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Xie T, Yao L, Li X. Advance in Iron Metabolism, Oxidative Stress and Cellular Dysfunction in Experimental and Human Kidney Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:659. [PMID: 38929098 PMCID: PMC11200795 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Kidney diseases pose a significant global health issue, frequently resulting in the gradual decline of renal function and eventually leading to end-stage renal failure. Abnormal iron metabolism and oxidative stress-mediated cellular dysfunction facilitates the advancement of kidney diseases. Iron homeostasis is strictly regulated in the body, and disturbance in this regulatory system results in abnormal iron accumulation or deficiency, both of which are associated with the pathogenesis of kidney diseases. Iron overload promotes the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) through the Fenton reaction, resulting in oxidative damage to cellular molecules and impaired cellular function. Increased oxidative stress can also influence iron metabolism through upregulation of iron regulatory proteins and altering the expression and activity of key iron transport and storage proteins. This creates a harmful cycle in which abnormal iron metabolism and oxidative stress perpetuate each other, ultimately contributing to the advancement of kidney diseases. The crosstalk of iron metabolism and oxidative stress involves multiple signaling pathways, such as hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathways. This review delves into the functions and mechanisms of iron metabolism and oxidative stress, along with the intricate relationship between these two factors in the context of kidney diseases. Understanding the underlying mechanisms should help to identify potential therapeutic targets and develop novel and effective therapeutic strategies to combat the burden of kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiancheng Xie
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Li Yao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China;
| | - Xiaogang Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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2
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Zhu J, Xu F, Lai H, Yuan H, Li XY, Hu J, Li W, Liu L, Wang C. ACO2 deficiency increases vulnerability to Parkinson's disease via dysregulating mitochondrial function and histone acetylation-mediated transcription of autophagy genes. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1201. [PMID: 38007539 PMCID: PMC10676364 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05570-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by α-synuclein aggregation in dopaminergic (DA) neurons, which are sensitive to oxidative stress. Mitochondria aconitase 2 (ACO2) is an essential enzyme in the tricarboxylic acid cycle that orchestrates mitochondrial and autophagic functions to energy metabolism. Though widely linked to diseases, its relation to PD has not been fully clarified. Here we revealed that the peripheral ACO2 activity was significantly decreased in PD patients and associated with their onset age and disease durations. The knock-in mouse and Drosophila models with the A252T variant displayed aggravated motor deficits and DA neuron degeneration after 6-OHDA and rotenone-induction, and the ACO2 knockdown or blockade cells showed features of mitochondrial and autophagic dysfunction. Moreover, the transcription of autophagy-related genes LC3 and Atg5 was significantly downregulated via inhibited histone acetylation at the H3K9 and H4K5 sites. These data provided multi-dimensional evidences supporting the essential roles of ACO2, and as a potential early biomarker to be used in clinical trials for assessing the effects of antioxidants in PD. Moreover, ameliorating energy metabolism by targeting ACO2 could be considered as a potential therapeutic strategy for PD and other neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junge Zhu
- Department of Neurology & Neurobiology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Fanxi Xu
- Department of Neurology & Neurobiology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Hong Lai
- Department of Neurology & Neurobiology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100053, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Huiyao Yuan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University; School of Basic Medicine, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xu-Ying Li
- Department of Neurology & Neurobiology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Junya Hu
- Department of Neurology & Neurobiology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Neurology & Neurobiology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100053, China
- Department of Stroke Center, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250000, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University; School of Basic Medicine, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Chaodong Wang
- Department of Neurology & Neurobiology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100053, China.
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Youssef WA, Feil R, Saint-Sorny M, Johnson X, Lunn JE, Grimm B, Brzezowski P. Singlet oxygen-induced signalling depends on the metabolic status of the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cell. Commun Biol 2023; 6:529. [PMID: 37193883 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04872-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Using a mutant screen, we identified trehalose 6-phosphate phosphatase 1 (TSPP1) as a functional enzyme dephosphorylating trehalose 6-phosphate (Tre6P) to trehalose in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The tspp1 knock-out results in reprogramming of the cell metabolism via altered transcriptome. As a secondary effect, tspp1 also shows impairment in 1O2-induced chloroplast retrograde signalling. From transcriptomic analysis and metabolite profiling, we conclude that accumulation or deficiency of certain metabolites directly affect 1O2-signalling. 1O2-inducible GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE 5 (GPX5) gene expression is suppressed by increased content of fumarate and 2-oxoglutarate, intermediates in the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle) in mitochondria and dicarboxylate metabolism in the cytosol, but also myo-inositol, involved in inositol phosphate metabolism and phosphatidylinositol signalling system. Application of another TCA cycle intermediate, aconitate, recovers 1O2-signalling and GPX5 expression in otherwise aconitate-deficient tspp1. Genes encoding known essential components of chloroplast-to-nucleus 1O2-signalling, PSBP2, MBS, and SAK1, show decreased transcript levels in tspp1, which also can be rescued by exogenous application of aconitate. We demonstrate that chloroplast retrograde signalling involving 1O2 depends on mitochondrial and cytosolic processes and that the metabolic status of the cell determines the response to 1O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waeil Al Youssef
- Pflanzenphysiologie, Institut für Biologie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Regina Feil
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Maureen Saint-Sorny
- Photosynthesis and Environment Team, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), CNRS, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies d'Aix-Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université, UMR 7265, CEA Cadarache, F-13108, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Xenie Johnson
- Photosynthesis and Environment Team, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), CNRS, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies d'Aix-Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université, UMR 7265, CEA Cadarache, F-13108, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - John E Lunn
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Bernhard Grimm
- Pflanzenphysiologie, Institut für Biologie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pawel Brzezowski
- Pflanzenphysiologie, Institut für Biologie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10115, Berlin, Germany.
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Shahwan M, Alhumaydhi FA, Sharaf SE, Alghamdi BS, Baeesa S, Tayeb HO, Ashraf GM, Shamsi A. Computational insight into the binding of bryostatin 1 with ferritin: implication of natural compounds in Alzheimer's disease therapeutics. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022:1-11. [PMID: 35787781 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2092552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal damage in iron-sensitive brain regions occurs as a result of iron dyshomeostasis. Increased iron levels and iron-related pathogenic triggers are associated with neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Ferritin is a key player involved in iron homeostasis. Major pathological hallmarks of AD are amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and synaptic loss that lead to cognitive dysfunction and memory loss. Natural compounds persist in being the most excellent molecules in the area of drug discovery because of their different range of therapeutic applications. Bryostatins are naturally occurring macrocyclic lactones that can be implicated in AD therapeutics. Among them, Bryostatin 1 regulates protein kinase C, a crucial player in AD pathophysiology, thus highlighting the importance of bryostatin 1 in AD management. Thus, this study explores the binding mechanism of Bryotstain 1 with ferritin. In this work, the molecular docking calculations revealed that bryostatin 1 has an appreciable binding potential towards ferritin by forming stable hydrogen bonds (H-bonds). Molecular dynamics simulation studies deciphered the binding mechanism and conformational dynamics of ferrritin-bryostatin 1 system. The analyses of root mean square deviation, root mean square fluctuations, Rg, solvent accessible surface area, H-bonds and principal component analysis revealed the stability of the ferritin-bryostatin 1 docked complex throughout the trajectory of 100 ns. Moreover, the free energy landscape analysis advocated that the ferritin-bryostatin 1 complex stabilized to the global minimum. Altogether, the present work delineated the binding of bryostatin 1 with ferritin that can be implicated in the management of AD.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moyad Shahwan
- College of Pharmacy & Health sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates.,Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fahad A Alhumaydhi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sharaf E Sharaf
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.,Clinical Research Administration, Executive Administration of Research and Innovation, King Abdullah Medical City in Holy Capital, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Badrah S Alghamdi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,The Neuroscience Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Baeesa
- Division of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haythum O Tayeb
- The Neuroscience Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anas Shamsi
- Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates.,Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, India
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5
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Lan H, Gao Y, Zhao Z, Mei Z, Wang F. Ferroptosis: Redox Imbalance and Hematological Tumorigenesis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:834681. [PMID: 35155264 PMCID: PMC8826956 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.834681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a novel characterized form of cell death featured with iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, which is distinct from any known programmed cell death in the biological processes and morphological characteristics. Recent evidence points out that ferroptosis is correlated with numerous metabolic pathways, including iron homeostasis, lipid metabolism, and redox homeostasis, associating with the occurrence and treatment of hematological malignancies, such as multiple myeloma, leukemia, and lymphoma. Nowadays, utilizing ferroptosis as the target to prevent and treat hematological malignancies has become an active and challenging topic of research, and the regulatory network and physiological function of ferroptosis also need to be further elucidated. This review will summarize the recent progress in the molecular regulation of ferroptosis and the physiological roles and therapeutic potential of ferroptosis as the target in hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongying Lan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengyang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Ziqing Mei
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
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6
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Rethinking IRPs/IRE system in neurodegenerative disorders: Looking beyond iron metabolism. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 73:101511. [PMID: 34767973 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Iron regulatory proteins (IRPs) and iron regulatory element (IRE) systems are well known in the progression of neurodegenerative disorders by regulating iron related proteins. IRPs are also regulated by iron homeostasis. However, an increasing number of studies have suggested a close relationship between the IRPs/IRE system and non-iron-related neurodegenerative disorders. In this paper, we reviewed that the IRPs/IRE system is not only controlled by iron ions, but also regulated by such factors as post-translational modification, oxygen, nitric oxide (NO), heme, interleukin-1 (IL-1), and metal ions. In addition, by regulating the transcription of non-iron related proteins, the IRPs/IRE system functioned in oxidative metabolism, cell cycle regulation, abnormal proteins aggregation, and neuroinflammation. Finally, by emphasizing the multiple regulations of IRPs/IRE system and its potential relationship with non-iron metabolic neurodegenerative disorders, we provided new strategies for disease treatment targeting IRPs/IRE system.
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7
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Fischer C, Volani C, Komlódi T, Seifert M, Demetz E, Valente de Souza L, Auer K, Petzer V, von Raffay L, Moser P, Gnaiger E, Weiss G. Dietary Iron Overload and Hfe-/- Related Hemochromatosis Alter Hepatic Mitochondrial Function. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111818. [PMID: 34829689 PMCID: PMC8615072 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is an essential co-factor for many cellular metabolic processes, and mitochondria are main sites of utilization. Iron accumulation promotes production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) via the catalytic activity of iron species. Herein, we investigated the consequences of dietary and genetic iron overload on mitochondrial function. C57BL/6N wildtype and Hfe-/- mice, the latter a genetic hemochromatosis model, received either normal diet (ND) or high iron diet (HI) for two weeks. Liver mitochondrial respiration was measured using high-resolution respirometry along with analysis of expression of specific proteins and ROS production. HI promoted tissue iron accumulation and slightly affected mitochondrial function in wildtype mice. Hepatic mitochondrial function was impaired in Hfe-/- mice on ND and HI. Compared to wildtype mice, Hfe-/- mice on ND showed increased mitochondrial respiratory capacity. Hfe-/- mice on HI showed very high liver iron levels, decreased mitochondrial respiratory capacity and increased ROS production associated with reduced mitochondrial aconitase activity. Although Hfe-/- resulted in increased mitochondrial iron loading, the concentration of metabolically reactive cytoplasmic iron and mitochondrial density remained unchanged. Our data show multiple effects of dietary and genetic iron loading on mitochondrial function and linked metabolic pathways, providing an explanation for fatigue in iron-overloaded hemochromatosis patients, and suggests iron reduction therapy for improvement of mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Fischer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (C.F.); (C.V.); (M.S.); (E.D.); (L.V.d.S.); (K.A.); (V.P.); (L.v.R.)
| | - Chiara Volani
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (C.F.); (C.V.); (M.S.); (E.D.); (L.V.d.S.); (K.A.); (V.P.); (L.v.R.)
| | - Timea Komlódi
- Oroboros Instruments, Schöpfstrasse 18, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (T.K.); (E.G.)
| | - Markus Seifert
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (C.F.); (C.V.); (M.S.); (E.D.); (L.V.d.S.); (K.A.); (V.P.); (L.v.R.)
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Iron Metabolism and Anemia Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Egon Demetz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (C.F.); (C.V.); (M.S.); (E.D.); (L.V.d.S.); (K.A.); (V.P.); (L.v.R.)
| | - Lara Valente de Souza
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (C.F.); (C.V.); (M.S.); (E.D.); (L.V.d.S.); (K.A.); (V.P.); (L.v.R.)
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Iron Metabolism and Anemia Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Kristina Auer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (C.F.); (C.V.); (M.S.); (E.D.); (L.V.d.S.); (K.A.); (V.P.); (L.v.R.)
| | - Verena Petzer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (C.F.); (C.V.); (M.S.); (E.D.); (L.V.d.S.); (K.A.); (V.P.); (L.v.R.)
| | - Laura von Raffay
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (C.F.); (C.V.); (M.S.); (E.D.); (L.V.d.S.); (K.A.); (V.P.); (L.v.R.)
| | - Patrizia Moser
- Department of Pathology, Innsbruck University Hospital, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Erich Gnaiger
- Oroboros Instruments, Schöpfstrasse 18, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (T.K.); (E.G.)
| | - Guenter Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (C.F.); (C.V.); (M.S.); (E.D.); (L.V.d.S.); (K.A.); (V.P.); (L.v.R.)
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Iron Metabolism and Anemia Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-(0)512/504-23251
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8
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Dai J, Teng X, Jin S, Wu Y. The Antiviral Roles of Hydrogen Sulfide by Blocking the Interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and Its Potential Cell Surface Receptors. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:7866992. [PMID: 34497683 PMCID: PMC8421161 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7866992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is posing a great threat to the global economy and public health security. Together with the acknowledged angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, glucose-regulated protein 78, transferrin receptor, AXL, kidney injury molecule-1, and neuropilin 1 are also identified as potential receptors to mediate SARS-CoV-2 infection. Therefore, how to inhibit or delay the binding of SARS-CoV-2 with the abovementioned receptors is a key step for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. As the third gasotransmitter, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) plays an important role in many physiological and pathophysiological processes. Recently, survivors were reported to have significantly higher H2S levels in COVID-19 patients, and mortality was significantly greater among patients with decreased H2S levels. Considering that the beneficial role of H2S against COVID-19 and COVID-19-induced comorbidities and multiorgan damage has been well-examined and reported in some excellent reviews, this review will discuss the recent findings on the potential receptors of SARS-CoV-2 and how H2S modulates the above receptors, in turn blocking SARS-CoV-2 entry into host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Dai
- Department of Clinical Diagnostics, Hebei Medical University, Hebei 050017, China
| | - Xu Teng
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Hebei 050017, China
| | - Sheng Jin
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Hebei 050017, China
| | - Yuming Wu
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Hebei 050017, China
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, Hebei 050017, China
- Key Laboratory of Vascular Medicine of Hebei Province, Hebei 050017, China
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9
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Moulis JM. Cellular Dynamics of Transition Metal Exchange on Proteins: A Challenge but a Bonanza for Coordination Chemistry. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1584. [PMID: 33233467 PMCID: PMC7700505 DOI: 10.3390/biom10111584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Transition metals interact with a large proportion of the proteome in all forms of life, and they play mandatory and irreplaceable roles. The dynamics of ligand binding to ions of transition metals falls within the realm of Coordination Chemistry, and it provides the basic principles controlling traffic, regulation, and use of metals in cells. Yet, the cellular environment stands out against the conditions prevailing in the test tube when studying metal ions and their interactions with various ligands. Indeed, the complex and often changing cellular environment stimulates fast metal-ligand exchange that mostly escapes presently available probing methods. Reducing the complexity of the problem with purified proteins or in model organisms, although useful, is not free from pitfalls and misleading results. These problems arise mainly from the absence of the biosynthetic machinery and accessory proteins or chaperones dealing with metal / metal groups in cells. Even cells struggle with metal selectivity, as they do not have a metal-directed quality control system for metalloproteins, and serendipitous metal binding is probably not exceptional. The issue of metal exchange in biology is reviewed with particular reference to iron and illustrating examples in patho-physiology, regulation, nutrition, and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marc Moulis
- Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission—Fundamental Research Division—Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble (CEA-IRIG), University of Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France;
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research, University of Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1055, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics (LBFA), University of Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1055, F-38000 Grenoble, France
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10
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Biasiotto G, Filosto M, Zanella I. Editorial: Iron and Neurodegeneration. Front Neurosci 2020; 13:1382. [PMID: 31920529 PMCID: PMC6933611 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Biasiotto
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.,Section of Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Filosto
- Neurology Unit, Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases and Neuropathies, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Isabella Zanella
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.,Section of Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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11
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Horinouchi Y, Ikeda Y, Tamaki T. [Body iron accumulation in obesity, diabetes and its complications, and the possibility of therapeutic application by iron regulation]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2019; 154:316-321. [PMID: 31787683 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.154.316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Iron is an essential trace metal element for maintaining vital functions, and it is involved in hemoglobin synthesis, redox reaction, enzyme activity, cell proliferation and apoptosis in various cells. Iron deficient-related diseases represented anemia are well-known, on the other hand, iron overload disease has attracted little attention. Excessive iron produces hydroxyl radicals via Fenton/Haber-Weiss reaction, causing organ damage in hereditary iron overload diseases. Additionally, it has been clarified that iron accumulation is involved in the pathological conditions even in metabolic diseases thought to be unrelated to iron so far. Therefore, the role of iron in the living body has been raised attention again. Recent studies have reported that body iron content is associated with both obesity and diabetes, and iron might be an aggravating factor of obesity and diabetes. We have revealed that iron chelating agent reduced oxidative stress and inflammation, suppressing the development of adipose hypertrophy in KKAy mice. Dietary iron restriction also diminishes oxidative stress, leading to the inhibition of increased albuminuria excretion and glomerular lesions in db/db mice. In this review, we give an outline of the role of iron on obese and diabetes, and diabetic kidney disease, and present the possibility of application to treatment with iron regulation in those disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Horinouchi
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School
| | - Yasumasa Ikeda
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School
| | - Toshiaki Tamaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School
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12
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Hamed SA. Neurologic conditions and disorders of uremic syndrome of chronic kidney disease: presentations, causes, and treatment strategies. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2019; 12:61-90. [PMID: 30501441 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2019.1555468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sherifa A. Hamed
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Assiut University Hospital, Assiut, Egypt
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13
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Haschka D, Volani C, Stefani A, Tymoszuk P, Mitterling T, Holzknecht E, Heidbreder A, Coassin S, Sumbalova Z, Seifert M, Dichtl S, Theurl I, Gnaiger E, Kronenberg F, Frauscher B, Högl B, Weiss G. Association of mitochondrial iron deficiency and dysfunction with idiopathic restless legs syndrome. Mov Disord 2018; 34:114-123. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.27482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David Haschka
- Department of Internal Medicine II Medical University of Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria
| | - Chiara Volani
- Department of Internal Medicine II Medical University of Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria
| | - Ambra Stefani
- Department of Neurology Medical University of Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria
| | - Piotr Tymoszuk
- Department of Internal Medicine II Medical University of Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria
| | - Thomas Mitterling
- Department of Neurology Medical University of Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria
- Department of Neurology Wagner‐Jauregg Hospital Linz Linz Austria
| | - Evi Holzknecht
- Department of Neurology Medical University of Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria
| | - Anna Heidbreder
- Department of Neurology Medical University of Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria
- Department of Neurology, Division of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Disorders University Hospital Muenster Muenster Germany
| | - Stefan Coassin
- Department of Medical Genetics, Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Medical University of Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria
| | - Zuzana Sumbalova
- Pharmacobiochemical Laboratory of the 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Bratislava Comenius University Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Markus Seifert
- Department of Internal Medicine II Medical University of Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria
| | - Stefanie Dichtl
- Department of Internal Medicine II Medical University of Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria
| | - Igor Theurl
- Department of Internal Medicine II Medical University of Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria
| | - Erich Gnaiger
- Department of General and Transplant Surgery, D. Swarovski Research Laboratory Medical University of Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria
| | - Florian Kronenberg
- Department of Medical Genetics, Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Medical University of Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria
| | - Birgit Frauscher
- Department of Neurology Medical University of Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria
| | - Birgit Högl
- Department of Neurology Medical University of Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria
| | - Guenter Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine II Medical University of Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Iron Metabolism and Anemia Research Medical University of Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria
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14
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Volani C, Doerrier C, Demetz E, Haschka D, Paglia G, Lavdas AA, Gnaiger E, Weiss G. Dietary iron loading negatively affects liver mitochondrial function. Metallomics 2018; 9:1634-1644. [PMID: 29026901 DOI: 10.1039/c7mt00177k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Iron is an essential co-factor for several metabolic processes, including mitochondrial respiration, and mitochondria are the major sites of iron-utilization. Cellular iron homeostasis must be tightly regulated, as intracellular iron deficiency can lead to insufficient energy production, whereas iron overload triggers ROS (reactive oxygen species) formation via the Fenton reaction. So far little is known on how iron imbalances affect mitochondrial function in vivo and the impact of the genotype on that, we studied the effects of dietary iron loading on mitochondrial respiratory capacity in liver by comparing two genetically divergent mouse strains, namely C57BL/6N and FVB mice. Both mouse strains differed in their basal iron levels and their metabolic responses to iron loading as determined by expression of iron trafficking proteins (ferritin was increased in livers of animals receiving high iron diet) as well as tissue iron content (2-fold increase, FVB p = 0.0013; C57BL/6N p = 0.0022). Dietary iron exposure caused a significant impairment of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, especially regarding OXPHOS capacity (FVB p = 0.0006; C57BL/6N p = 0.0087) and S-ETS capacity (FVB p = 0.0281; C57BL/6N p = 0.0159). These effects were more pronounced in C57BL/6N than in FVB mice and were paralleled by an iron mediated induction of oxidative stress in mitochondria. The increased susceptibility of C57BL6/N mice to iron loading may be due to reduced expression of anti-oxidant defense mechanisms and altered iron trafficking upon dietary challenge pointing to a role of genetic modifiers for cellular and mitochondrial iron trafficking. Finally, iron-mediated induction of mitochondrial oxidative stress and reduction of oxidative phosphorylation may underlie fatigue in subjects with iron loading diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Volani
- Department of Internal Medicine II (Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology and Pneumology), Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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15
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Weaver RJ, Wang P, Hill GE, Cobine PA. An in vivo test of the biologically relevant roles of carotenoids as antioxidants in animals. J Exp Biol 2018; 221:jeb.183665. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.183665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Carotenoids are well known for their contribution to the vibrant coloration of many animals and have been hypothesized to be important antioxidants. Surprisingly few examples of carotenoids acting as biologically relevant antioxidants in vivo exist, in part because experimental designs often employ dosing animals with carotenoids at levels that are rarely observed in nature. Here we use an approach that reduces carotenoid content from wild-type levels to test for the effect of carotenoids as protectants against an oxidative challenge. We used the marine copepod, Tigriopus californicus reared on a carotenoid-free or a carotenoid-restored diet of nutritional yeast and then exposed them to a prooxidant. We found that carotenoid-deficient copepods not only accumulated more damage, but also were more likely to die during an oxidative challenge than carotenoid-restored copepods. We suggest that carotenoid reduction, and not supplementation, better tests the proposed roles of carotenoids in other physiological functions in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J. Weaver
- Department of Biological Sciences, 331 Funchess Hall, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849 USA
| | - Philip Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, 331 Funchess Hall, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849 USA
| | - Geoffrey E. Hill
- Department of Biological Sciences, 331 Funchess Hall, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849 USA
| | - Paul A. Cobine
- Department of Biological Sciences, 331 Funchess Hall, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849 USA
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16
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Ikeda Y, Horinouchi Y, Hamano H, Hirayama T, Kishi S, Izawa-Ishizawa Y, Imanishi M, Zamami Y, Takechi K, Miyamoto L, Ishizawa K, Aihara KI, Nagasawa H, Tsuchiya K, Tamaki T. Dietary iron restriction alleviates renal tubulointerstitial injury induced by protein overload in mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10621. [PMID: 28878231 PMCID: PMC5587788 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11089-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased proteinuria causes tubulointerstitial injury due to inflammation in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Iron restriction exhibits protective effects against renal dysfunction; however, its effects against protein overload-induced tubulointerstitial damage remain unclear. Here, we investigated dietary iron restriction effect on tubulointerstitial damage in mice with protein-overload tubulointerstitial injury. Renal tubulointerstitial injury in animal model was induced by intraperitoneal injection of an overdose of bovine serum albumin (BSA). We divided mice into three groups: normal saline + normal diet (ND), BSA + ND, and BSA + iron-restricted diet (IRD). BSA overload induced renal tubulointerstitial injury in the ND mice, which was ameliorated in the IRD mice. Inflammatory cytokines and extracellular matrix mRNA expression was upregulated in BSA + ND mice kidneys and was inhibited by IRD. BSA-induced increase in renal superoxide production, NADPH oxidase activity, and p22phox expression was diminished in the IRD mice. IRD suppression increased BSA-induced renal macrophage infiltration. Moreover, BSA mice exhibited nucleotide-binding oligomerisation domain-like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein (NLRP) inflammasome activation, which was inhibited by IRD. Ferrous iron increased in kidneys with BSA overload and was inhibited by IRD. Thus, iron restriction inhibited oxidative stress and inflammatory changes, contributing to the protective effect against BSA overload-induced tubulointerstitial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasumasa Ikeda
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.
| | - Yuya Horinouchi
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Hamano
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.,Department of Pharmacy, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tasuku Hirayama
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Seiji Kishi
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yuki Izawa-Ishizawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masaki Imanishi
- Department of Pharmacy, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yoshito Zamami
- Department of Pharmacy, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kenshi Takechi
- Clinical Trial Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Licht Miyamoto
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Keisuke Ishizawa
- Department of Pharmacy, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Aihara
- Department of Community Medicine for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hideko Nagasawa
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Koichiro Tsuchiya
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Tamaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
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17
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Abela L, Spiegel R, Crowther LM, Klein A, Steindl K, Papuc SM, Joset P, Zehavi Y, Rauch A, Plecko B, Simmons TL. Plasma metabolomics reveals a diagnostic metabolic fingerprint for mitochondrial aconitase (ACO2) deficiency. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176363. [PMID: 28463998 PMCID: PMC5413020 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial respiratory chain dysfunction has been identified in a number of neurodegenerative disorders. Infantile cerebellar-retinal degeneration associated with mutations in the mitochondrial aconitase 2 gene (ACO2) has been recently described as a neurodegenerative disease of autosomal recessive inheritance. To date there is no biomarker for ACO2 deficiency and diagnosis relies on genetic analysis. Here we report global metabolic profiling in eight patients with ACO2 deficiency. Using an LC-MS-based metabolomics platform we have identified several metabolites with affected plasma concentrations including the tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites cis-aconitate, isocitrate and alpha-ketoglutarate, as well as phosphoenolpyruvate and hydroxybutyrate. Taken together we report a diagnostic metabolic fingerprint for mitochondrial aconitase 2 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Abela
- Division of Child Neurology, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Children’s Research Centre, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Radiz–Rare Disease Initiative Zurich, Clinical Research Priority Program for Rare Diseases, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ronen Spiegel
- Department of Pediatrics B, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel
| | - Lisa M. Crowther
- Division of Child Neurology, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Children’s Research Centre, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Radiz–Rare Disease Initiative Zurich, Clinical Research Priority Program for Rare Diseases, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Klein
- Division of Child Neurology, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Steindl
- Radiz–Rare Disease Initiative Zurich, Clinical Research Priority Program for Rare Diseases, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Sorina Mihaela Papuc
- Radiz–Rare Disease Initiative Zurich, Clinical Research Priority Program for Rare Diseases, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Joset
- Radiz–Rare Disease Initiative Zurich, Clinical Research Priority Program for Rare Diseases, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Yoav Zehavi
- Department of Pediatrics B, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel
| | - Anita Rauch
- Radiz–Rare Disease Initiative Zurich, Clinical Research Priority Program for Rare Diseases, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Plecko
- Division of Child Neurology, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Children’s Research Centre, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Radiz–Rare Disease Initiative Zurich, Clinical Research Priority Program for Rare Diseases, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Luke Simmons
- Division of Child Neurology, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Children’s Research Centre, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Radiz–Rare Disease Initiative Zurich, Clinical Research Priority Program for Rare Diseases, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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18
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Liu H, Zhang C, Wang J, Zhou C, Feng H, Mahajan MD, Han X. Influence and interaction of iron and cadmium on photosynthesis and antioxidative enzymes in two rice cultivars. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 171:240-247. [PMID: 28024209 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.12.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a soil pot experiment was conducted to investigate the changes in photosynthesis and antioxidative enzymes in two rice varieties (Shendao 6 and Shennong 265) supplied with iron (Fe), cadmium (Cd), and Fe and Cd together. The concentrations of Fe and Cd in the soil were 0, 1.0 g Fe·kg-1 and 0, 2.0 mg Cd·kg-1, respectively. Photosynthetic indices and antioxidative enzyme activities were recorded at different rice growth stages. At the early stage, Cd showed a transient stimulatory effect on the photosynthetic rate of Shennong 265. For Shendao 6, however, Cd showed a transient stimulatory effect on photosynthetic rate, intercellular CO2 concentration, stomatal conductance and transpiration efficiency. In addition, the results show that Cd can also enhance the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activities, but reduce the malondialdehyde (MDA) and soluble protein contents in the two rice cultivars. Subsequently, Cd starts to inhibit photosynthesis and SOD activity until the ripening stage, causing the lowest photosynthetic rate and SOD activity at this stage. In contrast, Fe alleviates the Cd-induced changes at earlier or later growth stage. Notably at the later growth stage, the results show that the interaction between Fe and Cd increases the SOD and catalase (CAT) activities, while decreasing the lipid peroxidation and promoting photosynthesis. As a result, it ultimately increases the biomass. The results from this study suggest that Fe (as Fe fertilizer) is a promising alternative for agricultural use to enhance the plant development and, simultaneously, to reduce Cd toxicity in extensively polluted soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houjun Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Chengxin Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Junmei Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Chongjun Zhou
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Huan Feng
- Department of Earth and Environmental Studies, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043, USA
| | - Manoj D Mahajan
- Department of Technology and Society, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Xiaori Han
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
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19
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Stiban J, So M, Kaguni LS. Iron-Sulfur Clusters in Mitochondrial Metabolism: Multifaceted Roles of a Simple Cofactor. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2017; 81:1066-1080. [PMID: 27908232 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297916100059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Iron-sulfur metabolism is essential for cellular function and is a key process in mitochondria. In this review, we focus on the structure and assembly of mitochondrial iron-sulfur clusters and their roles in various metabolic processes that occur in mitochondria. Iron-sulfur clusters are crucial in mitochondrial respiration, in which they are required for the assembly, stability, and function of respiratory complexes I, II, and III. They also serve important functions in the citric acid cycle, DNA metabolism, and apoptosis. Whereas the identification of iron-sulfur containing proteins and their roles in numerous aspects of cellular function has been a long-standing research area, that in mitochondria is comparatively recent, and it is likely that their roles within mitochondria have been only partially revealed. We review the status of the field and provide examples of other cellular iron-sulfur proteins to highlight their multifarious roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnny Stiban
- Birzeit University, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, West Bank Birzeit, 627, Palestine.
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20
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Does any drug to treat cancer target mTOR and iron hemostasis in neurodegenerative disorders? Biometals 2016; 30:1-16. [PMID: 27853903 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-016-9981-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease are increased by age. Alleviation of their symptoms and protection of normal neurons against degeneration are the main aspects of the research to establish novel therapeutic strategies. Iron as the one of most important cation not only play important role in the structure of electron transport chain proteins but also has pivotal duties in cellular activities. But disruption in iron hemostasis can make it toxin to neurons which causes lipid peroxidation, DNA damage and etc. In patients with Alzheimer and Parkinson misbalancing in iron homeostasis accelerate neurodegeneration and cause neuroinflmmation. mTOR as the common signaling pathway between cancer and neurodegenerative disorders controls iron uptake and it is in active form in both diseases. Anti-cancer drugs which target mTOR causes iron deficiency and dual effects of mTOR inhibitors can candidate them as a therapeutic strategy to alleviate neurodegeneration/inflammation because of iron overloading.
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21
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Jahan S, Falah S, Ullah H, Ullah A, Rauf N. Antioxidant enzymes status and reproductive health of adult male workers exposed to brick kiln pollutants in Pakistan. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:12932-12940. [PMID: 26996903 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6454-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to study the effect of brick kilns emissions on the reproductive health and biochemical status of brick kiln workers and people living in the area near brick kilns. Body mass index (BMI) was significantly reduced in brick makers, carriers, and bakers compared to the control. Red blood cells count and hematocrit (%) were significantly high in brick bakers while MCH was significantly reduced in brick makers and brick bakers. Heavy metals (lead, cadmium, and chromium) concentration in whole blood of the brick kiln workers were significantly higher as compared to the control. Antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, POD, GSH, and GR) were significantly reduced in brick kiln workers as compared to the control while TBARS level were significantly high in brick bakers as compared to the control. Plasma leutinizing hormone (LH) was significantly high in brick bakers while testosterone concentrations were significantly reduced in brick makers, carriers, and bakers. The present study shows that brick kiln workers and people living in the brick kiln vicinity are exposed to heavy metals and other pollutants that is a serious threat to their health. Alternate technology is needed to be developed and brick kilns should be replaced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarwat Jahan
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Samreen Falah
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Hizb Ullah
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Asad Ullah
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Naveed Rauf
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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22
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Ikeda Y, Imao M, Satoh A, Watanabe H, Hamano H, Horinouchi Y, Izawa-Ishizawa Y, Kihira Y, Miyamoto L, Ishizawa K, Tsuchiya K, Tamaki T. Iron-induced skeletal muscle atrophy involves an Akt-forkhead box O3-E3 ubiquitin ligase-dependent pathway. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2016; 35:66-76. [PMID: 27049128 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2016.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 01/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle wasting or sarcopenia is a critical health problem. Skeletal muscle atrophy is induced by an excess of iron, which is an essential trace metal for all living organisms. Excessive amounts of iron catalyze the formation of highly toxic hydroxyl radicals via the Fenton reaction. However, the molecular mechanism of iron-induced skeletal muscle atrophy has remained unclear. In this study, 8-weeks-old C57BL6/J mice were divided into 2 groups: vehicle-treated group and the iron-injected group (10 mg iron day(-1)mouse(-1)) during 2 weeks. Mice in the iron-injected group showed an increase in the iron content of the skeletal muscle and serum and ferritin levels in the muscle, along with reduced skeletal muscle mass. The skeletal muscle showed elevated mRNA expression of the muscle atrophy-related E3 ubiquitin ligases, atrogin-1 and muscle ring finger-1(MuRF1), on days 7 and 14 of iron treatment. Moreover, iron-treated mice showed reduced phosphorylation of Akt and forkhead box O3 (FOXO3a) in skeletal muscles. Inhibition of FOXO3a using siRNA in vitro in C2C12 myotube cells inhibited iron-induced upregulation of atrogin-1 and MuRF1 and reversed the reduction in myotube diameters. Iron-load caused oxidative stress, and an oxidative stress inhibitor abrogated iron-induced muscle atrophy by reactivating the Akt-FOXO3a pathway. Iron-induced skeletal muscle atrophy is suggested to involve the E3 ubiquitin ligase mediated by the reduction of Akt-FOXO3a signaling by oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasumasa Ikeda
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.
| | - Mizuki Imao
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Akiho Satoh
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Watanabe
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Hamano
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan; Department of Pharmacy, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yuya Horinouchi
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan; Department of Pharmacy, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yuki Izawa-Ishizawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Kihira
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Licht Miyamoto
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Keisuke Ishizawa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan; Department of Pharmacy, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Koichiro Tsuchiya
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Tamaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
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23
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Dual Role of ROS as Signal and Stress Agents: Iron Tips the Balance in favor of Toxic Effects. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:8629024. [PMID: 27006749 PMCID: PMC4783558 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8629024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Iron is essential for life, while also being potentially harmful. Therefore, its level is strictly monitored and complex pathways have evolved to keep iron safely bound to transport or storage proteins, thereby maintaining homeostasis at the cellular and systemic levels. These sequestration mechanisms ensure that mildly reactive oxygen species like anion superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, which are continuously generated in cells living under aerobic conditions, keep their physiologic role in cell signaling while escaping iron-catalyzed transformation in the highly toxic hydroxyl radical. In this review, we describe the multifaceted systems regulating cellular and body iron homeostasis and discuss how altered iron balance may lead to oxidative damage in some pathophysiological settings.
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24
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Talib J, Davies MJ. Exposure of aconitase to smoking-related oxidants results in iron loss and increased iron response protein-1 activity: potential mechanisms for iron accumulation in human arterial cells. J Biol Inorg Chem 2016; 21:305-17. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-016-1340-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Schreinemachers DM, Ghio AJ. Effects of Environmental Pollutants on Cellular Iron Homeostasis and Ultimate Links to Human Disease. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH INSIGHTS 2016; 10:35-43. [PMID: 26966372 PMCID: PMC4782969 DOI: 10.4137/ehi.s36225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Chronic disease has increased in the past several decades, and environmental pollutants have been implicated. The magnitude and variety of diseases may indicate the malfunctioning of some basic mechanisms underlying human health. Environmental pollutants demonstrate a capability to complex iron through electronegative functional groups containing oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur. Cellular exposure to the chemical or its metabolite may cause a loss of requisite functional iron from intracellular sites. The cell is compelled to acquire further iron critical to its survival by activation of iron-responsive proteins and increasing iron import. Iron homeostasis in the exposed cells is altered due to a new equilibrium being established between iron-requiring cells and the inappropriate chelator (the pollutant or its catabolite). Following exposure to environmental pollutants, the perturbation of functional iron homeostasis may be the mechanism leading to adverse biological effects. Understanding the mechanism may lead to intervention methods for this major public health concern.
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Bresgen N, Eckl PM. Oxidative stress and the homeodynamics of iron metabolism. Biomolecules 2015; 5:808-47. [PMID: 25970586 PMCID: PMC4496698 DOI: 10.3390/biom5020808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron and oxygen share a delicate partnership since both are indispensable for survival, but if the partnership becomes inadequate, this may rapidly terminate life. Virtually all cell components are directly or indirectly affected by cellular iron metabolism, which represents a complex, redox-based machinery that is controlled by, and essential to, metabolic requirements. Under conditions of increased oxidative stress—i.e., enhanced formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS)—however, this machinery may turn into a potential threat, the continued requirement for iron promoting adverse reactions such as the iron/H2O2-based formation of hydroxyl radicals, which exacerbate the initial pro-oxidant condition. This review will discuss the multifaceted homeodynamics of cellular iron management under normal conditions as well as in the context of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaus Bresgen
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Peter M Eckl
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
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Tamura K, Uneda K, Azushima K, Wakui H, Haruhara K. Possible therapeutic impact of the iron chelation on renal fibrosis. Hypertens Res 2015; 38:455-6. [PMID: 25876833 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2015.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kouichi Tamura
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kazushi Uneda
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kengo Azushima
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Wakui
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kotaro Haruhara
- 1] Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan [2] Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Tajima S, Ikeda Y, Enomoto H, Imao M, Horinouchi Y, Izawa-Ishizawa Y, Kihira Y, Miyamoto L, Ishizawa K, Tsuchiya K, Tamaki T. Angiotensin II alters the expression of duodenal iron transporters, hepatic hepcidin, and body iron distribution in mice. Eur J Nutr 2014; 54:709-19. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-014-0749-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Rodrigues R, Petersen RB, Perry G. Parallels between major depressive disorder and Alzheimer's disease: role of oxidative stress and genetic vulnerability. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2014; 34:925-49. [PMID: 24927694 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-014-0074-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The thesis of this review is that oxidative stress is the central factor in major depressive disorder (MDD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The major elements involved are inflammatory cytokines, the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, the hypothalamic-pituitary gonadal, and arginine vasopressin systems, which induce glucocorticoid and "oxidopamatergic" cascades when triggered by psychosocial stress, severe life-threatening events, and mental-affective and somatic diseases. In individuals with a genomic vulnerability to depression, these cascades may result in chronic depression-anxiety-stress spectra, resulting in MDD and other known depressive syndromes. In contrast, in subjects with genomic vulnerability to AD, oxidative stress-induced brain damage triggers specific antioxidant defenses, i.e., increased levels of amyloid-β (Aβ) and aggregation of hyper-phosphorylated tau, resulting in paired helical filaments and impaired functions related to the ApoEε4 isoform, leading to complex pathological cascades culminating in AD. Surprisingly, all the AD-associated molecular pathways mentioned in this review have been shown to be similar or analogous to those found in depression, including structural damage, i.e., hippocampal and frontal cortex atrophy. Other interacting molecular signals, i.e., GSK-3β, convergent survival factors (brain-derived neurotrophic factor and heat shock proteins), and transition redox metals are also mentioned to emphasize the vast array of intermediates that could interact via comparable mechanisms in both MDD and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Rodrigues
- College of Sciences, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA,
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Chege PM, McColl G. Caenorhabditis elegans: a model to investigate oxidative stress and metal dyshomeostasis in Parkinson's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2014; 6:89. [PMID: 24904406 PMCID: PMC4032941 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2014.00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by progressive motor impairment attributed to progressive loss of dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Additional clinical manifestations include non-motor symptoms such as insomnia, depression, psychosis, and cognitive impairment. PD patients with mild cognitive impairment have an increased risk of developing dementia. The affected brain regions also show perturbed metal ion levels, primarily iron. These observations have led to speculation that metal ion dyshomeostasis plays a key role in the neuronal death of this disease. However, the mechanisms underlying this metal-associated neurodegeneration have yet to be completely elucidated. Mammalian models have traditionally been used to investigate PD pathogenesis. However, alternate animal models are also being adopted, bringing to bear their respective experimental advantage. The nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans, is one such system that has well-developed genetics, is amenable to transgenesis and has relatively low associated experimental costs. C. elegans has a well characterized neuronal network that includes a simple DAergic system. In this review we will discuss mechanisms thought to underlie PD and the use of C. elegans to investigate these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gawain McColl
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of MelbourneParkville, VIC, Australia
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31
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Iron homeostasis in breast cancer. Cancer Lett 2014; 347:1-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Gammella E, Maccarinelli F, Buratti P, Recalcati S, Cairo G. The role of iron in anthracycline cardiotoxicity. Front Pharmacol 2014; 5:25. [PMID: 24616701 PMCID: PMC3935484 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2014.00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical use of the antitumor anthracycline Doxorubicin is limited by the risk of severe cardiotoxicity. The mechanisms underlying anthracycline-dependent cardiotoxicity are multiple and remain uncompletely understood, but many observations indicate that interactions with cellular iron metabolism are important. Convincing evidence showing that iron plays a role in Doxorubicin cardiotoxicity is provided by the protecting efficacy of iron chelation in patients and experimental models, and studies showing that iron overload exacerbates the cardiotoxic effects of the drug, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be completely characterized. Since anthracyclines generate reactive oxygen species, increased iron-catalyzed formation of free radicals appears an obvious explanation for the aggravating role of iron in Doxorubicin cardiotoxicity, but antioxidants did not offer protection in clinical settings. Moreover, how the interaction between reactive oxygen species and iron damages heart cells exposed to Doxorubicin is still unclear. This review discusses the pathogenic role of the disruption of iron homeostasis in Doxorubicin-mediated cardiotoxicity in the context of current and future pharmacologic approaches to cardioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Gammella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milano Milano, Italy
| | - Federica Maccarinelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia Brescia, Italy
| | - Paolo Buratti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milano Milano, Italy
| | - Stefania Recalcati
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milano Milano, Italy
| | - Gaetano Cairo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milano Milano, Italy
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Ikeda Y, Ozono I, Tajima S, Imao M, Horinouchi Y, Izawa-Ishizawa Y, Kihira Y, Miyamoto L, Ishizawa K, Tsuchiya K, Tamaki T. Iron chelation by deferoxamine prevents renal interstitial fibrosis in mice with unilateral ureteral obstruction. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89355. [PMID: 24586712 PMCID: PMC3929716 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis plays an important role in the onset and progression of chronic kidney diseases (CKD). Although several mechanisms underlying renal fibrosis and candidate drugs for its treatment have been identified, the effect of iron chelator on renal fibrosis remains unclear. In the present study, we examined the effect of an iron chelator, deferoxamine (DFO), on renal fibrosis in mice with surgically induced unilateral ureter obstruction (UUO). Mice were divided into 4 groups: UUO with vehicle, UUO with DFO, sham with vehicle, and sham with DFO. One week after surgery, augmented renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis and the expression of collagen I, III, and IV increased in mice with UUO; these changes were suppressed by DFO treatment. Similarly, UUO-induced macrophage infiltration of renal interstitial tubules was reduced in UUO mice treated with DFO. UUO-induced expression of inflammatory cytokines and extracellular matrix proteins was abrogated by DFO treatment. DFO inhibited the activation of the transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-Smad3 pathway in UUO mice. UUO-induced NADPH oxidase activity and p22phox expression were attenuated by DFO. In the kidneys of UUO mice, divalent metal transporter 1, ferroportin, and ferritin expression was higher and transferrin receptor expression was lower than in sham-operated mice. Increased renal iron content was observed in UUO mice, which was reduced by DFO treatment. These results suggest that iron reduction by DFO prevents renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis by regulating TGF-β-Smad signaling, oxidative stress, and inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasumasa Ikeda
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Iori Ozono
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
- Student Lab, The University of Tokushima Faculty of Medicine, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Soichiro Tajima
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Mizuki Imao
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yuya Horinouchi
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yuki Izawa-Ishizawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Kihira
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Licht Miyamoto
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Keisuke Ishizawa
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Koichiro Tsuchiya
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Tamaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
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Oliveira F, Rocha S, Fernandes R. Iron metabolism: from health to disease. J Clin Lab Anal 2014; 28:210-8. [PMID: 24478115 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.21668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iron is vital for almost all living organisms by participating in a wide range of metabolic processes. However, iron concentration in body tissues must be tightly regulated since excessive iron may lead to microbial infections or cause tissue damage. Disorders of iron metabolism are among the most common human diseases and cover several conditions with varied clinical manifestations. METHODS An extensive literature review on the basic aspects of iron metabolism was performed, and the most recent findings on this field were highlighted as well. RESULTS New insights on iron metabolism have shed light into its real complexity, and its role in both healthy and pathological states has been recognized. Important discoveries about the iron regulatory machine and imbalances in its regulation have been made, which may lead in a near future to the development of new therapeutic strategies against iron disorders. Besides, the toxicity of free iron and its association with several pathologies has been addressed, although it requires further investigations. CONCLUSION This review will provide students in the fields of biochemistry and health sciences a brief and clear overview of iron physiology and toxicity, as well as imbalances in the iron homeostasis and associated pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Oliveira
- Ciências Químicas e das Biomoléculas e Unidade de Mecanismos Moleculares da Doença do Centro de Investigação em Saúde e Ambiente, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Portugal
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Koskenkorva-Frank TS, Weiss G, Koppenol WH, Burckhardt S. The complex interplay of iron metabolism, reactive oxygen species, and reactive nitrogen species: insights into the potential of various iron therapies to induce oxidative and nitrosative stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 65:1174-1194. [PMID: 24036104 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Production of minute concentrations of superoxide (O2(*-)) and nitrogen monoxide (nitric oxide, NO*) plays important roles in several aspects of cellular signaling and metabolic regulation. However, in an inflammatory environment, the concentrations of these radicals can drastically increase and the antioxidant defenses may become overwhelmed. Thus, biological damage may occur owing to redox imbalance-a condition called oxidative and/or nitrosative stress. A complex interplay exists between iron metabolism, O2(*-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and NO*. Iron is involved in both the formation and the scavenging of these species. Iron deficiency (anemia) (ID(A)) is associated with oxidative stress, but its role in the induction of nitrosative stress is largely unclear. Moreover, oral as well as intravenous (iv) iron preparations used for the treatment of ID(A) may also induce oxidative and/or nitrosative stress. Oral administration of ferrous salts may lead to high transferrin saturation levels and, thus, formation of non-transferrin-bound iron, a potentially toxic form of iron with a propensity to induce oxidative stress. One of the factors that determine the likelihood of oxidative and nitrosative stress induced upon administration of an iv iron complex is the amount of labile (or weakly-bound) iron present in the complex. Stable dextran-based iron complexes used for iv therapy, although they contain only negligible amounts of labile iron, can induce oxidative and/or nitrosative stress through so far unknown mechanisms. In this review, after summarizing the main features of iron metabolism and its complex interplay with O2(*-), H2O2, NO*, and other more reactive compounds derived from these species, the potential of various iron therapies to induce oxidative and nitrosative stress is discussed and possible underlying mechanisms are proposed. Understanding the mechanisms, by which various iron formulations may induce oxidative and nitrosative stress, will help us develop better tolerated and more efficient therapies for various dysfunctions of iron metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taija S Koskenkorva-Frank
- Chemical and Preclinical Research and Development, Vifor (International) Ltd., CH-9001 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Günter Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Pneumology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Willem H Koppenol
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Susanna Burckhardt
- Chemical and Preclinical Research and Development, Vifor (International) Ltd., CH-9001 St. Gallen, Switzerland; Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Lushchak OV, Piroddi M, Galli F, Lushchak VI. Aconitase post-translational modification as a key in linkage between Krebs cycle, iron homeostasis, redox signaling, and metabolism of reactive oxygen species. Redox Rep 2013; 19:8-15. [PMID: 24266943 DOI: 10.1179/1351000213y.0000000073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aconitase, an enzyme possessing an iron-sulfur cluster that is sensitive to oxidation, is involved in the regulation of cellular metabolism. There are two isoenzymes of aconitase (Aco)--mitochondrial (mAco) and cytosolic (cAco) ones. The primary role of mAdco is believed to be to control cellular ATP production via regulation of intermediate flux in the Krebs cycle. The cytosolic Aco in its reduced form operates as an enzyme, whereas in the oxidized form it is involved in the control of iron homeostasis as iron regulatory protein 1 (IRP1). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a central role in regulation of Aco functions. Catalytic Aco activity is regulated by reversible oxidation of [4Fe-4S]²⁺ cluster and cysteine residues, so redox-dependent posttranslational modifications (PTMs) have gained increasing consideration as regards possible regulatory effects. These include modifications of cysteine residues by oxidation, nitrosylation and thiolation, as well as Tyr nitration and oxidation of Lys residues to carbonyls. Redox-independent PTMs such as phosphorylation and transamination also have been described. In the presence of a sustained ROS flux, redox-dependent PTMs may lead to enzyme damage and cell stress by impaired energy and iron metabolism. Aconitase has been identified as a protein that undergoes oxidative modification and inactivation in aging and certain oxidative stress-related disorders. Here we describe possible mechanisms of involvement of the two aconitase isoforms, cAco and mAco, in the control of cell metabolism and iron homeostasis, balancing the regulatory, and damaging effects of ROS.
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Chen P, Martinez-Finley EJ, Bornhorst J, Chakraborty S, Aschner M. Metal-induced neurodegeneration in C. elegans. Front Aging Neurosci 2013; 5:18. [PMID: 23730287 PMCID: PMC3657624 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2013.00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The model species, Caenorhabditis elegans, has been used as a tool to probe for mechanisms underlying numerous neurodegenerative diseases. This use has been exploited to study neurodegeneration induced by metals. The allure of the nematode comes from the ease of genetic manipulation, the ability to fluorescently label neuronal subtypes, and the relative simplicity of the nervous system. Notably, C. elegans have approximately 60-80% of human genes and contain genes involved in metal homeostasis and transport, allowing for the study of metal-induced degeneration in the nematode. This review discusses methods to assess degeneration as well as outlines techniques for genetic manipulation and presents a comprehensive survey of the existing literature on metal-induced degeneration studies in the worm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Julia Bornhorst
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashville, TN, USA
| | - Sudipta Chakraborty
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashville, TN, USA
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, the Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, and the Center for Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashville, TN, USA
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Clingman CC, Ryder SP. Metabolite sensing in eukaryotic mRNA biology. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2013; 4:387-96. [PMID: 23653333 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Revised: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
All living creatures change their gene expression program in response to nutrient availability and metabolic demands. Nutrients and metabolites can directly control transcription and activate second-messenger systems. More recent studies reveal that metabolites also affect post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms. Here, we review the increasing number of connections between metabolism and post-transcriptional regulation in eukaryotic organisms. First, we present evidence that riboswitches, a common mechanism of metabolite sensing in bacteria, also function in eukaryotes. Next, we review an example of a double stranded RNA modifying enzyme that directly interacts with a metabolite, suggesting a link between RNA editing and metabolic state. Finally, we discuss work that shows some metabolic enzymes bind directly to RNA to affect mRNA stability or translation efficiency. These examples were discovered through gene-specific genetic, biochemical, and structural studies. A directed systems level approach will be necessary to determine whether they are anomalies of evolution or pioneer discoveries in what may be a broadly connected network of metabolism and post-transcriptional regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina C Clingman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
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39
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Ikeda Y, Enomoto H, Tajima S, Izawa-Ishizawa Y, Kihira Y, Ishizawa K, Tomita S, Tsuchiya K, Tamaki T. Dietary iron restriction inhibits progression of diabetic nephropathy in db/db mice. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2013; 304:F1028-36. [DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00473.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Excess iron causes oxidative stress through hydroxyl-radical production via Fenton/Haber-Weiss reactions. Recently, body iron reduction has been found to ameliorate diabetes. In the present study, we examined the protective effect of dietary iron restriction against diabetic nephropathy in the db/db mouse model of diabetic nephropathy using db/m mice as controls. The db/db mice were divided into two groups and fed a normal diet (ND) or a low-iron diet (LID). Increasing urinary albumin excretion was observed in the ND db/db mice, but this was suppressed in db/db mice with LID. Histologically, the db/db mice in the ND group had increased glomerular volume and mesangial area compared with the LID group. Augmented deposition of extracellular matrixes was decreased in db/db mice with LID. In terms of oxidative stress, increased superoxide production observed in the kidneys of the ND db/db mice was diminished in the LID group. NADPH oxidase activity and renal expression of NADPH oxidase components p22phox and NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) were augmented in the ND group, and this was abolished by LID. There were no differences in expression of renal iron importers, transferrin receptor, or divalent metal transporter-1 between db/m mice and db/db mice. The level of ferroportin, an iron exporter, increased in the kidneys of the db/db mice. Urinary iron excretion was significantly higher in ND db/db mice and was reduced in the LID group. These findings suggest that dietary iron restriction exerts a preventive effect on the progression of diabetic nephropathy partly due to the reduction of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasumasa Ikeda
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hideaki Enomoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
- Student Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Soichiro Tajima
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yuki Izawa-Ishizawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Kihira
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Keisuke Ishizawa
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan; and
| | - Shuhei Tomita
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Koichiro Tsuchiya
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan; and
| | - Toshiaki Tamaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Biosciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
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40
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Amini AA, Nair LS. Evaluation of the bioactivity of recombinant human lactoferrins toward murine osteoblast-like cells for bone tissue engineering. Tissue Eng Part A 2013; 19:1047-55. [PMID: 23270517 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2012.0227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactoferrin (LF), which belongs to the iron-binding transferrin family, is an important regulator of the levels of free iron in the body fluids. LF has raised significant interest as a bioactive protein due to its wide array of physiological effects on many different cell types, including osteoblasts and osteoclasts. The glycoprotein's degree of iron saturation has a pivotal influence on its physical structure. The objective of this study is to investigate the biological effects of apo (low iron saturation), pis (partially iron saturated), and holo (high iron saturation) recombinant human LF (rhLF) on MC3T3-E1 cells to identify the suitable candidate for bone tissue engineering application. Our studies demonstrated a dose-dependent mitogenic response of MC3T3 to rhLF treatment irrespective of the iron concentration. Furthermore, rhLF induced the cells to produce transcription factors, chemokines, and cytokines as determined by β-catenin activation, phosphorylation of Akt, vascular endothelial growth factor, and interleukin (IL-6) expression. The iron saturation of rhLF did not have any significant effect on these biological activities of MC3T3 cells. In addition, the overall pattern of gene regulation in MC3T3-E1 cells upon rhLF treatment was followed by a global microarray analysis. Among the 45,200 genes tested, only 251 genes were found to be regulated by rhLFs of different iron concentrations. Of these, the transferrin receptor (Tfrc) was the only gene differentially regulated by the iron saturated and iron depleted (apo) rhLFs. In conclusion, the study demonstrated that rhLF is a bioactive protein and that the iron saturation of rhLF may not play a significant role in modulating osteoblast functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley A Amini
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center Farmington, Connecticut, USA
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41
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Differences in direct pharmacologic effects and antioxidative properties of mature breast milk and infant formulas. Nutrition 2013; 29:431-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2012.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Revised: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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42
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De Sole P, Rossi C, Chiarpotto M, Ciasca G, Bocca B, Alimonti A, Bizzarro A, Rossi C, Masullo C. Possible relationship between Al/ferritin complex and Alzheimer's disease. Clin Biochem 2013; 46:89-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2012.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2012] [Revised: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Abstract
Anaemia is frequently observed in patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases. Depending on its severity, anaemia negatively affects cardiovascular performance, physical activity and the quality of life of patients. However, anaemia is considered to be a symptom of the underlying inflammatory disease and, thus, neglected as a complex medical condition that warrants specific diagnosis and treatment. Although inflammation-induced alterations in iron homeostasis and erythropoiesis have a dominant role in the pathogenesis of this type of anaemia, multiple other factors such as chronic blood loss, haemolysis, disease and treatment-associated adverse effects or vitamin deficiencies can also take part in the development of anaemia. Accordingly, the prevalence of anaemia is positively associated with the severity of the underlying disease. This Review will summarize epidemiological data on anaemia in inflammatory rheumatic diseases, along with a detailed description of underlying pathophysiological pathways, available diagnostic tools and practical diagnostic strategies. Discussion of established and newly emerging treatment regimens, as well as the need for further research in this clinically relevant field, will also be included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günter Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, A6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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Abstract
ABSTRACT Iron is an essential transition metal for mammalian cellular and tissue viability. It is critical to supplying oxygen through heme, the mitochondrial respiratory chain, and enzymes such as ribonucleotide reductase. Mammalian organisms have evolved with the means of regulating the metabolism of iron, because if left unregulated, the resulting excess amounts of iron may induce chronic toxicities affecting multiple organ systems. Several homeostatic mechanisms exist to control the amount of intestinal dietary iron uptake, cellular iron uptake, distribution, and export. Within these processes, numerous molecular participants have been identified because of advancements in basic cell biology and efforts in disease-based research of iron storage abnormalities. For example, dietary iron uptake across the intestinal duodenal mucosa is mediated by an intramembrane divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1), and cellular iron efflux involves ferroportin, the only known iron exporter. In addition to duodenal enterocytes, ferroportin is present in other cell types, and exports iron into plasma. Ferroportin was recently discovered to be regulated by the expression of the circulating hormone hepcidin, a small peptide synthesized in hepatocytes. These recent studies on the role of hepcidin in the regulation of dietary, cellular, and extracellular iron have led to a better understanding of the pathways by which iron balance in humans is influenced, especially its involvement in human genetic diseases of iron overload. Other important molecular pathways include iron binding to transferrin in the bloodstream for cellular delivery through the plasma membrane transferrin receptor (TfR1). In the cytosol, iron regulatory proteins 1 and 2 (IRP1 and IRP2) play a prominent role in sensing the presence of iron in order to posttranscriptionally regulate the expression of TfR1 and ferritin, two important participants in iron metabolism. From a toxicological standpoint, posttranscriptional regulation of these genes aids in the sequestration, control, and hence prevention of cytotoxic effects from free-floating nontransferrin-bound iron. Given the importance of dietary iron in normal physiology, its potential to induce chronic toxicity, and recent discoveries in the regulation of human iron metabolism by hepcidin, this review will address the regulatory mechanisms of normal iron metabolism in mammals with emphasis on dietary exposure. It is the goal of this review that this information may provide in a concise format our current understanding of major pathways and mechanisms involved in mammalian iron metabolism, which is a basis for control of iron toxicity. Such a discussion is intended to facilitate the identification of deficiencies so that future metabolic or toxicological studies may be appropriately focused. A better knowledge of iron metabolism from normal to pathophysiological conditions will ultimately broaden the spectrum of the usefulness of this information in biomedical and toxicological sciences for improving and protecting human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis G Valerio
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition,Office of Food Additive Safety, Division of Biotechnology and GRAS Notice Review, College Park, MD, 20470, USA
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Cairo G, Bernuzzi F, Recalcati S. A precious metal: Iron, an essential nutrient for all cells. GENES AND NUTRITION 2012; 1:25-39. [PMID: 18850218 DOI: 10.1007/bf02829934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2006] [Accepted: 02/22/2006] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Iron is an important cofactor required for a number of essential cell functions and hence is a vital nutrient. However, iron can also be dangerous as a catalyst of free radical reactions. Accordingly, intracellular iron homeostasis and body iron balance are tightly regulated. In this review, we presented an overview of the remarkable new insights that over the last years have been gained into the multifaceted and sophisticated molecular mechanisms controlling iron acquisition, storage and release. We also reviewed the data about nutrition-related abnormalities of iron metabolism, such as iron overload and deficiency. Finally, we discussed how pathogenic microorganisms and host cells compete for iron, a battle whose outcome has a relevant role in infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Cairo
- Institute of General Pathology Generale, Università di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 31, 20133, Milan, Italy,
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Prasanthi JRP, Schrag M, Dasari B, Marwarha G, Dickson A, Kirsch WM, Ghribi O. Deferiprone reduces amyloid-β and tau phosphorylation levels but not reactive oxygen species generation in hippocampus of rabbits fed a cholesterol-enriched diet. J Alzheimers Dis 2012; 30:167-82. [PMID: 22406440 DOI: 10.3233/jad-2012-111346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide and the hyperphosphorylation of tau protein are major hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The causes of AD are not well known but a number of environmental and dietary factors are suggested to increase the risk of developing AD. Additionally, altered metabolism of iron may have a role in the pathogenesis of AD. We have previously demonstrated that cholesterol-enriched diet causes AD-like pathology with iron deposition in rabbit brain. However, the extent to which chelation of iron protects against this pathology has not been determined. In this study, we administered the iron chelator deferiprone in drinking water to rabbits fed with a 2% cholesterol diet for 12 weeks. We found that deferiprone (both at 10 and 50 mg/kg/day) significantly decreased levels of Aβ40 and Aβ42 as well as BACE1, the enzyme that initiates cleavage of amyloid-β protein precursor to yield Aβ. Deferiprone also reduced the cholesterol diet-induced increase in phosphorylation of tau but failed to reduce reactive oxygen species generation. While deferiprone treatment was not associated with any change in brain iron levels, it was associated with a significant reduction in plasma iron and cholesterol levels. These results demonstrate that deferiprone confers important protection against hypercholesterolemia-induced AD pathology but the mechanism(s) may involve reduction in plasma iron and cholesterol levels rather than chelation of brain iron. We propose that adding an antioxidant therapy to deferiprone may be necessary to fully protect against cholesterol-enriched diet-induced AD-like pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya R P Prasanthi
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Therapeutics, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
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González PM, Abele D, Puntarulo S. A kinetic approach to assess oxidative metabolism related features in the bivalve Mya arenaria. Theory Biosci 2012; 131:253-64. [PMID: 22829190 DOI: 10.1007/s12064-012-0159-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Electron paramagnetic resonance uses the resonant microwave radiation absorption of paramagnetic substances to detect highly reactive and, therefore, short-lived oxygen and nitrogen centered radicals. Previously, steady state concentrations of nitric oxide, ascorbyl radical (A·) and the labile iron pool (LIP) were determined in digestive gland of freshly collected animals from the North Sea bivalve Mya arenaria. The application of a simple kinetic analysis of these data based on elemental reactions allowed us to estimate the steady state concentrations of superoxide anion, the rate of A· disappearance and the content of unsaturated lipids. This analysis applied to a marine invertebrate opens the possibility of a mechanistic understanding of the complexity of free radical and LIP interactions in a metabolically slow, cold water organism under unstressed conditions. This data can be further used as a basis to assess the cellular response to stress in a simple system as the bivalve M. arenaria that can then be compared to cells of higher organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Mariela González
- Physical Chemistry-PRALIB, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Sukumaran A, Venkatraman A, Jacob M. Inflammation-induced effects on iron-related proteins in splenic macrophages and the liver in mice. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2012; 49:11-9. [PMID: 22504041 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2012.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2011] [Revised: 02/04/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Anemia of inflammation is characterized by disturbances in systemic iron homeostasis. In order to better understand the events involved, we carried out a time-course study on the effects of acute and chronic inflammation on iron-related proteins in mouse splenic macrophages and the liver. Mice were sacrificed at various time points ranging from 0 h up to 4 weeks after induction of inflammation with turpentine oil. Expression levels of iron-related proteins in the splenic macrophages and liver were determined. Iron levels in the serum, spleen and liver were also measured. Hepatic hepcidin was found to be induced in response to inflammation. In the macrophages, expression levels of ferroportin and TfR1 were decreased at some of the time points. The expression of hepatic TfR1 and ferritin was significantly higher at the early time points. Ferritin levels in the liver decreased progressively thereafter; this was associated with significantly higher ferroportin expression in the liver, despite high levels of hepcidin, suggesting that hepcidin may not regulate ferroportin levels in the liver, unlike in the macrophages. The effects of hepcidin, thus, appeared to be tissue-specific. Serum iron levels were decreased initially; these then rose and were associated with decreasing iron levels in the liver and spleen. Thus, inflammation affected the expression levels of many proteins involved in iron homeostasis in splenic macrophages and the liver, with differences seen in the effects at these 2 sites. These effects are likely to contribute to the development of anemia of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abitha Sukumaran
- Department of Biochemistry, Christian Medical College, Vellore 632002, Tamil Nadu, India
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49
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Iron and iron regulatory proteins in amoeboid microglial cells are linked to oligodendrocyte death in hypoxic neonatal rat periventricular white matter through production of proinflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen/nitrogen species. J Neurosci 2012; 31:17982-95. [PMID: 22159112 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2250-11.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed to examine the role of iron in causing periventricular white matter (PWM) damage following a hypoxic injury in the developing brain. Along with iron, the expression of iron regulatory proteins (IRPs) and transferrin receptor (TfR), which are involved in iron acquisition, was also examined in the PWM by subjecting 1-d-old Wistar rats to hypoxia. Apart from an increase in iron levels in PWM, Perls' iron staining showed an increase of intracellular iron in the preponderant amoeboid microglial cells (AMCs) in the tissue. In response to hypoxia, the protein levels of IRP1, IRP2, and TfR in PWM and AMCs were significantly increased. In primary microglial cultures, administration of iron chelator deferoxamine reduced the generation of iron-induced reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β. Primary oligodendrocytes treated with conditioned medium from hypoxic microglia exhibited reduced glutathione levels, increased lipid peroxidation, upregulated caspase-3 expression, and reduced proliferation. This was reversed to control levels on treatment with conditioned medium from deferoxamine treated hypoxic microglia; also, there was reduction in apoptosis of oligodendrocytes. The present results suggest that excess iron derived primarily from AMCs might be a mediator of oligodendrocyte cell death in PWM following hypoxia in the neonatal brain.
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50
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Gómez-Oliván LM, Corral-Avitia AY, Carrasco-Urrutia KA, González-Granados NA, Galar-Martínez M, Neri-Cruz N, Islas-Flores H, Dublan-García O. Oxidative stress in brickmakers of Juárez City, Chihuahua, México: Case-control study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/abb.2012.327128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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