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Wu K, Li Y, Ma K, Zhao W, Yao Z, Zheng Z, Sun F, Mu X, Liu Z, Zheng J. The microbiota and renal cell carcinoma. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2024; 47:397-413. [PMID: 37878209 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-023-00876-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for about 2% of cancer diagnoses and deaths worldwide. Recent studies emphasized the critical involvement of microbial populations in RCC from oncogenesis, tumor growth, and response to anticancer therapy. Microorganisms have been shown to be involved in various renal physiological and pathological processes by influencing the immune system function, metabolism of the host and pharmaceutical reactions. These findings have extended our understanding and provided more possibilities for the diagnostic or therapeutic development of microbiota, which could function as screening, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers, or be manipulated to prevent RCC progression, boost anticancer drug efficacy and lessen the side effects of therapy. This review aims to present an overview of the roles of microbiota in RCC, including pertinent mechanisms in microbiota-related carcinogenesis, the potential use of the microbiota as RCC biomarkers, and the possibility of modifying the microbiota for RCC prevention or treatment. According to these scientific findings, the clinical translation of microbiota is expected to improve the diagnosis and treatment of RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaorong Li
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kangli Ma
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiguang Zhao
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhixian Yao
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhong Zheng
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Sun
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingyu Mu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihong Liu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Junhua Zheng
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Wyrsch ER, Hoye BJ, Sanderson-Smith M, Gorman J, Maute K, Cummins ML, Jarocki VM, Marenda MS, Dolejska M, Djordjevic SP. The faecal microbiome of the Australian silver gull contains phylogenetically diverse ExPEC, aEPEC and Escherichia coli carrying the transmissible locus of stress tolerance. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 919:170815. [PMID: 38336047 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Wildlife are implicated in the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance, but their roles as hosts for Escherichia coli that pose a threat to human and animal health is limited. Gulls (family Laridae) in particular, are known to carry diverse lineages of multiple-antibiotic resistant E. coli, including extra-intestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC). Whole genome sequencing of 431 E. coli isolates from 69 healthy Australian silver gulls (Chroicocephalus novaehollandiae) sampled during the 2019 breeding season, and without antibiotic selection, was undertaken to assess carriage in an urban wildlife population. Phylogenetic analysis and genotyping resolved 123 sequence types (STs) representing most phylogroups, and identified diverse ExPEC, including an expansive phylogroup B2 cluster comprising 103 isolates (24 %; 31 STs). Analysis of the mobilome identified: i) widespread carriage of the Yersinia High Pathogenicity Island (HPI), a key ExPEC virulence determinant; ii) broad distribution of two novel phage elements, each carrying sitABCD and iii) carriage of the transmissible locus of stress tolerance (tLST), an element linked to sanitation resistance. Of the 169 HPI carrying isolates, 49 (48 %) represented diverse B2 isolates hosting FII-64 ColV-like plasmids that lacked iutABC and sitABC operons typical of ColV plasmids, but carried the serine protease autotransporter gene, sha. Diverse E. coli also carried archetypal ColV plasmids (52 isolates; 12 %). Clusters of closely related E. coli (<50 SNVs) from ST58, ST457 and ST746, sourced from healthy gulls, humans, and companion animals, were frequently identified. In summary, anthropogenically impacted gulls host an expansive E. coli population, including: i) putative ExPEC that carry ColV virulence gene cargo (101 isolates; 23.4 %) and HPI (169 isolates; 39 %); ii) atypical enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) (17 isolates; 3.9 %), and iii) E. coli that carry the tLST (20 isolates; 4.6 %). Gulls play an important role in the evolution and transmission of E. coli that impact human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan R Wyrsch
- Australian Institute for Microbiology and Infection, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Bethany J Hoye
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Martina Sanderson-Smith
- Molecular Horizons Research Institute, School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Jody Gorman
- Molecular Horizons Research Institute, School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Kimberly Maute
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Max L Cummins
- Australian Institute for Microbiology and Infection, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Veronica M Jarocki
- Australian Institute for Microbiology and Infection, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Marc S Marenda
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, VIC 3030, Australia
| | - Monika Dolejska
- Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Czech Republic; CEITEC VETUNI, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, The University Hospital Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital in Plzen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Steven P Djordjevic
- Australian Institute for Microbiology and Infection, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia.
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Rosen AL, Lint MA, Voelker DH, Gilbert NM, Tomera CP, Santiago-Borges J, Wallace MA, Hannan TJ, Burnham CAD, Hultgren SJ, Kau AL. Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor protects against severe urinary tract infection in mice. mBio 2024; 15:e0255423. [PMID: 38270443 PMCID: PMC10865866 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02554-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Millions suffer from urinary tract infections (UTIs) worldwide every year with women accounting for the majority of cases. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) causes most of these primary infections and leads to 25% becoming recurrent or chronic. To repel invading pathogens, the urinary tract mounts a vigorous innate immune response that includes the secretion of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), rapid recruitment of phagocytes, and exfoliation of superficial umbrella cells. Here, we investigate secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI), an AMP with antiprotease, antimicrobial, and immunomodulatory functions, known to play protective roles at other mucosal sites, but not well characterized in UTIs. Using a preclinical model of UPEC-caused UTI, we show that urine SLPI increases in infected mice and that SLPI is localized to bladder epithelial cells. UPEC-infected SLPI-deficient (Slpi-/-) mice suffer from higher urine bacterial burdens, prolonged bladder inflammation, and elevated urine neutrophil elastase (NE) levels compared to wild-type (Slpi+/+) controls. Combined with bulk bladder RNA sequencing, our data indicate that Slpi-/- mice have a dysregulated immune and tissue repair response following UTI. We also measure SLPI in urine samples from a small group of female subjects 18-49 years old and find that SLPI tends to be higher in the presence of a uropathogen, except in patients with a history of recent or recurrent UTI, suggesting a dysregulation of SLPI expression in these women. Taken together, our findings show SLPI promotes clearance of UPEC in mice and provides preliminary evidence that SLPI is likewise regulated in response to uropathogen exposure in women.IMPORTANCEAnnually, millions of people suffer from urinary tract infections (UTIs) and more than $3 billion are spent on work absences and treatment of these patients. While the early response to UTI is known to be important in combating urinary pathogens, knowledge of host factors that help curb infection is still limited. Here, we use a preclinical model of UTI to study secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI), an antimicrobial protein, to determine how it protects the bladder against infection. We find that SLPI is increased during UTI, accelerates the clearance of bacteriuria, and upregulates genes and pathways needed to fight an infection while preventing prolonged bladder inflammation. In a small clinical study, we show SLPI is readily detectable in human urine and is associated with the presence of a uropathogen in patients without a previous history of UTI, suggesting SLPI may play an important role in protecting from bacterial cystitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne L. Rosen
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Center for Women’s Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Michael A. Lint
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Center for Women’s Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Dayne H. Voelker
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Center for Women’s Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Nicole M. Gilbert
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Christopher P. Tomera
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Center for Women’s Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jesús Santiago-Borges
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Center for Women’s Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Meghan A. Wallace
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Thomas J. Hannan
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Carey-Ann D. Burnham
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Scott J. Hultgren
- Center for Women’s Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Andrew L. Kau
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Center for Women’s Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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4
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Rosen AL, Lint MA, Voelker DH, Gilbert NM, Tomera CP, Santiago-Borges J, Wallace MA, Hannan TJ, Burnham CAD, Hultgren SJ, Kau AL. Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor Protects Against Severe Urinary Tract Infection in Mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.10.561753. [PMID: 37873489 PMCID: PMC10592744 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.10.561753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Millions suffer from urinary tract infections (UTIs) worldwide every year with women accounting for the majority of cases. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) causes most of these primary infections and leads to 25% becoming recurrent or chronic. To repel invading pathogens, the urinary tract mounts a vigorous innate immune response that includes the secretion of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), rapid recruitment of phagocytes and exfoliation of superficial umbrella cells. Here, we investigate secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI), an AMP with antiprotease, antimicrobial and immunomodulatory functions, known to play protective roles at other mucosal sites, but not well characterized in UTIs. Using a mouse model of UPEC-caused UTI, we show that urine SLPI increases in infected mice and that SLPI is localized to bladder epithelial cells. UPEC infected SLPI-deficient (Slpi-/-) mice suffer from higher urine bacterial burdens, prolonged bladder inflammation, and elevated urine neutrophil elastase (NE) levels compared to wild-type (Slpi+/+) controls. Combined with bulk bladder RNA sequencing, our data indicate that Slpi-/- mice have a dysregulated immune and tissue repair response following UTI. We also measure SLPI in urine samples from a small group of female subjects 18-49 years old and find that SLPI tends to be higher in the presence of a uropathogen, except in patients with history of recent or recurrent UTI (rUTI), suggesting a dysregulation of SLPI expression in these women. Taken together, our findings show SLPI protects against acute UTI in mice and provides preliminary evidence that SLPI is likewise regulated in response to uropathogen exposure in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne L. Rosen
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Center for Women’s Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Michael A. Lint
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Center for Women’s Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Dayne H. Voelker
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Center for Women’s Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Nicole M. Gilbert
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Christopher P. Tomera
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Center for Women’s Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Jesús Santiago-Borges
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Center for Women’s Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Meghan A. Wallace
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Thomas J. Hannan
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Carey-Ann D. Burnham
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Scott J. Hultgren
- Center for Women’s Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Andrew L. Kau
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Center for Women’s Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
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Samanta P, Doerksen RJ. Identifying FmlH lectin-binding small molecules for the prevention of Escherichia coli-induced urinary tract infections using hybrid fragment-based design and molecular docking. Comput Biol Med 2023; 163:107072. [PMID: 37329611 PMCID: PMC10810094 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.107072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Nearly 50% of women are affected by urinary tract infections (UTIs) during their lifetimes. The most common agent to cause UTIs is Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). UPEC expresses fibers known as chaperone-usher pathway pili with adhesins that specifically bind to receptors as they colonize various host tissues. UPEC uses an F9/Yde/Fml pilus, tipped with FmlH, which interacts with terminal galactoside/galactosaminoside units in glycoproteins in the epithelial cells of the bladder and kidney. The extensive use of traditional antibiotics has led to the rise of various antibiotic-resistant strains of UPEC. An alternative therapeutic approach is to use an anti-adhesion strategy mediated by competitive tight-binding FmlH inhibitors. In the current study, we have applied various computational modeling techniques, including fragment-based e-pharmacophore virtual screening, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations and binding free energy calculations for the design of small molecules that exhibit binding to FmlH. Our modeling protocol successfully predicted ligand moieties, such as a thiazole group, which were previously found as components of UPEC adhesin pili inhibitors, thereby validating our designed screening protocol. The screening protocol developed here could be utilized for design of ligands for other homologous protein targets. We also identified several novel galactosaminoside-containing molecules that, according to the computational modeling, are predicted to interact strongly with FmlH and hence we predict will be good FmlH inhibitors. Additionally, we have prepared and supplied a database of ∼190K small molecules obtained from virtual screening, which can serve as an excellent resource for the discovery of novel FmlH inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Samanta
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677-1848, USA
| | - Robert J Doerksen
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677-1848, USA; Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677-1848, USA.
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Van Eyssen SR, Samarkina A, Isbilen O, Zeden MS, Volkan E. FimH and Type 1 Pili Mediated Tumor Cell Cytotoxicity by Uropathogenic Escherichia coli In Vitro. Pathogens 2023; 12:751. [PMID: 37375441 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12060751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Uropathogenic Escherichia coli express hairlike proteinaceous surface projections, known as chaperone-usher pathway (CUP) pili. Type 1 pili are CUP pili with well-established pathogenic properties. The FimH adhesin subunit of type 1 pili plays a key role in the pathogenesis of urinary tract infections (UTIs) as it mediates the adhesion of the bacteria to urothelial cells of the bladder. In this study, two breast cancer cell lines, MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7, were used to demonstrate the cytotoxic activities of type 1 piliated uropathogenic E. coli UTI89 on breast cancer cells in a type 1 pili and FimH-mediated manner. E. coli were grown in static and shaking conditions to induce or inhibit optimal type 1 pili biogenesis, respectively. Deletion constructs of UTI89 ΔfimH and a complemented strain (UTI89 ΔfimH/pfimH) were further utilized to genetically assess the effect of type 1 pili and FimH on cancer cell viability. After incubation with the different strains, cytotoxicity was measured using trypan blue exclusion assays. UTI89 grown statically caused significant cytotoxicity in both breast cancer cell lines whereas cytotoxicity was reduced when the cells were incubated with bacteria grown under shaking conditions. The incubation of both MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 with UTI89 Δfim operon or ΔfimH showed a significant reduction in cytotoxicity exerted by the bacterial strains, revealing that type 1 pili expression was necessary for cytotoxicity. Complementing the ΔfimH strain with pfimH reversed the phenotype, leading to a significant increase in cytotoxicity. Incubating type 1 pili expressing bacteria with the competitive FimH inhibitor D-mannose before cancer cell treatment also led to a significant reduction in cytotoxicity on both MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cancer cells, compared to vehicle control or D-mannose alone, indicating the requirement for functional FimH for cytotoxicity. Overall, our results reveal that, as opposed to UTI89 lacking type 1 pili, type 1 piliated UTI89 causes significant cancer cell mortality in a FimH-mediated manner, that is decreased with D-mannose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelly Roselyn Van Eyssen
- Biotechnology Research Center, Cyprus International University, Northern Cyprus, Mersin 10, 99258 Nicosia, Turkey
| | - Anastasia Samarkina
- Biotechnology Research Center, Cyprus International University, Northern Cyprus, Mersin 10, 99258 Nicosia, Turkey
| | - Ovgu Isbilen
- Biotechnology Research Center, Cyprus International University, Northern Cyprus, Mersin 10, 99258 Nicosia, Turkey
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cyprus International University, Northern Cyprus, Mersin 10, 99258 Nicosia, Turkey
| | - Merve Suzan Zeden
- Biotechnology Research Center, Cyprus International University, Northern Cyprus, Mersin 10, 99258 Nicosia, Turkey
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Galway, H91TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Ender Volkan
- Biotechnology Research Center, Cyprus International University, Northern Cyprus, Mersin 10, 99258 Nicosia, Turkey
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cyprus International University, Northern Cyprus, Mersin 10, 99258 Nicosia, Turkey
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Rathi B, Gupta S, Kumar P, Kesarwani V, Dhanda RS, Kushwaha SK, Yadav M. Anti-biofilm activity of caffeine against uropathogenic E. coli is mediated by curli biogenesis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18903. [PMID: 36344808 PMCID: PMC9640630 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23647-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are assemblages of sessile microorganisms that form an extracellular matrix around themselves and mediate attachment to surfaces. The major component of the extracellular matrix of Uropathogenic E. coli and other Enterobacteriaceae are curli fibers, making biofilms robust and resistant to antimicrobials. It is therefore imperative to screen antibiofilm compounds that can impair biofilm formation. In the present study, we investigated the curli-dependent antibiofilm activity of caffeine against UPEC strain CFT073 and commensal strain E. coli K-12MG1655.Caffeine significantly reduced the biofilm formation of both UPEC and E. coli K-12 by 86.58% and 91.80% respectively at 48 mM caffeine as determined by Crystal Violet assay. These results were further confirmed by fluorescence microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Caffeine significantly reduced the cytotoxicity and survivability of UPEC. Molecular docking analysis revealed a strong interaction between caffeine and curli regulator protein (Csg D) of E. coli. The qRT-PCR data also showed significant downregulation in the expression of CsgBA and the CsgDEFG operon at both 24 mM and 48 mM caffeine. The findings revealed that caffeine could inhibit E. coli biofilm formation by regulating curli assembly and thus may be used as an alternative therapeutic strategy for the treatment of chronic E. coli biofilm-related infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhawna Rathi
- grid.8195.50000 0001 2109 4999Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, 110007 India
| | - Surbhi Gupta
- grid.8195.50000 0001 2109 4999Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, 110007 India
| | - Parveen Kumar
- grid.265892.20000000106344187Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | | | | | - Sandeep Kumar Kushwaha
- grid.508105.90000 0004 1798 2821DBT-National Institute of Animal Biotechnology (NIAB), Hyderabad, India
| | - Manisha Yadav
- grid.8195.50000 0001 2109 4999Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, 110007 India ,grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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Holmbom M, Möller V, Kristinsdottir L, Nilsson M, Rashid MU, Fredrikson M, Berglund B, Östholm Balkhed Å. Risk factors and outcome due to extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing uropathogenic Escherichia coli in community-onset bloodstream infections: A ten-year cohort study in Sweden. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0277054. [PMID: 36327255 PMCID: PMC9632835 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To study clinical outcome and risk factors associated with extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) in community-onset bloodstream infections (CO-BSI). Methods This was a population-based cohort study including patients with pheno- and genotype-matched ESBL-producing E. coli and non-ESBL- E. coli in urine and blood samples collected in 2009–2018 in southeast Sweden. Seventy-seven episodes of ESBL-UPEC satisfying the inclusion criteria were matched 1:1 with 77 non-ESBL-UPEC for age, gender, and year of culture. Results The most common ST-type and ESBL gene was ST131 (55%), and blaCTX-M-15 (47%), respectively. Risk factors for ESBL-UPEC were: previous genitourinary invasive procedure (RR 4.66; p = 0.005) or history of ESBL-producing E. coli (RR 12.14; p = 0.024). There was significant difference between ESBL-UPEC and non-ESBL-UPEC regarding time to microbiologically appropriate antibiotic therapy (27:15 h vs. 02:14 h; p = <0.001) and hospital days (9 vs. 5; p = <0.001), but no difference in 30-day mortality (3% vs. 3%; p = >0.999) or sepsis within 36 hours (51% vs. 62%; p = 0.623) was observed. Conclusion The predominant risk factors for ESBL-UPEC were history of ESBL-Ec infection and history of genitourinary invasive procedure. The overall mortality was low and the delay in appropriate antibiotic therapy did not increase the risk for 30-day mortality or risk for sepsis within 36 hours among patients infected with ESBL UPEC. However, these results must be regarded with some degree of caution due to the small sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Holmbom
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Urology and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Vidar Möller
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Loa Kristinsdottir
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Maud Nilsson
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Mamun-Ur Rashid
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linkoping University, Linkoping, Sweden
| | - Mats Fredrikson
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences and Forum Östergötland, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Björn Berglund
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Åse Östholm Balkhed
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Song CH, Kim YH, Naskar M, Hayes BW, Abraham MA, Noh JH, Suk G, Kim MJ, Cho KS, Shin M, Lee EJ, Abraham SN, Choi HW. Lactobacillus crispatus Limits Bladder Uropathogenic E. coli Infection by Triggering a Host Type I Interferon Response. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2117904119. [PMID: 35939684 PMCID: PMC9388105 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2117904119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Many urinary tract infections (UTIs) are recurrent because uropathogens persist within the bladder epithelial cells (BECs) for extended periods between bouts of infection. Because persistent uropathogens are intracellular, they are often refractive to antibiotic treatment. The recent discovery of endogenous Lactobacillus spp. in the bladders of healthy humans raised the question of whether these endogenous bacteria directly or indirectly impact intracellular bacterial burden in the bladder. Here, we report that in contrast to healthy women, female patients experiencing recurrent UTIs have a bladder population of Lactobacilli that is markedly reduced. Exposing infected human BECs to L. crispatus in vitro markedly reduced the intracellular uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) load. The adherence of Lactobacilli to BECs was found to result in increased type I interferon (IFN) production, which in turn enhanced the expression of cathepsin D within lysosomes harboring UPECs. This lysosomal cathepsin D-mediated UPEC killing was diminished in germ-free mice and type I IFN receptor-deficient mice. Secreted metabolites of L. crispatus seemed to be responsible for the increased expression of type I IFN in human BECs. Intravesicular administration of Lactobacilli into UPEC-infected murine bladders markedly reduced their intracellular bacterial load suggesting that components of the endogenous microflora can have therapeutic effects against UTIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Hyun Song
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Young Ho Kim
- Department of Urology, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon-si, 14584, South Korea
| | - Manisha Naskar
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Byron W Hayes
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Mathew A Abraham
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Joo Hwan Noh
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Gyeongseo Suk
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Kyu Sang Cho
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Minhye Shin
- Department of Microbiology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, 22212, South Korea
| | - Eun-Jin Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Soman N Abraham
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
- Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Hae Woong Choi
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
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Hudson RE, Job KM, Sayre CL, Krepkova LV, Sherwin CM, Enioutina EY. Examination of Complementary Medicine for Treating Urinary Tract Infections Among Pregnant Women and Children. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:883216. [PMID: 35571128 PMCID: PMC9094615 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.883216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a significant clinical problem that pregnant women and children commonly experience. Escherichia coli is the primary causative organism, along with several other gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Antimicrobial drugs are commonly prescribed to treat UTIs in these patients. Conventional treatment can range from using broad-spectrum antimicrobial drugs for empirical or prophylactic therapy or patient-tailored therapy based on urinary cultures and sensitivity to prospective antibiotics. The ongoing emergence of multi-drug resistant pathogens has raised concerns related to commonly prescribed antimicrobial drugs such as those used routinely to treat UTIs. Consequently, several natural medicines have been explored as potential complementary therapies to improve health outcomes in patients with UTIs. This review discusses the effectiveness of commonly used natural products such as cranberry juice/extracts, ascorbic acid, hyaluronic acid, probiotics, and multi-component formulations intended to treat and prevent UTIs. The combination of natural products with prescribed antimicrobial treatments and use of formulations that contained high amounts of cranberry extracts appear to be most effective in preventing recurrent UTIs (RUTIs). The incorporation of natural products like cranberry, hyaluronic acid, ascorbic acid, probiotics, Canephron® N, and Cystenium II to conventional treatments of acute UTIs or as a prophylactic regimen for treatment RUTIs can benefit both pregnant women and children. Limited information is available on the safety of natural products in these patients' populations. However, based on limited historical information, these remedies appear to be safe and well-tolerated by patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E. Hudson
- Department of Pediatrics, Post-Doctoral Fellow, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Kathleen M. Job
- Department of Pediatrics, Research Assistant Professor, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Casey L. Sayre
- Department of Pediatrics, Research Assistant Professor, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- College of Pharmacy, Roseman University of Health Sciences, South Jordan, UT, United States
| | - Lubov V. Krepkova
- Head of Toxicology Department, Center of Medicine, All-Russian Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (VILAR), Moscow, Russia
| | - Catherine M. Sherwin
- Department of Pediatrics, Vice-Chair for Research, Professor, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine/Dayton Children’s Hospital, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - Elena Y. Enioutina
- Department of Pediatrics, Research Assistant Professor, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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11
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Rebrošová K, Bernatová S, Šiler M, Uhlirova M, Samek O, Ježek J, Holá V, Růžička F, Zemanek P. Raman spectroscopy-a tool for rapid differentiation among microbes causing urinary tract infections. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1191:339292. [PMID: 35033248 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.339292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Urinary tract infections belong to the most common infections in the world. Besides community-acquired infections, nosocomial infections pose a high risk especially for patients having indwelling catheters, undergoing urological surgeries or staying at hospital for prolonged time. They can be often complicated by antimicrobial resistance and/or biofilm formation. Therefore, a rapid diagnostic tool enabling timely identification of a causative agent and its susceptibility to antimicrobials is a need. Raman spectroscopy appears to be a suitable method that allows rapid differentiation among microbes and provides a space for further analyses, such as determination of capability of biofilm formation or antimicrobial susceptibility/resistance in tested strains. Our work here presents a possibility to differ among most common microbes causing urinary tract infections (belonging to 20 species). We tested 254 strains directly from colonies grown on Mueller-Hinton agar plates. The results show that it is possible to distinguish among the tested species using Raman spectroscopy, which proves its great potential for future use in clinical diagnostics. Moreover, we present here a pilot study of a real-time analysis and identification (in less than 10 min) of single microbial cells directly in urine employing optical tweezers combined with Raman spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarína Rebrošová
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine of Masaryk University and St. Anne's, University Hospital, Pekařská 53, Brno, 65691, Czech Republic.
| | - Silvie Bernatová
- Institute of Scientific Instruments of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Královopolská 147, Brno, 61264, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Šiler
- Institute of Scientific Instruments of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Královopolská 147, Brno, 61264, Czech Republic.
| | - Magdalena Uhlirova
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic, Palackého tř. 1946/1, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Ota Samek
- Institute of Scientific Instruments of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Královopolská 147, Brno, 61264, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Ježek
- Institute of Scientific Instruments of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Královopolská 147, Brno, 61264, Czech Republic.
| | - Veronika Holá
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine of Masaryk University and St. Anne's, University Hospital, Pekařská 53, Brno, 65691, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Růžička
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine of Masaryk University and St. Anne's, University Hospital, Pekařská 53, Brno, 65691, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Zemanek
- Institute of Scientific Instruments of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Královopolská 147, Brno, 61264, Czech Republic.
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Extraction of Chitosan from Crab Shell and Fungi and Its Antibacterial Activity against Urinary Tract Infection Causing Pathogens. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.15.2.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, shells of sea crab and fungus Aspergillus niger were subjected for chitosan extraction which has been done following demineralization, deproteination and deacetylation. Chitosan yield from crab shell and fungi was 37.5% and 39.3% respectively and water binding capacity was 58.44% and 60.21% respectively. The extracted chitosan was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and subjected for antibacterial activity against Urinary tract infection (UTI) pathogens – Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis and E. coli. Chitosan of crab shell showed better antibacterial activity than fungal derived chitosan. Chitosan gel was prepared using the extracted chitosan where it was also showing good antibacterial activity.
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13
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Karam J, Méresse S, Kremer L, Daher W. The roles of tetraspanins in bacterial infections. Cell Microbiol 2020; 22:e13260. [PMID: 32902857 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tetraspanins, a wide family composed of 33 transmembrane proteins, are associated with different types of proteins through which they arbitrate important cellular processes such as fusion, adhesion, invasion, tissue differentiation and immunological responses. Tetraspanins share a comparable structural design, which consists of four hydrophobic transmembrane domains with cytoplasmic and extracellular loops. They cooperate with different proteins, including other tetraspanins, receptors or signalling proteins to compose functional complexes at the cell surface, designated tetraspanin-enriched microdomains (TEM). Increasing evidences establish that tetraspanins are exploited by numerous intracellular pathogens as a doorway for entering and replicating within human cells. Although previous surveys focused mainly on viruses and parasites, it is now becoming clear that bacteria interact with tetraspanins, using TEM as a "gateway" to infection. In this review, we examine the biological functions of tetraspanins that are relevant to bacterial infective procedures and consider the available data that reveal how different bacteria benefit from host cell tetraspanins in infection and in the pathogenesis of diseases. We will also emphasise the stimulating potentials of targeting tetraspanins for preventing bacterial infectious diseases, using specific neutralising antibodies or anti-adhesion peptide-based therapies. Such innovative therapeutic opportunities may deliver alternatives for fighting difficult-to-manage and drug-resistant bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jona Karam
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9004, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Laurent Kremer
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9004, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,INSERM, IRIM, Montpellier, France
| | - Wassim Daher
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 9004, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,INSERM, IRIM, Montpellier, France
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14
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Tseng CC, Lin WH, Wu AB, Wang MC, Teng CH, Wu JJ. Escherichia coli FimH adhesins act synergistically with PapGII adhesins for enhancing establishment and maintenance of kidney infection. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2020; 55:44-50. [PMID: 33023843 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND FimH adhesin is proposed to enhance Escherichia coli kidney infection by acting with PapGII adhesin, but genetic epidemiology study and animal study have not been widely conducted to confirm this hypothesis. METHODS We compared the prevalence of adhesin gene and their coexistent pattern between upper and lower urinary tract infection (UTI) strains. fimH mutant (EC114FM), papGII mutant (EC114PM) and fimH/papGII double mutant (EC114DM) were constructed from a pylonephritogenic strain (EC114). We compared among these strains for the infection ability in bladders and kidneys of female BALB/c mice challenged transurethrally with these bacteria and assessed 1, 3, and 7 days after inoculation. RESULTS Strains carrying fimH-only genotype were significantly more prevalent in lower UTI (P < 0.001). Strains carrying the fimH/papGII, but not papGII-only, were significantly associated with upper UTI (P = 0.001). Incidence of kidney infection increased after inoculation with EC114 on days 1 and 3, at both low and high dose, as compared with EC114DM; and the effect was greater than the sum of individual effect of EC114PM and EC114FM. Geometric means of quantitative bacterial counts in the kidneys significantly decreased when challenged with EC114FM on days 3 and 7, EC114PM on day 3 and EC114DM on day 1 after inoculation at high dose, as compared with EC114 (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS We confirmed the advantage and synergistic action of FimH and PapGII for E. coli kidney infection and concluded that antagonists against FimH and PapGII adhesin may prevent kidney infection and enable its management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Chung Tseng
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Hung Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - An-Bang Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Cheng Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hao Teng
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Jong Wu
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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15
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Pandey NK, Verma G, Kushwaha GS, Suar M, Bhavesh NS. Crystal structure of the usher chaperone YadV reveals a monomer with the proline lock in closed conformation suggestive of an intermediate state. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:3057-3066. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nishant Kumar Pandey
- Transcription Regulation Group International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB) New Delhi India
- School of Biotechnology Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), (Deemed to be University) Bhubaneswar India
| | - Garima Verma
- Transcription Regulation Group International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB) New Delhi India
| | - Gajraj Singh Kushwaha
- Transcription Regulation Group International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB) New Delhi India
| | - Mrutyunjay Suar
- School of Biotechnology Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), (Deemed to be University) Bhubaneswar India
| | - Neel Sarovar Bhavesh
- Transcription Regulation Group International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB) New Delhi India
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16
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Wnorowska U, Piktel E, Durnaś B, Fiedoruk K, Savage PB, Bucki R. Use of ceragenins as a potential treatment for urinary tract infections. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:369. [PMID: 31046689 PMCID: PMC6498624 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-3994-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common bacterial infections. High recurrence rates and the increasing antibiotic resistance among uropathogens constitute a large social and economic problem in current public health. We assumed that combination of treatment that includes the administration ceragenins (CSAs), will reinforce the effect of antimicrobial LL-37 peptide continuously produced by urinary tract epithelial cells. Such treatment might be an innovative approach to enhance innate antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant E. coli. METHODS Antibacterial activity measured using killing assays. Biofilm formation was assessed using crystal violet staining. Viability of bacteria and bladder epithelial cells subjected to incubation with tested agents was determined using MTT assays. We investigated the effects of chosen molecules, both alone and in combinations against four clinical strains of E. coli, obtained from patients diagnosed with recurrent UTI. RESULTS We observed that the LL-37 peptide, whose concentration increases at sites of urinary infection, exerts increased bactericidal effect against E. coli when combined with ceragenins CSA-13 and CSA-131. CONCLUSION We suggest that the employment of combination of natural peptide LL-37 with synthetic analogs might be a potential solution to treat urinary tract infections caused by drug-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Wnorowska
- Department of Microbiological and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Ewelina Piktel
- Department of Microbiological and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Bonita Durnaś
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Faculty of Health Sciences of the Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, 25-001, Kielce, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Fiedoruk
- Department of Microbiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Paul B Savage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Robert Bucki
- Department of Microbiological and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2c, 15-222, Bialystok, Poland.
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Linninge C, Xu J, Bahl MI, Ahrné S, Molin G. Lactobacillus fermentum and Lactobacillus plantarum increased gut microbiota diversity and functionality, and mitigated Enterobacteriaceae, in a mouse model. Benef Microbes 2019; 10:413-424. [PMID: 30957532 DOI: 10.3920/bm2018.0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics should bring 'balance' to the intestinal microbiota by stimulating beneficial bacteria, whilst mitigating adverse ones. Balance can also be interpreted as high alpha-diversity. Contrary, Escherichia coli is often regarded as an adverse component of the resident intestinal microbiota. The aim of the present study was to implement a mouse model for in vivo screening of Lactobacillus-strains for ability to increase gut-microbiota diversity and to mitigate E. coli. Mice were divided into six groups, two dietary control-groups and four groups administered strains of Lactobacillus fermentum and/or Lactobacillus plantarum. All animals were pre-treated with antibiotics, and E. coli in order to equalise the microbiota from the start. After 7 weeks of Lactobacillus administration, the animals were sacrificed: DNA was extracted from caecum tissue, and the microbiota composition was analysed with terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The diversity of the caecal microbiota decreased when the dietary carbohydrate source was limited to corn starch. Conversely, the diversity was restored by Lactobacillus-supplements. The tested combinations of two Lactobacillus strains exerted different influences, not only on the taxonomic level, but also on the inferred microbiome functions. The mixture of L. fermentum GOS47 and L. fermentum GOS1 showed potential for anti-inflammatory activity and short chain fatty acid production. On the other hand, co-administration of L. fermentum GOS57 and L. plantarum GOS42 significantly decreased the viable count of Enterobacteriaceae. These results warrant further investigation of the tested strains as candidates for probiotics. Furthermore, the findings demonstrated that the current experimental animal model is suitable for in vivo studies of the effect of bacterial supplements on the gut-microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Linninge
- 1 Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden.,4 BioGaia AB, Mobilvägen 10, 22362 Lund, Sweden
| | - J Xu
- 2 Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, 582 25 Linköping, Sweden
| | - M I Bahl
- 3 National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - S Ahrné
- 1 Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - G Molin
- 1 Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
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Lee DS, Lee SJ, Choe HS. Community-Acquired Urinary Tract Infection by Escherichia coli in the Era of Antibiotic Resistance. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:7656752. [PMID: 30356438 PMCID: PMC6178185 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7656752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by Escherichia coli (E. coli) are the most common types of infections in women. The antibiotic resistance of E. coli is increasing rapidly, causing physicians to hesitate when selecting oral antibiotics. In this review, our objective is to ensure that clinicians understand the current seriousness of antibiotic-resistant E. coli, the mechanisms by which resistance is selected for, and methods that can be used to prevent antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Sup Lee
- Department of Urology, St. Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Ju Lee
- Department of Urology, St. Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Sop Choe
- Department of Urology, St. Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Republic of Korea
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Role of class II P fimbriae and cytokine response in the pathogenesis of Escherichia coli kidney infection in diabetic mice. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2018; 51:492-499. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2016] [Revised: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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20
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Ostrovsky DA. Cranberry Capsules do not Appear to Reduce Bacteriuria and Pyuria in Elderly Women Residing in Nursing Homes. Explore (NY) 2017; 13:226-227. [DOI: 10.1016/j.explore.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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21
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Maroyi A. A review of ethnoboatany, therapeutic value, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Crinum macowanii Baker: A highly traded bulbous plant in Southern Africa. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 194:595-608. [PMID: 27773801 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Crinum macowanii is a deciduous bulbous plant which grows in east, central and southern Africa. Crinum macowanii has been used as herbal medicine by the indigenous people of east and southern Africa has for several centuries. The bulb, leaves and roots of C. macowanii are reported to possess diverse medicinal properties and used to treat or manage various human and animal diseases and ailments throughout its distributional range. Crinum macowanii is used traditionally as a remedy for boils, diarrhoea, fever, inflammation, respiratory system problems, skin rashes, tuberculosis, wounds and urinary tract problems. AIM OF THE REVIEW The present review aims to summarize comprehensively the research that has been done on the ethnomedicinal uses, botany, phytochemistry and pharmacology of C. macowanii in different locations throughout its geographical range in east, central and southern African region so as to highlight research gaps and provide a foundation for further investigations on the plant species. MATERIALS AND METHODS A review of the literature was undertaken and an in-depth analysis of previous research on ethnobotany, therapeutic value, phytochemistry and pharmacology of C. macowanii throughout its distributional range in east, central and southern Africa. Literature sources included papers published in international journals, reports from international, regional and national organizations, conference papers, books, theses, websites and other grey literature. Electronic search engines such as Google, Google scholar, publishing sites such as Elsevier, scienceDirect, BMC, PubMed and other scientific database sites such as ChemSpider, PubChem were used as well as searching the library collections of the National Herbarium and Botanic Gardens (SRGH), Harare, Zimbabwe and the University of Fort Hare, South Africa. RESULTS A total of 32 ethnomedicinal uses of C. macowanii are documented in literature, which can be grouped into seven major ethnomedicinal general purpose usages, namely "fever", "wounds, sores and skin rashes", "boils and inflammation", "respiratory system problems", "blood cleansing", "urinary tract problem" and "veterinary uses". The chemical composition of C. macowanii is dominated by various isoquinoline alkaloids, which have been isolated from the bulbs, flowering stalks, leaves and roots. Major biological activities demonstrated by C. macowanii include antifungal, antiviral and antiplasmodial activities, cardiovascular effects as well as effects on the central nervous system. The population of C. macowanii is declining in the wild as the bulbs are over-collected for sale in medicinal (muthi) markets in southern Africa. CONCLUSION A literature search revealed that C. macowanii has a lot of potential as a possible source of pharmaceutical products for the treatment of a wide range of human and animal diseases and ailments. Some of the alkaloids isolated from C. macowanii have demonstrated various biological activities when investigated in in vitro assays. However, some of the ethnomedicinal uses of C. macowanii still require pharmacological investigations. Therefore, further studies are required to improve our knowledge about the mechanisms of action, efficacy, toxicity and clinical relevance of the plant species as well as its bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred Maroyi
- Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa.
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Lee Y, Lee DG, Lee SH, Yoo KH. Risk Factor Analysis of Ciprofloxacin-Resistant and Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamases Pathogen-Induced Acute Bacterial Prostatitis in Korea. J Korean Med Sci 2016; 31:1808-1813. [PMID: 27709861 PMCID: PMC5056215 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2016.31.11.1808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to investigate risk factors and the incidence of ciprofloxacin resistance and extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) in patients with acute bacterial prostatitis (ABP). We reviewed the medical records of 307 patients who were diagnosed with ABP between January 2006 and December 2015. The etiologic pathogens and risk factors for ciprofloxacin-resistant E. coli and ESBL-producing microbes, susceptibility to ciprofloxacin, and the incidence of ESBL in patients with ABP were described. History of prior urologic manipulation was an independent risk factor for ciprofloxacin-resistant (P = 0.005) and ESBL-producing microbes (P = 0.005). Advanced age (over 60 years) was an independent risk factor for ciprofloxacin-resistant microbes (P = 0.022). The ciprofloxacin susceptibility for Escherichia coli in groups without prior manipulation was documented 85.7%. For groups with prior manipulation, the susceptibility was 10.0%. Incidence of ESBL-producing microbes by pathogen was 3.8% for E. coli and 1.0% for Klebsiella pneumonia in the absence of manipulation group, and 20% and 33.3% in the presence of manipulation group, respectively. Initial treatment of ABP must consider patient's age and the possibility of prior manipulation to optimize patient treatment. With the high rate of resistance to fluoroquinolone, cephalosporins with amikacin, or carbapenems, or extended-spectrum penicillin with beta lactamase inhibitor should be considered as the preferred empirical ABP treatment in the patients with history of prior urologic manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Lee
- Department of Urology, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Gi Lee
- Department of Urology, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Hyub Lee
- Department of Urology, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Koo Han Yoo
- Department of Urology, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Siff LN, Unger CA, Jelovsek JE, Paraiso MFR, Ridgeway BM, Barber MD. Assessing ureteral patency using 10% dextrose cystoscopy fluid: evaluation of urinary tract infection rates. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2016; 215:74.e1-6. [PMID: 26875949 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intravenous indigo carmine has routinely been used to confirm ureteral patency after urogynecologic surgery. Recent discontinuation of the dye has altered clinical practice. In the absence of indigo carmine, we have used 10% dextrose in sterile water (D10) as cystoscopic fluid to evaluate ureteral patency. Glucosuria has been associated with urinary tract infection (UTI) in vivo and significantly enhanced bacterial growth in vitro. The concern is that the use of D10 would mimic a state of glucosuria albeit transient and increase the risk of postoperative UTI. OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to compare the rates of postoperative UTI and lower urinary tract (LUT) injuries between patients who underwent instillation of D10 vs normal saline at the time of intraoperative cystoscopy after urogynecological surgery. STUDY DESIGN This was a retrospective cohort study of all women who underwent cystoscopic evaluation of ureteral patency at the time of urogynecological surgery from May through December 2014 at a tertiary care referral center. We compared patients who received D10 cystoscopy fluid vs those who used normal saline. Outcomes included UTI and diagnosis of ureteral or LUT injuries. UTI was diagnosed according to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines by symptoms alone, urine dipstick, urinalysis, or urine culture. Descriptive statistics compared the rates of UTI between the 2 groups, and a multivariable model was fit to the data to control for potential confounders and significant baseline differences between the groups. RESULTS A total of 303 women were included. D10 was used in 113 cases and normal saline (NS) was used in 190. The rate of UTI was higher in the D10 group than the NS group: 47.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 38.3-57.4) vs 25.9% (95% CI, 19.8-32.8, P < .001). After adjusting for age, pelvic organ prolapse stage, use of perioperative estrogen, days of postoperative catheterization, menopausal status, diabetes mellitus, and history of recurrent UTI, the UTI rate remained significantly higher with the use of D10 (adjusted odds ratio, 3.4 [95% CI, 1.6-7.5], P = .002) compared with NS. Overall, 3 cases of transient ureteral kinking (1.0%) and one cystotomy (0.3%) were identified intraoperatively. However, ureteral and LUT injuries were not different between groups. No unidentified injuries presented postoperatively. CONCLUSION Although the use of D10 cystoscopy fluid has been successful in identifying ureteral patency in the absence of indigo carmine, it is associated with an increased rate of postoperative UTI compared with NS.
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Kleeb S, Jiang X, Frei P, Sigl A, Bezençon J, Bamberger K, Schwardt O, Ernst B. FimH Antagonists: Phosphate Prodrugs Improve Oral Bioavailability. J Med Chem 2016; 59:3163-82. [PMID: 26959338 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The widespread occurrence of urinary tract infections has resulted in frequent antibiotic treatment, contributing to the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. Alternative approaches are therefore required. In the initial step of colonization, FimH, a lectin located at the tip of bacterial type 1 pili, interacts with mannosylated glycoproteins on the urothelial mucosa. This initial pathogen/host interaction is efficiently antagonized by biaryl α-d-mannopyranosides. However, their poor physicochemical properties, primarily resulting from low aqueous solubility, limit their suitability as oral treatment option. Herein, we report the syntheses and pharmacokinetic evaluation of phosphate prodrugs, which show an improved aqueous solubility of up to 140-fold. In a Caco-2 cell model, supersaturated solutions of the active principle were generated through hydrolysis of the phosphate esters by brush border-associated enzymes, leading to a high concentration gradient across the cell monolayer. As a result, the in vivo application of phosphate prodrugs led to a substantially increased Cmax and prolonged availability of FimH antagonists in urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Kleeb
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacy, Pharmacenter, University of Basel , Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacy, Pharmacenter, University of Basel , Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Priska Frei
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacy, Pharmacenter, University of Basel , Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anja Sigl
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacy, Pharmacenter, University of Basel , Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jacqueline Bezençon
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacy, Pharmacenter, University of Basel , Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Karen Bamberger
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacy, Pharmacenter, University of Basel , Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Schwardt
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacy, Pharmacenter, University of Basel , Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Beat Ernst
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacy, Pharmacenter, University of Basel , Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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Lower Levels of Urinary Nerve Growth Factor Might Predict Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections in Women. Int Neurourol J 2016; 20:33-9. [PMID: 27032555 PMCID: PMC4819159 DOI: 10.5213/inj.1630454.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the changes in urinary nerve growth factor (uNGF) levels after acute urinary tract infection (UTI) and to assess the role of uNGF in predicting UTI recurrence in women. METHODS Women with uncomplicated, symptomatic UTIs were enrolled. Cephalexin 500 mg (every 6 hours) was administered for 7-14 days to treat acute UTIs. Subsequently, the patients were randomized to receive either sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim 800 mg/160 mg daily at bedtime, or celecoxib 200 mg daily for 3 months and were monitored for up to 12 months. NGF levels in the urine were determined at baseline, 1, 4, and 12 weeks after the initiation of prophylactic therapy, and were compared between women with first-time UTIs and recurrent UTIs, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim and celecoxib-treated women, and no UTI recurrence and UTI recurrence that occurred during the follow-up period. Twenty women free of UTIs served as controls. RESULTS A total of 139 women with UTI and 20 controls were enrolled in the study, which included 50 women with a first-time UTI and 89 women with recurrent UTIs. Thirty-seven women completed the study. Women with recurrent UTIs (n=23) had a trend of lower uNGF levels than women with first-time UTIs (n=14). During follow-up, 9 women had UTI recurrence. The serial uNGF levels in women with UTI recurrence were significantly lower than those in women who did not have UTI recurrence during the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS The lower levels of uNGF in women with recurrent UTI and the incidence of UTI recurrence during follow-up suggest that lower uNGF might reflect the defective innate immunity in women with recurrent UTI.
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Staying in Shape: the Impact of Cell Shape on Bacterial Survival in Diverse Environments. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2016; 80:187-203. [PMID: 26864431 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00031-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria display an abundance of cellular forms and can change shape during their life cycle. Many plausible models regarding the functional significance of cell morphology have emerged. A greater understanding of the genetic programs underpinning morphological variation in diverse bacterial groups, combined with assays of bacteria under conditions that mimic their varied natural environments, from flowing freshwater streams to diverse human body sites, provides new opportunities to probe the functional significance of cell shape. Here we explore shape diversity among bacteria, at the levels of cell geometry, size, and surface appendages (both placement and number), as it relates to survival in diverse environments. Cell shape in most bacteria is determined by the cell wall. A major challenge in this field has been deconvoluting the effects of differences in the chemical properties of the cell wall and the resulting cell shape perturbations on observed fitness changes. Still, such studies have begun to reveal the selective pressures that drive the diverse forms (or cell wall compositions) observed in mammalian pathogens and bacteria more generally, including efficient adherence to biotic and abiotic surfaces, survival under low-nutrient or stressful conditions, evasion of mammalian complement deposition, efficient dispersal through mucous barriers and tissues, and efficient nutrient acquisition.
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Hijazi S, Leitsmann C. Clinical significance of video-urodynamic in female recurrent urinary tract infections. Int J Womens Health 2016; 8:31-4. [PMID: 26855600 PMCID: PMC4725692 DOI: 10.2147/ijwh.s94956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We aimed to assess the value of video-urodynamic study (VUD) in the identification of lower urinary tract voiding dysfunction in female recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs). Patients and methods A total of 54 women with recurrent UTIs who underwent VUDs between 2013 and 2015 were analyzed. They were carefully evaluated by complete history, voiding diary, physical investigation, urosonography, and VUDs. Results Neurogenic and non-neurogenic voiding dysfunctions were found in 4% and 63% of women respectively. Detrusor sphincter dyssynergia, detrusor underactivity, and a combination of both were found in 17% (nine of 54), 22% (12 of 54), and 11% (six of 54) of women, respectively. Overactive bladder syndrome was determined in 28% (15 of 54) of women. Reduction in the maximal urinary flow rate to less than 15 mL/s and post-void residual volume were revealed in 63% (34 of 54) and 54% (29 of 54) of women, respectively. Stress urinary incontinence was noticed in 39% (21 of 54) of women with a median pad usage of three pads (range: 1–15) daily. Urgency and nocturia were complaints in 54% (29 of 54) and 43% (23 of 54) of women, respectively. The median voiding frequency and nocturia episodes were 7±4 (1–13) and 1±3 (0–12), respectively. Conclusion Dysfunctional voiding can encourage the formation of recurrent UTIs in the female. The VUDs are the investigation of choice to diagnose voiding dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameh Hijazi
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Conrad Leitsmann
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
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Azevedo AS, Almeida C, Pereira B, Madureira P, Wengel J, Azevedo NF. Detection and discrimination of biofilm populations using locked nucleic acid/2′-O-methyl-RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (LNA/2′OMe-FISH). Biochem Eng J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2015.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Hu F, Ding G, Zhang Z, Gatto LA, Hawgood S, Poulain FR, Cooney RN, Wang G. Innate immunity of surfactant proteins A and D in urinary tract infection with uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Innate Immun 2015; 22:9-20. [PMID: 26511057 DOI: 10.1177/1753425915609973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effects of surfactant proteins A and D (SP-A and SP-D, respectively) in urinary tract infection (UTI), SP-A and SP-D double knockout (SP-A/D KO) and wild type (WT) C57BL/6 female mice were infected with uropathogenic Escherichia coli by intravesical inoculation. Compared with WT mice SP-A/D KO mice showed increased susceptibility to UTI, as evidenced by higher bacterial CFU, more infiltrating neutrophils and severe pathological changes. Keratinocyte-derived chemokine increased in the kidney of WT mice but not in SP-A/D KO mice 24 h post-infection. Compared with control, the level of IL-17 was elevated in the kidney of infected WT and SP-A/D KO mice and the level of IL-17 was higher in the infected SP-A/D KO mice than in infected WT mice 24 and 48 h post-infection. The basal level of p38 MAPK phosphorylation in SP-A/D KO mice was higher than in WT mice. The phosphorylated p38 level was elevated in the kidney of WT mice post infection but not in SP-A/D KO mice. Furthermore, in vitro growth of uropathogenic E. coli was inhibited by SP-A and SP-D. We conclude that SP-A and SP-D function as mediators of innate immunity by inhibiting bacterial growth and modulating renal inflammation in part by regulating p38 MAPK-related pathway in murine UTI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengqi Hu
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guohua Ding
- Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Louis A Gatto
- Department of Biological Sciences, SUNY Cortland, Cortland, NY, USA
| | - Samuel Hawgood
- Department of Pediatrics and the Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Francis R Poulain
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, University of California Davis Medical Center, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Robert N Cooney
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Guirong Wang
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
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Ashrafi F, Fallah Mehrabadi J, Siadat SD, Aghasadeghi MR. Expression and Purification of the Uropathogenic Escherichia coli PapG Protein and its Surface Absorption on Lactobacillus reuteri: Implications for Surface Display System Vaccines. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2015; 8:e25595. [PMID: 26487922 PMCID: PMC4609037 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.25595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is one of the most common bacteria that can cause urinary tract infections (UTIs). Unfortunately, no human vaccine against UTIs has been developed. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an efficient and safe vaccine that is able to induce mucosal and systemic immune responses. The use of lactic acid bacteria as a delivery system is a promising method to induce the immune system. Objectives: The aim of this study was to establish Lactobacillus reuteri harboring the E. coli PapG antigen on its surface. Materials and Methods: In this study, the gene encoding PapG was fused to the AcmA gene (which encodes an anchor protein in Lactobacillus) and cloned into the pEX A vector. The PapG.AcmA fusion gene was digested with BamHI and NdeI and sub-cloned into the pET21a expression vector at the digestion sites. Subsequently, the recombinant plasmids (pET21a-PapG.AcmA and pET21a-PapG) were transformed into the E. coli Origami strain using the calcium chloride method and the fusion protein was expressed under 1 mM IPTG induction. The expression of the fusion protein was confirmed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and western blotting. Purification of the PapG and PapG.AcmA proteins was carried out using a Ni-NTA column, and surface adsorption was estimated on Lactobacillus. Finally, surface localization of the fusion protein was verified by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: The PapG.AcmA fusion was successfully sub-cloned in the pET21a expression vector. The expression of PapG and PapG.AcmA proteins in the E. coli Origami strain was indicated as protein bands in SDS-PAGE and confirmed by western blotting. In addition, the fusion protein was displayed on the surface of L. reuteri. Conclusions: In conclusion, we developed a method to express the PapG.AcmA protein on the surface of Lactobacillus. This is the first report on the successful application of lactic acid bacteria displaying the PapG.AcmA fusion protein. It will be interesting to determine the immune responses against the PapG protein in near future using this surface display strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Ashrafi
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Jalil Fallah Mehrabadi
- Department of Biology, School of Basic Science, University of Qom, Qom, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Jalil Fallah Mehrabadi, Department of Biology, School of Basic Science, University of Qom, Qom, IR Iran. Tel: +98-2532103000, E-mail:
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Hussain SA, Alhalabi F, Zimmern PE. Long-term efficacy of fulguration of trigonitis for recurrent urinary tract infections in women. UROLOGICAL SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urols.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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He XL, Wang Q, Peng L, Qu YR, Puthiyakunnon S, Liu XL, Hui CY, Boddu S, Cao H, Huang SH. Role of uropathogenic Escherichia coli outer membrane protein T in pathogenesis of urinary tract infection. Pathog Dis 2015; 73:ftv006. [PMID: 25825479 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftv006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OmpT is one of the members of the outer membrane protein family that has been identified as a virulence factor in most of the uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). However, the exact role of OmpT in the urinary tract infections (UTIs) remains unclear. To determine the role of OmpT in the pathogenesis of UPEC, an isogenic deletion mutant of ompT (COTD) was constructed by the λ Red recombination. Human bladder epithelial cell line 5637(HBEC 5637) was used to evaluate the ability of bacterial adhesion/invasion. A murine model of UTI was established to study the formation of intracellular bacterial communities (IBCs) in the process of UTIs. The cytokines were also examined during the pathogenesis. The results showed that the COTD strain was deficient in bacterial adhesion and invasion as well as in IBC formation compare to the parent strain. ELISA quantification analysis of cytokines showed that the levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 in the serum, bladder and kidney tissues of the mice infected with COTD were lower than that of the CFT073 group. In summary, these results suggest that OmpT plays a multifaceted role in pathogenesis of UTI, including increased bacterial adhesiveness/invasiveness, formation of IBCs and upregulated proinflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Long He
- Department of Microbiology, School of Public Health & Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Public Health & Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Liang Peng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260 China
| | - Ya-Rong Qu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Public Health & Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Santhosh Puthiyakunnon
- Department of Microbiology, School of Public Health & Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiao-Lu Liu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Public Health & Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Chang Ye Hui
- Shenzhen Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Disease, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518001, China
| | - Swapna Boddu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Public Health & Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Hong Cao
- Department of Microbiology, School of Public Health & Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Sheng-He Huang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Public Health & Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles 90027, USA
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Georgiadou SP, Gamaletsou MN, Mpanaka I, Vlachou A, Goules AV, Ziogas DC, Syriou V, Tektonidou MG, Kaltsas G, Manoussakis MN, Sipsas NV. Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in Women With Autoimmune Rheumatic Disease: Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Clinical Significance. Clin Infect Dis 2014; 60:868-74. [DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciu938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Otto M. Physical stress and bacterial colonization. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2014; 38:1250-70. [PMID: 25212723 DOI: 10.1111/1574-6976.12088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial surface colonizers are subject to a variety of physical stresses. During the colonization of human epithelia such as on the skin or the intestinal mucosa, bacteria mainly have to withstand the mechanical stress of being removed by fluid flow, scraping, or epithelial turnover. To that end, they express a series of molecules to establish firm attachment to the epithelial surface, such as fibrillar protrusions (pili) and surface-anchored proteins that bind to human matrix proteins. In addition, some bacteria--in particular gut and urinary tract pathogens--use internalization by epithelial cells and other methods such as directed inhibition of epithelial turnover to ascertain continued association with the epithelial layer. Furthermore, many bacteria produce multilayered agglomerations called biofilms with a sticky extracellular matrix, providing additional protection from removal. This review will give an overview over the mechanisms human bacterial colonizers have to withstand physical stresses with a focus on bacterial adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Otto
- Pathogen Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Human Bacterial Pathogenesis, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Azevedo AS, Almeida C, Melo LF, Azevedo NF. Interaction between atypical microorganisms and E. coli in catheter-associated urinary tract biofilms. BIOFOULING 2014; 30:893-902. [PMID: 25184430 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2014.944173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Most biofilms involved in catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) are polymicrobial, with disease causing (eg Escherichia coli) and atypical microorganisms (eg Delftia tsuruhatensis) frequently inhabiting the same catheter. Nevertheless, there is a lack of knowledge about the role of atypical microorganisms. Here, single and dual-species biofilms consisting of E. coli and atypical bacteria (D. tsuruhatensis and Achromobacter xylosoxidans), were evaluated. All species were good biofilm producers (Log 5.84-7.25 CFU cm(-2) at 192 h) in artificial urine. The ability of atypical species to form a biofilm appeared to be hampered by the presence of E. coli. Additionally, when E. coli was added to a pre-formed biofilm of the atypical species, it seemed to take advantage of the first colonizers to accelerate adhesion, even when added at lower concentrations. The results suggest a greater ability of E. coli to form biofilms in conditions mimicking the CAUTIs, whatever the pre-existing microbiota and the inoculum concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia S Azevedo
- a Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, and Energy and Biotechnology Engineering (LEPABE), Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering , University of Porto , Rua Dr Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto , Portugal
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Yazdy MM, Mitchell AA, Werler MM. Maternal genitourinary infections and the risk of gastroschisis. Am J Epidemiol 2014; 180:518-25. [PMID: 25073472 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwu157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Genitourinary infections (GUIs) have been associated with increased risk of gastroschisis in 2 studies. Using data collected in the Slone Epidemiology Center Birth Defects Study, we examined the association between GUI and gastroschisis. From 1998 to 2010, mothers of 249 gastroschisis cases and 7,104 controls were interviewed within 6 months of delivery about pregnancy events, including vaginal infections, genital herpes, urinary tract infections (UTIs), and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Women were considered exposed if they reported at least 1 instance of a GUI in the first trimester. Logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Women who reported having any GUI had an adjusted odds ratio of 1.8 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.3, 2.4). The highest risk was seen among women who reported a UTI only (adjusted odds ratio = 2.3, 95% CI: 1.5, 3.5), while the odds ratio for an STD only was slightly elevated (adjusted odds ratio = 1.2, 95% CI: 1.0, 1.5). Among women under 25 years of age, the odds ratio for UTI only was 2.6 (95% CI: 1.7, 4.0), and among older women it was 1.8 (95% CI: 0.6, 5.9). When we considered the joint association of UTIs and young maternal age, a synergistic effect was observed. The results of this study add further evidence that UTIs may increase the risk of gastroschisis.
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Lavilla Lerma L, Benomar N, Valenzuela AS, Casado Muñoz MDC, Gálvez A, Abriouel H. Role of EfrAB efflux pump in biocide tolerance and antibiotic resistance of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium isolated from traditional fermented foods and the effect of EDTA as EfrAB inhibitor. Food Microbiol 2014; 44:249-57. [PMID: 25084670 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2014.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium isolated from various traditional fermented foods of both animal and vegetable origins have shown multidrug resistance to several antibiotics and tolerance to biocides. Reduced susceptibility was intra and inter-species dependent and was due to specific and unspecific mechanisms such as efflux pumps. EfrAB, a heterodimeric ABC transporter efflux pump, was detected in 100% of multidrug resistant (MDR) E. faecalis strains and only in 12% of MDR E. faecium strains. EfrAB expression was induced by half of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of gentamicin, streptomycin and chloramphenicol. However, expression of efrA and efrB genes was highly dependent on the strain tested and on the antimicrobial used. Our results indicated that 3 mM EDTA highly reduced the MICs of almost all drugs tested. Nevertheless, the higher reductions (>8 folds) were obtained with gentamicin, streptomycin, chlorhexidine and triclosan. Reductions of MICs were correlated with down-regulation of EfrAB expression (10-140 folds) in all three MDR enterococci strains. This is the first report describing the role of EfrAB in the efflux of antibiotics and biocides which reflect also the importance of EfrAB in multidrug resistance in enterococci. EDTA used at low concentration as food preservative could be one of the best choices to prevent spread of multidrug resistant enterococci throughout food chain by decreasing EfrAB expression. EfrAB could be an attractive target not only in enterococci present in food matrix but also those causing infections as well by using EDTA as therapeutic agent in combination with low doses of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyre Lavilla Lerma
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Nabil Benomar
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Antonio Sánchez Valenzuela
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - María del Carmen Casado Muñoz
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Antonio Gálvez
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Hikmate Abriouel
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain.
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Involvement of Enterococcus faecalis small RNAs in stress response and virulence. Infect Immun 2014; 82:3599-611. [PMID: 24914223 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01900-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Candidate small RNAs (sRNAs) have recently been identified in Enterococcus faecalis, a Gram-positive opportunistic pathogen, and six of these candidate sRNAs with unknown functions were selected for a functional study. Deletion mutants and complemented strains were constructed, and their virulence was tested. We were unable to obtain the ef0869-0870 mutant, likely due to an essential role, and the ef0820-0821 sRNA seemed not to be involved in virulence. In contrast, the mutant lacking ef0408-0409 sRNA, homologous to the RNAII component of the toxin-antitoxin system, appeared more virulent and more able to colonize mouse organs. The three other mutants showed reduced virulence. In addition, we checked the responses of these mutant strains to several stresses encountered in the gastrointestinal tract or during the infection process. In parallel, the activities of the sRNA promoters were measured using transcriptional fusion constructions. To attempt to identify the regulons of these candidate sRNAs, proteomics profiles of the mutant strains were compared with that of the wild type. This showed that the selected sRNAs controlled the expression of proteins involved in diverse cellular processes and the stress response. The combined data highlight the roles of certain candidate sRNAs in the adaptation of E. faecalis to environmental changes and in the complex transition process from a commensal to a pathogen.
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Hughes FM, Vivar NP, Kennis JG, Pratt-Thomas JD, Lowe DW, Shaner BE, Nietert PJ, Spruill LS, Purves JT. Inflammasomes are important mediators of cyclophosphamide-induced bladder inflammation. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2013; 306:F299-308. [PMID: 24285499 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00297.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder inflammation (cystitis) underlies numerous bladder pathologies and is elicited by a plethora of agents such as urinary tract infections, bladder outlet obstruction, chemotherapies, and catheters. Pattern recognition receptors [Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and Nod-like receptors (NLRs)] that recognize pathogen- and/or damage-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs and/or DAMPs, respectively) are key components of the innate immune system that coordinates the production (TLRs) and maturation (NLRs) of proinflammatory IL-1β. Despite multiple studies of TLRs in the bladder, none have investigated NLRs beyond one small survey. We now demonstrate that NLRP3 and NLRC4, and their binding partners apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a COOH-terminal caspase recruitment domain (ASC) and NLR family apoptosis inhibitory protein (NAIP), are expressed in the bladder and localized predominantly to the urothelia. Activated NLRs form inflammasomes that activate caspase-1. Placement of a NLRP3- or NLRC4-activating PAMP or NLRP3-activating DAMPs into the lumen of the bladder stimulated caspase-1 activity. To investigate inflammasomes in vivo, we induced cystitis with cyclophosphamide (CP, 150 mg/kg ip) in the presence or absence of the inflammasome inhibitor glyburide. Glyburide completely blocked CP-induced activation of caspase-1 and the production of IL-1β at 4 h. At 24 h, glyburide reduced two markers of inflammation by 30-50% and reversed much of the inflammatory morphology. Furthermore, glyburide reversed changes in bladder physiology (cystometry) induced by CP. In conclusion, NLRs/inflammasomes are present in the bladder urothelia and respond to DAMPs and PAMPs, whereas NLRP3 inhibition blocks bladder dysfunction in the CP model. The coordinated response of NLRs and TLRs in the urothelia represents a first-line innate defense that may provide an important target for pharmacological intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis M Hughes
- Jr., Dept. of Urology, CSB644, Medical Univ. of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas St., Charleston, SC 29425.
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Momtaz H, Karimian A, Madani M, Safarpoor Dehkordi F, Ranjbar R, Sarshar M, Souod N. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli in Iran: serogroup distributions, virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance properties. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2013; 12:8. [PMID: 23627669 PMCID: PMC3651382 DOI: 10.1186/1476-0711-12-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common bacterial infections with global expansion. These infections are predominantly caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). METHODS Totally, 123 strains of Escherichia coli isolated from UTIs patients, using bacterial culture method were subjected to polymerase chain reactions for detection of various O- serogroups, some urovirulence factors, antibiotic resistance genes and resistance to 13 different antibiotics. RESULTS According to data, the distribution of O1, O2, O6, O7 and O16 serogroups were 2.43%, besides O22, O75 and O83 serogroups were 1.62%. Furthermore, the distribution of O4, O8, O15, O21 and O25 serogroups were 5.69%, 3.25%, 21.13%, 4.06% and 26.01%, respectively. Overall, the fim virulence gene had the highest (86.17%) while the usp virulence gene had the lowest distributions of virulence genes in UPEC strains isolated from UTIs patients. The vat and sen virulence genes were not detected in any UPEC strains. Totally, aadA1 (52.84%), and qnr (46.34%) were the most prevalent antibiotic resistance genes while the distribution of cat1 (15.44%), cmlA (15.44%) and dfrA1 (21.95%) were the least. Resistance to penicillin (100%) and tetracycline (73.98%) had the highest while resistance to nitrofurantoin (5.69%) and trimethoprim (16.26%) had the lowest frequencies. CONCLUSIONS This study indicated that the UPEC strains which harbored the high numbers of virulence and antibiotic resistance genes had the high ability to cause diseases that are resistant to most antibiotics. In the current situation, it seems that the administration of penicillin and tetracycline for the treatment of UTIs is vain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Momtaz
- Department of Microbiology, ShahreKord Branch, Islamic Azad University, P.O. Box: 166, ShahreKord, Iran.
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Ferreira AM, Bonesso MF, Mondelli AL, Camargo CH, Cunha MDLRS. Oxacillin resistance and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Staphylococcus saprophyticus and other staphylococci isolated from patients with urinary tract infection. Chemotherapy 2013; 58:482-91. [PMID: 23548376 DOI: 10.1159/000346529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcus saprophyticus is the second most frequent community-acquired causative agent of urinary tract infection (UTI). The objective of this study was to evaluate the susceptibility profile and resistance detection in Staphylococcus species. isolated from patients with UTI. MATERIALS AND METHODS The isolates were investigated using the disk diffusion method, Vitek I system, E-test®, and detection of the mecA gene. RESULTS Most isolates (76.2%) were resistant to oxacillin by the disk diffusion method, followed by those resistant to penicillin (72.2%). The oxacillin disk diffusion method, E-test, and Vitek I method showed higher sensitivity (94.4%) and lower specificity (28.9, 26.5, and 24.0%, respectively) than the cefoxitin disk diffusion test (sensitivity: 83.5%, specificity: 85.5%) for the detection of oxacillin resistance. CONCLUSIONS The large number of oxacillin-resistant isolates indicates that the breakpoint value recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute may overestimate oxacillin resistance in S. saprophyticus. Thus, changes in these guidelines are necessary for the correct detection of this resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano M Ferreira
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Botucatu Biosciences Institute, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP 18618-970, Brazil
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Niveditha S, Pramodhini S, Umadevi S, Kumar S, Stephen S. The Isolation and the Biofilm Formation of Uropathogens in the Patients with Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs). J Clin Diagn Res 2013; 6:1478-82. [PMID: 23285434 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2012/4367.2537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urinary tract infections are the most commonly acquired bacterial infections and they account for an estimated 25-40% of the nosocomial infections. The microbial biofilms pose a public health problem for the persons who require indwelling medical devices, as the microorganisms in the biofilms are difficult to treat with antimicrobial agents. AIMS The present study included the isolation and the biofilm formation of the uropathogens in patients with catheter associated urinary tract infections. METHODS AND MATERIALS This prospective analysis which was carried out over a period of two months, included 50 urine samples from catheterized patients with symptoms of UTI. Following their isolation and identification, all the isolates were subjected to the biofilm detection by the tube adherence method and the Congo Red agar method. RESULTS E.coli was found to be the most frequently isolated uropathogen 35(70%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae 8(16%), Pseudomona aeruginosa 2(4%), Acinetobacter spp 1(2%), coagulase negative Staphylococci 3(6%) and Enterococci spp 1(2%). In the current study, 30 (60%) strains were positive in vitro for the biofilm production. CONCLUSION To conclude, there was significant bacteriuria in all the symptomatic catheterized patients and E.coli was the most frequent isolate. Diabetes (44%) was the most common factor which was associated with the UTIs in the catheterized patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Niveditha
- MBBS Student, Department of Microbiology, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute Pondicherry 607402, India
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Ferreira AM, Bonesso MF, Mondelli AL, da Cunha MDLRDS. Identification of Staphylococcus saprophyticus isolated from patients with urinary tract infection using a simple set of biochemical tests correlating with 16S-23S interspace region molecular weight patterns. J Microbiol Methods 2012; 91:406-11. [PMID: 23041266 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2012.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Revised: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of Staphylococcus spp. not only as human pathogens, but also as reservoirs of antibiotic resistance determinants, requires the development of methods for their rapid and reliable identification in medically important samples. The aim of this study was to compare three phenotypic methods for the identification of Staphylococcus spp. isolated from patients with urinary tract infection using the PCR of the 16S-23S interspace region generating molecular weight patterns (ITR-PCR) as reference. All 57 S. saprophyticus studied were correctly identified using only the novobiocin disk. A rate of agreement of 98.0% was obtained for the simplified battery of biochemical tests in relation to ITR-PCR, whereas the Vitek I system and novobiocin disk showed 81.2% and 89.1% agreement, respectively. No other novobiocin-resistant non-S. saprophyticus strain was identified. Thus, the novobiocin disk is a feasible alternative for the identification of S. saprophyticus in urine samples in laboratories with limited resources. ITR-PCR and the simplified battery of biochemical tests were more reliable than the commercial systems currently available. This study confirms that automated systems are still unable to correctly differentiate CoNS species and that simple, reliable and inexpensive methods can be used for routine identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Martison Ferreira
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Botucatu Biosciences Institute, UNESP-University Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
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Rudick CN, Jiang M, Yaggie RE, Pavlov VI, Done J, Heckman CJ, Whitfield C, Schaeffer AJ, Klumpp DJ. O-antigen modulates infection-induced pain states. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41273. [PMID: 22899994 PMCID: PMC3416823 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular initiators of infection-associated pain are not understood. We recently found that uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) elicited acute pelvic pain in murine urinary tract infection (UTI). UTI pain was due to E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and its receptor, TLR4, but pain was not correlated with inflammation. LPS is known to drive inflammation by interactions between the acylated lipid A component and TLR4, but the function of the O-antigen polysaccharide in host responses is unknown. Here, we examined the role of O-antigen in pain using cutaneous hypersensitivity (allodynia) to quantify pelvic pain behavior and using sacral spinal cord excitability to quantify central nervous system manifestations in murine UTI. A UPEC mutant defective for O-antigen biosynthesis induced chronic allodynia that persisted long after clearance of transient infections, but wild type UPEC evoked only acute pain. E. coli strains lacking O-antigen gene clusters had a chronic pain phenotype, and expressing cloned O-antigen gene clusters altered the pain phenotype in a predictable manner. Chronic allodynia was abrogated in TLR4-deficient mice, but inflammatory responses in wild type mice were similar among E. coli strains spanning a wide range of pain phenotypes, suggesting that O-antigen modulates pain independent of inflammation. Spinal cords of mice with chronic allodynia exhibited increased spontaneous firing and compromised short-term depression, consistent with centralized pain. Taken together, these findings suggest that O-antigen functions as a rheostat to modulate LPS-associated pain. These observations have implications for an infectious etiology of chronic pain and evolutionary modification of pathogens to alter host behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles N. Rudick
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Mingchen Jiang
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Ryan E. Yaggie
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Vladimir I. Pavlov
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Joseph Done
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Charles J. Heckman
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Christopher Whitfield
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anthony J. Schaeffer
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - David J. Klumpp
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Subramanian P, Shanmugam N, Sivaraman U, Kumar S, Selvaraj S. Antiobiotic resistance pattern of biofilm-forming uropathogens isolated from catheterised patients in Pondicherry, India. Australas Med J 2012; 5:344-8. [PMID: 22905060 DOI: 10.4066/amj.2012.1193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microbial biofilms pose a public health problem for persons requiring indwelling medical devices, as micro-organisms in biofilms are difficult to treat with antimicrobial agents. Thus the present study includes biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance pattern of uropathogens in hospitalised patients with catheter associated urinary tract infections (UTI). METHOD This prospective analysis included 100 urine samples from catheterised patients with symptoms of UTI over a period of six months. Following identification, all isolates were subjected to antibiotic sensitivity using modified Kirby- Bauer disc diffusion method. Detection of biofilms was done by tube adherence method and Congo red agar method. RESULTS E.coli was found to be the most frequently isolated uropathogen 70%, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae 16%, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 4%, Acinetobacter spp 2%, coagulase negative Staphylococci 6% and Enterococci Spp 2%. In the current study 60% of strains were in vitro positive for biofilm production. Biofilm positive isolates showed 93.3%, 83.3%, 73.3% and 80% resistance to nalidixic acid, ampicillin, cephotaxime and cotrimoxazole, respectively, compared to 70%, 60%, 35%, 60% resistance showed by biofilm non-producers for the respective antibiotics. Approximately 80% of the biofilm producing strains showed multidrug resistant phenotype CONCLUSION To conclude E.coli was the most frequent isolate, of which 63% were biofilm producers. The antibiotic susceptibility pattern in the present study showed quinolones were the least active drug against uropathogens. The uropathogens showed the highest sensitivity to carbapenems. The next best alternatives were aminoglycosides. Significant correlation between biofilm production and multi-drug resistance was observed in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramodhini Subramanian
- Department of Microbiology, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Pondicherry, India
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Aubron C, Glodt J, Matar C, Huet O, Borderie D, Dobrindt U, Duranteau J, Denamur E, Conti M, Bouvet O. Variation in endogenous oxidative stress in Escherichia coli natural isolates during growth in urine. BMC Microbiol 2012; 12:120. [PMID: 22727065 PMCID: PMC3479029 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-12-120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Uropathogenic strains of Escherichia coli cause symptomatic infections whereas asymptomatic bacteriuria (ABU) strains are well adapted for growth in the human urinary tract, where they establish long-term bacteriuria. Human urine is a very complex growth medium that could be perceived by certain bacteria as a stressful environment. To investigate a possible imbalance between endogenous oxidative response and antioxidant mechanisms, lipid oxidative damage estimated as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) content was evaluated in twenty-one E. coli belonging to various pathovars and phylogenetic groups. Antioxidant defense mechanisms were also analysed. Results During exponential growth in urine, TBARS level differs between strains, without correlation with the ability to grow in urine which was similarly limited for commensal, ABU and uropathogenic strains. In addition, no correlation between TBARS level and the phylogroup or pathogenic group is apparent. The growth of ABU strain 83972 was associated with a high level of TBARS and more active antioxidant defenses that reduce the imbalance. Conclusions Our results indicate that growth capacity in urine is not a property of ABU strains. However, E. coli isolates respond very differently to this stressful environment. In strain ABU 83972, on one hand, the increased level of endogenous reactive oxygen species may be responsible for adaptive mutations. On the other hand, a more active antioxidant defense system could increase the capacity to colonize the bladder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecile Aubron
- UMR 722 INSERM and Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Site Xavier Bichat, Paris, France
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Pang L, Kleeb S, Lemme K, Rabbani S, Scharenberg M, Zalewski A, Schädler F, Schwardt O, Ernst B. FimH antagonists: structure-activity and structure-property relationships for biphenyl α-D-mannopyranosides. ChemMedChem 2012; 7:1404-22. [PMID: 22644941 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201200125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Revised: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are caused primarily by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC), which encode filamentous surface-adhesive organelles called type 1 pili. FimH is located at the tips of these pili. The initial attachment of UPEC to host cells is mediated by the interaction of the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) of FimH with oligomannosides on urothelial cells. Blocking these lectins with carbohydrates or analogues thereof prevents bacterial adhesion to host cells and therefore offers a potential therapeutic approach for prevention and/or treatment of UTIs. Although numerous FimH antagonists have been developed so far, few of them meet the requirement for clinical application due to poor pharmacokinetics. Additionally, the binding mode of an antagonist to the CRD of FimH can switch from an in-docking mode to an out-docking mode, depending on the structure of the antagonist. In this communication, biphenyl α-D-mannosides were modified to improve their binding affinity, to explore their binding mode, and to optimize their pharmacokinetic properties. The inhibitory potential of the FimH antagonists was measured in a cell-free competitive binding assay, a cell-based flow cytometry assay, and by isothermal titration calorimetry. Furthermore, pharmacokinetic properties such as log D, solubility, and membrane permeation were analyzed. As a result, a structure-activity and structure-property relationships were established for a series of biphenyl α-D-mannosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Pang
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacy, Pharmacenter, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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Role of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Virulence Factors in Development of Urinary Tract Infection and Kidney Damage. Int J Nephrol 2012; 2012:681473. [PMID: 22506110 PMCID: PMC3312279 DOI: 10.1155/2012/681473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Revised: 11/02/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is a causative agent in the vast majority of urinary tract infections (UTIs), including cystitis and pyelonephritis, and infectious complications, which may result in acute renal failure in healthy individuals as well as in renal transplant patients. UPEC expresses a multitude of virulence factors to break the inertia of the mucosal barrier. In response to the breach by UPEC into the normally sterile urinary tract, host inflammatory responses are triggered leading to cytokine production, neutrophil influx, and the exfoliation of infected bladder epithelial cells. Several signaling pathways activated during UPEC infection, including the pathways known to activate the innate immune response, interact with calcium-dependent signaling pathways. Some UPEC isolates, however, might possess strategies to delay or suppress the activation of components of the innate host response in the urinary tract. Studies published in the recent past provide new information regarding how virulence factors of uropathogenic E. coli are involved in activation of the innate host response. Despite numerous host defense mechanisms, UPEC can persist within the urinary tract and may serve as a reservoir for recurrent infections and serious complications. Presentation of the molecular details of these events is essential for development of successful strategies for prevention of human UTIs and urological complications associated with UTIs.
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Hisano M, Bruschini H, Nicodemo AC, Srougi M. Cranberries and lower urinary tract infection prevention. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2012; 67:661-8. [PMID: 22760907 PMCID: PMC3370320 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2012(06)18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lower urinary tract infections are very common diseases. Recurrent urinary tract infections remain challenging to treat because the main treatment option is long-term antibiotic prophylaxis; however, this poses a risk for the emergence of bacterial resistance. Some options to avoid this risk are available, including the use of cranberry products. This article reviews the key methods in using cranberries as a preventive measure for lower urinary tract infections, including in vitro studies and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Hisano
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Department of Urology (LIM55), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Reiss DJ, Mobley HLT. Determination of target sequence bound by PapX, repressor of bacterial motility, in flhD promoter using systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) and high throughput sequencing. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:44726-38. [PMID: 22039053 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.290684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Most uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs) are caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). Both motility and adherence are integral to UTI pathogenesis, yet they represent opposing forces. Therefore, it is logical to reciprocally regulate these functions. In UPEC strain CFT073, PapX, a non-structural protein encoded by one of the two pap operons encoding P fimbria adherence factor, represses flagella-mediated motility and is a putative member of the winged helix transcription factor family. The mechanism of this repression, however, is not understood. papX is found preferentially in more virulent UPEC isolates, being significantly more prevalent in pyelonephritis strains (53% of isolates) than in asymptomatic bacteriuria (32%) or fecal/commensal (12.5%) strains. To examine PapX structure-function, we generated papX linker insertion and site-directed mutants, which identified two key residues for PapX function (Lys(54) and Arg(127)) within domains predicted by modeling with I-TASSER software to be important for dimerization and DNA binding, respectively. To determine the PapX binding site in the CFT073 genome, systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) in conjunction with high throughput sequencing was utilized for the first time to determine a novel binding site for a bacterial transcription factor. This method identified a 29-bp binding site within the flhDC promoter (TTACGGTGAGTTATTTTAACTGTGCGCAA), centered 410 bp upstream of the flhD translational start site. Gel shift experiments demonstrated that PapX binds directly to this site to repress transcription of flagellar genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Reiss
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104, USA
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