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Metwally OH, Rahhal A, Elsherif RA, Elshoeibi AM, Elhadary M, Elshoeibi AM, Badr A, Elsayed B, Al-Rasheed M, Alshurafa A, Yassin MA. Management strategies and outcomes of thromboembolism prevention in atrial fibrillation co-existing with immune thrombocytopenia: A review of evidence. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY. HEART & VASCULATURE 2024; 54:101493. [PMID: 39263408 PMCID: PMC11387212 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2024.101493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
This review aimed to assess bleeding risks and explore management options in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), aiming to formulate an optimal therapeutic approach for improved patient prognosis. Employing MeSH terms, a comprehensive search strategy identified articles on bleeding risks and management guidelines in AF combined with ITP. Original research papers were included, while animal studies, reviews, and non-English articles were excluded. From four databases, 1891 articles were initially retrieved, resulting in 10 relevant full-text articles. Eight studies investigated the effectiveness of anticoagulants in managing concurrent AF and ITP, demonstrating reduced bleeding risk and promising outcomes. Two papers explored surgical interventions, particularly left atrial appendage closure, suggesting its safety for AF management in patients with primary hemostatic disorders, including thrombocytopenia. While the pathophysiological mechanisms of AF and ITP remain unclear, anticoagulation regimens exhibited promising reductions in bleeding risks. Larger studies are warranted to enhance understanding and investigate optimal treatments for AF and ITP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar H Metwally
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Alaa Rahhal
- Pharmacy Department, Heart Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha, Qatar
| | | | | | | | | | - Ahmed Badr
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Basel Elsayed
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mona Al-Rasheed
- Hematology Department, AL Adan Hospital, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Awni Alshurafa
- Hematology Section, Medical Oncology, National Center for Cancer Care and Research (NCCCR), Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohamed A Yassin
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Hematology Section, Medical Oncology, National Center for Cancer Care and Research (NCCCR), Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
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2
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Lucà F, Abrignani MG, Oliva F, Canale ML, Parrini I, Murrone A, Rao CM, Nesti M, Cornara S, Di Matteo I, Barisone M, Giubilato S, Ceravolo R, Pignalberi C, Geraci G, Riccio C, Gelsomino S, Colivicchi F, Grimaldi M, Gulizia MM. Multidisciplinary Approach in Atrial Fibrillation: As Good as Gold. J Clin Med 2024; 13:4621. [PMID: 39200763 PMCID: PMC11354619 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13164621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) represents the most common sustained arrhythmia necessitating dual focus: acute complication management and sustained longitudinal oversight to modulate disease progression and ensure comprehensive patient care over time. AF is a multifaceted disorder; due to such a great number of potential exacerbating conditions, a multidisciplinary team (MDT) should manage AF patients by cooperating with a cardiologist. Effective management of AF patients necessitates the implementation of a well-coordinated and tailored care pathway aimed at delivering optimized treatment through collaboration among various healthcare professionals. Management of AF should be carefully evaluated and mutually agreed upon in consultation with healthcare providers. It is crucial to recognize that treatment may evolve due to the emergence of new risk factors, symptoms, disease progression, and advancements in treatment modalities. In the context of multidisciplinary AF teams, a coordinated approach involves assembling a diverse team tailored to meet individual patients' unique needs based on local services' availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Lucà
- Cardiology Department, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano, GOM, AO Bianchi Melacrino Morelli, 89129 Reggio Calabria, Italy;
| | | | - Fabrizio Oliva
- Cardiology Unit, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, 20162 Milano, Italy; (F.O.); (I.D.M.)
| | - Maria Laura Canale
- Division of Cardiology, Azienda USL Toscana Nord-Ovest, Versilia Hospital, 55049 Lido di Camaiore, Italy;
| | - Iris Parrini
- Division of Cardiology, Mauriziano Hospital, 10128 Turin, Italy;
| | - Adriano Murrone
- Cardiology-ICU Department, Ospedali di Città di Castello e di Gubbio-Gualdo Tadino, AUSL Umbria 1, Via Guerriero Guerra, 06127 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Carmelo Massimiliano Rao
- Cardiology Department, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano, GOM, AO Bianchi Melacrino Morelli, 89129 Reggio Calabria, Italy;
| | - Martina Nesti
- Division of Cardiology Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Stefano Cornara
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Via P. Solaroli, 17, 28100 Novara, Italy;
| | - Irene Di Matteo
- Cardiology Unit, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, 20162 Milano, Italy; (F.O.); (I.D.M.)
| | - Michela Barisone
- Cardiology Department, Cannizzaro Hospital, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Simona Giubilato
- Arrhytmia Unit, Division of Cardiology, Ospedale San Paolo, Azienda Sanitaria Locale 2, 17100 Savona, Italy;
| | - Roberto Ceravolo
- Cardiology Unit, Giovanni Paolo II Hospital, 97100 Lamezia, Italy;
| | - Carlo Pignalberi
- Clinical and Rehabilitation Cardiology Department, San Filippo Neri Hospital, ASL Roma 1, 00135 Roma, Italy; (C.P.); (F.C.)
| | - Giovanna Geraci
- Cardiology Division, Sant’Antonio Abate, ASP Trapani, 91100 Erice, Italy;
| | - Carmine Riccio
- Cardiovascular Department, Sant’Anna e San Sebastiano Hospital, 81100 Caserta, Italy;
| | - Sandro Gelsomino
- Cardiothoracic Department, Maastricht University Hospital, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Furio Colivicchi
- Clinical and Rehabilitation Cardiology Department, San Filippo Neri Hospital, ASL Roma 1, 00135 Roma, Italy; (C.P.); (F.C.)
| | - Massimo Grimaldi
- Department of Cardiology, General Regional Hospital “F. Miulli”, 70021 Bari, Italy;
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Shurrab M, Austin PC, Jackevicius CA, Tu K, Qiu F, Haldenby O, Middleton A, Turakhia MP, Lopes RD, Boden WE, Castellucci LA, Heidenreich PA, Healey JS, Ko DT. Comparative effectiveness and safety of apixaban and rivaroxaban in older patients with atrial fibrillation: A population-based cohort study. Heart Rhythm 2024:S1547-5271(24)02686-9. [PMID: 38878942 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2024.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are no clinical trials with a head-to-head comparison between the 2 most commonly used oral anticoagulants (apixaban and rivaroxaban) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). The comparative efficacy and safety between these drugs remain unclear, especially in older patients who are at the highest risk for stroke and bleeding. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to compare the risk of major bleeding and thromboembolic events between apixaban and rivaroxaban in older patients with AF. METHODS We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study of all adult patients (66 years or older) with AF in Ontario, Canada, who were treated with apixaban or rivaroxaban between April 1, 2011, and March 31, 2020. The primary safety outcome was major bleeding, and the primary efficacy outcome was thromboembolic events. Secondary outcomes included any bleeding. Rates and hazard ratios (HRs) were adjusted for baseline comorbidities with inverse probability of treatment weighting. RESULTS This study included 42,617 patients with AF treated with apixaban and 30,725 patients treated with rivaroxaban. After inverse probability of treatment weighting using the propensity score, patients in the apixaban and rivaroxaban groups were well balanced for baseline values of demographic characteristics, comorbidities, and medications; both groups had a similar mean age of 77.4 years, and 49.9% were female. At 1 year, the apixaban group had a lower risk for both major bleeding with an absolute risk reduction at 1 year of 1.1% (2.1% vs 3.2%; HR 0.65; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.59-0.71]) and any bleeding (8.1% vs 10.9%; HR 0.73; 95% CI 0.69-0.77), with no difference in the risk for thromboembolic events (2.2% vs 2.2%; HR 1.02; 95% CI 0.92-1.13). CONCLUSION In patients with AF, 66 years or older, treatment with apixaban was associated with lower risk for major bleeding, with no difference in the risk for thromboembolic events compared with rivaroxaban.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Shurrab
- Cardiology Department, Health Sciences North, Northern Ontario School of Medicine University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada; Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; ICES, Toronto and North, Canada.
| | - Peter C Austin
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; ICES, Toronto and North, Canada
| | - Cynthia A Jackevicius
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; ICES, Toronto and North, Canada; Department of Pharmacy Practice and Administration, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California; Pharmacy Department, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
| | - Karen Tu
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; North York General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, and University Health Network-Toronto Western Hospital Family Health Team, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Allan Middleton
- Cardiology Department, Health Sciences North, Northern Ontario School of Medicine University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mintu P Turakhia
- Stanford Center for Digital Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | | | - William E Boden
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts; Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lana A Castellucci
- Department of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute at the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul A Heidenreich
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California
| | - Jeff S Healey
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dennis T Ko
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; ICES, Toronto and North, Canada; Division of Cardiology, Schulich Heart Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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4
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Lin Q, Dong X, Huang T, Zhou H. Developmental trajectory of care dependency in older stroke patients. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1374477. [PMID: 38836003 PMCID: PMC11148867 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1374477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Stroke is the leading cause of death in China. Older stroke survivors often have other chronic conditions, not only musculoskeletal deterioration due to age, but also changes in body image that can be brought on by stroke and other diseases, making them unable to take good care of themselves and dependent on others. The degree of dependency affects the rehabilitation progress of stroke survivors and shows dynamic changes that need to be recognized. Objectives This study investigates the trajectory of dependency changes in older stroke patients with comorbidities and analyze the influencing factors. Methods Grounded in the Chronic Illness Trajectory Framework (CITF), a longitudinal study was conducted from February 2023 to October 2023, tracking 312 older stroke patients with comorbidities admitted to two tertiary hospitals in Guangzhou. Care dependency levels were assessed using Care Dependency Scale on admission day 5 (T0), at discharge (T1), 1 month post-discharge (T2), and 3 months post-discharge (T3). Growth Mixture Model were utilized to identify trajectory categories, and both univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression methods were employed to explore factors associated with different developmental trajectories. Results A total of four developmental trajectories were fitted, C1 (high independence-slow increased group, 52.0%), C2 (moderate independence-rapid increased group, 13.0%), C3 (moderate independence-slow increased group, 25.0%), and C4 (low independence-increased and decreased group, 10.0%). Length of hospital stay, place of residence, level of social support, residual functional impairments, NIHSS score, and BI index independently influence the trajectory categories. Conclusion There is heterogeneity in care dependency among older stroke patients with comorbidities. Most patients gradually reduce their dependency and become more independent, but others remain dependent for an extended period of time. It is recommended to focus on patients who live in rural areas, have low social support, have high admission NIHSS scores and have residual functional impairment, and provide them with personalized continuity of care and rehabilitation services in order to reduce care dependency and the burden of care, and to improve patients' quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinger Lin
- Department of Nursing, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Nursing, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohang Dong
- Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianrong Huang
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongzhen Zhou
- Department of Nursing, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Nursing, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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5
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Dittrich A, Westman E, Shams S, Skillbäck T, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Zettergren A, Skoog I, Kern S. Proportion of Community-Dwelling Individuals Older Than 70 Years Eligible for Lecanemab Initiation: The Gothenburg H70 Birth Cohort Study. Neurology 2024; 102:e209402. [PMID: 38593394 PMCID: PMC11175644 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000209402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the prevalence of individuals with Alzheimer disease (AD) eligible for treatment with the recently FDA-approved lecanemab based on data from a population-based sample of 70-year-olds and extrapolate an estimation of individuals eligible in Europe and the United States. METHODS Participants from the Gothenburg H70 Birth Cohort Study with clinical data, CSF-amyloid beta 42, and brain MRI analysis were evaluated for eligibility to receive lecanemab treatment according to FDA-approved recommendations, noting factors requiring special consideration. Results were used to extrapolate the number of eligible individuals in Europe and the United States using public demographic data. RESULTS Thirty (10.3%) of 290 participants met the indication for treatment of whom 18 (6.2%) were eligible and did not present factors requiring special consideration. Our estimate that 6.2% of all 70-year-olds in the full cohort are eligible for treatment extrapolates to an approximation that around 5.9 million Europeans and 2.2 million US residents could be eligible. DISCUSSION Information on proportion of individuals eligible for AD treatment with lecanemab in the general public is limited. We provide information on 70-year-olds in Sweden and extrapolate these data to Europe and the United States. This study opens for larger studies on this proportion and implementation of lecanemab treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Dittrich
- From the Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit (A.D., T.S., A.Z., I.S., S.K.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg; Department of Psychiatry Cognition and Old Age Psychiatry (A.D., I.S., S.K.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal; Division of Clinical Geriatrics (E.W.), Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neuroimaging (E.W.), Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom; Care Sciences and Society (S.S.), Karolinska Institutet, and Department of Radiology; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (S.S.), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm Sweden; Department of Radiology (S.S.), Stanford University, CA; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (H.Z., K.B.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (H.Z., K.B.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal Sweden; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, London United Kingdom; Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (H.Z.), Hong Kong, China; Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (H.Z.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Paris Brain Institute (K.B.), ICM, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France; and Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center (K.B.), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, and Department of Neurology, Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, University of Science and Technology of China and First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Eric Westman
- From the Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit (A.D., T.S., A.Z., I.S., S.K.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg; Department of Psychiatry Cognition and Old Age Psychiatry (A.D., I.S., S.K.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal; Division of Clinical Geriatrics (E.W.), Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neuroimaging (E.W.), Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom; Care Sciences and Society (S.S.), Karolinska Institutet, and Department of Radiology; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (S.S.), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm Sweden; Department of Radiology (S.S.), Stanford University, CA; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (H.Z., K.B.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (H.Z., K.B.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal Sweden; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, London United Kingdom; Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (H.Z.), Hong Kong, China; Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (H.Z.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Paris Brain Institute (K.B.), ICM, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France; and Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center (K.B.), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, and Department of Neurology, Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, University of Science and Technology of China and First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Sara Shams
- From the Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit (A.D., T.S., A.Z., I.S., S.K.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg; Department of Psychiatry Cognition and Old Age Psychiatry (A.D., I.S., S.K.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal; Division of Clinical Geriatrics (E.W.), Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neuroimaging (E.W.), Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom; Care Sciences and Society (S.S.), Karolinska Institutet, and Department of Radiology; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (S.S.), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm Sweden; Department of Radiology (S.S.), Stanford University, CA; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (H.Z., K.B.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (H.Z., K.B.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal Sweden; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, London United Kingdom; Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (H.Z.), Hong Kong, China; Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (H.Z.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Paris Brain Institute (K.B.), ICM, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France; and Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center (K.B.), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, and Department of Neurology, Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, University of Science and Technology of China and First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Tobias Skillbäck
- From the Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit (A.D., T.S., A.Z., I.S., S.K.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg; Department of Psychiatry Cognition and Old Age Psychiatry (A.D., I.S., S.K.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal; Division of Clinical Geriatrics (E.W.), Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neuroimaging (E.W.), Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom; Care Sciences and Society (S.S.), Karolinska Institutet, and Department of Radiology; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (S.S.), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm Sweden; Department of Radiology (S.S.), Stanford University, CA; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (H.Z., K.B.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (H.Z., K.B.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal Sweden; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, London United Kingdom; Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (H.Z.), Hong Kong, China; Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (H.Z.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Paris Brain Institute (K.B.), ICM, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France; and Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center (K.B.), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, and Department of Neurology, Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, University of Science and Technology of China and First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- From the Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit (A.D., T.S., A.Z., I.S., S.K.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg; Department of Psychiatry Cognition and Old Age Psychiatry (A.D., I.S., S.K.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal; Division of Clinical Geriatrics (E.W.), Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neuroimaging (E.W.), Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom; Care Sciences and Society (S.S.), Karolinska Institutet, and Department of Radiology; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (S.S.), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm Sweden; Department of Radiology (S.S.), Stanford University, CA; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (H.Z., K.B.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (H.Z., K.B.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal Sweden; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, London United Kingdom; Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (H.Z.), Hong Kong, China; Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (H.Z.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Paris Brain Institute (K.B.), ICM, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France; and Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center (K.B.), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, and Department of Neurology, Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, University of Science and Technology of China and First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Kaj Blennow
- From the Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit (A.D., T.S., A.Z., I.S., S.K.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg; Department of Psychiatry Cognition and Old Age Psychiatry (A.D., I.S., S.K.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal; Division of Clinical Geriatrics (E.W.), Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neuroimaging (E.W.), Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom; Care Sciences and Society (S.S.), Karolinska Institutet, and Department of Radiology; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (S.S.), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm Sweden; Department of Radiology (S.S.), Stanford University, CA; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (H.Z., K.B.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (H.Z., K.B.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal Sweden; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, London United Kingdom; Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (H.Z.), Hong Kong, China; Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (H.Z.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Paris Brain Institute (K.B.), ICM, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France; and Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center (K.B.), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, and Department of Neurology, Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, University of Science and Technology of China and First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Anna Zettergren
- From the Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit (A.D., T.S., A.Z., I.S., S.K.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg; Department of Psychiatry Cognition and Old Age Psychiatry (A.D., I.S., S.K.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal; Division of Clinical Geriatrics (E.W.), Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neuroimaging (E.W.), Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom; Care Sciences and Society (S.S.), Karolinska Institutet, and Department of Radiology; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (S.S.), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm Sweden; Department of Radiology (S.S.), Stanford University, CA; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (H.Z., K.B.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (H.Z., K.B.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal Sweden; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, London United Kingdom; Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (H.Z.), Hong Kong, China; Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (H.Z.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Paris Brain Institute (K.B.), ICM, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France; and Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center (K.B.), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, and Department of Neurology, Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, University of Science and Technology of China and First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Ingmar Skoog
- From the Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit (A.D., T.S., A.Z., I.S., S.K.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg; Department of Psychiatry Cognition and Old Age Psychiatry (A.D., I.S., S.K.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal; Division of Clinical Geriatrics (E.W.), Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neuroimaging (E.W.), Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom; Care Sciences and Society (S.S.), Karolinska Institutet, and Department of Radiology; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (S.S.), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm Sweden; Department of Radiology (S.S.), Stanford University, CA; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (H.Z., K.B.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (H.Z., K.B.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal Sweden; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, London United Kingdom; Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (H.Z.), Hong Kong, China; Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (H.Z.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Paris Brain Institute (K.B.), ICM, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France; and Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center (K.B.), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, and Department of Neurology, Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, University of Science and Technology of China and First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Silke Kern
- From the Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit (A.D., T.S., A.Z., I.S., S.K.), Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg; Department of Psychiatry Cognition and Old Age Psychiatry (A.D., I.S., S.K.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal; Division of Clinical Geriatrics (E.W.), Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neuroimaging (E.W.), Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom; Care Sciences and Society (S.S.), Karolinska Institutet, and Department of Radiology; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (S.S.), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm Sweden; Department of Radiology (S.S.), Stanford University, CA; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry (H.Z., K.B.), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory (H.Z., K.B.), Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal Sweden; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL (H.Z.); Department of Neurodegenerative Disease (H.Z.), UCL Institute of Neurology, London United Kingdom; Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (H.Z.), Hong Kong, China; Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (H.Z.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Paris Brain Institute (K.B.), ICM, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France; and Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center (K.B.), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, and Department of Neurology, Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, University of Science and Technology of China and First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei, P.R. China
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Reynolds KR, Khosrow-Khavar F, Dave CV. Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Initiation of Direct Oral Anticoagulants Among Medicare Beneficiaries. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e249465. [PMID: 38709533 PMCID: PMC11074810 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.9465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance The influence of race and ethnicity on initiation of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) is relatively understudied in Medicare data. Objective To investigate disparities in the initiation of DOACs compared with warfarin by race, ethnicity, and social vulnerability. Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective cohort study used a 50% sample of Medicare fee-for-service data from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2019 (mean patient enrollment duration, 7.7 years). Analysis took place between January 2023 and February 2024. A cohort of older adults (aged ≥65 years) with atrial fibrillation who newly initiated warfarin or DOACs (dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban, and edoxaban) was identified. Exposure Patients were classified as non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, and Hispanic. Main Outcomes and Measures The likelihood of starting use of DOACs compared with warfarin was modeled, adjusting for race, ethnicity, age, sex, county-level social vulnerability, and other clinical factors. Results Among 950 698 anticoagulation initiations, consisting of 680 974 DOAC users and 269 724 warfarin users (mean [SD] age, 78.5 [7.6] years; 52.6% female), 5.2% were Black, 4.3% were Hispanic, and 86.7% were White. During the 10-year study period, DOAC use increased for all demographic groups. After adjustment, compared with White patients, Black patients were 23% less likely (adjusted odds ratio [AOR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.75-0.79) and Hispanic patients were 13% less likely (AOR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.85-0.89) to initiate DOAC use. Disparities in DOAC initiation were greatest among Black patients in the earlier years but attenuated during the study period. For instance, in 2010, the OR of Black patients initiating DOACs was 0.54 (95% CI, 0.50-0.57), attenuating linearly over time to 0.69 by 2013 (95% CI, 0.65-0.74) and 0.83 (95% CI, 0.78-0.89) by 2017. By 2019, these differences became nonsignificant (OR, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.99-1.18). Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study of Medicare patients with atrial fibrillation, Black and Hispanic patients were less likely to initiate DOACs for atrial fibrillation, although these differences diminished over time. Identifying the factors behind these early disparities is crucial for ensuring equitable access to novel therapies as they emerge for Black and Hispanic populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamika R. Reynolds
- Center for Pharmacoepidemiology and Treatment Science, Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Farzin Khosrow-Khavar
- Center for Pharmacoepidemiology and Treatment Science, Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, New Jersey
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick
| | - Chintan V. Dave
- Center for Pharmacoepidemiology and Treatment Science, Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Administration, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
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7
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Yuan N, Stein NR, Duffy G, Sandhu RK, Chugh SS, Chen PS, Rosenberg C, Albert CM, Cheng S, Siegel RJ, Ouyang D. Deep learning evaluation of echocardiograms to identify occult atrial fibrillation. NPJ Digit Med 2024; 7:96. [PMID: 38615104 PMCID: PMC11016113 DOI: 10.1038/s41746-024-01090-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) often escapes detection, given its frequent paroxysmal and asymptomatic presentation. Deep learning of transthoracic echocardiograms (TTEs), which have structural information, could help identify occult AF. We created a two-stage deep learning algorithm using a video-based convolutional neural network model that (1) distinguished whether TTEs were in sinus rhythm or AF and then (2) predicted which of the TTEs in sinus rhythm were in patients who had experienced AF within 90 days. Our model, trained on 111,319 TTE videos, distinguished TTEs in AF from those in sinus rhythm with high accuracy in a held-out test cohort (AUC 0.96 (0.95-0.96), AUPRC 0.91 (0.90-0.92)). Among TTEs in sinus rhythm, the model predicted the presence of concurrent paroxysmal AF (AUC 0.74 (0.71-0.77), AUPRC 0.19 (0.16-0.23)). Model discrimination remained similar in an external cohort of 10,203 TTEs (AUC of 0.69 (0.67-0.70), AUPRC 0.34 (0.31-0.36)). Performance held across patients who were women (AUC 0.76 (0.72-0.81)), older than 65 years (0.73 (0.69-0.76)), or had a CHA2DS2VASc ≥2 (0.73 (0.79-0.77)). The model performed better than using clinical risk factors (AUC 0.64 (0.62-0.67)), TTE measurements (0.64 (0.62-0.67)), left atrial size (0.63 (0.62-0.64)), or CHA2DS2VASc (0.61 (0.60-0.62)). An ensemble model in a cohort subset combining the TTE model with an electrocardiogram (ECGs) deep learning model performed better than using the ECG model alone (AUC 0.81 vs. 0.79, p = 0.01). Deep learning using TTEs can predict patients with active or occult AF and could be used for opportunistic AF screening that could lead to earlier treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neal Yuan
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA; Division of Cardiology, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Nathan R Stein
- Cedars-Sinai Smidt Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Grant Duffy
- Cedars-Sinai Smidt Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Sumeet S Chugh
- Cedars-Sinai Smidt Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Susan Cheng
- Cedars-Sinai Smidt Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - David Ouyang
- Cedars-Sinai Smidt Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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8
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Paula SB, Oliveira A, Melo E Silva J, Simões AF, Gonçalves-Pereira J. Atrial Fibrillation in Critically Ill Patients: Incidence and Outcomes. Cureus 2024; 16:e55150. [PMID: 38558719 PMCID: PMC10980169 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation (AF), either chronic or new onset, is common in critically ill patients. Its epidemiology and relationship with clinical outcomes are poorly known. OBJECTIVE To understand the burden of AF in patients admitted to the ICU and its impact on patients' outcomes. METHODS This is a single-center, retrospective cohort study evaluating all patients with AF admitted to a non-cardiac intensive care unit over the course of 54 months. Clinical outcomes were evaluated in the short (hospital discharge) and long term (two-year follow-up). The hazard ratio (HR) with 95% CI was computed for the whole population as well as for propensity score-matched patients, with or without AF. RESULTS A total of 1357 patients were screened (59.1% male), with a mean age of 75 ± 15.2 years, length of intensive care unit stay of 4.7 ± 5.1 days, and hospital mortality of 26%. A diagnosis of AF was found in 215 patients (15.8%), 142 of whom had chronic AF. The hospital all-cause mortality was similar in patients with chronic or new-onset AF (31% vs. 28.8%, p = 0.779). Patients with AF had higher in-hospital, one-year, and two-year crude mortality (30.2% vs. 22.9%, p = 0.024; 47.9% vs. 35.3%, p = 0.001; 52.6% vs. 38.4%, p < 0.001). However, after propensity score matching (N = 213), this difference was no longer significant for in-hospital mortality (OR: 1.17; 95% CI: 0.77-1.79), one-year mortality (OR: 1.38; 95% CI: 0.94-2.03), or two-year mortality (OR: 1.30; 95% CI: 0.89-1.90). CONCLUSIONS In ICU patients, the prevalence of AF, either chronic or new-onset, was 15.8%, and these patients had higher crude mortality. However, after adjustment for age and severity on admission, no significant differences were found in the short- and long-term mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia B Paula
- Cardiology Department, Barreiro Montijo Hospital Center, Barreiro, PRT
| | - André Oliveira
- Intensive Care Department, Hospital Vila Franca de Xira, Vila Franca de Xira, PRT
| | - João Melo E Silva
- Intensive Care Department, Hospital Vila Franca de Xira, Vila Franca de Xira, PRT
| | - André F Simões
- Intensive Care Department, Hospital Vila Franca de Xira, Vila Franca de Xira, PRT
| | - João Gonçalves-Pereira
- Intensive Care Department, Hospital Vila Franca de Xira, Vila Franca de Xira, PRT
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, PRT
- Infection and Sepsis Group, Grupo de Investigação e Desenvolvimento em Infeção e Sépsis, Oporto, PRT
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9
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Liaw J, Liaw D, Dave C. Initiation patterns of anticoagulants for atrial fibrillation among older UK adults with and without chronic kidney disease, 2010-2020. Open Heart 2024; 11:e002515. [PMID: 38302138 PMCID: PMC10831461 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2023-002515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a paucity of data on the initiation patterns of anticoagulants among older atrial fibrillation patients with and without chronic kidney disease (CKD). SETTING AND METHODS We used the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (2010-2020) to conduct a retrospective cohort study to evaluate anticoagulant initiation patterns for older adults (≥65 years) with CKD (N=18 421) and without CKD (N=41 901), categorised by severity of CKD: stages 3a, 3b and 4, and initiation dose by respective direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC). RESULTS Over the study period, warfarin initiations sharply declined and were replaced by DOACs regardless of CKD status or stage. By 2020, patients with CKD were modestly more likely (8.8% difference) to initiate apixaban compared with those without CKD (58.8% vs 50.0%; p<0.01). Among patients with CKD, those with stages 3a and 3b CKD had higher apixaban initiations compared with stage 4 CKD (56.9% and 64.6% vs 52.9%, respectively; p<0.01). Conversely, patients with stage 4 CKD were over three times more likely to initiate warfarin (14.7%) compared with those with stage 3a (2.6%) and 3b (4.0%) CKD (p<0.01). Throughout the study period, there was a rise in the proportion of patients initiating the higher 10 mg daily dose for apixaban, with an increase of 20.6% (from 64.3% in 2013 to 84.9% in 2020; p value for trend <0.01) among patients without CKD, and 21.8% (53.1% to 74.9%; p<0.01), 24.4% (18.8% to 43.2%; p<0.01) and 18.5% (0.0% to 18.2%; p<0.01) among patients with stages 3a, 3b and 4 CKD, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Initiation of DOACs increased regardless of CKD status and stage, although with a reduced magnitude in severe CKD. Apixaban emerged as the preferred agent, with a secular trend towards the higher initiation dose in all subgroups. These findings illuminate evolving trends and priorities in anticoagulant preferences among patients with and without CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Liaw
- Centers for Pharmacoepidemiology and Treatment Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
- Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Deborah Liaw
- University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Chintan Dave
- Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Administration, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
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10
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Elshafei MN, Salem M, El-Bardissy A, Abdelmoneim MS, Khalil A, Elhadad S, Al Mistarihi M, Danjuma M. Comparative Effectiveness and Safety of Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Low Body Weight Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2024:10.1007/s10557-023-07537-x. [PMID: 38165553 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-023-07537-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) agents are established as the anticoagulation strategy of choice for a variety of clinical risks. Despite this, uncertainty still exists with regard to their efficacy and safety for the prevention of stroke and systemic embolism in some patient populations; most notably those with low body weight (LBW) (<60 kg or body mass index [BMI] <18 kg/m2). Currently, there is a paucity of trial and non-trial data to support a prescriptive recommendation for their use in these patient cohorts. We have carried out a pooled systematic review of the most up to date published data of patients stabilized on various DOAC analogs with the view to ascertaining the exact matrices of their efficacy and safety in these cohorts of patients. METHODS We initially carried out a comprehensive search of databases from inception to June 2023 for eligible studies exploring the efficacy and safety of various analogs of direct oral anticoagulants in patients with atrial fibrillation who had low body weight. Databases accessed include PubMed, EMBASE, the Science Citation Index, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and the Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effectiveness. We carried out a weighted comparison of derived pooled odd ratios (with their corresponding confidence intervals) of mortality outcomes between various DOACs using the random effects model. RESULTS Thirteen studies (n = 165,205 patients) were included in our meta-analysis. DOAC analogs were associated with increased stroke-related events, composite outcome, and mortality in low body weight patients compared to non-low body weight patients (odds ratio [OR] 1.50, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.17-1.92), (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.29-1.86), (OR 2.92, 95% CI 1.87-4.58), respectively. There was no significant difference in the safety outcome (major bleeding events) between the DOAC analogs (OR 1.19, 95% CI 0.93-1.52). DISCUSSION In this meta-analytical review comprising both real-world and randomized controlled studies, the use of DOAC analogs in low body weight patients (body weight of <60 kg or BMI<18 kg/m2) with atrial fibrillation was associated with increased risks of stroke-related events, composite outcomes, and mortality compared to non-low body weight cohorts patients. At the same time, there was no significant difference in terms of major bleeding events. This finding has provided the first resolution of pervading uncertainty surrounding the use of DOAC analogs in these patient cohorts and suggests the need for follow-up confirmatory systematic studies in this group of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muhammad Salem
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ahmed El-Bardissy
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Ahmed Khalil
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | | | - Mohammed Danjuma
- Internal Medicine Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
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11
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Alrabadi N, Al-Nusair M, El-Zubi FK, Tashtoush M, Alzoubi O, Khamis S, Masadeh MM, Alzoubi KH, Al-Hiari M, Hammoudeh A. Evaluation of Clinical, Echocardiographic, and Therapeutic Characteristics, and Prognostic Outcomes of Coexisting Heart Failure among Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: The Jordan Atrial Fibrillation (JoFib) Study. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2024; 22:58-66. [PMID: 38038004 DOI: 10.2174/0115701611260211231115094716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most commonly encountered cardiac arrhythmia in clinical practice. Heart failure (HF) can occur concurrently with AF. AIM We compared different demographic, clinical, and echocardiographic characteristics between patients with AF+HF and patients with AF only. Furthermore, we explored whether concurrent HF independently predicts several outcomes (all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, ischemic stroke/systemic embolism (IS/SE), major bleeding, and clinically relevant non-major bleeding (CRNMB)). MATERIALS AND METHODS Comparisons between the AF+HF and the AF-only group were carried out. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were constructed for each outcome to assess whether HF was predictive of any of them while controlling for possible confounding factors. RESULTS A total of 2020 patients were included in this study: 481 had AF+HF; 1539 had AF only. AF+HF patients were older, more commonly males, and had a higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, coronary artery disease, and chronic kidney disease (p≤0.05). Furthermore, AF+HF patients more commonly had pulmonary hypertension and low ejection fraction (p≤0.001). Finally, HF was independently predictive of all-cause mortality (adjusted HR 2.17, 95% CI (1.66-2.85) and cardiovascular mortality (adjusted HR 2.37, 95% CI (1.68-3.36). CONCLUSION Coexisting AF+HF was associated with a more labile and higher-risk population among Jordanian patients. Furthermore, coexisting HF independently predicted higher all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality. Efforts should be made to efficiently identify such cases early and treat them aggressively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasr Alrabadi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Mohammed Al-Nusair
- Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Farah K El-Zubi
- Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mais Tashtoush
- Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Osama Alzoubi
- Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Sa'ed Khamis
- Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Majd M Masadeh
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Karem H Alzoubi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mohammed Al-Hiari
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia, USA
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Mapelli M, Mattavelli I, Salvioni E, Capra N, Bonomi A, Cattadori G, Pezzuto B, Campodonico J, Piotti A, Nava A, Piepoli M, Magrì D, Paolillo S, Corrà U, Raimondo R, Lagioia R, Vignati C, Badagliacca R, Perrone Filardi P, Senni M, Correale M, Cicoira M, Metra M, Guazzi M, Limongelli G, Parati G, De Martino F, Bandera F, Bussotti M, Re F, Lombardi CM, Scardovi AB, Sciomer S, Passantino A, Emdin M, Santolamazza C, Perna E, Passino C, Sinagra G, Agostoni P. Exploring the Prognostic Performance of MECKI Score in Heart Failure Patients with Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation Treated with Edoxaban. J Clin Med 2023; 13:94. [PMID: 38202101 PMCID: PMC10780296 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13010094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Risk stratification in heart failure (HF) is essential for clinical and therapeutic management. The Metabolic Exercise test data combined with Cardiac and Kidney Indexes (MECKI) score is a validated prognostic model for assessing cardiovascular risk in HF patients with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). From the validation of the score, the prevalence of HF patients treated with direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), such as edoxaban, for non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) has been increasing in recent years. This study aims to evaluate the reliability of the MECKI score in HFrEF patients treated with edoxaban for NVAF. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study included consecutive outpatients with HF and NVAF treated with edoxaban (n = 83) who underwent a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET). They were matched by propensity score with a retrospective group of HFrEF patients with NVAF treated with vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) from the MECKI score registry (n = 844). The study endpoint was the risk of cardiovascular mortality, urgent heart transplantation, or Left Ventricle Assist Device (LVAD) implantation. RESULTS Edoxaban patients were treated with a more optimized HF therapy and had different clinical characteristics, with a similar MECKI score. After propensity score, 77 patients treated with edoxaban were successfully matched with the MECKI-VKA control cohort. In both groups, MECKI accurately predicted the composite endpoint with similar area under the curves (AUC = 0.757 vs. 0.829 in the MECKI-VKA vs. edoxaban-treated group, respectively, p = 0.452). The two populations' survival appeared non-significantly different at the 2-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS this study confirms the prognostic accuracy of the MECKI score in HFrEF patients with NVAF treated with edoxaban, showing improved predictive power compared to VKA-treated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Mapelli
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (I.M.); (E.S.); (N.C.); (A.B.); (B.P.); (J.C.); (A.P.); (C.V.); (P.A.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Irene Mattavelli
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (I.M.); (E.S.); (N.C.); (A.B.); (B.P.); (J.C.); (A.P.); (C.V.); (P.A.)
| | - Elisabetta Salvioni
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (I.M.); (E.S.); (N.C.); (A.B.); (B.P.); (J.C.); (A.P.); (C.V.); (P.A.)
| | - Nicolò Capra
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (I.M.); (E.S.); (N.C.); (A.B.); (B.P.); (J.C.); (A.P.); (C.V.); (P.A.)
| | - Alice Bonomi
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (I.M.); (E.S.); (N.C.); (A.B.); (B.P.); (J.C.); (A.P.); (C.V.); (P.A.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Gaia Cattadori
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Unità Operativa Cardiologia Riabilitativa, IRCCS Multimedica, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Beatrice Pezzuto
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (I.M.); (E.S.); (N.C.); (A.B.); (B.P.); (J.C.); (A.P.); (C.V.); (P.A.)
| | - Jeness Campodonico
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (I.M.); (E.S.); (N.C.); (A.B.); (B.P.); (J.C.); (A.P.); (C.V.); (P.A.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Arianna Piotti
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (I.M.); (E.S.); (N.C.); (A.B.); (B.P.); (J.C.); (A.P.); (C.V.); (P.A.)
| | | | - Massimo Piepoli
- Clinical Cardiology, IRCCS, Policlinico San Donato, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Italy;
- Department Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Damiano Magrì
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Sant’Andrea, “Sapienza” Università degli Studi di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Stefania Paolillo
- IRCCS SDN, Istituto di Ricerca, 80143 Napoli, Italy;
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, “Federico II” University, 80138 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Ugo Corrà
- Cardiology Department, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Veruno Institute, 28010 Veruno, Italy;
| | - Rosa Raimondo
- Divisione di Cardiologia Riabilitativa, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, 21049 Tradate, Italy;
| | - Rocco Lagioia
- UOC Cardiologia di Riabilitativa, Mater Dei Hospital, 70125 Bari, Italy;
| | - Carlo Vignati
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (I.M.); (E.S.); (N.C.); (A.B.); (B.P.); (J.C.); (A.P.); (C.V.); (P.A.)
| | - Roberto Badagliacca
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche, Internistiche, Anestesiologiche e Cardiovascolari, “Sapienza”, Rome University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (R.B.); (S.S.)
| | | | - Michele Senni
- Cardiology Unit, Cardiovascular Department, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, 24127 Bergamo, Italy;
| | - Michele Correale
- Department of Cardiology, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
| | | | - Marco Metra
- Institute of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialities, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy; (M.M.); (C.M.L.)
| | - Marco Guazzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Ospedale San Paolo, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Limongelli
- Cardiologia SUN, Ospedale Monaldi (Azienda dei Colli), Seconda Università di Napoli, 80138 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Gianfranco Parati
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy;
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Fabiana De Martino
- Unità Funzionale di Cardiologia, Casa di Cura Tortorella, 84124 Salerno, Italy;
| | - Francesco Bandera
- Department Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
- Cardiology University Department, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, 20097 Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Bussotti
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Scientific Institute of Milan, 20138 Milan, Italy;
| | - Federica Re
- Cardiology Division, Cardiac Arrhythmia Center and Cardiomyopathies Unit, San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, 00152 Rome, Italy;
| | - Carlo M. Lombardi
- Institute of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialities, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy; (M.M.); (C.M.L.)
| | | | - Susanna Sciomer
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche, Internistiche, Anestesiologiche e Cardiovascolari, “Sapienza”, Rome University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (R.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Andrea Passantino
- Division of Cardiology, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Institute of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Michele Emdin
- Health Science Interdisciplinary Center, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (M.E.); (C.P.)
- Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Caterina Santolamazza
- Dipartimento Cardio-Toraco-Vascolare, Ospedale Cà Granda-A.O. Niguarda, 20162 Milan, Italy; (C.S.); (E.P.)
| | - Enrico Perna
- Dipartimento Cardio-Toraco-Vascolare, Ospedale Cà Granda-A.O. Niguarda, 20162 Milan, Italy; (C.S.); (E.P.)
| | - Claudio Passino
- Health Science Interdisciplinary Center, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (M.E.); (C.P.)
| | - Gianfranco Sinagra
- Cardiovascular Department, “Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano-Isontina”, 34100 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Piergiuseppe Agostoni
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (I.M.); (E.S.); (N.C.); (A.B.); (B.P.); (J.C.); (A.P.); (C.V.); (P.A.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
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13
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Laenens D, Stassen J, Galloo X, Ewe SH, Singh GK, Ammanullah MR, Hirasawa K, Sia CH, Butcher SC, Chew NWS, Kong WKF, Poh KK, Ding ZP, Ajmone Marsan N, Bax JJ. The impact of atrial fibrillation on prognosis in aortic stenosis. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL. QUALITY OF CARE & CLINICAL OUTCOMES 2023; 9:778-784. [PMID: 36669758 PMCID: PMC10745267 DOI: 10.1093/ehjqcco/qcad004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation (AF) and aortic stenosis (AS) are both highly prevalent and often coexist. Various studies have focused on the prognostic value of AF in patients with AS, but rarely considered left ventricular (LV) diastolic function as a prognostic factor. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the prognostic impact of AF in patients with AS while correcting for LV diastolic function. METHODS Patients with first diagnosis of significant AS were selected and stratified according to history of AF. The endpoint was all-cause mortality. RESULTS In total, 2849 patients with significant AS (mean age 72 ± 12 years, 54.8% men) were evaluated, and 686 (24.1%) had a history of AF. During a median follow-up of 60 (30-97) months, 1182 (41.5%) patients died. Ten-year mortality rate in patients with AF was 46.8% compared to 36.8% in patients with sinus rhythm (SR) (log-rank P < 0.001). On univariable (HR: 1.42; 95% CI: 1.25-1.62; P < 0.001) and multivariable Cox regression analysis (HR: 1.19; 95% CI: 1.02-1.38; P = 0.026), AF was independently associated with mortality. However, when correcting for indexed left atrial volume, E/e' or both, AF was no longer independently associated with all-cause mortality. CONCLUSION Patients with significant AS and AF have a reduced survival as compared to patients with SR. Nonetheless, when correcting for markers of LV diastolic function, AF was not independently associated with outcomes in patients with significant AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorien Laenens
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Stassen
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Xavier Galloo
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - See Hooi Ewe
- Department of Cardiology, National Heart Center Singapore, 5 Hospital Drive, Singapore 169609, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gurpreet K Singh
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mohammed R Ammanullah
- Department of Cardiology, National Heart Center Singapore, 5 Hospital Drive, Singapore 169609, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kensuke Hirasawa
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ching-Hui Sia
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Center Singapore, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Steele C Butcher
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Perth Hospital, 197 Wellington St, Perth, WA 6000, Australia
| | - Nicholas W S Chew
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Center Singapore, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - William K F Kong
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Center Singapore, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Kian Keong Poh
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Center Singapore, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Zee P Ding
- Department of Cardiology, National Heart Center Singapore, 5 Hospital Drive, Singapore 169609, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nina Ajmone Marsan
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen J Bax
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Turku Heart Center, University of Turku and Turku Unviersity Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20521 Turku, Finland
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14
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Hengstenberg C, Van Mieghem NM, Wang R, Ye X, Shi L, Guo S, Chen C, Jin J, Ye X, Dangas G, Unverdorben M. Treatment Satisfaction and Convenience for Patients With Atrial Fibrillation on Edoxaban or Vitamin K Antagonists After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: A Post Hoc Analysis from the ENVISAGE-TAVI AF Trial. Am J Cardiol 2023; 209:212-219. [PMID: 37848174 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2023.09.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
ENVISAGE-TAVI AF (Edoxaban versus Standard of Care and Their Effects on Clinical Outcomes in Patients Having Undergone Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation-Atrial Fibrillation; NCT02943785) was a prospective, randomized, open-label trial comparing non-vitamin K oral anticoagulant (NOAC) edoxaban with vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) in patients with atrial fibrillation after successful transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). The effect of edoxaban- or VKA-based therapy on patient-reported outcomes remains unknown, as most studies focus on efficacy and safety. Pre-TAVR patient-reported expectations and post-TAVR Treatment Satisfaction and Convenience with edoxaban or VKA treatment (at months 3 and 12) were analyzed using the Perception of Anticoagulation Treatment Questionnaire (PACT-Q). This analysis included randomized and dosed patients with an evaluable PACT-Q1 assessment at baseline and ≥1 postbaseline assessment (PACT-Q2). Subanalyses included patients stratified by pre-TAVR anticoagulant (NOAC, VKA, no NOAC/VKA). Edoxaban- (n = 585) and VKA-treated (n = 522) patients had similar baseline characteristics and treatment expectations. Pre-TAVR anticoagulant use did not affect treatment expectations. After TAVR, edoxaban-treated patients had significantly higher Treatment Satisfaction and Convenience scores compared with VKA-treated patients at all time points (p <0.001 for all). Among edoxaban-treated patients, those who received VKAs pre-TAVR were significantly more satisfied with treatment than those who received NOACs (p <0.001) or no NOACs/VKAs (p = 0.003); however, there was no significant difference in the perception of convenience (p = 0.927 and p = 0.092, respectively). Conversely, among VKA-treated patients, the type of anticoagulant used pre-TAVR did not affect Treatment Satisfaction or Convenience scores post-TAVR. In conclusion, patients with atrial fibrillation who received edoxaban post-TAVR reported significantly higher Treatment Satisfaction and Convenience scores compared with those who received VKAs, resulting in a clinically meaningful difference between treatment groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hengstenberg
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Vienna General Hospital, Medical University, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Nicolas M Van Mieghem
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Thoraxcenter, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rosa Wang
- Daiichi Sankyo, Inc., Basking Ridge, New Jersey
| | - Xiaomei Ye
- Clinical Outcomes Analytics, Evidera PPD, LLC, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ling Shi
- Clinical Outcomes Analytics, Evidera PPD, LLC, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Shien Guo
- Clinical Outcomes Analytics, Evidera PPD, LLC, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Cathy Chen
- Daiichi Sankyo, Inc., Basking Ridge, New Jersey
| | - James Jin
- Daiichi Sankyo, Inc., Basking Ridge, New Jersey
| | - Xin Ye
- Daiichi Sankyo, Inc., Basking Ridge, New Jersey
| | - George Dangas
- Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York; School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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15
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Takahashi M, Arai T, Kimura T, Hojo R, Hiraoka M, Fukamizu S. Relationship between coronary blood flow and improvement of cardiac function after catheter ablation for persistent atrial fibrillation. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 2023; 66:2063-2070. [PMID: 37043092 DOI: 10.1007/s10840-023-01542-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between coronary blood flow during atrial fibrillation (AF) and improvement of cardiac function after catheter ablation (CA) for persistent AF (PeAF) is not prominent; this study was conducted to evaluate this relationship. METHODS This was a retrospective case-control study. Eighty-five patients with PeAF (resting heart rate < 100 bpm) and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) < 40%) who had undergone coronary angiography within 1 week before CA were included. All patients could maintain a sinus rhythm for > 6 months after CA. The primary outcome was improvement of cardiac function with an LVEF cutoff value of > 50% during sinus rhythm 6 months after CA. RESULTS In the LVEF improvement group (N = 57), patients were younger, with a higher baseline diastolic blood pressure and lower baseline brain natriuretic peptide level than the no LVEF improvement group (N = 28). Heart rate at baseline and 6 months after CA and AF duration did not differ between the two groups. Thrombolysis in myocardial infarction frame count parameters was significantly higher in the LVEF improvement (P < 0.001) than in the no LVEF improvement group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed mean thrombolysis in myocardial infarction frame count as an independent factor for LVEF improvement (odds ratio, 1.72 (95% confidence interval 1.17-2.54); P = 0.006). CONCLUSION Coronary blood flow in patients with PeAF is strongly associated with improved left ventricular systolic function after the restoration of sinus rhythm by CA for PeAF and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masao Takahashi
- Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Hiroo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Tomoyuki Arai
- Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Hiroo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Kimura
- Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Hiroo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rintaro Hojo
- Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Hiroo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Seiji Fukamizu
- Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Hiroo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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16
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Asmar S, Weinberg M, Bjorklund J, Sakr F, Salak J, Rabah H, Khan D, Spagnola J. The Impact of Age on the Epidemiology and Cost of Atrial Fibrillation Hospitalizations. Am J Cardiol 2023; 205:126-133. [PMID: 37598597 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2023.06.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia and increases with age. This rising prevalence of AF is contributing to an increasing public health and economic burden. The 2018 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project National Inpatient Sample dataset was used. All patients ≥15 years with a principal discharge diagnosis of AF were included. The patient population was divided into an "older" cohort (aged ≥65 years) and a "younger" (aged <65 years). Desired outcomes included hospital length of stay, discharge disposition, hospital charges, and in-hospital mortality. A generalized linear mixed model was used to calculate hospitalization rates for the "younger" and "older" groups. We identified 896,328 AF hospitalizations. Younger patients (18.1%) were more likely to be male (65.5% vs 49.9%), to smoke (21.6% vs 6.1%), and to use alcohol (9.7% vs 2.1%). Older patients were more likely to have heart failure (49.6% vs 43.9%) and hypertension (84.6% vs 76.1%). Hospitalization rates increased with increasing age groups. Older patients had higher in-hospital mortality (4.6% vs 2.9%) and were more likely to be discharged to another facility (31.6% vs 13.2%). AF hospitalization rates vary between hospitals across the United States. Hospital divisions with greater than expected admissions for AF, when compared with the national mean, were driven by higher "older" patient hospitalizations. In conclusion, older patients account for most AF hospitalizations. Older patients have higher AF morbidity and mortality. Hospitalization rates for AF increase with increasing increments of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samer Asmar
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Staten Island University Hospital, Staten Island, New York
| | - Mitchell Weinberg
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Staten Island University Hospital, Staten Island, New York
| | - Jessica Bjorklund
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Staten Island University Hospital, Staten Island, New York
| | - Fouad Sakr
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Staten Island University Hospital, Staten Island, New York
| | - Jordyn Salak
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Staten Island University Hospital, Staten Island, New York
| | - Hussein Rabah
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Staten Island University Hospital, Staten Island, New York
| | - Danyal Khan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Staten Island University Hospital, Staten Island, New York
| | - Jonathan Spagnola
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Staten Island University Hospital, Staten Island, New York.
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17
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Atzemian N, Dovrolis N, Ragia G, Portokallidou K, Kolios G, Manolopoulos VG. Beyond the Rhythm: In Silico Identification of Key Genes and Therapeutic Targets in Atrial Fibrillation. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2632. [PMID: 37893006 PMCID: PMC10604372 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a prevalent cardiac arrhythmia worldwide and is characterized by a high risk of thromboembolism, ischemic stroke, and fatality. The precise molecular mechanisms of AF pathogenesis remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to use bioinformatics tools to identify novel key genes in AF, provide deeper insights into the molecular pathogenesis of AF, and uncover potential therapeutic targets. Four publicly available raw RNA-Seq datasets obtained through the ENA Browser, as well as proteomic analysis results, both derived from atrial tissues, were used in this analysis. Differential gene expression analysis was performed and cross-validated with proteomics results to identify common genes/proteins between them. A functional enrichment pathway analysis was performed. Cross-validation analysis revealed five differentially expressed genes, namely FGL2, IGFBP5, NNMT, PLA2G2A, and TNC, in patients with AF compared with those with sinus rhythm (SR). These genes play crucial roles in various cardiovascular functions and may be part of the molecular signature of AF. Furthermore, functional enrichment analysis revealed several pathways related to the extracellular matrix, inflammation, and structural remodeling. This study highlighted five key genes that constitute promising candidates for further experimental exploration as biomarkers as well as therapeutic targets for AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Atzemian
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (N.A.); (G.R.); (K.P.); (G.K.)
- Individualised Medicine & Pharmacological Research Solutions Center (IMPReS), 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Nikolas Dovrolis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (N.A.); (G.R.); (K.P.); (G.K.)
- Individualised Medicine & Pharmacological Research Solutions Center (IMPReS), 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Georgia Ragia
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (N.A.); (G.R.); (K.P.); (G.K.)
- Individualised Medicine & Pharmacological Research Solutions Center (IMPReS), 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Konstantina Portokallidou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (N.A.); (G.R.); (K.P.); (G.K.)
- Individualised Medicine & Pharmacological Research Solutions Center (IMPReS), 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - George Kolios
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (N.A.); (G.R.); (K.P.); (G.K.)
- Individualised Medicine & Pharmacological Research Solutions Center (IMPReS), 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Vangelis G. Manolopoulos
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (N.A.); (G.R.); (K.P.); (G.K.)
- Individualised Medicine & Pharmacological Research Solutions Center (IMPReS), 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Academic General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
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18
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Ferreira M, Laranjo S, Cunha P, Geraldes V, Oliveira M, Rocha I. Orthostatic Stress and Baroreflex Sensitivity: A Window into Autonomic Dysfunction in Lone Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5857. [PMID: 37762798 PMCID: PMC10532155 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12185857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The abnormal neural control of atria has been considered one of the mechanisms of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) pathogenesis. The baroreceptor reflex has an important role in cardiovascular regulation and may serve as an index of autonomic function. This study aimed to analyze the baroreceptor reflex's role in heart rate regulation during upright tilt (HUT) in patients with lone PAF. The study included 68 patients with lone PAF and 34 healthy individuals who underwent baroreflex assessment. Parameters such as baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), number of systolic blood pressure (BP) ramps, and the baroreflex effectiveness index (BEI) were evaluated. The study found that PAF patients had comparable resting BPs and heart rates (HRs) to healthy individuals. However, unlike healthy individuals, PAF patients showed a sustained increase in BP with an upright posture followed by the delayed activation of the baroreceptor function with a blunted HR response and lower BEI values. This indicates a pronounced baroreflex impairment in PAF patients, even at rest. Our data suggest that together with BRS, BEI could be used as a marker of autonomic dysfunction in PAF patients, making it important to further investigate its relationship with AF recurrence after ablation and its involvement in cardiovascular autonomic remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Ferreira
- Faculdade de Medicina and Centro Cardiovascular da Universidade de Lisboa—CCUL, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal; (M.F.); (V.G.)
| | - Sérgio Laranjo
- Arrhythmology, Pacing and Electrophysiology Unit, Serviço de Cardiologia, Hospital de Santa Marta, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central—CHULC, 1150-199 Lisbon, Portugal; (S.L.); (P.C.); (M.O.)
- CHRC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro Cunha
- Arrhythmology, Pacing and Electrophysiology Unit, Serviço de Cardiologia, Hospital de Santa Marta, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central—CHULC, 1150-199 Lisbon, Portugal; (S.L.); (P.C.); (M.O.)
| | - Vera Geraldes
- Faculdade de Medicina and Centro Cardiovascular da Universidade de Lisboa—CCUL, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal; (M.F.); (V.G.)
| | - Mário Oliveira
- Arrhythmology, Pacing and Electrophysiology Unit, Serviço de Cardiologia, Hospital de Santa Marta, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central—CHULC, 1150-199 Lisbon, Portugal; (S.L.); (P.C.); (M.O.)
| | - Isabel Rocha
- Faculdade de Medicina and Centro Cardiovascular da Universidade de Lisboa—CCUL, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal; (M.F.); (V.G.)
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19
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Kubala M, Bohbot Y, Rusinaru D, Maréchaux S, Diouf M, Tribouilloy C. Atrial fibrillation in severe aortic stenosis: Prognostic value and results of aortic valve replacement. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2023; 166:771-779. [PMID: 34937660 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2021.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although atrial fibrillation (AF) is common, its impact on long-term mortality has not been reliably determined in patients with aortic stenosis (AS). We aimed to assess whether AF is associated with survival in patients with severe AS and to determine the impact of AF on the results of aortic valve replacement (AVR). METHODS The study included 1838 consecutive patients with severe AS (77 ± 11 years, male 47%). Upon AS diagnosis, patients were screened for AF using a 12-lead electrocardiogram. The treatment strategy (conservative management or AVR) was selected by the heart team in accordance with current guidelines. The effect of AVR on survival was analyzed as a time-dependent covariate using the entire follow-up period. RESULTS AF, diagnosed in 593 (32%) patients was associated with poor survival at 5 years (55 ± 2% vs 74 ± 1% for patients in sinus rhythm, P < .001), even after adjustment for established outcome predictors (hazard ratio [HR], 1.56; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.33-1.84; P < .001). In patients with AF, AVR was associated with lower mortality (HR, 0.16; 95% CI, 0.12-0.22; P < .001) even in those with no or minimal symptoms (HR, 0.12; 95% CI, 0.08-0.20; P < .001). However, among patients who underwent AVR, those in AF had an excess mortality (HR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.22-2.08; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS In severe AS, AF is a strong predictor of mortality even in asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic patients. After AVR, AF remains associated with poorer survival than sinus rhythm. In patients in AF, AVR is associated with lower mortality compared with conservative treatment. Further studies are needed to confirm the benefits of AVR in asymptomatic patients in AF with severe AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Kubala
- Department of Cardiology, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France; UR UPJV 7517, Jules Verne University of Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - Yohann Bohbot
- Department of Cardiology, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France; UR UPJV 7517, Jules Verne University of Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - Dan Rusinaru
- Department of Cardiology, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France; UR UPJV 7517, Jules Verne University of Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - Sylvestre Maréchaux
- UR UPJV 7517, Jules Verne University of Picardie, Amiens, France; Groupement des Hôpitaux de l'Institut Catholique de Lille/Faculté Libre de Médecine, Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - Momar Diouf
- Department of Clinical Research, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France
| | - Christophe Tribouilloy
- Department of Cardiology, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France; UR UPJV 7517, Jules Verne University of Picardie, Amiens, France.
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Reyes JL, Norby FL, Ji Y, Wang W, Parikh R, Zhang MJ, Oldenburg NC, Lutsey PL, Jack CR, Johansen M, Gottesman RF, Coresh J, Mosley T, Soliman EZ, Alonso A, Chen LY. Association of abnormal p-wave parameters with brain MRI morphology: The atherosclerosis risk in communities neurocognitive study (ARIC-NCS). Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2023; 46:951-959. [PMID: 36924350 PMCID: PMC10440299 DOI: 10.1111/pace.14687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent evidence indicates that abnormal P-wave parameters (PWPs)-ECG markers of atrial myopathy-are associated with incident dementia, independent of atrial fibrillation (AF) and clinical ischemic stroke. However, the mechanisms remain unclear and may include subclinical vascular brain injury. Hence, we evaluated the association of abnormal PWPs with brain MRI correlates of vascular brain injury in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Neurocognitive Study (ARIC-NCS). METHODS ARIC-NCS participants who underwent 3T brain MRI scans in 2011-2013 were included. PWPs were measured from standard 12-lead ECGs. Brain MRI outcomes included cortical infarcts, lacunar infarcts, cerebral microhemorrhages, brain volumes, and white matter disease (WMD) volume. We used weighted multivariable logistic and linear regression to evaluate the associations of abnormal PWPs with brain MRI outcomes. RESULTS Among 1715 participants (mean age, 76.1 years; 61% women; 29% Black), 797 (46%) had ≥1 abnormal PWP. After multivariable adjustment, including adjusting for prevalent AF, abnormal P-wave terminal force in lead V1 (aPTFV1) and prolonged P-wave duration (PPWD) were associated with increased odds of both cortical (OR 1.41; 95% CI, 1.14 to 1.74 and OR 1.30; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.63, respectively) and lacunar infarcts (OR 1.36; 95% CI, 1.15 to 1.63 and OR 1.37; 95% CI, 1.15 to 1.65, respectively). Advanced interatrial block (aIAB) was associated with higher odds of subcortical microhemorrhage (OR 2.04; 95% CI, 1.36 to 3.06). Other than a significant association between aPTFV1 with lower parietal lobe volume, there were no other significant associations with brain or WMD volume. CONCLUSION In this exploratory analysis of a US community-based cohort, ECG surrogates of atrial myopathy are associated with a higher prevalence of brain infarcts and microhemorrhage, suggesting subclinical vascular brain injury as a possible mechanism underlying the association of atrial myopathy with dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge L. Reyes
- Lillehei Heart Institute and Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Faye L. Norby
- Center for Cardiac Arrest Prevention, Department of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Smidt Heart Institute, Los Angeles, California
| | - Yuekai Ji
- Lillehei Heart Institute and Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Wendy Wang
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Romil Parikh
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Michael J. Zhang
- Lillehei Heart Institute and Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Niki C. Oldenburg
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Pamela L. Lutsey
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | | | - Michelle Johansen
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Rebecca F. Gottesman
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Josef Coresh
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Thomas Mosley
- The Memory Impairment and Neurodegenerative Dementia Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Elsayed Z. Soliman
- Department of Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Alvaro Alonso
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Lin Yee Chen
- Lillehei Heart Institute and Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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Nakajima E, ShweikiAlrefaee B, Austin PC, Ko DT, Abdel-Qadir H. Validation of the Use of Discharge Diagnostic Codes for the Verification of Secondary Atrial Fibrillation in Administrative Databases. CJC Open 2023; 5:597-602. [PMID: 37720182 PMCID: PMC10502436 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjco.2023.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background "Secondary" atrial fibrillation (AF) denotes AF that is precipitated by short-term triggers and that may be reversible. Using administrative data to study secondary AF is of interest, but the ability of these data to verify secondary AF has not been studied. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 1000 randomly selected hospitalizations of patients discharged alive between January 1, 2016 and March 31, 2020, with AF coded as the most responsible diagnosis (type 1), post-admit comorbidity (type 2), or secondary diagnosis (type 3). We compared diagnosis types to AF category (secondary or not) as determined by a physician blinded to the discharge diagnosis type. We calculated the positive predictive value (PPV) of the designation of secondary AF in comparison to physician determination. Results A total of 421 hospitalizations had AF documented as a type 2 diagnosis; this had a PPV of 94.8% for physician determination of secondary AF. After excluding hospitalizations with preexisting AF, and those for which AF type could not be determined by the physician, the PPV of a type 2 diagnosis (n = 391) for secondary AF was 99.7%. Type 3 diagnoses of AF (n = 222) mostly captured hospitalizations with preexisting AF (87.8% of type 3 diagnoses). Conclusions A type 2 diagnosis can be used to verify secondary AF in people who were first diagnosed with AF while hospitalized for other causes. This verification facilitates cohort studies and clinical trial recruitment of people with this AF subtype, although it should not be used to determine the prevalence or incidence of secondary AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Nakajima
- Department of Medicine, Women’s College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Peter C. Austin
- Department of Medicine, ICES (formerly known as the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dennis T. Ko
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, ICES (formerly known as the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Schulich Heart Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Husam Abdel-Qadir
- Department of Medicine, Women’s College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, ICES (formerly known as the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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22
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Zagoridis K, Koutalas E, Intzes S, Symeonidou M, Zagoridou N, Karagogos K, Spanoudakis E, Kanoupakis E, Kochiadakis G, Dinov B, Dagres N, Hindricks G, Bollmann A, Nedios S. P-wave duration and interatrial block as predictors of new-onset atrial fibrillation: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Hellenic J Cardiol 2023; 72:57-64. [PMID: 37028490 DOI: 10.1016/j.hjc.2023.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early detection of atrial fibrillation (AF) could improve patient outcomes. P-wave duration (PWD) and interatrial block (IAB) are known predictors of new-onset AF and could improve selection for AF screening. This meta-analysis reviews the published evidence and offers practical implications. METHODS Publication databases were systematically searched, and studies reporting PWD and/or morphology at baseline and new-onset AF during follow-up were included. IAB was defined as partial (pIAB) if PWD≥120 ms or advanced (aIAB) if the P-wave was biphasic in the inferior leads. After quality assessment and data extraction, random-effects analysis calculated odds ratio (OR) and confidence intervals (CI). Subgroup analysis was performed for those with implantable devices (continuous monitoring). RESULTS Among 16,830 patients (13 studies, mean 66 years old), 2,521 (15%) had new-onset AF over a median of 44 months. New-onset AF was associated with a longer PWD (mean pooled difference: 11.5 ms, 13 studies, p < 0.001). The OR for new-onset AF was 2.05 (95% CI: 1.3-3.2) for pIAB (5 studies, p = 0.002) and 3.9 (95% CI: 2.6-5.8) for aIAB (7 studies, p < 0.001). Patients with pIAB and devices had higher AF-detection risk (OR: 2.33, p < 0.001) than those without devices (OR: 1.36, p = 0.56). Patients with aIAB had similarly high risk regardless of device presence. There was significant heterogeneity but no publication bias. CONCLUSION Interatrial block is an independent predictor of new-onset AF. The association is stronger for patients with implantable devices (close monitoring). Thus, PWD and IAB could be used as selection criteria for intensive screening, follow-up or interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emmanuel Koutalas
- Cardiology Department, Heraklion University Hospital, Crete, Greece.
| | - Stergios Intzes
- Democritus University of Thrace, Medical School, Alexandroupoli, Greece
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Borislav Dinov
- Electrophysiology Department, Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Dagres
- Electrophysiology Department, Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gerhard Hindricks
- Electrophysiology Department, Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Bollmann
- Electrophysiology Department, Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sotirios Nedios
- Electrophysiology Department, Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Germany
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Küçük SH, Batur A, Metin Aksu N, Akkaş M. The effect of serum calcium level on the success of diltiazem treatment: A retrospective cohort study. Am J Emerg Med 2023; 71:59-62. [PMID: 37343339 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2023.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diltiazem is an antiarrhythmic drug widely used in the treatment of atrial fibrillation (AFib) with rapid ventricular response (RVR). It reveals its effect by blocking L-type calcium channels. Thus, it inhibits the extracellular calcium influx into the cytosol. The relationship between serum calcium level and the efficacy of intravenous (IV) diltiazem used in the treatment of AFib with RVR has not been investigated in vivo. The aim of this study is to investigate the mentioned relationship. METHODS This study was planned as a single-center retrospective study. The data of 349 patients who presented to the emergency department with AFib with RVR and treated with diltiazem were retrospectively analyzed. A patient was considered to have responded to diltiazem treatment if the existing heart rhythm returned to sinus rhythm, or the heart rate decreased below 100 beats/min, or the heart rate decreased >20% provided that it was below 120 beats/min. The ionized calcium levels were recorded. The relationship between serum calcium level and the success of diltiazem treatment was examined. RESULTS Fifty five percent of the patients were female. The median age was 75 years. The rate of response to diltiazem treatment was 67.3%. The median of ionized calcium levels in the group which responded to diltiazem treatment (n = 235) was 1.14 mmol/L (IQR: 0.12), and the group which did not respond to diltiazem treatment (n = 114) was 1.11 mmol/L (IQR: 0.12) (p = 0.322). The patients were divided into three groups as low, normal, and high calcium levels according to the calcium reference levels determined by the hospital laboratory. The rate of response to diltiazem treatment was 61.4% in patients with low ionized calcium levels, 76.1% in patients with normal ionized calcium levels, and 40.0% in patients with high ionized calcium levels. The rate of response to diltiazem treatment was higher in patients with normal ionized calcium levels compared to patients with low or high ionized calcium levels (p = 0.004, p = 0.003). CONCLUSION The success rate of diltiazem used in the treatment of AFib with RVR was highest in physiological calcium levels. The current study may provide the clinician with awareness about the consideration of serum ionized calcium levels when choosing drugs in patients with AFib with RVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safa Hüseyin Küçük
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, 06120 Altindag Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ali Batur
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, 06120 Altindag Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Nalan Metin Aksu
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, 06120 Altindag Ankara, Turkey
| | - Meltem Akkaş
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, 06120 Altindag Ankara, Turkey
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24
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Yarrarapu SNS, Shah P, Iskander B, Mestre A, Desai A, Shah S, Bhandari R, Ottun ARA, Bharti A, Vunnam D, Ouled Said A, Hsieh YC, Patel UK, Samala Venkata V. Epidemiology, Trends, Utilization Disparities, and Outcomes of Catheter Ablation and Its Association With Coronary Vasospasm Amongst Patients With Non-valvular Atrial Fibrillation: A Nationwide Burden of Last Decade. Cureus 2023; 15:e40649. [PMID: 37342301 PMCID: PMC10278971 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.40649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Catheter ablation (CA) is an important curative treatment for non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF), however, nationwide data on its utilization and disparities is limited. Coronary vasospasm is a rare, life-threatening, peri-operative complication of CA with limited literature in Caucasians. METHODS We performed a retrospective study on adult hospitalizations in the USA from 2007 to 2017 by obtaining the data from National Inpatient Sample. The primary endpoints of our study were to identify the utilization rate of CA, disparities in utilization, and study the outcomes associated with CA. The secondary endpoints of the study were to identify the incidence of coronary vasospasm amongst patients who underwent CA, evaluate their association, and identify the predictors of coronary vasospasm. RESULTS From 35,906,946 patients with NVAF, 343641 (0.96%) underwent CA. Its utilization decreased from 1% in 2007 to 0.71% in 2017. Patients who underwent CA, compared to those without CA, fared better in terms of hospital length of stay, mortality rate, disability rate, and discharge to the non-home facility. Patients in the 50-75 years age group, Native Americans, those with private insurance, and median household income of 76-100th percentile were associated with higher odds of CA utilization. Urban teaching hospitals and large-bedded hospitals performed more ablations, while the Mid-West region fared lower than the South, the West, and the Northeast. The prevalence of coronary vasospasm was higher amongst CA in comparison without CA, however, in regression analysis, no significant association was demonstrated between CA and coronary vasospasm. CONCLUSION CA is an important treatment modality that is associated with improved clinical outcomes. Identification of factors associated with lower utilization of CA and its disparities will help to mitigate the burden associated with NVAF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Parth Shah
- Hospital Medicine, Tower Health Medical Group, Reading, USA
| | - Beshoy Iskander
- Internal Medicine, Bon Secours Mercy Health - St. Elizabeth Youngstown Hospital (NEOMED), Youngstown, USA
| | - Andrea Mestre
- Internal Medicine, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, COL
| | - Aditya Desai
- Internal Medicine, University of California Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, USA
| | - Shiv Shah
- Internal Medicine, Government Medical College, Surat, Surat, IND
| | - Renu Bhandari
- Medicine, Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara, NPL
| | | | - Anmol Bharti
- Internal Medicine, University College of Medical Sciences, Delhi, IND
| | - Deepika Vunnam
- Internal Medicine, Dr. Pinnamaneni Siddhartha Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Foundation, Chinna Avutapalli, IND
| | | | - Ya-Ching Hsieh
- Anesthesiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Urvish K Patel
- Public Health and Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
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25
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Razina TV, Serova MV, Andreev DA, Sazonova YS, Komarova AG. [Tactics of anticoagulant therapy in patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices and subclinical atrial fibrillation: A review]. TERAPEVT ARKH 2023; 95:472054. [PMID: 38158984 DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2023.04.202189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Screening for atrial fibrillation (AF) has attracted considerable attention recently. Of special interest are patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) that allow for recording episodes of atrial arrhythmias of various durations, including asymptomatic ones, in which case they are referred to as subclinical atrial fibrillation (SCAF). The available data suggest that the risk of thromboembolic events varies between patients with SCAF and clinically overt AF. As of today, the question regarding anticoagulant therapy in patients with SCAF remains unresolved. The article presents an overview of previous and ongoing studies on this issue, as well as current guidelines on anticoagulant use in patients with SCAF and CIEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- T V Razina
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
| | - M V Serova
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
- Pirogov City Clinical Hospital №1 Moscow
| | - D A Andreev
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
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26
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Blum S, Conen D. Mechanisms and Clinical Manifestations of Cognitive Decline in Atrial Fibrillation Patients: Potential Implications for Preventing Dementia. Can J Cardiol 2023; 39:159-171. [PMID: 36252904 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2022.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) patients face an approximate 1.5-fold increased risk of cognitive decline compared with the general population. Among poststroke AF patients, the risk of cognitive decline is even higher with an estimated threefold increase. This article provides a narrative review on the current evidence and highlights gaps in knowledge and areas for future research. Although earlier studies hypothesized that the association between AF and cognitive decline is mainly a consequence of previous ischemic strokes, more recent evidence also suggests such an association in AF patients without a history of clinical stroke. Because AF and cognitive decline mainly occur among elderly individuals, it is not surprising that both entities share multiple risk factors. In addition to clinically overt ischemic strokes, silent brain infarcts and other brain injury are likely mechanisms for the increased risk of cognitive decline among AF patients. Oral anticoagulation for stroke prevention in AF patients with additional stroke risk factors is one of the only proven therapies to prevent brain injury. Whether a broader use of oral anticoagulation, or more intense anticoagulation in some patients are beneficial in this context needs to be addressed in future studies. Although direct studies are lacking, it is reasonable to recommend optimal treatment of comorbidities and risk factors for the prevention of cognitive decline and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Blum
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Conen
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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27
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The first experience of a hybrid approach in the surgical treatment of atrial fibrillation. КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ ПРАКТИКА 2023. [DOI: 10.17816/clinpract116052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia in clinical practice and is associated with an increased risk of death, progression of heart failure, and the development of cardiogenic thromboemboli. Despite the significant success in the management of AF in the paroxysmal form, the results of the treatment for patients with persistent forms of AF remain unsatisfactory. Though the surgical approach provides higher rates of efficiency regarding the restoration of a sinus rhythm, transmural lesions are not always attainable, as a result, the rate of AF recurrence in the long-term period remains fairly high. It is also impossible to create ablative patterns to the mitral and tricuspid valves during thoracoscopic epicardial ablation, which can cause the development of recurrent AF, perimitral and typical atrial flutter. Therefore, the development of hybrid approaches combining the advantages of catheter and thoracoscopic techniques is an urgent task of contemporary surgical and interventional arrhythmology.
Aims: to estimate the immediate results of a hybrid approach in the management of patients with persistent AF.
Methods: We report the first experience of a hybrid treatment of patients with persistent AF. 6 patients aged 53-64 years (1 female, 5 males) were included in the study. At the first stage, thoracoscopic epicardial bipolar ablation was performed (modified GALAXY protocol); the second stage (in 3 to 6 months after the thoracoscopic stage) included an intracardiac electrophysiological study with three-dimensional endocardial mapping followed by endocardial ablation.
Results: The thoracoscopic stage of the hybrid treatment included ablation according to the box lesion scheme using a bipolar irrigation equipment. No lethal outcomes and severe, life-threatening complications were registered. The duration of the inpatient period was 510 hospital-days. The 2nd stage of the hybrid treatment was limited to intracardiac electrophysiological examination only in 2 patients. In 4 patients, epicardial radiofrequency ablation was complemented by endocardial radiofrequency exposure. In 3 of the 4 patients who underwent endocardial radiofrequency ablation, catheter ablation of the mitral and cavotricuspid isthmus was required because of the induction of perimitral and typical flutter, respectively. After the 2nd stage of the hybrid treatment, at the time of discharge all the patients maintained a stable sinus rhythm. There were no severe complications or lethal outcomes.
Conclusion: a hybrid approach in the AF management is a safe and effective method of treatment, which combines the advantages of minimally invasive surgery and endocardial intervention in patients with persistent AF. The technique is safe and has acceptable short-term results.
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Real-world comparison of in-hospital complications after catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation between non-antivitamin K anticoagulants and warfarin: A propensity-matched analysis using nation-wide database. IJC HEART & VASCULATURE 2023; 44:101174. [PMID: 36687335 PMCID: PMC9852281 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2023.101174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Background Few large-scale, real-world studies have compared the efficacy and safety of non-antivitamin K anticoagulants (NOACs) with that of warfarin in catheter ablation (CA) for atrial fibrillation (AF). Methods This retrospective, cross-sectional study used a nationwide administrative claims database, to compare complication-incidence rates following CA for AF between NOAC-treated patients and warfarin-treated matched cohorts in the real-world. Among the 32,797,540 records between June 2011 and August 2020 from 426 hospitals, 41,347 patients (38,065 on NOACs and 3,282 on Warfarin) were considered eligible. After performing propensity matching, 6,564 patients (3,282 per group) were analyzed. Results The overall complication incidence was significantly lower in the NOACs group than in the warfarin group (2.3 % vs. 4.0 %; P < 0.001, odds ratio [OR]: 0.55, 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 0.41-0.74). Although no significant differences in the incidence of cardiac tamponade (1.0 % vs. 1.1 %; P = 0.90, OR: 0.97, 95 % CI: 0.60-1.56) and major bleeding (0.6 % vs. 0.7 %; P = 0.54, OR: 0.83, 95 % CI: 0.44-1.52) were noted, blood transfusion requirements (0.6 % vs. 1.2 %; P = 0.02, OR: 0.52, 95 % CI: 0.30-0.88) and vascular complications (0.2 % vs. 0.5 %; P = 0.02, OR: 0.33, 95 % CI: 0.12-0.79) were significantly lower in the NOACs group than in the warfarin group. Furthermore, the thromboembolic event incidence was significantly lower in the NOACs group than in the warfarin group (0.5 % vs. 1.2 %; P < 0.001, OR: 0.36, 95 % CI: 0.19-0.64). Conclusions NOACs should be considered as a first-line therapy for periprocedural anticoagulation in patients undergoing CA for AF.
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Key Words
- AF, atrial fibrillation
- AFL, atrial flutter
- AT, atrial tachycardia
- Atrial fibrillation
- CA, catheter ablation
- CI, confidence interval
- Catheter ablation
- Complications
- DPC, Diagnosis Procedure Combination
- ICD-10, International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision
- MDV, Medical Data Vision
- Nation-wide database
- OAC, oral anticoagulation
- OR, odds ratio
- PSM, propensity-score matching
- QOL, quality of life
- RCT, randomized controlled trial
- TIA, transient ischemic attack
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29
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Patient Education Strategies to Improve Risk of Stroke in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation. CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR RISK REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12170-022-00709-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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Sarzani R, Allevi M, Di Pentima C, Schiavi P, Spannella F, Giulietti F. Role of Cardiac Natriuretic Peptides in Heart Structure and Function. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214415. [PMID: 36430893 PMCID: PMC9697447 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac natriuretic peptides (NPs), atrial NP (ANP) and B-type NP (BNP) are true hormones produced and released by cardiomyocytes, exerting several systemic effects. Together with C-type NP (CNP), mainly expressed by endothelial cells, they also exert several paracrine and autocrine activities on the heart itself, contributing to cardiovascular (CV) health. In addition to their natriuretic, vasorelaxant, metabolic and antiproliferative systemic properties, NPs prevent cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, arrhythmias and cardiomyopathies, counteracting the development and progression of heart failure (HF). Moreover, recent studies revealed that a protein structurally similar to NPs mainly produced by skeletal muscles and osteoblasts called musclin/osteocrin is able to interact with the NPs clearance receptor, attenuating cardiac dysfunction and myocardial fibrosis and promoting heart protection during pathological overload. This narrative review is focused on the direct activities of this molecule family on the heart, reporting both experimental and human studies that are clinically relevant for physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Sarzani
- Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico-Istituto Nazionale di Ricovero e Cura per Anziani (IRCCS INRCA), 60127 Ancona, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
- Correspondence: (R.S.); Tel.: +39-071-5964696
| | - Massimiliano Allevi
- Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico-Istituto Nazionale di Ricovero e Cura per Anziani (IRCCS INRCA), 60127 Ancona, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Chiara Di Pentima
- Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico-Istituto Nazionale di Ricovero e Cura per Anziani (IRCCS INRCA), 60127 Ancona, Italy
| | - Paola Schiavi
- Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico-Istituto Nazionale di Ricovero e Cura per Anziani (IRCCS INRCA), 60127 Ancona, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesco Spannella
- Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico-Istituto Nazionale di Ricovero e Cura per Anziani (IRCCS INRCA), 60127 Ancona, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Federico Giulietti
- Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico-Istituto Nazionale di Ricovero e Cura per Anziani (IRCCS INRCA), 60127 Ancona, Italy
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Gomez SE, Fazal M, Nunes JC, Shah S, Perino AC, Narayan SM, Tamirisa KP, Han JK, Rodriguez F, Baykaner T. Racial, ethnic, and sex disparities in atrial fibrillation management: rate and rhythm control. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 2022:10.1007/s10840-022-01383-x. [PMID: 36224481 PMCID: PMC10097842 DOI: 10.1007/s10840-022-01383-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation (AF) affects around 6 million Americans. AF management involves pharmacologic therapy and/or interventional procedures to control rate and rhythm, as well as anticoagulation for stroke prevention. Different populations may respond differently to distinct management strategies. This review will describe disparities in rate and rhythm control and their impact on outcomes among women and historically underrepresented racial and/or ethnic groups. METHODS This is a narrative review exploring the topic of sex and racial and/or ethnic disparities in rate and rhythm management of AF. We describe basic terminology, summarize AF epidemiology, discuss diversity in clinical research, and review landmark clinical trials. RESULTS Despite having higher rates of traditional AF risk factors, Black and Hispanic adults have lower risk of AF than non-Hispanic White (NHW) patients, although those with AF experience more severe symptoms and report lower quality-of-life scores than NHW patients with AF. NHW patients receive antiarrhythmic drugs, cardioversions, and invasive therapies more frequently than Black and Hispanic patients. Women have lower rates of AF than men, but experience more severe symptoms, heart failure, stroke, and death after AF diagnosis. Women and people from diverse racial and ethnic backgrounds are inadequately represented in AF trials; prevalence findings may be a result of underdetection. CONCLUSION Race, ethnicity, and gender are social determinants of health that may impact the prevalence, evolution, and management of AF. This impact reflects differences in biology as well as disparities in treatment and representation in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia E Gomez
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, H2146, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Muhammad Fazal
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, H2146, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Julio C Nunes
- Stanford Center for Clinical Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Cardiac Arrhythmia Service, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shayena Shah
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, H2146, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Alexander C Perino
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, H2146, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Sanjiv M Narayan
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, H2146, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | | | - Janet K Han
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Service, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Fatima Rodriguez
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, H2146, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Tina Baykaner
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, H2146, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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Long B, Keim SM, Gottlieb M, Stiell IG. What is the Best Agent for Rate Control of Atrial Fibrillation With Rapid Ventricular Response? J Emerg Med 2022; 63:467-476. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2022.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Can I Send This Patient With Atrial Fibrillation Home From the Emergency Department? J Emerg Med 2022; 63:600-612. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2022.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Liu H, Aslan M, Sandoval V, Liu YH. Potential Impact of SPECT Resolution on Quantification of Left Ventricular Volumes and Ejection Fraction: A Phantom Study. J Med Biol Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40846-022-00747-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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O'Sullivan JW, Raghavan S, Marquez-Luna C, Luzum JA, Damrauer SM, Ashley EA, O'Donnell CJ, Willer CJ, Natarajan P. Polygenic Risk Scores for Cardiovascular Disease: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2022; 146:e93-e118. [PMID: 35862132 PMCID: PMC9847481 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000001077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading contributor to years lost due to disability or premature death among adults. Current efforts focus on risk prediction and risk factor mitigation' which have been recognized for the past half-century. However, despite advances, risk prediction remains imprecise with persistently high rates of incident cardiovascular disease. Genetic characterization has been proposed as an approach to enable earlier and potentially tailored prevention. Rare mendelian pathogenic variants predisposing to cardiometabolic conditions have long been known to contribute to disease risk in some families. However, twin and familial aggregation studies imply that diverse cardiovascular conditions are heritable in the general population. Significant technological and methodological advances since the Human Genome Project are facilitating population-based comprehensive genetic profiling at decreasing costs. Genome-wide association studies from such endeavors continue to elucidate causal mechanisms for cardiovascular diseases. Systematic cataloging for cardiovascular risk alleles also enabled the development of polygenic risk scores. Genetic profiling is becoming widespread in large-scale research, including in health care-associated biobanks, randomized controlled trials, and direct-to-consumer profiling in tens of millions of people. Thus, individuals and their physicians are increasingly presented with polygenic risk scores for cardiovascular conditions in clinical encounters. In this scientific statement, we review the contemporary science, clinical considerations, and future challenges for polygenic risk scores for cardiovascular diseases. We selected 5 cardiometabolic diseases (coronary artery disease, hypercholesterolemia, type 2 diabetes, atrial fibrillation, and venous thromboembolic disease) and response to drug therapy and offer provisional guidance to health care professionals, researchers, policymakers, and patients.
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Shatla I, El-Zein RS, Kennedy K, Elkaryoni A, Ubaid A, Wimmer AP. Comparison of the Safety of Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion in Patients Aged <75 Versus Those Aged ≥75 Years (from a Nationwide Cohort Sample). Am J Cardiol 2022; 172:35-39. [PMID: 35317930 PMCID: PMC10041667 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2022.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The mean age in clinical trials of percutaneous left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) has been <75 years. We aimed to better understand the safety of LAAO in older patients. National Inpatient Sample and International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision codes were used to identify patients with atrial fibrillation who underwent LAAO during the years 2016-2018. Patients were grouped by age <75 and ≥75 years. Baseline characteristics; length of stay; cost; hospital mortality; and other adverse events, including hematoma, vascular complications, perforation/tamponade, and stroke/ transient ischemic attack, were compared for the 2 groups. A total of 6,877 patients were identified, of whom 4,160 (60.4%) were aged ≥75 years. Length of stay and hospitalization costs were similar for the 2 groups. There were 10 deaths in patients aged ≥75 years and 1 death in patients aged <75 years (p = 0.059). The incidence of perforation/tamponade was 1.3% in patients aged ≥75 years versus 0.6% for those <75 years (p = 0.008). This difference persisted on multivariate analysis (odds ratio [OR] 1.76, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01 to 3.07). The risk of perforation/tamponade was also higher in female patients (OR 2.74, 95% CI 1.63 to 4.59). There was a trend toward higher combined procedure-related adverse events (OR 1.46, 95% CI 0.99 to 2.15) in patients ≥75 years. There was no difference in the individual components of hematoma, vascular complication, and stroke/transient ischemic attack between both groups. In conclusion, percutaneous LAAO was associated with a higher risk of perforation and tamponade in older patients, particularly women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam Shatla
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Rayan S El-Zein
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Kevin Kennedy
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Ahmed Elkaryoni
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Loyola University Medical Center, Loyola Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Aamer Ubaid
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Alan P Wimmer
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri; Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, Missouri.
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Adcock AK, Schwamm LH, Smith EE, Fonarow GC, Reeves MJ, Xu H, Matsouaka RA, Xian Y, Saver JL. Trends in Use, Outcomes, and Disparities in Endovascular Thrombectomy in US Patients With Stroke Aged 80 Years and Older Compared With Younger Patients. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e2215869. [PMID: 35671055 PMCID: PMC9175073 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.15869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Patients aged 80 years and older were often excluded or underrepresented in pivotal endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) trials. Accordingly, trends in frequency, outcomes, and disparities of EVT use merit close analysis. OBJECTIVE To delineate temporal trends in EVT use, outcomes, and disparities among patients with acute ischemic stroke aged 80 years and older vs those younger than 80 years. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A US nationwide retrospective cohort study using prospectively collected data was conducted in patients admitted with a primary diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke between April 1, 2012, and June 30, 2019. Data were obtained from hospitals participating in the Get With the Guidelines-Stroke (GWTG-Stroke) program, which is a stroke quality improvement registry, with data collected prospectively, sponsored by the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Data analysis was conducted from November 2, 2020, to June 25, 2021. EXPOSURES Potentially eligible for EVT based on arrival within 6 hours and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score greater than or equal to 6. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Efficacy outcomes included discharge to home, independent ambulation at discharge, and functional independence (modified Rankin Scale score 0-2) at discharge. Safety outcomes included in-hospital mortality, combined in-hospital mortality or discharge to hospice, and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage. RESULTS Among 302 965 patients with ischemic stroke meeting study criteria as potentially eligible for EVT admitted to 614 GWTG-Stroke hospitals, 14.0% (42 422) received EVT (21 634 women [51.0%]), including 10.7% (12 768 of 119 453) of patients aged 80 years and older (median [IQR] age, 85 [82-89] years) and 16.2% (29 654 of 183 512) of patients younger than 80 years (median [IQR] age, 65 [56-73] years). Among patients aged 80 years and older, EVT rates increased substantially during the study period, from 3.3% in early 2012 to 20.8% in early 2019. By study end, the relative rate of EVT among eligible patients aged 80 years and older compared with those younger than 80 years increased from 0.49 (3.3% vs 6.7%) to 0.76 (20.8% vs 27.3%). Older patients had worse outcomes at discharge compared with younger patients, including discharge to home: 12.5% vs 31.1% (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.43; 95% CI, 0.40-0.46), functional independence (modified Rankin Scale score 0-2): 10.9% vs 26.6% (aOR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.41-0.49), and inpatient death or discharge to hospice, 34.5% vs 16.1% (aOR, 2.22; 95% CI, 2.09-2.36). Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage rates did not differ significantly (6.9% vs 6.5%; aOR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.94-1.14). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this cohort study, use of EVT among individuals aged 80 years and older increased substantially from 2012 to 2019, although the rate remained lower than in younger patients. Although favorable functional outcomes at discharge were lower and combined mortality or discharge to hospice was higher in the older patients, the risk of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage was not increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia K. Adcock
- Department of Neurology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown
| | - Lee H. Schwamm
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Eric E. Smith
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gregg C. Fonarow
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, Los Angeles
- Section Editor, Health Care Quality and Guidelines, JAMA Cardiology
| | - Mathew J. Reeves
- Department of Epidemiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing
| | - Haolin Xu
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Ying Xian
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
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Wong KKL, Zhang A, Yang K, Wu S, Ghista DN. GCW-UNet segmentation of cardiac magnetic resonance images for evaluation of left atrial enlargement. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2022; 221:106915. [PMID: 35653942 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2022.106915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Left atrial enlargement (LAE) is an anatomical variation of the left atrium and the result of the long-term increase of left atrial pressure. Most of the increase in stress or volume is due to potential cardiovascular disease. Studies have shown that LAE can independently predict the development of clinically significant cardiovascular disease and heart failure. If the left atrial volume is accurately measured, it will be an essential indicator of human health and an essential means for doctors to find patients' potential diseases. We can analyze the dynamic changes in the left atrial structure and analyze left atrial dilation. However, manual segmentation was inefficient and error-prone before the 3D reconstruction of the left atrium. In order to solve this problem, a convolution neural network (CNN) method based on cardiac magnetic resonance image (MRI) is proposed to automatically segment the left atrial region. METHODOLOGY In this paper, we have proposed and developed a novel U-Net with Gaussian blur and channel weight neural network (GCW-UNet) to automatically segment the left atrial region in the MRI of a patient with LAE. After Gaussian blur, different resolutions of the MRI are obtained. High-resolution MRI clearly shows the detailed features of the left atrium, while low-resolution MRI clearly shows the overall outline of the left atrium, which can solve the problem of more minor MRI features. Adaptive channel weights can enhance the atrial segmentation capability of the network. RESULTS Compared with the state-of-the-art left atrial segmentation methods, our CNN-based technique results in the segmentation of the left atrium being closer to the manual segmentation by an experienced radiologist. On the test datasets, the mean Dice similarity coefficient reaches 93.57%. CONCLUSION Firstly, MRI has a small number of imaging artifacts, which results in low segmentation accuracy. Our method successfully solves the problem. Secondly, due to the high similarity between the background (the area outside the left atrium) and the foreground (the left atrium) in MRI, traditional neural networks misclassify the background as the foreground. Our GCW-Unit can address the imbalanced number of pixels between the foreground and background. Finally, after segmenting the left atrium in the MRI by GCW-Unit, we reconstructed the left atrium to model a three-dimensional heart of a patient suffering from LAE. Based on the different time frames of one heartbeat, we could present the dynamics of the left atrial structure during a cardiac cycle. This can better assist in the evaluation of LAE in heart patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin K L Wong
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
| | - An Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Metallurgical Equipment and Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission and Manufacturing Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ke Yang
- Key Laboratory of Metallurgical Equipment and Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission and Manufacturing Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shiqian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Metallurgical Equipment and Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission and Manufacturing Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Hang F, Chen J, Wang Z, Yan J, Wu Y. Association Between the Frailty and New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation/Flutter Among Elderly Hypertensive Patients. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:881946. [PMID: 35600465 PMCID: PMC9120584 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.881946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Frailty was found to be common in patients with atrial fibrillation/flutter (AF), but there was still a lack of evidence regarding the relationship between frailty and new-onset AF. Methods We performed a post hoc analysis of data from the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT). In addition, we evaluated the relationship between baseline frailty status and new-onset AF in older adult patients with hypertension. Results In total, 7,316 participants were included in our analysis, and a total of 115 new-onset AF occurred during an average of 3.54 years of follow-up. Using SPRINT frailty index criteria, 1,535 fit, 4,041 less fit, and 1,740 frailty were enrolled. Compared with other groups, the incidence of new-onset AF in the frailty group was significantly higher. We constructed three Cox models to assess the relationship between the frailty status (fit group as reference) and new-onset AF. Participants with frailty had a significantly higher risk of new-onset AF compared with the fit group in all the models we used. We combined the fit group and the less fit group into a no frailty group to assess the impact of frailty on new-onset AF in various subgroups. After full adjustment (Model 3), frailty remained associated with the increased risk of new-onset AF compared with the no frailty group [hazard ratio [HR] = 2.09, 95% CI:(1.41, 3.09), p < 0.001]. Additionally, we examined the frailty index as continuous variable to assess the relationship between the frailty index and new-onset AF. The smooth curve showed that log HR appeared to increase linearly. And there was a significant interaction between baseline systolic blood pressure (SBP) categories and frailty on the risk of new-onset AF (p for interaction = 0.030). Conclusion This study found baseline frailty status was a strong independent risk factor for new-onset AF among older adult patients with hypertension. Screening for frailty should be considered in older adult patients with hypertension to prevent new-onset AF.
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Baykaner T, Pundi K, Lin B, Lu Y, DeSutter K, Lhamo K, Garay G, Nunes JC, Morin DP, Sears SF, Chung MK, Paasche-Orlow MK, Sanders LM, Bunch TJ, Hills MT, Mahaffey KW, Stafford RS, Wang PJ. The ENHANCE-AF clinical trial to evaluate an atrial fibrillation shared decision-making pathway: Rationale and study design. Am Heart J 2022; 247:68-75. [PMID: 35092723 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2022.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Shared decision making (SDM) may result in treatment plans that best reflect the goals and wishes of patients, increasing patient satisfaction with the decision-making process. There is a knowledge gap to support the use of decision aids in SDM for anticoagulation therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). We describe the development and testing of a new decision aid, including a multicenter, randomized, controlled, 2-arm, open-label ENHANCE-AF clinical trial (Engaging Patients to Help Achieve Increased Patient Choice and Engagement for AF Stroke Prevention) to evaluate its effectiveness in 1,200 participants. METHODS Participants will be randomized to either usual care or to a SDM pathway incorporating a digital tool designed to simplify the complex concepts surrounding AF in conjunction with a clinician tool and a non-clinician navigator to guide the participants through each step of the tool. The participant-determined primary outcome for this study is the Decisional Conflict Scale, measured at 1 month after the index visit during which a decision was made regarding anticoagulation use. Secondary outcomes at both 1 and 6 months will include other decision making related scales as well as participant and clinician satisfaction, oral anticoagulation adherence, and a composite rate of major bleeding, death, stroke, or transient ischemic attack. The study will be conducted at four sites selected for their ability to enroll participants of varying racial and ethnic backgrounds, health literacy, and language skills. Participants will be followed in the study for 6 months. CONCLUSIONS The results of the ENHANCE-AF trial will determine whether a decision aid facilitates high quality shared decision making in anticoagulation discussions for stroke reduction in AF. An improved shared decision-making experience may allow patients to make decisions better aligned with their personal values and preferences, while improving overall AF care.
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Way KL, Birnie D, Blanchard C, Wells G, Dorian P, Jorstad HT, Daha IC, Suskin N, Oh P, Parkash R, Poirier P, Prince SA, Tulloch H, Pipe AL, Hans H, Wilson J, Comeau K, Vidal-Almela S, Terada T, Reed JL. The Physical Activity Levels and Sitting Time of Adults Living With Atrial Fibrillation: The CHAMPLAIN-AF Study. CJC Open 2022; 4:449-465. [PMID: 35607489 PMCID: PMC9123363 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjco.2022.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The primary goal of this study was to determine the time spent completing moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) among adults with atrial fibrillation (AF). Secondary aims examined MVPA and sitting time (ST) by AF subtypes (ie, paroxysmal, persistent, long-standing persistent, and permanent) and associations between MVPA or ST and knowledge, task self-efficacy, and outcome expectations. Methods An observational study was conducted in the Champlain region of Ontario, Canada. AF patients completed a survey to determine MVPA and ST using the Short-Form International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Results A total of 619 patients (66% male; median age 65 years [95% CI 64-67 years]) completed the survey. Median MVPA and ST were 100 (60-120) min/wk and 6 (5-6) h/d; 56% of patients were not meeting the Canadian 24H Movement Guidelines. Most patients (54%) did not know/were unsure of the MVPA recommendations, yet 72% thought physical activity should be part of AF management. Positive correlations were found between higher MVPA levels and the following: (i) speaking to a healthcare professional about engaging in physical activity for managing AF (ρ = 0.108, P = 0.017); (ii) greater confidence regarding ability to perform physical activity and muscle-strengthening exercise (ρ = 0.421, P < 0.01); and (iii) patient agreement that AF would be better managed if they were active (ρ = 0.205, P < 0.01). Conclusions Many AF patients do not meet the MVPA recommendations, which may be due to lack of physical activity knowledge. Exercise professionals may help educate patients on the benefits of physical activity, improve task-self efficacy, and integrate MVPA into patient lifestyles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley L. Way
- Exercise Physiology and Cardiovascular Health Lab, Division of Cardiac Prevention and Rehabilitation, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Birnie
- Arrhythmia Service, Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - George Wells
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul Dorian
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Harald T. Jorstad
- Heart Centre, Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ioana C. Daha
- Department of Cardiology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Neville Suskin
- Lawson Heath Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul Oh
- University Health Network, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ratika Parkash
- Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Paul Poirier
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stephanie A. Prince
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Heather Tulloch
- Division of Cardiac Prevention and Rehabilitation, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew L. Pipe
- Division of Cardiac Prevention and Rehabilitation, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Harleen Hans
- Exercise Physiology and Cardiovascular Health Lab, Division of Cardiac Prevention and Rehabilitation, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Janet Wilson
- Exercise Physiology and Cardiovascular Health Lab, Division of Cardiac Prevention and Rehabilitation, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katelyn Comeau
- Exercise Physiology and Cardiovascular Health Lab, Division of Cardiac Prevention and Rehabilitation, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sol Vidal-Almela
- Exercise Physiology and Cardiovascular Health Lab, Division of Cardiac Prevention and Rehabilitation, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Institut du Savoir Montfort, Hôpital Montfort, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tasuku Terada
- Exercise Physiology and Cardiovascular Health Lab, Division of Cardiac Prevention and Rehabilitation, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer L. Reed
- Exercise Physiology and Cardiovascular Health Lab, Division of Cardiac Prevention and Rehabilitation, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Li XN, Wang JX, Wei Q, Yu XB, Zhou YT, Ma XY, Zhao N, Lu B. Diagnostic Value of Delayed Contrast-Enhanced Cardiac Computed Tomography for Detecting Left Atrial Appendage Thrombus in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:847163. [PMID: 35571218 PMCID: PMC9095922 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.847163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Delayed enhancement cardiac CT is a reliable tool for the diagnosis of left atrial appendage thrombus but limited for scanning heterogeneity. We aimed to explore the improvement of the 1 and 3-min delay phase at the diagnostic level to detect left atrial appendage thrombus, in order to set up a reasonable CT scanning scheme. Materials and Methods A total of 6,524 patients were continuously retrieved from January 2015 to September 2020 retrospectively. The patients had undergone Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and cardiac CT with complete period include the arterial enhancement phase, 1 and 3-min delay phase, TEE were used as the reference standard. The final study included 329 patients. Three experienced radiologists independently assessed each phase of the cardiac CT images for thrombus diagnosis. We explored the improvement of the diagnostic ability of different delayed contrast-enhanced phases for left atrial appendage thrombus detection. Multiple logistic regression analysis were used for further high-risk stratification to avoid an additional 1-min delayed scan. Results In total, 29 thrombosis were detected at TEE. For all cardiac CT phases, sensitivity and negative predictive were 100%. The specificity were 0.54, 0.93, and 1.00, respectively; The positive predictive values (PPV) were 0.17, 0.57, and 1.00, respectively; Area under curve (AUC) were 0.75, 0.95, and 0.98, respectively. High risk factors that cannot be clearly diagnosed with 1-min delay phase included reduced cardiac function, increased CHA2DS2-VAScscore and left atrial enlargement. Compared with the arterial enhanced phase, increased radiation doses in the 1 and 3-min delay phases were 1.7 ± 1.3 msv and 1.5 ± 0.8 msv (mean ± standard deviation). Conclusion Using TEE as the reference standard, early contrast-enhanced CT scanning with 1 and 3-min delay is necessary for the diagnosis of left appendage thrombus, which could significantly improve the diagnostic efficiency. Patients with high-risk stratification are suitable for direct 3-min delayed scanning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Nan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Radiology, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Xi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Radiology, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Ultrasonography, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xian-Bo Yu
- CT Collaboration, Siemens Healthineers Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Tao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Radiology, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Radiology, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Na Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Radiology, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Radiology, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Bin Lu,
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Zhang Y, Sun D, Zhao X, Luo Y, Yu H, Zhou Y, Gao Y, Han X, Duan Y, Fang N, Duan X, Li T, Zhang S, Gong Y, Li Y. Bacteroides fragilis prevents aging-related atrial fibrillation in rats via regulatory T cells-mediated regulation of inflammation. Pharmacol Res 2022; 177:106141. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Sirish P, Diloretto DA, Thai PN, Chiamvimonvat N. The Critical Roles of Proteostasis and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Atrial Fibrillation. Front Physiol 2022; 12:793171. [PMID: 35058801 PMCID: PMC8764384 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.793171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) remains the most common arrhythmia seen clinically. The incidence of AF is increasing due to the aging population. AF is associated with a significant increase in morbidity and mortality, yet current treatment paradigms have proven largely inadequate. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new effective therapeutic strategies for AF. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in the heart plays critical roles in the regulation of excitation-contraction coupling and cardiac function. Perturbation in the ER homeostasis due to intrinsic and extrinsic factors, such as inflammation, oxidative stress, and ischemia, leads to ER stress that has been linked to multiple conditions including diabetes mellitus, neurodegeneration, cancer, heart disease, and cardiac arrhythmias. Recent studies have documented the critical roles of ER stress in the pathophysiological basis of AF. Using an animal model of chronic pressure overload, we demonstrate a significant increase in ER stress in atrial tissues. Moreover, we demonstrate that treatment with a small molecule inhibitor to inhibit the soluble epoxide hydrolase enzyme in the arachidonic acid metabolism significantly reduces ER stress as well as atrial electrical and structural remodeling. The current review article will attempt to provide a perspective on our recent understandings and current knowledge gaps on the critical roles of proteostasis and ER stress in AF progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padmini Sirish
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States.,Department of Veterans Affairs, Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, United States
| | - Daphne A Diloretto
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Phung N Thai
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States.,Department of Veterans Affairs, Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, United States
| | - Nipavan Chiamvimonvat
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States.,Department of Veterans Affairs, Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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Trongtorsak A, Kewcharoen J, Saowapa S, Polpichai N, Thangjui S, Navaravong L. Comparison of mortality rates among rate-control agents in patients with atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2022; 23:e39-e41. [PMID: 34860198 DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0000000000001283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jakrin Kewcharoen
- Loma Linda University Health, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, California, USA
| | - Sakditad Saowapa
- Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok
| | - Natchaya Polpichai
- Prince of Songkla University, Faculty of Medicine Songklanagarin Hospital, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Sittinun Thangjui
- Bassett Healthcare Network, Internal Medicine Residency Program, New York
| | - Leenhapong Navaravong
- University of Utah, School of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Utah, USA
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46
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Aung S, Nah G, Vittinghoff E, Groh CA, Fang CD, Marcus GM. Population-Level Analyses of Alcohol Consumption as a Predictor of Acute Atrial Fibrillation Episodes. NATURE CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH 2022; 1:23-27. [PMID: 38037649 PMCID: PMC10688513 DOI: 10.1038/s44161-021-00003-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sidney Aung
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Gregory Nah
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Eric Vittinghoff
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco
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Zhao X, Li H, Liu C, Ren Y, Sun C. NT Pro-BNP can be used as a risk predictor of clinical atrial fibrillation with or without left atrial enlargement. Clin Cardiol 2021; 45:68-74. [PMID: 34952980 PMCID: PMC8799051 DOI: 10.1002/clc.23760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background NT Pro‐BNP is a blood marker secreted by cardiomyocytes. Myocardial stretch is the main factor to stimulate NT Pro‐BNP secretion in cardiomyocytes. NT Pro‐BNP is an important risk factor for cardiac dysfunction, stroke, and pulmonary embolism. So does atrial myocyte stretching occur when patients have atrial fibrillation (AF)? Whether atrial muscle stretch induced by AF leads to increased NT Pro‐BNP remains unclear. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between NT Pro‐BNP and AF. Hypothesis AF can cause changes in myocardial tension. Changes in myocardial tension may lead to increased secretion of NT Pro‐BNP. We hypothesize that NT Pro‐BNP may increase in AF with or without LAD enlargement. Methods This clinical study is an observational study and has been approved by the Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University. Ethical approval documents is attached. The study retrospectively reviewed 1345 patients with and without AF. After excluding 102 patients who were not eligible, the final total sample size was 1243 cases: AF group 679 patients (378, 55.7% males) and non‐AF group 564 patients (287, 50.8% males). NT Pro‐BNP was observed in AF group and non‐AF group with or without LAD. After adjusting for age, gender, BMI, left atrial diameter, hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, and cerebral infarction, NT Pro‐BNP remains statistically significant with AF. Conclusion NT Pro‐BNP can be used as a risk predictor of AF with or without left atrial enlargement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hao Li
- Rehabilitation and Treatment Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Cai Liu
- Health Science Center of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ren
- Medical Science Center of Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chaofeng Sun
- Cardiovascular Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Norby FL, Benjamin EJ, Alonso A, Chugh SS. Racial and Ethnic Considerations in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: JACC Focus Seminar 5/9. J Am Coll Cardiol 2021; 78:2563-2572. [PMID: 34887142 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2021.04.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) affects at least 60 million individuals globally and is associated with substantial impacts on morbidity, mortality, and health care expenditures. This review focuses on how race and ethnicity influence AF epidemiology, risk prediction, treatment, and outcomes; knowledge gaps in these areas are identified. Most AF studies have predominantly included White populations, with an underrepresentation of racial and ethnic groups, including but not limited to Black, Hispanic, and Indigenous individuals. Enhancement and implementation of AF risk prediction, prevention, and management call for studies that will gather accurate race-based epidemiologic data and evaluate social determinants and genetic factors in the context of multiple races and ethnicities. Available studies highlight inequities in access to treatment as well as outcomes between White individuals and persons of other races/ethnicities. These inequities will need to be addressed by a renewed emphasis on structural and social determinants of health that contribute to AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faye L Norby
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Health System, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Emelia J Benjamin
- Cardiovascular Medicine Sections, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alvaro Alonso
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sumeet S Chugh
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Health System, Los Angeles, California, USA.
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Yasan M, Savas G, Karabiyik U, Cetin M, Cetinkaya Z, Bucak HM, Kalay N, Ozdogru İ, Oguzhan A. Predictive power of diastolic parameters on medical cardioversion success in acute atrial fibrillation. Echocardiography 2021; 38:1999-2005. [PMID: 34921438 DOI: 10.1111/echo.15212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diastolic function assessment has been reported to provide valuable data in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of diastolic parameters on predicting the effectiveness of medical cardioversion in restoring sinus rhythm among patients with acute AF. METHODS 40 non-valvular, new onset AF patients were included. All participants received an intravenous infusion of amiodarone. In patients whom sinus rhythm could not be restored with amiodarone, an electrical cardioversion was performed. Two groups, patients who achieved sinus rhythm with amiodarone (Group-1) and who failed to achieve sinus rhythm with amiodarone (Group-2) were compared with respect to initial echocardiographic measurements. RESULTS Group-1 patients were younger comparing with Group-2 (mean age; 54.4 ± 13.9 years vs 63.3 ± 10.3 years, p = 0.028). Comparing with Group-1, Group-2 patients had; a higher left atrium volume index (17.1 ± 4.8 cm3 / m2 vs 22.6 ± 6.6 cm3 / m2 , p = 0.03); a shorter pulmonary vein S (49.6 ± 3.8 cm/sec vs 41.1 ± 3.0 cm/sec, p < 0.001); and a shorter pulmonary vein D peak velocity (55.9 ± 2.4 cm/sec vs 52.3 ± 1.8 cm/sec, p < 0.001). Moreover, both IVRT and DT were significantly shorter in Group-2, comparing with Group-1 (45.1 ± 2.1 msec vs 51.1 ± 2.5 msec, p < 0.001 and 51.3 ± 2.4 msec vs 56.5± 3.2 msec, p < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION The present study revealed that admission pulmonary vein S and D wave peak velocities, IVRT, DT, and Pro-BNP levels could be predictors of failure of medical cardioversion among AF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Yasan
- Department of Cardiology, Kastamonu Training and Research Hospital, Kastamonu, Turkey
| | - Goktug Savas
- Department of Cardiology, Siyami Ersek Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Center Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ugur Karabiyik
- Department of Cardiology, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Murat Cetin
- Department of Cardiology, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Zeki Cetinkaya
- Department of Cardiology, Kastamonu Training and Research Hospital, Kastamonu, Turkey
| | | | - Nihat Kalay
- Department of Cardiology, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - İbrahim Ozdogru
- Department of Cardiology, Medilife Beylikduzu Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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Large Device-Related Thrombus Detected following Symptoms of Transient Ischemic Attack. Case Rep Cardiol 2021; 2021:9195984. [PMID: 34858666 PMCID: PMC8632399 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9195984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
As an independent risk factor for stroke, atrial fibrillation has been shown to be associated with a fivefold increase in the cause of embolic stroke in comparison to healthy individuals without atrial fibrillation. This risk may be compounded by other factors; however, the main probable cause of stroke leading from atrial fibrillation is thrombus formation in the left atrial appendage. In patients for whom anticoagulation is contraindicated, left atrial appendage occlusion has become a leading alternative option for therapeutic prevention of thromboembolism and stroke in patients with this condition. Unfortunately, these devices (particularly the WATCHMAN) have been associated with a 3-6% incidence of intracardiac thrombus development postimplantation. Some risk factors for the development of device-related thrombus are high platelet count, permanent atrial fibrillation, resistance to clopidogrel, and prior transient ischemic attack or stroke. Despite following an anticoagulant regimen, thrombus formation was reported in 5.6% of participants of a randomized clinical trial, and further analysis showed that some of these patients continued to develop either ischemic stroke or thromboembolism five years later as compared to patients without initial thrombus development. We present a case of an elderly male with prior history of stroke and transient ischemic attack who developed a large device-related thrombus five months following WATCHMAN FLX™ implantation. Currently, there are no specific recommendations on the management of this rare complication; however, we discuss possible consideration of initially prolonging anticoagulation therapy following implantation for high-risk individuals, as there is an increased possibility for thrombus formation in this population. Management options should continue to be studied for therapeutic benefit in streamlining postprocedural therapy and improve future outcomes in the use of left atrial appendage occlusion devices, as well as continual thrombus prevention.
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