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Studies on vascular response to full superantigens and superantigen derived peptides: Possible production of novel superantigen variants with less vasodilation effect for tolerable cancer immunotherapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 115:108905. [PMID: 31060004 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Superantigens (SAgs) are a class of antigens that cause non-specific activation of T-cells resulting in polyclonal T cell activation and massive cytokine release and causing symptoms similar to sepsis, e.g. hypotension and subsequent hyporeactivity. We investigated the direct effect of SAgs on vascular tone using two recombinant SAgs, SEA and SPEA. The roles of Nitric Oxide (NO) and potentially hyperpolarization, which is dependent on the K+ channel activation, were also explored. The data show that SEA and SPEA have direct vasodilatory effects that were in part NO-dependent, but completely dependent on activation of K+ channels. Our work also identified the functional regions of one of the superantigens, SPEA, that are involved in causing the vasodilation and possible hypotension. A series of 20 overlapping peptides, spanning the entire sequence of SPEA, were designed and synthesized. The vascular response of each peptide was measured, and the active peptides were identified. Our results implicate the regions, (61-100), (101-140) and (181-220) which cause the vasodilation and possible hypotension effects of SPEA. The data also shows that the peptide 181-220 exert the highest vasodilation effect. This work therefore, demonstrates the direct effect of SAgs on vascular tone and identify the active region causing this vasodilation. We propose that these three peptides could be effective novel antihypertensive drugs. We also overexpressed, in E.coli, four superantigens from codon optimized genes.
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Deng Z, Liu Y, Wang J, Wu S, Geng L, Sui Z, Zhang Q. Antihypertensive Effects of Two Novel Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitory Peptides from Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis (Rhodophyta) in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHRs). Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16090299. [PMID: 30150552 PMCID: PMC6163600 DOI: 10.3390/md16090299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of biologically active products have been isolated from Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis. In the present study, two novel angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides, FQIN [M(O)] CILR, and TGAPCR, were screened and identified from G. lemaneiformis protein hydrolysates by LC-MS/MS. The IC50 values of FQIN [M(O)] CILR and TGAPCR were 9.64 ± 0.36 μM and 23.94 ± 0.82 μM, respectively. In the stability study, both peptides showed stabilities of pH, temperature, simulated gastrointestinal digestion, and ACE hydrolysis. The Lineweaver–Burk plot showed that the two peptides were noncompetitive inhibitors of ACE. Molecular docking simulated the intermolecular interactions of two peptides and ACE, and the two peptides formed hydrogen bonds with the active pockets of ACE. However, FQIN [M(O)] CILR was more closely linked to the active pockets of ACE, thereby exerting better ACE inhibition. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) were studied with an oral dose of 10 mg/kg body weight. Both peptides reduced systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in SHRs, of which FQIN [M(O)] CILR was able to reduce the systolic blood pressure by 34 mmHg (SBP) (p < 0.05). Therefore, FQIN [M(O)] CILR was an excellent ACE inhibitory peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
- Lab for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Lab for Marine Sci. & Tech, Qingdao 266071, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Yingjuan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
- Lab for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Lab for Marine Sci. & Tech, Qingdao 266071, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Jing Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
- Lab for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Lab for Marine Sci. & Tech, Qingdao 266071, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Suhuang Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
- Lab for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Lab for Marine Sci. & Tech, Qingdao 266071, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Lihua Geng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
- Lab for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Lab for Marine Sci. & Tech, Qingdao 266071, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Zhenghong Sui
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Quanbin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
- Lab for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Lab for Marine Sci. & Tech, Qingdao 266071, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China.
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Characteristics of Circadian Rhythm of Blood Pressure during Long-Term Hypertension Development in SHR Rats. Bull Exp Biol Med 2013; 155:612-4. [DOI: 10.1007/s10517-013-2207-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Patients admitted to hospital with chest pain — Changes in a 20-year perspective. Int J Cardiol 2013; 166:141-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2011.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Revised: 10/04/2011] [Accepted: 10/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Arterial stiffness and 24 h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in young healthy volunteers: the early vascular ageing Aristotle University Thessaloniki Study (EVA-ARIS Study). Atherosclerosis 2011; 219:194-9. [PMID: 21840525 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.07.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Revised: 07/12/2011] [Accepted: 07/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Differences in 24 h blood pressure (BP) monitoring parameters such as average 24 h BP, day to night BP ratio and BP variability could have an impact in arterial stiffness. The study hypothesis was that despite similar average BP values in ambulatory blood pressure monitoring subjects with increased 24 h BP variability may have increased arterial stiffness. The study population consisted of 115 consecutive young healthy volunteers. Carotid-femoral PWV was measured in all subjects. Clinic BP was measured and an appropriate cuff was fitted on the non-dominant arm of each subject for a 24 h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring session. Waist to hip ratio as well as BMI was measured. Family history and smoking habits were recorded. In univariate analysis, estimated carotid-femoral PWV showed a significant correlation with age, weight, waist circumference, height, clinic systolic and diastolic BP, 24-h systolic and diastolic BP, 24-h pulse pressure, 24-h systolic and diastolic BP variability, daytime systolic and diastolic BP, daytime pulse pressure, daytime systolic and diastolic BP variability, nighttime systolic BP, nighttime pulse pressure and nighttime systolic BP variability. In multivariate regression analysis, age (B=0.95, P<0.001) and 24 h systolic BP variability (B=0.28, P<0.001) were independent determinanats of arterial stiffness. In conclusions, increased 24 h systolic BP variability is associated with arterial stiffness in young healthy volunteers. Pulse wave velocity in a young healthy population is useful to identify determinants of premature arterial stiffness, thus further elucidating the aspects of early vascular ageing.
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Schmidt B, Schulte-Hahn B, Nowak B, Windhorst V, Windhorst V, Julian Chun KR. Role of Remote Navigation Systems in AF Ablation. J Atr Fibrillation 2011; 3:298. [PMID: 28496685 PMCID: PMC4956076 DOI: 10.4022/jafib.298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2010] [Revised: 12/25/2010] [Accepted: 02/14/2011] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
During the past decade atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation has developed from being an experimental treatment option to an evidence based therapy implemented in current guidelines.[1-2] Irrigated radiofrequency current guided ablations remain the golden standard of pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) procedures. Although practiced more frequently, it remains a demanding procedure requiring skilful operators. Novel technologies such as balloon based catheters or remote navigation (RN) systems have been developed to overcome the pitfalls of manual ablation procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Schmidt
- Cardioangiologisches Centrum Bethanien, Wilhelm-Epstein Str. 4, 60431 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Britta Schulte-Hahn
- Cardioangiologisches Centrum Bethanien, Wilhelm-Epstein Str. 4, 60431 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Bernd Nowak
- Cardioangiologisches Centrum Bethanien, Wilhelm-Epstein Str. 4, 60431 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Verena Windhorst
- Cardioangiologisches Centrum Bethanien, Wilhelm-Epstein Str. 4, 60431 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Verena Windhorst
- Cardioangiologisches Centrum Bethanien, Wilhelm-Epstein Str. 4, 60431 Frankfurt, Germany
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Singh RK. Chronomics and chronobiology in health and disease. Indian J Clin Biochem 2009; 24:319-23. [PMID: 23105857 PMCID: PMC3453051 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-009-0061-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. K. Singh
- Biochemistry Department, Chhatrapati Shahuji Maharaj Medical University (Formerly King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, 226003 India
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Variability of body weight, pulse pressure and glycaemia strongly predict total mortality in elderly type 2 diabetic patients. The Verona Diabetes Study. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2009; 24:624-8. [PMID: 18802932 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ageing is characterized by a decreased functional reserve, a concept defined as homeostenosis. We assessed the impact of long-term exposure to the average value (mean) or to the variability (coefficient of variation) of fasting glycaemia, body mass index (BMI) and pulse pressure on total mortality in a cohort of type 2 diabetic patients. METHODS Fasting glycaemia, BMI and pulse pressure values were collected over a period of 3 years in 1 319 type 2 diabetic patients who were subsequently followed up for 10 years. For each patient, the means and the coefficients of variation of fasting glycaemia, BMI and pulse pressure were computed. The adverse impact of these risk factors on total mortality was assessed in patients aged < 65 years (n = 565) and in those aged > or = 65 years (n = 754), separately. RESULTS During the 10 years of follow-up, 438 patients died. In younger diabetic patients, the means of fasting glycaemia [hazard ratio (HR) of III tertile versus I tertile = 2.11, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.22-3.64], BMI (HR = 1.88, 1.12-3.14) and pulse pressure (HR = 2.36, 1.34-4.16) were independently associated with total mortality, while in older patients they were not. In contrast, the coefficients of variation of glycaemia (HR = 1.56, 1.17-2.08), BMI (HR = 1.34, 1.03-1.75) and pulse pressure (HR = 1.34, 1.03-1.74) independently predicted total mortality only in older patients. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the variability of fasting glycaemia, body weight and blood pressure (BP) is independently associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality in older type 2 diabetic patients. Future studies are required to confirm the reproducibility of our findings.
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Otsuka K, Hotta N, Takasugi E, Yamanaka G, Kubo Y, Cornelissen G, Halberg F. Impaired cardiovascular function predicts mortality from respiratory disorders in the elderly. Hypertens Res 2008; 31:589-91. [PMID: 18633168 DOI: 10.1291/hypres.31.589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Cornélissen G, Halberg J, Halberg F, de la Pena SS, Nelson W, Schwartzkopff O, Stoynev A, Haus E. Schedule shifts, cancer and longevity: good, bad or indifferent? JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS AND ONCOLOGY 2008; 7:263-273. [PMID: 19227006 PMCID: PMC2646176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Prompted by a recent report of the possible carcinogenic effect of shiftwork focusing on the disruption of circadian rhythms, we review studies involving shifts in schedule implemented at varying intervals in unicells, insects and mammals, including humans. Results indicate the desirability to account for a broader-than-circadian view. They also suggest the possibility of optimizing schedule shifts by selecting intervals between consecutive shifts associated with potential side-effects such as an increase in cancer risk. Toward this goal, marker rhythmometry is most desirable. The monitoring of blood pressure and heart rate present the added benefit of assessing cardiovascular disease risks resulting not only from an elevated blood pressure but also from abnormal variability in blood pressure and/or heart rate of normotensive as well as hypertensive subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germaine Cornélissen
- Halberg Chronobiology Center, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. Tel.: +1 612 624 6976; e-mail: and/or
| | - Julia Halberg
- Halberg Chronobiology Center, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. Tel.: +1 612 624 6976; e-mail: and/or
| | - Franz Halberg
- Halberg Chronobiology Center, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. Tel.: +1 612 624 6976; e-mail: and/or
| | | | - Walter Nelson
- Halberg Chronobiology Center, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. Tel.: +1 612 624 6976; e-mail: and/or
| | - Othild Schwartzkopff
- Halberg Chronobiology Center, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. Tel.: +1 612 624 6976; e-mail: and/or
| | | | - Erhard Haus
- Department of Pathology, Regions Hospital, 640 Jackson St., St. Paul, MN 55101, USA
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Abstract
Prehypertension--blood pressure between 120-139/80-89 mmHg--is a major public health concern. The condition is very prevalent (especially in obese young people), is often associated with other cardiovascular risk factors and independently increases the risk of hypertension and subsequent cardiovascular events. In the general population, prehypertension can be lowered, but not often reliably, by lifestyle modifications. Drug therapy for prehypertension is not yet recommended, except for individuals with diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and perhaps known coronary artery disease, because of short-term cost considerations and unproven long-term benefits. Ongoing research will probably identify which individuals with blood pressures in the prehypertensive range, but with no serious comorbidities, would benefit from treatment. In this Review, we attempt to summarize the recently published data concerning the epidemiology, attendant risks and potential treatment options for this important and growing public-health problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Elliott
- Department of Preventive Medicine, RUSH Medical College, RUSH University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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Fišer B, Siegelová J, Pohanka M, Mašek M, Barák J, Moudr J, Cornélissen C, Halberg F. ANALYSIS OF BAROREFLEX FUNCTION BY MEANS OF MATHEMATICAL MODEL. SCRIPTA MEDICA 2007; 80:175-178. [PMID: 19424513 PMCID: PMC2677721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Re-evaluation of all functions of baroreflex by means of a simple mathematical model of circulation was the aim of the present study. The following states are modelled: 1. Rest. 2. Immediately after baroreceptor denervation. 3. Several days after denervation. 4. Physical exercise before denervation. 5. Physical exercise several days after denervation. Despite the same cardiac contractility and the same vasodilatation in working muscles as before denervation the cardiac output is by one third lower after baroreceptor denervation. In conclusion, a model simulation revealed the common regulation of blood pressure and blood volume by baroreflex and kidneys as a primary function of baroreflex.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Fišer
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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Abramson JL, Lewis C, Murrah NV, Anderson GT, Vaccarino V. Relation of C-reactive protein and tumor necrosis factor-alpha to ambulatory blood pressure variability in healthy adults. Am J Cardiol 2006; 98:649-52. [PMID: 16923454 PMCID: PMC1790976 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2006.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2005] [Revised: 03/21/2006] [Accepted: 03/21/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Elevated blood pressure (BP) variability has been linked to an increased risk for adverse cardiovascular events, but the biologic factors that promote elevated BP variability are not entirely understood. This cross-sectional study examined whether inflammatory factors might be associated with elevated BP variability during 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring. Subjects were 140 healthy, normotensive adults. Inflammatory markers included C-reactive protein (CRP) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. BP variability was calculated as the within-subject SD of BP values obtained during the daytime, nighttime, and 24-hour periods. In linear regression models that were adjusted for mean BP and other factors, CRP quartiles were positively associated with daytime systolic BP variability; for subjects in the lowest to highest CRP quartiles, the mean within-subject SDs of daytime systolic BP were 9.31, 9.62, 10.55, and 11.17, respectively (p for linear trend = 0.001). CRP showed similar positive associations with nighttime and 24-hour systolic BP variability. In contrast, tumor necrosis factor-alpha was not independently associated with systolic BP variability during any of the time periods. With respect to diastolic BP variability, significant positive associations were found between CRP and diastolic BP variability during all time periods and between tumor necrosis factor-alpha and daytime diastolic BP variability. In conclusion, there are positive associations between markers of inflammation and BP variability in healthy, normotensive adults, suggesting that inflammation may be 1 of the factors that promotes increased BP variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome L Abramson
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
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Halberg F, Prem K, Halberg F, Norman C, Cornélissen G. Cancer chronomics I. Origins of timed cancer treatment: early marker rhythm-guided individualized chronochemotherapy. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS AND ONCOLOGY 2006; 6:55-61. [PMID: 17228525 PMCID: PMC2581882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A 21-year old patient who presented in 1973 with a rare and highly malignant ovarian endodermal sinus tumor with spillage into the peritoneal cavity is alive and well today after receiving chronochemotherapy. During the first four courses of treatment, medications were given at different circadian stages. Complete blood counts and marker variables such as mood, vigor, nausea, and temperature were monitored around the clock and analyzed by cosinor to seek times of highest tolerance. Remaining treatment courses were administered at a time corresponding to the patient's best drug tolerance, rather than extrapolating the timing of optimal cyclophosphamide administration from also-implemented parallel laboratory studies on mice. Notwithstanding remaining hurdles in bringing chronochemotherapy to the clinic for routine care, merits of marker rhythm-guided chronotherapy documented in this and other case reports have led to the doubling of the two-year disease-free survival of patients with large perioral tumors in a clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz Halberg
- Halberg Chronobiology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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