balloon angioplasty for ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a 16-year single-center experience. J Interv Cardiol 2013; 27:21-8. [PMID: 24372979 DOI: 10.1111/joic.12082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study compares very late outcomes following primary percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) with stenting versus balloon angioplasty (BA). BACKGROUND Stenting compared with BA for STEMI improves outcomes at 6-12 months, but comparisons beyond 6-12 months have not been studied. Recent studies have shown that stent thrombosis (ST) continues to increase beyond 3-5 years and may be higher with drug-eluting stents (DES) than bare metal stents (BMS). We hypothesized that there may be a very late hazard with stenting versus BA due to very late ST. METHODS From 1994 to 2010 consecutive patients with STEMI treated with BA (n = 601) or stenting (n = 1,594) were prospectively enrolled in our registry and followed for 1-16 years. RESULTS Patients treated with BA were older, were more often female, had more three-vessel disease, and had smaller vessels. Stented patients had trends for less stent/lesion thrombosis (ST/LT) and target vessel (TV) reinfarction at 1 year. In landmark analyses >1 year, stented patients had more very late ST/LT (6.1% vs. 2.9%, P = 0.002) and more TV reinfarction (7.9% vs. 3.1%, P < 0.001) which remained significant after adjusting for baseline risk. The greatest differences in very late outcomes were between DES and BA, but there were also significant differences between BMS and BA. CONCLUSIONS There appears to be a very late hazard with stenting versus BA for STEMI. These data should encourage new strategies for prevention of very late ST with both BMS and DES including the development of bio-absorbable polymers and stent platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce R Brodie
- The LeBauer Cardiovascular Research Foundation, Greensboro, North Carolina
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O'Brien EC, Rose KM, Suchindran CM, Stürmer T, Chang PP, Chambless L, Guild CS, Rosamond WD. Medication, reperfusion therapy and survival in a community-based setting of hospitalised myocardial infarction. Heart 2013; 99:767-73. [PMID: 23456567 DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2012-303244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the survival benefit of multiple medical therapies in a large, community-based population of validated myocardial infarction (MI) events. DESIGN Retrospective observational cohort study. SETTING Population-based sample of 30 986 definite or probable MIs in residents of four US communities aged 35-74 years randomly sampled between 1987 and 2008 as part of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Surveillance Study. INTERVENTIONS None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES All-cause mortality 30, 90 and 365 days after discharge. RESULTS We used unadjusted and propensity score (PS) adjusted models to examine the relationship between medical therapy use and mortality. In unadjusted models, each medication and procedure was inversely associated with 30-day mortality. After PS adjustment, the crude survival benefits were attenuated for all therapies except for intravenous tissue plasminogen activator therapy (IV-tPA) and stent use. After inclusion of other therapies received during the event in regression models, risk ratio effect estimates (RR; (95% CI)) were attenuated for aspirin (0.66; (0.58 to 0.76) to 0.91 (0.80 to 1.03)), non-aspirin antiplatelets (0.74; (0.59 to 0.92) to 0.92 (0.72 to 1.18)), IV-tPA (0.50; (0.41 to 0.62) to 0.65 (0.52 to 0.80)) and stents (0.53 (0.40 to 0.69) to 0.68 (0.49 to 0.94)). Effect estimates remained stable for all other therapies and were similar for 90- and 365-day mortality endpoints. CONCLUSIONS We observed inverse associations between receipt of six medications and procedures for MI and all-cause mortality at 30, 90 and 365 days after adjustment for PS. The mortality benefits observed in this population-based setting are consistent with those reported in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C O'Brien
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, 2400 Pratt Street, Room 0311 Terrace Level, Durham, NC 27705, USA.
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Abstract
Stenting in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has the benefits of achieving acute optimal angiographic results and correcting residual dissection to decrease the incidence of restenosis and reocclusion. Studies have shown that percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty for primary treatment after AMI is superior to thrombolytic therapy regarding the restoration of normal coronary blood flow. Coronary stenting improves initial success rates, decreases the incidence of abrupt closure, and is associated with a reduced rate of restenosis. In the presence of thrombus-containing lesions, coronary stenting constitutes an effective therapeutic strategy, either after failure of initial angioplasty or electively as the primary procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Magdy
- Cardiology Department, National Heart Institute, 44 Alsharifa Dina, Maadi, Cairo 11431, Egypt.
| | - Hisham Selim
- Cardiology Department, National Heart Institute, 44 Alsharifa Dina, Maadi, Cairo 11431, Egypt
| | - Mona Youssef
- Cardiology Department, National Heart Institute, 44 Alsharifa Dina, Maadi, Cairo 11431, Egypt
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Mauri L, Normand SLT, Pencina M, Cutlip DE, Jeon C, Dreyer P, Kuntz RE, Baim DS, Jacobs AK. Rationale and design of the MASS COMM trial: A randomized trial to compare percutaneous coronary intervention between MASSachusetts hospitals with cardiac surgery on-site and COMMunity hospitals without cardiac surgery on-site. Am Heart J 2011; 162:826-31. [PMID: 22093197 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2011.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2011] [Accepted: 08/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emergency surgery has become an increasingly rare event after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). There have been no randomized trials evaluating whether cardiac surgery services on-site are essential for patient safety and optimal outcomes during and after PCI. STUDY DESIGN The MASS COMM trial (ClinicalTrials.gov no. NCT01116882) is a randomized trial comparing the safety and effectiveness of nonemergency PCI at hospitals without surgery on-site (SOS) (non-SOS hospitals) and hospitals with SOS (SOS hospitals). A total of 3,690 subjects will be randomized in a 3:1 fashion to undergo PCI at non-SOS and SOS hospitals, with follow-up at hospital discharge, 30 days, and 12 months after PCI. The rate of major adverse cardiac events (all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction, repeat revascularization, and stroke) will serve as the primary safety end point at 30 days and the primary effectiveness end point at 12 months. The design is a 1-way randomized trial with a statistical hypothesis of noninferiority of nonemergency PCI at non-SOS hospitals for both safety and effectiveness end points. CONCLUSIONS This multicenter, randomized trial will compare the relative safety and effectiveness of nonemergency PCI at sites with and without cardiac SOS.
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Rochon B, Chami Y, Sachdeva R, Bissett JK, Willis N, Uretsky BF. Manual aspiration thrombectomy in acute ST elevation myocardial infarction: New gold standard. World J Cardiol 2011; 3:43-7. [PMID: 21390195 PMCID: PMC3051147 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v3.i2.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2010] [Revised: 01/10/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is the preferred method to treat ST segment myocardial infarction (STEMI). The use of thrombus aspiration (TA) may be particularly helpful as part of the PCI process, insofar as the presence of thrombus is essentially a universal component of the STEMI process. This article reviews evidence favoring the routine use of TA, and the limitations of these data. Based on current evidence, we consider TA to be an important maneuver during STEMI PCI, even in the absence of visible angiographic thrombus, and recommend it whenever the presence of thrombus is likely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent Rochon
- Brent Rochon, Youssef Chami, Rajesh Sachdeva, Joe K Bissett, Nick Willis, Barry F Uretsky, Department of Medicine, Central Arkansas Veterans Health System, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, United States
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Cavity volume of ruptured plaque is an independent predictor for angiographic no-reflow phenomenon during primary angioplasty in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. J Cardiol 2010; 57:36-43. [PMID: 20884175 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2010.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2010] [Revised: 07/20/2010] [Accepted: 08/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plaque rupture plays a critical role for the development of acute myocardial infarction. However, whether quantitative parameters with regard to the cavity size of ruptured plaque are associated with no-reflow (NR) phenomenon following primary angioplasty remains to be elucidated. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 53 patients with de novo ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) who had plaque rupture at the culprit lesion defined by pre-intervention virtual histology intravascular ultrasound (VH-IVUS) were enrolled. Patients were divided into two groups according to the presence of NR phenomenon: NR group (n=19) and non-NR group (n = 34). By VH-IVUS, we evaluated cavity length, maximum area, and volume of ruptured plaque in culprit lesions. The cavity length, maximum area, and volume were significantly higher in the NR group than those of the non-NR group (4.8 ± 2.1 mm vs. 2.9 ± 4.8 mm, p < 0.001; 3.6 ± 1.4 mm² vs. 1.9 ± 0.5 mm², p < 0.001; 11.5 ± 6.3 mm³ vs. 3.7 ± 2.2 cm³, p < 0.001). A multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the cavity volume was an independent risk for NR phenomenon. Receiver-operating characteristic analysis revealed that the cavity volume could predict NR phenomenon. CONCLUSIONS The cavity size of ruptured plaque is closely associated with NR phenomenon in patients with STEMI. Evaluation of the cavity volume by VH-IVUS may provide useful information for the prediction of NR phenomenon.
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Drug-eluting stents in acute myocardial infarction: updated meta-analysis of randomized trials. Clin Res Cardiol 2010; 99:345-57. [DOI: 10.1007/s00392-010-0133-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2009] [Accepted: 02/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Beinart R, Abu Sham'a R, Segev A, Hod H, Guetta V, Shechter M, Boyko V, Behar S, Matetzky S. The incidence and clinical predictors of early stent thrombosis in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Am Heart J 2010; 159:118-24. [PMID: 20102877 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2009.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2009] [Accepted: 09/03/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is associated with activation of platelets and the coagulation system which could influence the incidence of early stent thrombosis (EST). We aimed to determine the incidence and predictors of EST in patients undergoing coronary stenting during ACS. METHODS The study comprised 1202 consecutive patients, drawn from a nationwide ACS survey, who underwent coronary stenting during ACS and were followed up for 30 days. Early stent thrombosis was based on the Academic Research Consortium definition. RESULTS Thirty patients (2.5%) sustained EST. The occurrence of EST in patients with unstable angina/non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction and ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) was 0.9% and 3.9%, respectively (P < .05), and was even higher (5.2%) in STEMI patients who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention. On multivariate analysis, STEMI (OR 6.3, 95% CI 2.1-18, P = .0008), multivessel disease (OR 5.9, 95% CI 1.9-21, P = .003) and Killip class >/=2 (OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.3-6.6, P = .008) were independent correlates of EST. The use of bare versus drug-eluting stents was not associated with any significant difference in EST. CONCLUSIONS Patients presenting with STEMI who are hemodynamically unstable and have multivessel coronary disease undergoing coronary stenting during ACS, are at increased risk of EST.
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Comparison of early and long-term results of percutaneous coronary interventions in patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction, complicated or not by cardiogenic shock. Coron Artery Dis 2010; 21:13-9. [DOI: 10.1097/mca.0b013e328333f56c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Relationship between plaque composition and no-reflow phenomenon following primary angioplasty in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction—Analysis with virtual histology intravascular ultrasound. J Cardiol 2009; 54:205-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2009.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2009] [Revised: 04/24/2009] [Accepted: 05/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Iijima R, Byrne RA, Dibra A, Ndrepepa G, Spaulding C, Laarman GJ, Menichelli M, Valgimigli M, Di Lorenzo E, Kaiser C, Tierala I, Mehilli J, Suttorp MJ, Violini R, Schömig A, Kastrati A. Drug-eluting stents versus bare-metal stents in diabetic patients with ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction: a pooled analysis of individual patient data from seven randomized trials. Rev Esp Cardiol 2009; 62:354-64. [PMID: 19401120 DOI: 10.1016/s1885-5857(09)71662-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES The performance of drug-eluting stents (DESs) in high-risk patients with diabetes and acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) who have undergone primary angioplasty has not been previously studied. The objective was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of DESs in diabetic patients with STEMI. METHODS We performed a pooled analysis of individual patient data from seven randomized trials that compared DESs (i.e., sirolimus- or paclitaxel-eluting stents) with bare-metal stents (BMSs) in patients with STEMI. The analysis involved 389 patients with diabetes mellitus from a total of 2476 patients. The outcomes of interest were target-lesion revascularization, stent thrombosis, death and the composite endpoint of death or recurrent myocardial infarction during a follow-up of 12-24 months. RESULTS Overall, 206 diabetic patients received a DES and 183, a BMS. The risk of target-lesion revascularization was significantly lower in patients treated with a DES compared to those treated with a BMS (hazard ratio [HR] 0.44, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.23-0.88; P=.02). There was no significant difference in the risk of stent thrombosis between those treated with a DES or a BMS (HR 0.33, 95% CI 0.09-1.13; P=.08). Similarly, the risk of the combined endpoint of death or myocardial infarction was not significantly different between patients treated with a DES or a BMS (HR 0.64, 95% CI 0.36-1.13; P=.12). CONCLUSIONS Compared with BMSs, DES use improved clinical outcomes in diabetic patients undergoing primary angioplasty for STEMI: the need for reintervention was reduced, with no increase in mortality or myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raisuke Iijima
- Deutsches Herzzentrum, Technische Universität, Lazarettstr 36, Múnich 80636, Alemania.
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Iijima R, Byrne RA, Dibra A, Ndrepepa G, Spaulding C, Laarman GJ, Menichelli M, Valgimigli M, Di Lorenzo E, Kaiser C, Tierala I, Mehilli J, Suttorp MJ, Violini R, Schömig A, Kastrati A. Stents liberadores de fármacos frente a stents convencionales en pacientes diabéticos con infarto agudo de miocardio con elevación del segmento ST: un análisis combinado de los datos de pacientes individuales de 7 ensayos aleatorizados. Rev Esp Cardiol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0300-8932(09)70892-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Patel MR, Pfisterer ME, Betriu A, Widmisky P, Holmes DR, O'Neill WW, Stebbins A, Van de Werf F, Armstrong PW, Granger CB. Comparison of six-month outcomes for primary percutaneous revascularization for acute myocardial infarction with drug-eluting versus bare metal stents (from the APEX-AMI study). Am J Cardiol 2009; 103:181-6. [PMID: 19121433 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2008.08.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2008] [Revised: 08/31/2008] [Accepted: 08/31/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the use and outcomes of drug-eluting stents (DESs) and bare metal stents (BMSs) in a large primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (MI) trial. Recently concerns have been raised with "off-label" use of DESs for short- and long-term clinical outcomes. Limited randomized data exist evaluating DESs versus BMSs in ST-elevation MI. Patients (n=5,745) in the Assessment of Pexelizumab in Acute Myocardial Infarction (APEX-AMI) trial were categorized by stent type used. Baseline variables and clinical outcomes were collected at 90 days and 6 months. Outcomes by stent type were adjusted for using conventional multivariable predictors of 90-day mortality (age, anterior location, total ST-segment deviation, and Killip class), time to PCI, and Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction grade flow. Stents were deployed (at the investigator's discretion) in 5,124 patients (89.2%) with acute MI, with DES use in 2,221 (43.3%) and BMS use in 2,903 (56.7%). Patients receiving DESs were younger (median 59 vs 63 years of age, p<0.001), had left anterior descending coronary artery PCI (57.9% vs 48.1%, p<0.001), and often were treated in the United States (58.2%). DES-treated patients had a lower adjusted mortality at 90 days (hazard ratio 0.73, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.54 to 0.99, p=0.046) and trended toward lower mortality (hazard ratio 0.77, 95% CI 0.58 to 1.03, p=0.084) and recurrent MI (hazard ratio 0.81, 95% CI 0.59 to 1.11, p=0.186) at 6 months compared with BMSs. In conclusion, in this observational analysis of stent use from a large primary percutaneous intervention for acute MI trial, DESs appear as safe as BMSs with similar 6-month clinical outcomes with regard to death and recurrent MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manesh R Patel
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
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Clinical Significance of Post-Procedural TIMI Flow in Patients With Cardiogenic Shock Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2009; 2:56-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2008.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2008] [Revised: 10/21/2008] [Accepted: 10/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Yeter E, Kurt M, Silay Y, Anderson HV, Denktas AE. Drug-eluting stents for acute myocardial infarction. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2008; 10:19-34. [DOI: 10.1517/14656560802627952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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GRINES CINDYL, NELSON TERESAR, SAFIAN ROBERTD, HANZEL GEORGE, GOLDSTEIN JAMESA, DIXON SIMON. A Bayesian Meta-Analysis Comparing AngioJet®Thrombectomy to Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Alone in Acute Myocardial Infarction. J Interv Cardiol 2008; 21:459-82. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-8183.2008.00416.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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SILVA-ORREGO PEDRO, BIGI RICCARDO, COLOMBO PAOLA, DE MARCO FEDERICO, OREGLIA JACOPOANDREA, KLUGMANN SILVIO, GREGORI DARIO. Direct Stenting after Thrombus Removal before Primary Angioplasty in Acute Myocardial Infarction. J Interv Cardiol 2008; 21:300-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-8183.2008.00371.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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De Luca G, Suryapranata H, Stone GW, Antoniucci D, Biondi-Zoccai G, Kastrati A, Chiariello M, Marino P. Coronary stenting versus balloon angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction: A meta-regression analysis of randomized trials. Int J Cardiol 2008; 126:37-44. [PMID: 17544528 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2007.03.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2006] [Revised: 02/21/2007] [Accepted: 03/28/2007] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although stenting has been shown to reduce the need for target vessel revascularization (TVR) in acute myocardial infarction (AMI), the benefits in terms of mortality and reinfarction are still unclear. Previous meta-analyses have failed to include all currently available randomized trials. The aim of the current study was to perform an updated meta-analysis to evaluate the benefits of coronary stenting for AMI in terms of mortality, reinfarction, and TVR, and whether these benefits correlated with the patient's risk profile. METHODS The literature was scanned by formal searches of electronic databases (MEDLINE and CENTRAL) from January 1990 to September 2006. We examined all completed, published, randomized trials of coronary stenting for AMI. The following key words were used for study selection: randomized trial, myocardial infarction, reperfusion, primary angioplasty, rescue angioplasty, stenting, and balloon angioplasty. Information on study design, type of stent, inclusion and exclusion criteria, primary endpoint, number of patients, angiographic and clinical outcome, were extracted by two investigators. Disagreements were resolved by consensus. RESULTS A total of 13 randomized trials were identified and analyzed involving 6922 patients (3460 or 50% randomized to stent and 3462 or 50% to balloon). Stenting was not associated with a significant reduction in 30-day (2.9% versus 3.0%, p=0.81) and 1-year mortality (5.1% versus 5.2%, p=0.81), as compared to balloon angioplasty. However, a significant relationship was observed between patient's risk profile and mortality benefits from coronary stenting at 30-day (beta -0.63 [-25.4; -2.45], p=0.022) and 1-year follow-up (beta -0.61 [-15.9; -0.76], p=0.034). Stenting was associated with benefits in terms of TVR at both 30-day (3.1% versus 5.1%, p<0.0001) and 6 to 12 months (11.3% versus 18.4%, p<0.0001) follow-up, without any difference in terms of reinfarction. CONCLUSIONS Among AMI patients undergoing primary angioplasty, coronary stent implantation, when anatomically and technically feasible, may be considered, in addition to benefits in terms of TVR, to reduce mortality in high-risk patients, who may be identified by the use of validated risk scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe De Luca
- Division of Cardiology, Maggiore della Carità Hospital, Eastern Piedmont University, C.So Mazzini, 18, 24100 Novara, Italy.
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Nakamura T, Kubo N, Ako J, Momomura SI. Angiographic No-Reflow Phenomenon and Plaque Characteristics by Virtual Histology Intravascular Ultrasound in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction. J Interv Cardiol 2007; 20:335-9. [PMID: 17880329 DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-8183.2007.00282.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the occurrence of the angiographic no-reflow phenomenon in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and the preintervention plaque composition as assessed by virtual histology intravascular ultrasound (VH-IVUS). BACKGROUND The angiographic no-reflow phenomenon is an adverse prognostic factor in patients with AMI. METHOD We enrolled consecutive 50 patients with ST-elevation AMI was treated by primary stent implantation. All culprit lesions were imaged by VH-IVUS before stent implantation. The angiographic no-reflow phenomenon was defined as a decrease in final TIMI flow grade compared with TIMI flow grade before stent implantation. RESULTS Eight of 50 patients developed angiographic no-reflow after stent implantation. Gray-scale intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) showed significantly larger external elastic membrane volume and plaque burden in the no-reflow group. VH-IVUS showed a trend toward larger percentage of fibro-fatty plaque volume in the no-reflow group than in the reflow group (23.1 +/- 3.5 vs. 17.0 +/- 1.1%, P = 0.05). The presence of "marble"-like image, mainly consisting of fibro-fatty and fibrous plaque (plaque volume of fibro-fatty + fibrous >80% and containing fibro-fatty plaque volume >10%) was associated with angiographic no-reflow (P = 0.02). Corrected TIMI frame counts of the cases with "marble"-like image were significantly larger than the cases without it (46.8 +/- 5.6 vs. 27.4 +/- 2.3, P = 0.01). CONCLUSION The culprit lesions with large plaque burden, or with "marble"-like image by VH-IVUS, are associated with the angiographic no-reflow phenomenon in patients with AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Nakamura
- Cardiovascular Division, Jichi Medical University, Omiya Medical Center, Saitama, Japan.
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Svilaas T, van der Horst ICC, Zijlstra F. A quantitative estimate of bare-metal stenting compared with balloon angioplasty in patients with acute myocardial infarction: angiographic measures in relation to clinical outcome. Heart 2007; 93:792-800. [PMID: 17569804 PMCID: PMC1994459 DOI: 10.1136/hrt.2006.093740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed a systematic review of all randomised controlled trials (RCTs) from the pre-drug-eluting-stent era comparing bare-metal stenting (BMS) with balloon angioplasty in patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI) to examine coronary angiographic parameters of infarct-related vessel patency and to relate the angiographic measures to clinical outcome. The search was restricted to published RCTs in humans. 10 RCTs, (6192 patients) were analysed. Compared with balloon angioplasty, BMS was associated with reduced rates of reocclusion (6.7% vs 10.1%, OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.40 to 0.96, p = 0.03) and restenosis (23.9% vs 39.3%, OR 0.45, 95% CI 0.34 to 0.59, p<0.001), but not with reduced rates of subacute thrombosis (1.7% in both groups). BMS showed a reduction in target vessel revascularisation (TVR; 12.2% vs 19.2%, OR 0.50, 95% CI 0.37 to 0.69, p<0.001), but not in mortality (5.3% vs 5.1%) or reinfarction (3.9% vs 4%). The findings of this study support BMS placement in acute MI. The discrepancy between angiographic and clinical parameters has important implications for future studies investigating further technical improvements in mechanical reperfusion therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tone Svilaas
- Thoraxcenter, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Barbagelata A, Perna ER, Clemmensen P, Uretsky BF, Canella JPC, Califf RM, Granger CB, Adams GL, Merla R, Birnbaum Y. Time to reperfusion in acute myocardial infarction. It is time to reduce it! J Electrocardiol 2007; 40:257-64. [PMID: 17478179 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2007.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2006] [Revised: 01/26/2007] [Accepted: 01/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Mortality from ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction remains high, with most deaths occurring before hospital admission. Despite effective pre- and in-hospital reperfusion strategies becoming standard over the past 2 decades, time-to-admission and time-to-treatment remain prolonged. We reviewed temporal trends in these times in published clinical trials. METHODS All major randomized clinical trials reporting on reperfusion strategies for acute myocardial infarction published between 1993 and 2003 were evaluated. Strategies included pre- and in-hospital thrombolysis, primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) with or without transfer, and "facilitated" PCI. We generated overall estimates of time-to-admission, time-to-treatment, door-to-balloon (DTB), and door-to-needle (DTN) times and evaluated temporal trends in the length of time-to-admission and time-to-treatment. RESULTS In studies that evaluated only in-hospital thrombolysis, the time-to-admission was 149 +/- 45 minutes; the mean time-to-treatment was 181 +/- 29 minutes. In studies that considered only in-hospital pPCI (without transfer), the mean time-to-admission was 153 +/- 41 minutes; the mean time-to-treatment was 234 +/- 43 minutes. In studies that compared in-hospital pPCI with in-hospital thrombolytic therapy, the mean time-to-admission was 155 +/- 47 and 150 +/- 48 minutes, respectively. The DTN time was 65 +/- 10 minutes, whereas DTB time was 81 +/- 39 minutes. In other trials evaluating in-hospital thrombolysis and pPCI with transfer to a referral center, the time-to-admission in subjects treated with thrombolysis (n = 1345) was 127 +/- 32 minutes vs 131 +/- 36 minutes for pPCI (n = 1528). For in-hospital thrombolysis, time-to-treatment was 151 +/- 23 minutes vs 203 +/- 15 minutes for pPCI patients with transfer. The DTN time in the thrombolysis group was 44 +/- 28 minutes as compared with DTB time of 78 +/- 38 minutes in the pPCI group. Throughout the last decade, time-to-admission decreased significantly (P = .02) but time-to-treatment remained unchanged (P = .38) for patients undergoing thrombolysis. In the pPCI arm, time-to-admission remained unchanged (P = .11) but a insignificant trend toward reduction was demonstrated in time-to-treatment (P = .11). CONCLUSION Time-to-admission and time-to-treatment for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction are still prolonged. Resources should be directed to early recognition of the acute myocardial infarction, improved utilization of emergency services for transportation, and prehospital diagnosis and triaging. Ambulances equipped with wireless capability to transmit electrocardiograms to the on-call cardiologist seem to be promising tools to achieve earlier diagnosis and triaging with high diagnostic sensitivity and specificity.
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Wilson JM, Ferguson JJ, Hall RJ. Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery and Percutaneous Coronary Revascularization: Impact on Morbidity and Mortality in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease. CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-84628-715-2_50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Holmes DR. Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Acute Myocardial Infarction. CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-84628-715-2_47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Sardella G, Mancone M, Nguyen BL, De Luca L, Di Roma A, Colantonio R, Petrolini A, Conti G, Fedele F. The effect of thrombectomy on myocardial blush in primary angioplasty: The randomized evaluation of thrombus aspiration by two thrombectomy devices in acute myocardial infarction (RETAMI) trial. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2007; 71:84-91. [DOI: 10.1002/ccd.21312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Kishi T, Yamada A, Okamatsu S, Sunagawa K. Percutaneous Coronary Arterial Thrombectomy for Acute Myocardial Infarction Reduces No-Reflow Phenomenon and Protects Against Left Ventricular Remodeling Related to the Proximal Left Anterior Descending and Right Coronary Artery. Int Heart J 2007; 48:287-302. [PMID: 17592194 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.48.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The no-reflow phenomenon during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) causes impaired myocardial reperfusion. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of thrombectomy on the prevention for no-reflow phenomenon and for LV remodeling. We performed a retrospective study comparing 116 patients treated for AMI with conventional angioplasty and 89 patients treated for AMI with the combination of angioplasty and thrombectomy. We performed manual aspirating thrombectomy using Thrombuster II. Baseline clinical and lesion characteristics were similar in the 2 groups. No-reflow phenomenon was significantly reduced in the thrombectomy group compared to the controls (8% versus 18%, P < 0.05). Maximum group mean CK was not significantly different between the two groups. During 6 months of follow-up, the mean LV ejection fractions of the 2 groups were not significantly different. However, in the cases involving the proximal left anterior descending (LAD) and right coronary arteries, changes in LV end-diastolic volume index (LVEDVI), LV end-systolic volume index, maximum CK and the incidence of LV remodeling, defined as an increase in LVEDVI of > 20%, were significantly lower in the thrombectomy group than in the control group. Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that thrombectomy with Thrombuster II significantly reduced the no-reflow phenomenon and LV remodeling. These results suggest that adjunctive pretreatment with a manual aspirating thrombectomy by Thrombuster II reduces the no-reflow phenomenon, and in cases involving the LAD and right coronary arteries, protects against LV remodeling in AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Kishi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Aso-Iizuka Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
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Oyabu J, Ueda Y, Ogasawara N, Okada K, Hirayama A, Kodama K. Angioscopic evaluation of neointima coverage: sirolimus drug-eluting stent versus bare metal stent. Am Heart J 2006; 152:1168-74. [PMID: 17161071 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2006.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2005] [Accepted: 07/19/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The process of neointima formation after bare metal stent (BMS) implantation has been previously elucidated by angioscopic observations; however, that after drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation has not been clarified. Therefore, we compared the angioscopic appearance of neointima over DESs with that over BMSs 6 months after implantation. METHODS AND RESULTS Patients who received an implantation of a BMS (n = 13) or a sirolimus DES (n = 24) were included in this study. Angiographic and angioscopic examinations were performed at 6 months. The color of the stented lesion (white or yellow), coverage of stent by neointima (not covered, covered by a thin layer, or buried under neointima), and thrombus at the stented lesion (presence or absence) were angioscopically evaluated. Of the 24 lesions in which a DES was implanted, 11 (46%) had a part where the stent strut had no coverage, 21 (88%) had a part where it was covered by a thin layer, and 11 (46%) had a part where it was buried under neointima. Of the 13 lesions in which a BMS was implanted, 1 (8%) lesion had a part where the stent strut had no coverage, 4 (31%) lesions had a part where it was covered by a thin layer, and 13 (100%) lesions had a part where it was buried under neointima. The prevalence of a stent buried under neointima (46% vs 100%, P = .001) was lower and that of thrombus (42% vs 8%, P = .03) was higher in DES-implanted lesions as compared with BMS-implanted lesions. The prevalence of thrombus (64% vs 17%, P = .005) was higher in the yellow area than in the white area when a DES was implanted. CONCLUSION Sirolimus DESs, as compared with BMSs, were poorly covered by neointima and were accompanied by thrombus especially when there was a yellow plaque under the stents. Thus, the thrombogenic potential in DES-implanted lesions may be sustained by the inhibition of neointima formation over thrombogenic plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jota Oyabu
- Cardiovascular Division, Osaka Police Hospital, Osaka 543-0035, Japan
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Spaulding C, Henry P, Teiger E, Beatt K, Bramucci E, Carrié D, Slama MS, Merkely B, Erglis A, Margheri M, Varenne O, Cebrian A, Stoll HP, Snead DB, Bode C. Sirolimus-eluting versus uncoated stents in acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 2006; 355:1093-104. [PMID: 16971716 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa062006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 465] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sirolimus-eluting stents reduce rates of restenosis and reintervention, as compared with uncoated stents. Data are limited regarding the safety and efficacy of such stents in primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for acute myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation. METHODS We performed a single-blind, multicenter, prospectively randomized trial to compare sirolimus-eluting stents with uncoated stents in primary PCI for acute myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation. The trial included 712 patients at 48 medical centers. The primary end point was target-vessel failure at 1 year after the procedure, defined as target-vessel-related death, recurrent myocardial infarction, or target-vessel revascularization. A follow-up angiographic substudy was performed at 8 months among 174 patients from selected centers. RESULTS The rate of the primary end point was significantly lower in the sirolimus-stent group than in the uncoated-stent group (7.3% vs. 14.3%, P=0.004). This reduction was driven by a decrease in the rate of target-vessel revascularization (5.6% and 13.4%, respectively; P<0.001). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the rate of death (2.3% and 2.2%, respectively; P=1.00), reinfarction (1.1% and 1.4%, respectively; P=1.00), or stent thrombosis (3.4% and 3.6%, respectively; P=1.00). The degree of neointimal proliferation, as assessed by the mean (+/-SD) in-stent late luminal loss, was significantly lower in the sirolimus-stent group (0.14+/-0.49 mm, vs. 0.83+/-0.52 mm in the uncoated stent group; P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Among selected patients with acute myocardial infarction, the use of sirolimus-eluting stents significantly reduced the rate of target-vessel revascularization at 1 year. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00232830 [ClinicalTrials.gov].).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Spaulding
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) Cochin Hospital, Paris 5 Medical School Rene Descartes University and INSERM U780, Paris, France.
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Völzke H, Henzler J, Menzel D, Robinson DM, Hoffmann W, Vogelgesang D, John U, Motz W, Rettig R. Outcome after coronary artery bypass graft surgery, coronary angioplasty and stenting. Int J Cardiol 2006; 116:46-52. [PMID: 16822561 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2006.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2005] [Revised: 01/24/2006] [Accepted: 02/24/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We undertook this prospective observational study to investigate the long-term prognosis after balloon angioplasty (PTCA), coronary stenting (CS) and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). METHODS AND RESULTS A total number of 1038 patients with PTCA (n=499), CS (n=294) or CABG (n=245) were followed-up over a mean time of 6.4+/-1.8 years. Forty-two patients (4.0%) were lost to follow-up, leaving a study population of 996 subjects who were available for analyses. The primary and secondary endpoints were mortality and major adverse cardiac events (MACE), respectively. Overall death rate was 19.3%. Age, pulse pressure, smoking, diabetes, serum LDL cholesterol levels and left ventricular ejection fraction rather than the intervention type independently predicted mortality. The incidence rate of MACE was 53.7%. Compared to PTCA patients, CS patients had lower (hazard ratio 0.693; 95% confidence interval 0.514-0.793) and CABG patients the lowest risk of MACE (hazard ratio 0.343; 95% confidence interval 0.261-0.450). Further risk factors for MACE were serum LDL cholesterol levels, three-vessel coronary artery disease and left ventricular ejection fraction of <30%. CONCLUSION Long-term mortality does not differ among patients who received percutaneous interventions or CABG. Major adverse cardiac events occur more often in patients with previous percutaneous interventions, whereby CS has advantage over PTCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Völzke
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, Ernst Moritz Arndt University, Walther Rathenau Str. 48, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany.
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Isaaz K, Robin C, Cerisier A, Lamaud M, Richard L, Da Costa A, Sabry MH, Gerenton C, Blanc JL. A new approach of primary angioplasty for ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction based on minimalist immediate mechanical intervention. Coron Artery Dis 2006; 17:261-9. [PMID: 16728877 DOI: 10.1097/00019501-200605000-00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES No reflow has been reported in 12-30% of the patients directly revascularized by angioplasty for acute ST elevation myocardial infarction with the highest incidence after primary stenting in patients with initial thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) grade 0 flow. We hypothesized that a minimalist immediate mechanical intervention (MIMI) based on the use of very small size balloons to avoid both large dissection and distal embolization may be sufficient to restore flow in emergency and that recanalization may be sustained by maximized antithrombotic regimen (abcximab, clopidogrel, aspirin and heparin) allowing one to postpone stenting in better conditions. METHODS MIMI was performed in 93 patients for ST elevation myocardial infarction with initial TIMI grade 0 flow. RESULTS MIMI resulted in a TIMI grade 3 flow in 77/93 patients (83%). Immediate stenting was performed in the 16 patients with failed MIMI and resulted in a TIMI grade 3 flow in nine (56%). The residual stenosis after MIMI was 81+/-11% and ST segment resolution (> or =50%) at 1 h after reperfusion was obtained in 84%. Stenting was performed the following days in 52 patients with a post-stenting TIMI grade 3 flow in 50 (96%; 100% when stenting done beyond 24 h). No reocclusion occurred between MIMI and stenting. Among the 25 patients without stenting, six had mild stenosis at control angiogram and underwent medical treatment whereas 19 had multiple vessel disease and underwent bypass surgery. CONCLUSIONS MIMI combined with maximized antithrombotic therapy results in immediate and sustained recanalization with a high rate of ST resolution in a majority of patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction. This approach allows one to postpone stenting in more stable conditions with a low rate of TIMI flow deterioration or to schedule more appropriate medical or surgical alternative management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Isaaz
- Division of Cardiology, University of Saint Etienne, Saint Etienne, France.
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Berger JS, Fridman V, Brown DL. Comparison of outcomes in acute myocardial infarction treated with coronary angioplasty alone versus coronary stent implantation. Am J Cardiol 2006; 97:977-80. [PMID: 16563899 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2005.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2005] [Revised: 10/31/2005] [Accepted: 10/31/2005] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Randomized trials have demonstrated the superiority of primary angioplasty with stent implantation over balloon angioplasty alone in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, it remains unknown whether the beneficial outcomes that are attained in clinical trials can be generalized to community-based practice. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all patients who underwent primary angioplasty for AMI in New York State in 1998 and 1999. In total, 6,010 consecutive patients who presented within 23 hours of an AMI were identified for this analysis. In-hospital mortality was the primary end point. Stents were placed in 5,225 patients (87%). Patients who received stents were younger (61 vs 62 years, p = 0.011) and less often women (29% vs 33%, p = 0.018). Patients who received stents were less likely to have a history of hypertension (56% vs 61%, p = 0.013), diabetes (17% vs 24%, p <0.001), a creatinine level > or = 2.5 mg/dl (0.8% vs 2.0%, p = 0.002), 3-vessel coronary disease (14% vs 19%, p <0.001), and left main disease (2.4% vs 4.6%, p <0.001). Stent use was associated with significant decreases in length of stay (5.9 vs 8.1 day, p <0.001), major adverse cardiovascular events (4.1% vs 12%, p <0.001), and in-hospital mortality (3.5% vs 9.3%, p <0.001). After multivariate logistic regression analysis to adjust for differences in baseline characteristics, stent use was associated with a 50% decrease in risk of in-hospital mortality (odds ratio 0.474, 95% confidence interval 0.311 to 0.723, p = 0.001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S Berger
- The Department of Medicine (Cardiovascular Medicine), State University of New York-Stony Brook School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York
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Smith SC, Feldman TE, Hirshfeld JW, Jacobs AK, Kern MJ, King SB, Morrison DA, O'Neill WW, Schaff HV, Whitlow PL, Williams DO, Antman EM, Smith SC, Adams CD, Anderson JL, Faxon DP, Fuster V, Halperin JL, Hiratzka LF, Hunt SA, Jacobs AK, Nishimura R, Ornato JP, Page RL, Riegel B. ACC/AHA/SCAI 2005 guideline update for percutaneous coronary intervention: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (ACC/AHA/SCAI Writing Committee to Update the 2001 Guidelines for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention). J Am Coll Cardiol 2006; 47:e1-121. [PMID: 16386656 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2005.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 309] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Dawkins KD, Gershlick T, de Belder M, Chauhan A, Venn G, Schofield P, Smith D, Watkins J, Gray HH. Percutaneous coronary intervention: recommendations for good practice and training. Heart 2006; 91 Suppl 6:vi1-27. [PMID: 16365340 PMCID: PMC1876395 DOI: 10.1136/hrt.2005.061457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiologists undertaking percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are excited by the combination of patient and physician satisfaction and technological advance occurring on the background of the necessary manual dexterity. Progress and applicability of percutaneous techniques since their inception in 1977 have been remarkable; a sound evidence base coupled with the enthusiasm and ingenuity of the medical device industry has resulted in a sea change in the treatment of coronary heart disease (CHD), which continues to evolve at breakneck speed. This is the third set of guidelines produced by the British Cardiovascular Intervention Society and the British Cardiac Society. Following the last set of guidelines published in 2000, we have seen PCI activity in the UK increase from 33,652 to 62,780 (87% in four years) such that the PCI to coronary artery bypass grafting ratio has increased to 2.5:1. The impact of drug eluting stents has been profound, and the Department of Health is investigating the feasibility of primary PCI for acute myocardial infarction. Nevertheless, the changes in the structure of National Health Service funding are likely to focus our attention on cost effective treatments and will require physician engagement and sensitive handling if we are to continue the rapid and appropriate growth in our chosen field. It is important with this burgeoning development now occurring on a broad front (in both regional centres and district general hospitals) that we maintain our vigilance on audit and outcome measures so that standards are maintained for both operators and institutions alike. This set of guidelines includes new sections on training, informed consent, and a core evidence base, which we hope you will find useful and informative.
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Affiliation(s)
- K D Dawkins
- British Cardiovascular Intervention Society, London, UK.
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Abstract
The ECG classification of acute myocardial infarctions has had a profound influence on the treatment of patients with AMI. Deciding whether a patient has ST-segment elevations or a new left bundle branch block or neither of these findings on ECG launches the treating physician down two different treatment pathways: patients with ST-elevation MI need to be assessed for immediate re-perfusion therapy, whereas patients with non-ST-elevation MI are best treated with aggressive medical management without acute reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris A Ghaemmaghami
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, 22908-0699, USA.
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Mehta RH, Harjai KJ, Cox DA, Stone GW, Brodie BR, Boura J, Grines L, O'Neill W, Grines CL. Comparison of coronary stenting versus conventional balloon angioplasty on five-year mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Am J Cardiol 2005; 96:901-6. [PMID: 16188513 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2005.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2005] [Revised: 05/26/2005] [Accepted: 05/26/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the influence of stenting versus balloon angioplasty on long-term outcomes (particularly mortality) after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We evaluated 2,087 patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction enrolled in various Primary Angioplasty in Myocardial Infarction (PAMI) trials in the United States, who underwent primary PCI. The main outcome was all-cause mortality at 5 years, obtained through the National Death Index. Of the 2,087 patients, stenting was performed in 692 (33%). The absolute difference in the hospital (2.2% vs 3.3%), 1-year (3.3% vs 5.2%), and 5-year (10% vs 13%) mortality rates favored patients receiving a stent versus conventional balloon therapy, with the difference increasing with time. A multivariate Cox model identified stent use (vs balloon alone) as an independent correlate of lower 5-year mortality (hazard ratio 0.60, 95% confidence interval 0.42 to 0.85). The absolute reduction in mortality was greatest in the highest risk group. In conclusion, compared with balloon angioplasty, stenting during primary PCI not only resulted in better angiographic and short-term outcomes, but also in a sustained beneficial effect on mortality at 5 years. These data support the routine use of coronary stenting in most patients undergoing primary PCI, when feasible.
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Bilge AK, Nisanci Y, Yilmaz E, Ozben B, Oncul A, Mercanoglu F, Meric M. Effects of Percutaneous Coronary Thrombectomywith the X-Sizer Catheter on Epicardial Flow and Microvascular Function in Acute Coronary Syndromes. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2005; 11:461-6. [PMID: 16244773 DOI: 10.1177/107602960501100414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
During percutaneous coronary intervention, slow coronary flow and distal embolization are still important problems, especially in cases with intracoronary thrombus. The aim of this study was to learn the effectiveness and early term results of thrombectomy with the X-SIZER catheter system in acute coronary syndrome. Twenty-nine patients (22 [76%] men; 55.9 ± 11.1 years) with acute coronary syndrome and intracoronary thrombus detected in coronary angiography were included into the study. X-sizer thrombectomy was applied to 14 of the patients, and conventional percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) was applied to the others. Baseline characteristics were similar in both groups. Mean thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) flow increased from 0.8 ± 0.9 to 2.4 ± 0.6 in X-sizer-treated patients (p<0.001) and TIMI 3 flow was maintained in 71.4% of the patients. Similary, mean TIMI flow increased from 0.36 ± 0.81 to 2.73 ± 0.47 in conventional PTCA-treated patients (p<0.001) and TIMI 3 flow was maintained in 73% of the patients (NS). Mean myocardial blush grade (MBG) increased from 0.7 ± 0.7 to 2.6 ± 0.6 in X-sizer-treated patients (p<0.001) and from 0.27 ± 0.65 to 2.36 ± 0.67 in the conventional PTCA-treated patients (p<0.001). Postprocedural MBG 3 was obtained in 64.3% of X-Sizer-treated patients and in 45% of controls. Although microvascular function in the thrombectomy-applied patients was found better, there was no significant difference between the two groups. Furthermore it was detected that the use of tirofiban yielded no additional improvement in epicardial and microvascular flow. In acute coronary syndromes, use of X-sizer in addition to primary percutaneous coronary interventions is a safe and relatively effective method in the prevention of distal embolization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Kaya Bilge
- University of Istanbul, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Süselbeck T, Türkoglu A, Lang S, Krause B, Kralev S, Haghi D, Poerner T, Kaden J, Borggrefe M, Haase KK. Direct versus conventional stent implantation in patients with acute coronary syndrome just before the era of drug-eluting stents. Int J Cardiol 2005; 105:85-9. [PMID: 16207550 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2005.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2004] [Revised: 12/15/2004] [Accepted: 01/09/2005] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Direct stent implantation in patients, who undergo elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) can be performed with a high success rate and clinical results that are comparable to those after predilatation. It was the aim of this prospective study to compare clinical, angiographic and procedural parameter of direct stent implantation (DS) and conventional stent implantation (CS) in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). PATIENTS AND METHODS We analysed 194 patients with ACS (ST-elevation myocardial infarction 66%, non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction 18%, unstable angina 16%), in whom primary PCI was performed between January and December 2002. In 156 (80%) patients glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors were administered during the procedure. In 73 patients (38%) direct stent implantation could be performed successfully. In 12 patients (6%) direct stent implantation failed due to the inability to pass the stenosis. In 121 patients (62%) the stent was implanted after predilatation. RESULTS The clinical parameters were comparable in both groups. Reference luminal diameter before stent implantation did not differ in both groups (DS 3.01+/-0.54 vs. CS 2.84+/-0.43 mm). The final minimal luminal diameter was significantly higher in the DS group (DS 2.95+/-0.45 vs. CS 2.77+/-0.47 mm, p=0.01). The procedural time (DS 41.0+/-14.1 vs. CS 46.8+/-16.9 min, p=0.02), radiation exposure time (DS 7.3+/-4.6 vs. CS 8.9+/-4.6 min, p=0.002) and the amount of contrast agent (DS 216+/-90 vs. CS 235+/-79 ml, p=0.03) could be decreased by the technique of direct stent implantation. The incidence of major adverse cardiac events (death, myocardial infarction, CABG) during hospitalization was 4.1% in the DS group and 11.5% in the CS group (p=0.11). CONCLUSIONS Direct stent implantation is safe and feasible in patients with acute coronary syndromes. The procedural time, radiation exposure time and the amount of contrast agent can be significantly decreased using the technique of direct stent implantation. The incidence of major adverse cardiac events was not significantly different in this subset of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Süselbeck
- Department of Medicine, University of Mannheim, Faculty of Heidelberg, Germany.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandeep Singh
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases and Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 SW First Street, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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De Luca G, Suryapranata H, Grimaldi R, Chiariello M. Coronary stenting and abciximab in primary angioplasty for ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction. QJM 2005; 98:633-41. [PMID: 16040669 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hci097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in anti-platelet therapy and improvement of stent deployment techniques have improved the safety and efficacy of stenting in the setting of ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). However, in randomized trials, routine coronary stenting does not reduce mortality and re-infarction, compared to balloon angioplasty. Further, the benefits in target vessel revascularization seem to be reduced when applied to unselected patients with STEMI. Direct stenting represents an attractive strategy with potential benefits in terms of myocardial perfusion. Future large randomized trials are needed to evaluate whether this strategy has a significant impact on outcome, and to provide a cost-benefit analysis of the unrestricted use of drug-eluting stents in this high-risk subset of patients. The additional use of abciximab reduces mortality in primary angioplasty. Since the feasibility of long-distance transportation has been shown in several randomized trials, early pharmacological pre-treatment may confer further advantages by early recanalization and shorter ischaemic time, particularly in high-risk patients. Further randomized trials are needed to clarify the potential benefits from early abciximab administration and the potential role of small molecules in primary angioplasty for STEMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- G De Luca
- Division of Cardiology, Isala Klinieken, De Weezenlanden Hospital, Groot Wezenland, 20, 8011 JW, Zwolle, The Netherlands
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Huber K, De Caterina R, Kristensen SD, Verheugt FWA, Montalescot G, Maestro LB, Van de Werf F. Pre-hospital reperfusion therapy: a strategy to improve therapeutic outcome in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J 2005; 26:2063-74. [PMID: 16055497 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehi413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kurt Huber
- 3rd Medical Department (Cardiology and Emergency Medicine), Wilhelminenhospital, Montleartstrasse 37, A-1160 Vienna, Austria.
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Mehta RH, Harjai KJ, Boura J, O'Neill W, Grines CL. Ischemia-driven target vessel revascularization after-primary percutaneous coronary intervention: patients at risk and their outcomes. J Interv Cardiol 2005; 18:149-54. [PMID: 15966917 DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-8183.2005.04071.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical and angiographic correlates of ischemia-driven target vessel revascularization (ITVR) in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) are currently less well known. Accordingly, we examined 2,981 patients enrolled in different Primary Angioplasty in Myocardial Infarction trials, who underwent primary PCI to evaluate risk factors and outcomes of individuals requiring subsequent ITVR. At 6 months, ITVR was required in 321 patients (11%). Compared to the cohort without ITVR, patients requiring ITVR were younger (P=0.036), females (P=0.018), and more likely to have systolic blood pressure >100 mmHg on presentation (P=0.022), family history of premature coronary artery disease (P=0.035), and postprocedure dissection (P=0.001). In contrast, Killip Class >I on presentation (P=0.05), left circumflex as infarct-related artery (P=0.022), and the use of ticlopidine (P=0.044) and stents (p=0.057) were less frequent among ITVR patients. Multivariate analysis identified younger age (for each 10-year decrease, odds ratio [OR], 1.18; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06-1.32), female gender (OR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.05-1.89), and final dissection (OR: 1.69, 95% CI: 1.23-2.33) as independent risk factors for ITVR. In-hospital reinfarction (P < 0.001) was increased and at 6 months remained higher in ITVR patients; in-hospital and 6-month mortality did not differ between the two groups. Our study identifies the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of patients requiring ITVR after primary PCI. Importantly, our data suggest that no increase in mortality occur, if ITVR is promptly performed to treat recurrent ischemia after primary PCI.
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Schofield PM. Acute myocardial infarction: the case for pre-hospital thrombolysis with or without percutaneous coronary intervention. Heart 2005; 91 Suppl 3:iii7-11. [PMID: 15919654 PMCID: PMC1876354 DOI: 10.1136/hrt.2004.058529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P M Schofield
- Papworth Hospital NHS Trust, Papworth Everard, Cambridge CB3 8RE, UK.
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Is routine stenting for acute myocardial infarction superior to balloon angioplasty? A randomised comparison in a large cohort of unselected patients. Heart 2005; 91:641-5. [PMID: 15831652 DOI: 10.1136/hrt.2004.056705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of routine stenting, compared with balloon angioplasty, in unselected patients presenting with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). DESIGN Randomised trial. SETTING Tertiary referral centre. PARTICIPANTS All patients presenting with STEMI randomly assigned to stenting or balloon angioplasty. No exclusion criteria were applied. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE The primary end point was combined death or reinfarction at one year's follow up. RESULTS 1683 consecutive patients with STEMI were randomly assigned before angiography to stenting (n = 849) or balloon angioplasty (n = 834). A total of 785 patients (92.5%) in the stent group and 763 patients (91.5%) in the balloon group actually underwent primary angioplasty. The groups were comparable in terms of postprocedural TIMI (thrombolysis in myocardial infarction) flow, myocardial blush grade, and distal embolisation. No difference was observed in clinical outcome at both intention to treat (14% v 12.5%, not significant) and actual treatment analyses (12.4% v 11.3%, not significant). CONCLUSIONS Compared with balloon angioplasty, routine stenting does not seem to reduce death and reinfarction in a large cohort of unselected patients with STEMI.
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García E. Intervencionismo en el contexto del infarto de miocardio. Conceptos actuales. Rev Esp Cardiol 2005. [DOI: 10.1157/13074847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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