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Taga Y, Kiriyama-Tanaka T, Mizuno K. Isolation of type I collagen homotrimer from human placenta with LC-MS monitoring of the α1(I)/α2(I) chain ratio. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 255:128301. [PMID: 37992935 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
The general molecular form of type I collagen is heterotrimer consisting of two α1(I) chains and one α2(I) chain. However, α111(I) homotrimer is rarely observed in vivo, especially in pathological tissues such as cancer. Here we utilized a previously developed LC-MS method that can accurately and sensitively quantitate α1(I) and α2(I) chains to distinguish type I collagen homotrimer from human placenta. By monitoring with the LC-MS method, the α1(I)/α2(I) chain ratio was found to be high in the supernatant of salt precipitation with >2.8 M NaCl at neutral pH. Type I collagen homotrimer was successfully isolated using optimized sequential salt fractionation and confirmed to show previously reported features of the homotrimer, including high thermal stability and overmodification. These data clearly indicate that placental tissue contains α111(I) homotrimer. Our LC-MS method can sensitively detect the rare form of type I collagen and can help understand its physiological and pathological significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Taga
- Nippi Research Institute of Biomatrix, 520-11 Kuwabara, Toride, Ibaraki 302-0017, Japan.
| | | | - Kazunori Mizuno
- Nippi Research Institute of Biomatrix, 520-11 Kuwabara, Toride, Ibaraki 302-0017, Japan
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2
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Blanco M, Sanz N, Pérez-Martín RI, Sotelo CG. Deepening in the understanding of the role of collagen subunits on the differential molecular arrangement of P. glauca and M. merluccius marine collagens. Protein Expr Purif 2023; 212:106356. [PMID: 37604271 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2023.106356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Decades of extensive efforts on marine collagen extraction and characterization allowed to recognize the unique and excellent characteristics of marine collagen offering advantages over that obtained from terrestrial sources. However, not all marine collagens have the same biochemical characteristics; understanding those at molecular and supramolecular level, is crucial for optimal design of applications. One relevant aspect of collagen characterization is the analysis of its different subunits (α-chains) and their intermolecular cross-links (β- and γ-components), which ultimately determine the specific functions of a particular collagen. Collagens from a teleost and an elasmobranch species were analyzed to understand the influence of their subunit composition and intermolecular crosslinking pattern on their different physicochemical behaviour. For comparative purposes a commercial mammal collagen was included in the study. Although electrophoretic profiles showed the typical composition of type I collagen for hake, blue shark and calf collagen, molar ratios of their α-chains were different indicating a different degree of dimerization of their α2-chains with implications in the presence of a different crosslinking degree pattern. Electrophoresis, amino acid composition, hydrophobicity (RP-HPLC) and molecular weight analysis (GPC-HPLC) results, besides a peptide mapping and an antioxidant activity study of the resultant peptides, would help to understand the role of different subunit collagen composition and different crosslinking pattern in the conformation of a differential quaternary supramolecular structure within different species and its biofunctional implications. The experiments developed would allow to progress in the valorization potential of fish discards and byproducts to explore commercial uses of collagens from marine origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Blanco
- Grupo de Bioquímica de alimentos, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Eduardo Cabello, 6, 36208, Vigo, Spain.
| | - Noelia Sanz
- Grupo de Bioquímica de alimentos, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Eduardo Cabello, 6, 36208, Vigo, Spain
| | - Ricardo I Pérez-Martín
- Grupo de Bioquímica de alimentos, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Eduardo Cabello, 6, 36208, Vigo, Spain
| | - Carmen G Sotelo
- Grupo de Bioquímica de alimentos, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Eduardo Cabello, 6, 36208, Vigo, Spain
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3
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Xiang G, Huang L, Zhang X, Wang N, Wang H, Mu Y, Li K, Liu Z. Molecular Characteristics and Promoter Analysis of Porcine COL1A1. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:1971. [PMID: 36360208 PMCID: PMC9689670 DOI: 10.3390/genes13111971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
COL1A1 encodes the type I collagen α1 chain, which shows the highest abundance among members of the collagen family and is widely expressed in different mammalian cells and tissues. However, its molecular characteristics are not completely elucidated. In this study, the molecular profiles of COL1A1 and characteristics of the COL1A1 protein were investigated using a promoter activity assay and multiple bioinformatics tools. The results showed that the 5' flanking region of porcine COL1A1 contained two CpG islands, five core promoter sequences, and twenty-six transcription factor-binding sites. In the luciferase assay, the upstream 294 bp region of the initiation codon of COL1A1 showed the highest activity, confirming that this section is the core region of the porcine COL1A1 promoter. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that COL1A1 is a negatively charged, hydrophilic secreted protein. It does not contain a transmembrane domain and is highly conserved in humans, mice, sheep, and pigs. Protein interaction analysis demonstrated that the interaction coefficient of COL1A1 with COL1A2, COL3A1, ITGB1, and ITGA2 was greater than 0.9, suggesting that this protein plays a crucial role in collagen structure formation and cell adhesion. These results provide a theoretical basis for further investigation of the functions of porcine COL1A1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangming Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China
| | - Xiuling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yulian Mu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Kui Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China
| | - Zhiguo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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4
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Puszkarska AM, Frenkel D, Colwell LJ, Duer MJ. Using sequence data to predict the self-assembly of supramolecular collagen structures. Biophys J 2022; 121:3023-3033. [PMID: 35859421 PMCID: PMC9463645 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen fibrils are the major constituents of the extracellular matrix, which provides structural support to vertebrate connective tissues. It is widely assumed that the superstructure of collagen fibrils is encoded in the primary sequences of the molecular building blocks. However, the interplay between large-scale architecture and small-scale molecular interactions makes the ab initio prediction of collagen structure challenging. Here, we propose a model that allows us to predict the periodic structure of collagen fibers and the axial offset between the molecules, purely on the basis of simple predictive rules for the interaction between amino acid residues. With our model, we identify the sequence-dependent collagen fiber geometries with the lowest free energy and validate the predicted geometries against the available experimental data. We propose a procedure for searching for optimal staggering distances. Finally, we build a classification algorithm and use it to scan 11 data sets of vertebrate fibrillar collagens, and predict the periodicity of the resulting assemblies. We analyzed the experimentally observed variance of the optimal stagger distances across species, and find that these distances, and the resulting fibrillar phenotypes, are evolutionary well preserved. Moreover, we observed that the energy minimum at the optimal stagger distance is broad in all cases, suggesting a further evolutionary adaptation designed to improve the assembly kinetics. Our periodicity predictions are not only in good agreement with the experimental data on collagen molecular staggering for all collagen types analyzed, but also for synthetic peptides. We argue that, with our model, it becomes possible to design tailor-made, periodic collagen structures, thereby enabling the design of novel biomimetic materials based on collagen-mimetic trimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Puszkarska
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Daan Frenkel
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy J Colwell
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Google Research, Mountain View, California
| | - Melinda J Duer
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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5
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Yan LJ, Sun LC, Cao KY, Chen YL, Zhang LJ, Liu GM, Jin T, Cao MJ. Type I collagen from sea cucumber (Stichopus japonicus) and the role of matrix metalloproteinase-2 in autolysis. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.100959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Zhu J, Hoop CL, Case DA, Baum J. Cryptic binding sites become accessible through surface reconstruction of the type I collagen fibril. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16646. [PMID: 30413772 PMCID: PMC6226522 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34616-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Collagen fibril interactions with cells and macromolecules in the extracellular matrix drive numerous cellular functions. Binding motifs for dozens of collagen-binding proteins have been determined on fully exposed collagen triple helical monomers. However, when the monomers are assembled into the functional collagen fibril, many binding motifs become inaccessible, and yet critical cellular processes occur. Here, we have developed an early stage atomic model of the smallest repeating unit of the type I collagen fibril at the fibril surface that provides a novel framework to address questions about these functionally necessary yet seemingly obstructed interactions. We use an integrative approach by combining molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with atomic force microscopy (AFM) experiments and show that reconstruction of the collagen monomers within the complex fibril play a critical role in collagen interactions. In particular, the fibril surface shows three major conformational changes, which allow cryptic binding sites, including an integrin motif involved in platelet aggregation, to be exposed. The observed dynamics and reconstruction of the fibril surface promote its role as a “smart fibril” to keep certain binding sites cryptic, and to allow accessibility of recognition domains when appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA
| | - Cody L Hoop
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA
| | - David A Case
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA
| | - Jean Baum
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA.
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7
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Holmes DF, Lu Y, Starborg T, Kadler KE. Collagen Fibril Assembly and Function. Curr Top Dev Biol 2018; 130:107-142. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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8
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Sharma U, Carrique L, Vadon-Le Goff S, Mariano N, Georges RN, Delolme F, Koivunen P, Myllyharju J, Moali C, Aghajari N, Hulmes DJS. Structural basis of homo- and heterotrimerization of collagen I. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14671. [PMID: 28281531 PMCID: PMC5353611 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrillar collagen molecules are synthesized as precursors, procollagens, with large propeptide extensions. While a homotrimeric form (three α1 chains) has been reported in embryonic tissues as well as in diseases (cancer, fibrosis, genetic disorders), collagen type I usually occurs as a heterotrimer (two α1 chains and one α2 chain). Inside the cell, the role of the C-terminal propeptides is to gather together the correct combination of three α chains during molecular assembly, but how this occurs for different forms of the same collagen type is so far unknown. Here, by structural and mutagenic analysis, we identify key amino acid residues in the α1 and α2 C-propeptides that determine homo- and heterotrimerization. A naturally occurring mutation in one of these alters the homo/heterotrimer balance. These results show how the C-propeptide of the α2 chain has specifically evolved to permit the appearance of heterotrimeric collagen I, the major extracellular building block among the metazoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urvashi Sharma
- Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry Unit, UMR 5086 CNRS - University of Lyon 1, 7 passage du Vercors, F-69367 Lyon, France
| | - Loïc Carrique
- Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry Unit, UMR 5086 CNRS - University of Lyon 1, 7 passage du Vercors, F-69367 Lyon, France
| | - Sandrine Vadon-Le Goff
- Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering Unit, UMR 5305 CNRS - University of Lyon 1, 7 passage du Vercors, F-69367 Lyon, France
| | - Natacha Mariano
- Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering Unit, UMR 5305 CNRS - University of Lyon 1, 7 passage du Vercors, F-69367 Lyon, France
| | - Rainier-Numa Georges
- Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering Unit, UMR 5305 CNRS - University of Lyon 1, 7 passage du Vercors, F-69367 Lyon, France
| | - Frederic Delolme
- Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering Unit, UMR 5305 CNRS - University of Lyon 1, 7 passage du Vercors, F-69367 Lyon, France.,SFR Biosciences - Protein Science Facility, University of Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, INSERM US8, CNRS UMS 3444, 50 Avenue Tony Garnier, F-69366 Lyon, France
| | - Peppi Koivunen
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Johanna Myllyharju
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Catherine Moali
- Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering Unit, UMR 5305 CNRS - University of Lyon 1, 7 passage du Vercors, F-69367 Lyon, France
| | - Nushin Aghajari
- Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry Unit, UMR 5086 CNRS - University of Lyon 1, 7 passage du Vercors, F-69367 Lyon, France
| | - David J S Hulmes
- Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering Unit, UMR 5305 CNRS - University of Lyon 1, 7 passage du Vercors, F-69367 Lyon, France
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9
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Observing Effects of Calcium/Magnesium Ions and pH Value on the Self-Assembly of Extracted Swine Tendon Collagen by Atomic Force Microscopy. J FOOD QUALITY 2017. [DOI: 10.1155/2017/9257060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-assembly of extracted collagen from swine trotter tendon under different conditions was firstly observed using atomic force microscopy; then the effects of collagen concentration, pH value, and metal ions to the topography of the collagen assembly were analyzed with the height images and section analysis data. Collagen assembly under 0.1 M, 0.2 M, 0.3 M CaCl2, and MgCl2 solutions in different pH values showed significant differences (P < 0.05) in the topographical properties including height, width, and roughness. With the concentration being increased, the width of collagen decreased significantly (P < 0.05). The width of collagen fibers was first increased significantly (P < 0.05) and then decreased with the increasing of pH. The collagen was assembled with network structure on the mica in solution with Ca2+ ions. However, it had shown uniformed fibrous structure with Mg2+ ions on the new cleaved mica sheet. In addition, the width of collagen fibrous was 31~58 nm in solution with Mg2+ but 21~50 nm in Ca2+ solution. The self-assembly collagen displayed various potential abilities to construct fibers or membrane on mica surfaces with Ca2+ ions and Mg2+ irons. Besides, the result of collagen self-assembly had shown more relations among solution pH value, metal ions, and collagen molecular concentration, which will provide useful information on the control of collagen self-assembly in tissue engineering and food packaging engineering.
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Zou M, Yang H, Wang H, Wang H, Zhang J, Wei B, Zhang H, Xie D. Detection of type I collagen fibrils formation and dissociation by a fluorescence method based on thioflavin T. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 92:1175-1182. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
Degradation of fibrillar collagen is critical for tissue maintenance. Yet, understanding collagen catabolism has been challenging partly due to a lack of atomistic picture for its load-dependent conformational dynamics, as both mechanical load and local unfolding of collagen affect its cleavage by matrix metalloproteinase (MMP). We use molecular dynamics simulation to find the most cleavage-prone arrangement of α chains in a collagen triple helix and find amino acids that modulate stability of the MMP cleavage domain depending on the chain registry within the molecule. The native-like state is mechanically inhomogeneous, where the cleavage site interfaces a stiff region and a locally unfolded and flexible region along the molecule. In contrast, a triple helix made of the stable glycine-proline-hydroxyproline motif is uniformly flexible and is dynamically stabilized by short-lived, low-occupancy hydrogen bonds. These results provide an atomistic basis for the mechanics, conformation, and stability of collagen that affect catabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Teng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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12
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Segregation of type I collagen homo- and heterotrimers in fibrils. J Mol Biol 2008; 383:122-32. [PMID: 18721810 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2008.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2008] [Revised: 07/21/2008] [Accepted: 08/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Normal type I collagen is a heterotrimer of two alpha1(I) and one alpha2(I) chains, but various genetic and environmental factors result in synthesis of homotrimers that consist of three alpha1(I) chains. The homotrimers completely replace the heterotrimers only in rare recessive disorders. In the general population, they may compose just a small fraction of type I collagen. Nevertheless, they may play a significant role in pathology; for example, synthesis of 10-15% homotrimers due to a polymorphism in the alpha1(I) gene may contribute to osteoporosis. Homotrimer triple helices have different stability and less efficient fibrillogenesis than heterotrimers. Their fibrils have different mechanical properties. However, very little is known about their molecular interactions and fibrillogenesis in mixtures with normal heterotrimers. Here we studied the kinetics and thermodynamics of fibril formation in such mixtures by combining traditional approaches with 3D confocal imaging of fibrils, in which homo- and heterotrimers were labeled with different fluorescent colors. In a mixture, following a temperature jump from 4 to 32 degrees C, we observed a rapid increase in turbidity most likely caused by formation of homotrimer aggregates. The aggregates promoted nucleation of homotrimer fibrils that served as seeds for mixed and heterotrimer fibrils. The separation of colors in confocal images indicated segregation of homo- and heterotrimers at a subfibrillar level throughout the process. The fibril color patterns continued to change slowly after the fibrillogenesis appeared to be complete, due to dissociation and reassociation of the pepsin-treated homo- and heterotrimers, but this remixing did not significantly reduce the segregation even after several days. Independent homo- and heterotrimer solubility measurements in mixtures confirmed that the subfibrillar segregation was an equilibrium property of intermolecular interactions and not just a kinetic phenomenon. We argue that the subfibrillar segregation may exacerbate effects of a small fraction of alpha1(I) homotrimers on formation, properties, and remodeling of collagen fibers.
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13
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Makareeva E, Leikin S. Procollagen triple helix assembly: an unconventional chaperone-assisted folding paradigm. PLoS One 2007; 2:e1029. [PMID: 17925877 PMCID: PMC2000351 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0001029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2007] [Accepted: 09/21/2007] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibers composed of type I collagen triple helices form the organic scaffold of bone and many other tissues, yet the energetically preferred conformation of type I collagen at body temperature is a random coil. In fibers, the triple helix is stabilized by neighbors, but how does it fold? The observations reported here reveal surprising features that may represent a new paradigm for folding of marginally stable proteins. We find that human procollagen triple helix spontaneously folds into its native conformation at 30-34 degrees C but not at higher temperatures, even in an environment emulating Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER). ER-like molecular crowding by nonspecific proteins does not affect triple helix folding or aggregation of unfolded chains. Common ER chaperones may prevent aggregation and misfolding of procollagen C-propeptide in their traditional role of binding unfolded polypeptide chains. However, such binding only further destabilizes the triple helix. We argue that folding of the triple helix requires stabilization by preferential binding of chaperones to its folded, native conformation. Based on the triple helix folding temperature measured here and published binding constants, we deduce that HSP47 is likely to do just that. It takes over 20 HSP47 molecules to stabilize a single triple helix at body temperature. The required 50-200 microM concentration of free HSP47 is not unusual for heat-shock chaperones in ER, but it is 100 times higher than used in reported in vitro experiments, which did not reveal such stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Makareeva
- Section on Physical Biochemistry, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sergey Leikin
- Section on Physical Biochemistry, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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14
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Cisneros DA, Hung C, Franz CM, Muller DJ. Observing growth steps of collagen self-assembly by time-lapse high-resolution atomic force microscopy. J Struct Biol 2006; 154:232-45. [PMID: 16600632 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2006.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2005] [Revised: 02/01/2006] [Accepted: 02/02/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Insights into molecular mechanisms of collagen assembly are important for understanding countless biological processes and at the same time a prerequisite for many biotechnological and medical applications. In this work, the self-assembly of collagen type I molecules into fibrils could be directly observed using time-lapse atomic force microscopy (AFM). The smallest isolated fibrillar structures initiating fibril growth showed a thickness of approximately 1.5 nm corresponding to that of a single collagen molecule. Fibrils assembled in vitro established an axial D-periodicity of approximately 67 nm such as typically observed for in vivo assembled collagen fibrils from tendon. At given collagen concentrations of the buffer solution the fibrils showed constant lateral and longitudinal growth rates. Single fibrils continuously grew and fused with each other until the supporting surface was completely covered by a nanoscopically well-defined collagen matrix. Their thickness of approximately 3 nm suggests that the fibrils were build from laterally assembled collagen microfibrils. Laterally the fibrils grew in steps of approximately 4 nm, indicating microfibril formation and incorporation. Thus, we suggest collagen fibrils assembling in a two-step process. In a first step, collagen molecules assemble with each other. In the second step, these molecules then rearrange into microfibrils which form the building blocks of collagen fibrils. High-resolution AFM topographs revealed substructural details of the D-band architecture of the fibrils forming the collagen matrix. These substructures correlated well with those revealed from positively stained collagen fibers imaged by transmission electron microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Cisneros
- Biotechnology Center, University of Technology Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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15
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Kuznetsova NV, Forlino A, Cabral WA, Marini JC, Leikin S. Structure, stability and interactions of type I collagen with GLY349-CYS substitution in alpha 1(I) chain in a murine Osteogenesis Imperfecta model. Matrix Biol 2005; 23:101-12. [PMID: 15246109 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2004.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2003] [Revised: 03/02/2004] [Accepted: 03/10/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Here we report the structural and functional studies of collagen from the Brtl mouse, a heterozygous knock-in model for Osteogenesis Imperfecta, which has a G349C substitution introduced in one col1a1 allele. We observed that 25+/-5% of alpha 1(I) chains in different tissues and in different extracts from matrix deposited by cultured cells were S-S-linked mutant dimers. Apparently mutant and normal molecules are equally well incorporated into the matrix and they form mature covalent crosslinks with the same efficiency. We found different extents of post-translational overmodification of mutant molecules in different tissues, but we found no consistent differences between lethal and non-lethal animals. We did not detect any changes in the thermal stability or rate of thermal denaturation of mutant collagen. We also did not detect any changes in collagen-collagen recognition and interactions except for disruption of quasi-crystalline lateral packing of molecules in tendons from some, mostly prepubertal, mutant animals. In contrast, alpha 1(I)(3) collagen from the oim mouse--the only other non-lethal murine OI model studied by similar techniques--has altered stability, fibrillogenesis, collagen-collagen interactions and produces a more consistent and more pronounced disruption of tendon crystallinity. Nevertheless, while the G349C substitution causes moderate or lethal OI, heterozygous oim mice are much less affected. Overall, our results suggest that OI symptoms and phenotype variation in G349C animals are related to abnormal interactions of mutant collagen helices with other matrix molecules or abnormal function of osteoblasts rather than to abnormal structure, physical properties or interactions between mutant collagen helices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia V Kuznetsova
- Section on Physical Biochemistry, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 9, Rm. 1E-127, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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16
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Vomund AN, Braddock SR, Krause GF, Phillips CL. Potential modifier role of the R618Q variant of proalpha2(I)collagen in type I collagen fibrillogenesis: in vitro assembly analysis. Mol Genet Metab 2004; 82:144-53. [PMID: 15172002 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2004.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2004] [Accepted: 03/31/2004] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
An arginine to glutamine substitution in the triple helix of proalpha2(I)collagen (R618Q) was first reported in a patient with a variant of Marfan syndrome and later identified in conjunction with a second mutation in a patient with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). The presence of the R618Q proalpha2(I)collagen allele in unaffected or mildly affected family members suggests that the R618Q allele is either a non-affecting polymorphism or a potential genetic modifier. Conservation of arginine618 across species and fibrillar collagen types suggests it is functionally significant. To investigate the functional significance of the R618Q proalpha2(I)collagen allele, we isolated type I collagen from cultured dermal fibroblasts of control and two unrelated individuals heterozygous for the R618Q proalpha2(I)collagen allele and evaluated helical stability and fibrillar assembly. Type I collagen thermal stability analyzed by protease susceptibility and CD spectroscopy demonstrated no statistical difference between control and R618Q containing collagen molecules. In vitro fibril assembly analyses demonstrated that R618Q containing collagen exhibits rapid fibrillar growth with minimal fibril nucleation phase. Further, electron microscopy demonstrated that the diameter of assembled R618Q containing collagen fibrils was approximately 20% of control collagen fibrils. These findings suggest the R618Q variant does not impact triple helical stability but has a role in collagen fibril assembly, supporting the hypothesis that the R618Q proalpha2(I)collagen variant is a modifier of connective tissue structure/function and is potentially involved in disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony N Vomund
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
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17
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Kuznetsova NV, McBride DJ, Leikin S. Changes in thermal stability and microunfolding pattern of collagen helix resulting from the loss of alpha2(I) chain in osteogenesis imperfecta murine. J Mol Biol 2003; 331:191-200. [PMID: 12875845 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2836(03)00715-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Homozygous mutations resulting in formation of alpha1(I)(3) homotrimers instead of normal type I collagen cause mild to severe osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) in humans and mice. Limited studies of changes in thermal stability of type I homotrimers were reported previously, but the results were not fully consistent. We revisited this question in more detail using purified tendon collagen from wild-type (alpha1(I)(2)alpha2(I) heterotrimers) and oim (alpha1(I)(3)) mice as well as artificial alpha1(I)(3) homotrimers obtained by refolding of rat-tail-tendon collagen. We found that at the same heating rate oim homotrimers completely denature at approximately 2.5deg.C higher temperature than wild-type heterotrimers, as determined by differential scanning calorimetry. At the same, constant temperature, homotrimers denature approximately 100 times slower than heterotrimers, as determined by circular dichroism. Detailed analysis of proteolytic cleavage at different temperatures revealed that microunfolding of oim homotrimers and wild-type heterotrimers occurs at similar rate but within a number of different sites. In particular, the weakest spot on the oim triple helix is located approximately 100 amino acid residues from the C-terminal end within the cyanogen bromide peptide CB6. The same microunfolding site is also present in wild-type collagen, but the weakest spot of the latter is located close to the N-terminal end of CB8. Amino acid analysis and differential gel electrophoresis showed virtually no posttranslational overmodification of oim mouse tendon collagen. Moreover, thermal stability and microunfolding of artificial rat-tail-tendon homotrimers were similar to oim homotrimers. Thus, the observed changes are associated with difference in the amino acid composition of alpha1(I) and alpha2(I) chains rather than posttranslational overmodification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia V Kuznetsova
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, DHHS, Building 9, Room 1E-125, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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18
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Abstract
In recent years, the basement membrane (BM)--a specialized form of extracellular matrix (ECM)--has been recognized as an important regulator of cell behaviour, rather than just a structural feature of tissues. The BM mediates tissue compartmentalization and sends signals to epithelial cells about the external microenvironment. The BM is also an important structural and functional component of blood vessels, constituting an extracellular microenvironment sensor for endothelial cells and pericytes. Vascular BM components have recently been found to be involved in the regulation of tumour angiogenesis, making them attractive candidate targets for potential cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghu Kalluri
- Center for Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, Dana 514, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.
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Cabral WA, Mertts MV, Makareeva E, Colige A, Tekin M, Pandya A, Leikin S, Marini JC. Type I collagen triplet duplication mutation in lethal osteogenesis imperfecta shifts register of alpha chains throughout the helix and disrupts incorporation of mutant helices into fibrils and extracellular matrix. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:10006-12. [PMID: 12538651 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m212523200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of collagen mutations causing osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) are glycine substitutions that disrupt formation of the triple helix. A rare type of collagen mutation consists of a duplication or deletion of one or two Gly-X-Y triplets. These mutations shift the register of collagen chains with respect to each other in the helix but do not interrupt the triplet sequence, yet they have severe clinical consequences. We investigated the effect of shifting the register of the collagen helix by a single Gly-X-Y triplet on collagen assembly, stability, and incorporation into fibrils and matrix. These studies utilized a triplet duplication in COL1A1 exon 44 that occurred in the cDNA and gDNA of two siblings with lethal OI. The normal allele encodes three identical Gly-Ala-Hyp triplets at aa 868-876, whereas the mutant allele encodes four. The register shift delays helix formation, causing overmodification. Differential scanning calorimetry yielded a decrease in T(m) of 2 degrees C for helices with one mutant chain and a 6 degrees C decrease in helices with two mutant chains. An in vitro binary co-processing assay of N-proteinase cleavage demonstrated that procollagen with the triplet duplication has slower N-propeptide cleavage than in normal controls or procollagen with proalpha1(I) G832S, G898S, or G997S substitutions, showing that the register shift persists through the entire helix. The register shift disrupts incorporation of mutant collagen into fibrils and matrix. Proband fibrils formed inefficiently in vitro and contained only normal helices and helices with a single mutant chain. Helices with two mutant chains and a significant portion of helices with one mutant chain did not form fibrils. In matrix deposited by proband fibroblasts, mutant chains were abundant in the immaturely cross-linked fraction but constituted a minor fraction of maturely cross-linked chains. The profound effects of shifting the collagen triplet register on chain interactions in the helix and on fibril formation correlate with the severe clinical consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne A Cabral
- Section on Connective Tissue Disorders, HDB/NICHD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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20
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Miles CA, Sims TJ, Camacho NP, Bailey AJ. The role of the alpha2 chain in the stabilization of the collagen type I heterotrimer: a study of the type I homotrimer in oim mouse tissues. J Mol Biol 2002; 321:797-805. [PMID: 12206762 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2836(02)00703-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported that the fragility of skin, tendon and bone from the oim mouse is related to a significant reduction in the intermolecular cross-linking. The oim mutation is unlikely to affect the efficacy of the lysyl oxidase, suggesting that the defect is in the molecule and fibre. We have therefore investigated the integrity of both the oim collagen molecules and the fibre by differential scanning calorimetry. The denaturation temperature of the oim molecule in solution and the fibre from tail tendon were found to be higher than the wild-type by 2.6deg.C and 1.9deg.C, respectively. With the loss of the alpha2 chain, the hydroxyproline content of the homotrimer is higher than the heterotrimer, which may account for the increase. There is a small decrease in the enthalpy of the oim fibres but it is not significant, suggesting that the amount of disorder of the triple-helical molecules and of the fibres is small and involves only a small part of the total bond energy holding the helical structure together. The difference in denaturation temperature of the skin collagen molecules (t(m)) and fibres (t(d)) is significantly lower for the oim tissues, 19.9deg.C against 23.1deg.C, indicating reduced molecular interactions and hence packing of the molecules in the fibre. Computation of the volume fraction of the water revealed that the interaxial separation of the oim fibres was indeed greater, increasing from 19.6A to 21.0A. This difference of 1.4A, equivalent to a C-C bond, would certainly decrease the ability of the telopeptide aldehyde to interact with the epsilon -amino group from an adjacent molecule and form a cross-link. We suggest, therefore, that the reduction of the cross-linking is due to increased water content of the fibre rather than a distortion of the molecular structure. The higher hydrophobicity of the alpha2 chain appears to play a role in the stabilisation of heterotrimeric type I collagen, possibly by increasing the hydrophobic interactions between the heterotrimeric molecules, thereby reducing the water content and increasing the binding of the molecules in the fibre.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Miles
- Collagen Research Group, Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Bristol, UK
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21
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Phillips CL, Pfeiffer BJ, Luger AM, Franklin CL. Novel collagen glomerulopathy in a homotrimeric type I collagen mouse (oim). Kidney Int 2002; 62:383-91. [PMID: 12109999 DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2002.00451.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oim/oim mice [osteogenesis imperfecta model; homozygous null for the proalpha2(I) collagen gene] synthesize exclusively the homotrimeric type I collagen isotype, alpha1(I)3, and are unable to synthesize the normal heterotrimeric type I collagen isotype, alpha1(I)2alpha2(I). Previous studies of the oim/oim mouse have focused on the musculoskeletal system, with no systematic evaluation of other organ systems. METHODS Multiple tissues from oim/oim, oim/+ (heterozygous) and +/+ (wild-type) mice were examined for gross and histological abnormalities. Tissues were stained with (1) hematoxylin and eosin (to assess lesion formation), (2) picrosirius red (collagen content), and (3) periodic acid methenamine silver (basement membrane). Kidneys were further evaluated ultrastructurally by electron microscopy and immunohistochemically with anti-alpha1(I) and anti-alpha1(III) collagen antibodies. RESULTS Histological analyses revealed accumulations of picrosirius red-positive material, consistent with collagen, in glomeruli of 28/29 oim/oim mice, with no evidence of mesangial cell proliferation. Only the most severely affected animals had evidence of increased capillary basement membrane thickening or mild inflammation around the affected glomeruli. Electron microscopy confirmed the presence of fibrillar collagen. Immunohistochemistry with anti-alpha1(I) collagen antibodies confirmed accumulation of type I collagen in the oim/oim glomeruli. The +/+ and oim/+ kidneys had normal mesangium with no evidence of infiltration of collagenous material. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the first evidence, to our knowledge, of abnormal glomerular collagen deposition associated with a type I collagen defect. Further in vivo and in vitro studies are necessary to elucidate the mechanistic, functional, and pathological significance of the oim/oim collagen glomerulopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte L Phillips
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri 65212, USA.
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22
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Leikina E, Mertts MV, Kuznetsova N, Leikin S. Type I collagen is thermally unstable at body temperature. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002; 99:1314-8. [PMID: 11805290 PMCID: PMC122187 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.032307099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 373] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2001] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Measured by ultra-slow scanning calorimetry and isothermal circular dichroism, human lung collagen monomers denature at 37 degrees C within a couple of days. Their unfolding rate decreases exponentially at lower temperature, but complete unfolding is observed even below 36 degrees C. Refolding of full-length, native collagen triple helices does occur, but only below 30 degrees C. Thus, contrary to the widely held belief, the energetically preferred conformation of the main protein of bone and skin in physiological solution is a random coil rather than a triple helix. These observations suggest that once secreted from cells collagen helices would begin to unfold. We argue that initial microunfolding of their least stable domains would trigger self-assembly of fibers where the helices are protected from complete unfolding. Our data support an earlier hypothesis that in fibers collagen helices may melt and refold locally when needed, giving fibers their strength and elasticity. Apparently, Nature adjusts collagen hydroxyproline content to ensure that the melting temperature of triple helical monomers is several degrees below rather than above body temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Leikina
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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23
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Bailey AJ, Sims TJ, Knott L. Phenotypic expression of osteoblast collagen in osteoarthritic bone: production of type I homotrimer. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2002; 34:176-82. [PMID: 11809420 DOI: 10.1016/s1357-2725(01)00107-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The metabolism and total amount of the collagen of subchondral bone are increased several fold in osteoathritic femurs compared with controls. We now report for the first time that the quality of the collagen is modified by the formation of type I homotrimer. The homotrimer fibre has been reported to possess a reduced mechanical strength and mineralisation in bone. The presence of the latter therefore accounts for narrower disorganised collagen fibres and decreased mineralisation, and a reduction in mechanical stability of the osteoarthritic femoral head. These changes in the subchondral bone are likely to be of considerable importance in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen J Bailey
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Collagen Research Group, University of Bristol, Churchill Building, Bristol BS40 5DS, UK.
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24
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Perret S, Merle C, Bernocco S, Berland P, Garrone R, Hulmes DJ, Theisen M, Ruggiero F. Unhydroxylated triple helical collagen I produced in transgenic plants provides new clues on the role of hydroxyproline in collagen folding and fibril formation. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:43693-8. [PMID: 11557756 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m105507200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Human unhydroxylated homotrimeric triple-helical collagen I produced in transgenic plants was used as an experimental model to provide insights into the role of hydroxyproline in molecular folding and fibril formation. By using chemically cross-linked molecules, we show here that the absence of hydroxyproline residues does not prevent correct folding of the recombinant collagen although it markedly slows down the propagation rate compared with bovine fully hydroxylated homotrimeric collagen I. Relatively slow cis-trans-isomerization in the absence of hydroxyproline likely represents the rate-limiting factor in the propagation of the unhydroxylated collagen helix. Because of the lack of hydroxylation, recombinant collagen molecules showed increased flexibility as well as a reduced melting temperature compared with native homotrimers and heterotrimers, whereas the distribution of charged amino acids was unchanged. However, unlike with bovine collagen I, the recombinant collagen did not self-assemble into banded fibrils in physiological ionic strength buffer at 20 degrees C. Striated fibrils were only obtained with low ionic strength buffer. We propose that, under physiological ionic strength conditions, the hydroxyl groups in the native molecule retain water more efficiently thus favoring correct fibril formation. The importance of hydroxyproline in collagen self-assembly suggested by others from the crystal structures of collagen model peptides is thus confirmed experimentally on the entire collagen molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Perret
- Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, CNRS UMR 5086, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, 7 Passage du Vercors, F-69367 Lyon Cedex 07, France
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25
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Kuznetsova N, McBride DJ, Leikin S. Osteogenesis imperfecta murine: interaction between type I collagen homotrimers. J Mol Biol 2001; 309:807-15. [PMID: 11397098 DOI: 10.1006/jmbi.2001.4682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Types I, II, and III collagens are believed to have evolved from the same homotrimer ancestor and they have substantial sequence homology, but type I molecules are alpha1(I)(2)alpha2(I) heterotrimers, unlike homotrimeric types II and III. It is believed that the alpha2(I) chain first appeared in lower vertebrates and that it plays a particularly important role in bone formation. For instance, spontaneous mutations resulting in non- functional alpha2 chains and formation of type I homotrimers cause severe bone pathology (osteogenesis imperfecta) in humans and in animals. However, the exact role of the alpha2 chain is not known. Here, we report measurements of intermolecular forces between collagen helices in native and reconstituted fibers composed of type I homotrimers, heterotrimers and their mix. For comparison, we report forces between type II homotrimers in reconstituted fibers. In agreement with previous studies, we find that the absence of the alpha2 chain reduces temperature-favored attraction between collagen helices, either because of the difference in amino acid sequence of the alpha1 and alpha2 chains or because of more extensive post-translational modification of homotrimers. We find that forces between helices in fibers from type I (as well as type II) homotrimers are not sensitive to pH between pH 6 and 7.5, in contrast to type I heterotrimers. Apparently, the effect of pH is related to extra histidine residues present on alpha2 chains but not on alpha1 chains. Finally, our measurements indicate that the alpha2 chain is responsible for binding some soluble compound(s), possibly glycosaminoglycans, whose displacement results, e.g., in the loss of tendon crystallinity. The ability of the alpha2 chain to bind non-collagen matrix components may be particularly important for bone matrix formation and mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kuznetsova
- Laboratory of Physical and Structural Biology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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26
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Campbell BG, Wootton JA, Macleod JN, Minor RR. Canine COL1A2 mutation resulting in C-terminal truncation of pro-alpha2(I) and severe osteogenesis imperfecta. J Bone Miner Res 2001; 16:1147-53. [PMID: 11393792 DOI: 10.1359/jbmr.2001.16.6.1147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
RNA and type I collagen were analyzed from cultured skin fibroblasts of a Beagle puppy with fractures consistent with type III osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). In a nonisotopic RNAse cleavage assay (NIRCA), the proband's RNA had a unique cleavage pattern in the region of COL1A2 encoding the C-propeptide. DNA sequence analyses identified a mutation in which nucleotides 3991-3994 ("CTAG") were replaced with "TGTCATTGG." The first seven bases of the inserted sequence were identical to nucleotides 4002-4008 of the normal canine COL1A2 sequence. The resulting frameshift changed 30 amino acids and introduced a premature stop codon. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with primers flanking the mutation site amplified two complementary DNA (cDNA) fragments for the proband and a single product for the control. Restriction enzyme digestions also were consistent with a heterozygous mutation in the proband. Type I procollagen labeled with [3H]proline was analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Increased density of pC-alpha2(I) suggested comigration with the similarly sized pro-alpha2(I) derived from the mutant allele. Furthermore, a-chains were overhydroxylated and the ratio of alpha1(I):alpha2(I) was 3.2:1, consistent with the presence of alpha1(I) homotrimers. Analyses of COL1A2 and type I collagen were both consistent with the described heterozygous mutation affecting the pro-alpha2(I) C-propeptide and confirmed a diagnosis of OI.
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Affiliation(s)
- B G Campbell
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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27
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Brightman AO, Rajwa BP, Sturgis JE, McCallister ME, Robinson JP, Voytik-Harbin SL. Time-lapse confocal reflection microscopy of collagen fibrillogenesis and extracellular matrix assembly in vitro. Biopolymers 2000; 54:222-34. [PMID: 10861383 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0282(200009)54:3<222::aid-bip80>3.0.co;2-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The development of the next generation of biomaterials for restoration of tissues and organs (i.e., tissue engineering) requires a better understanding of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and its interaction with cells. Extracellular matrix is a macromolecular assembly of natural biopolymers including collagens, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), proteoglycans (PGs), and glycoproteins. Interestingly, several ECM components have the ability to form three-dimensional (3D), supramolecular matrices (scaffolds) in vitro by a process of self-directed polymerization, "self-assembly". It has been shown previously that 3D matrices with distinct architectural and biological properties can be formed from either purified type I collagen or a complex mixture of interstitial ECM components derived from intestinal submucosa. Unfortunately, many of the imaging and analysis techniques available to study these matrices either are unable to provide insight into 3D preparations or demand efforts that are often prohibitory to observations of living, dynamic systems. This is the first report on the use of reflection imaging at rapid time intervals combined with laser-scanning confocal microscopy for analysis of structural properties and kinetics of collagen and ECM assembly in 3D. We compared time-lapse confocal reflection microscopy (TL-CRM) with a well-established spectrophotometric method for determining the self-assembly properties of both purified type I collagen and soluble interstitial ECM. While both TL-CRM and spectrophotometric techniques provided insight into the kinetics of the polymerization process, only TL-CRM allowed qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the structural parameters (e.g., fibril diameter) and 3D organization (e.g., fibril density) of component fibrils over time. Matrices formed from the complex mixture of soluble interstitial ECM components showed an increased rate of assembly, decreased opacity, decreased fibril diameter, and increased fibril density compared to that of purified type I collagen. These results suggested that the PG/GAG components of soluble interstitial ECM were affecting the polymerization of the component collagens. Therefore, the effects of purified and complex mixtures of PG/GAG components on the assembly properties of type I collagen and interstitial ECM were evaluated. The data confirmed that the presence of PG/GAG components altered the kinetics and the 3D fibril morphology of assembled matrices. In summary, TL-CRM was demonstrated to be a new and useful technique for analysis of the 3D assembly properties of collagen and other natural biopolymers which requires no specimen fixation and/or staining.
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Affiliation(s)
- A O Brightman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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28
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Brightman AO, Rajwa BP, Sturgis JE, McCallister ME, Robinson JP, Voytik-Harbin SL. Time-lapse confocal reflection microscopy of collagen fibrillogenesis and extracellular matrix assembly in vitro. Biopolymers 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1097-0282(200009)54:3%3c222::aid-bip80%3e3.0.co;2-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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29
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Bailey AJ, Knott L. Molecular changes in bone collagen in osteoporosis and osteoarthritis in the elderly. Exp Gerontol 1999; 34:337-51. [PMID: 10433388 DOI: 10.1016/s0531-5565(99)00016-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A J Bailey
- Collagen Research Group, Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Bristol, Langford, UK.
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30
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The mechanisms and consequences of the maturation and ageing of collagen. J CHEM SCI 1999. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02869896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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31
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McBride DJ, Choe V, Shapiro JR, Brodsky B. Altered collagen structure in mouse tail tendon lacking the alpha 2(I) chain. J Mol Biol 1997; 270:275-84. [PMID: 9236128 DOI: 10.1006/jmbi.1997.1106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Type I collagen is the most prevalent member of the fibril forming family of collagens in higher vertebrates and its heterotrimeric form is comprised of two alpha 1(I) chains and one alpha2(I) polypeptide chain. The functional importance of having two distinct chain types in type I collagen is largely undefined. The existence of a mouse model with a Cola-2 gene mutation (termed oim) that results in non-functional pro alpha 2(I) chains presents a unique opportunity to explore changes in collagen structure resulting from the complete (oim/oim mice) and partial (oim/+ mice) loss of functional alpha 2(I) chains. Tail tendon is a tissue with a well-defined, hierarchical organization of type I collagen. X-ray diffraction studies on oim/oim versus control tendons indicate that the total absence of alpha 2(I) chains results in a decrease in the order of axial packing and a loss of crystalline lateral packing. This suggests that the non-equivalence of three chains is an important determinant of lateral interactions between adjacent molecules and may be involved in the long-range axial order in type I collagen-containing tissues. Both homotrimeric and heterotrimeric type I collagen molecules are found in heterozygous oim mice and these appear to be present in the same co-polymeric fibrils, preventing crystalline lateral packing. In addition to these changes at a fibrillar level, the absence of the alpha 2(I) chain results in an increased enzymatic susceptibility at one site. The oim/oim mice are observed to have reduced body size and smaller tendon bundles, which may be a consequence of these molecular and fibrillar changes in collagen. Furthermore, it is likely that a similar alteration in the molecular packing of collagen in bone fibrils contributes to the osteopenia and decreased bone strength in mice with the oim mutation that are also characteristic of human osteogenesis imperfecta.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J McBride
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
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32
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Saban J, Zussman MA, Havey R, Patwardhan AG, Schneider GB, King D. Heterozygous oim mice exhibit a mild form of osteogenesis imperfecta. Bone 1996; 19:575-9. [PMID: 8968022 DOI: 10.1016/s8756-3282(96)00305-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The oim strain of mice is one of several rodent models that exhibit an osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) phenotype. These mice have a mutation in the gene encoding alpha-2 chain of type I procollagen that prevents proper assembly of this propeptide with alpha-1 propeptides. Homozygous oim mice experience multiple bone fractures under standard laboratory animal housing conditions and are representative of moderate to severe forms of OI. Because fractures are not typically experienced by heterozygous oim mice, they have not been studied extensively. The present studies show that the organization of cortical bone is deficient in heterozygotes, exhibiting a morphology intermediate to specimens from homozygotes and wild-type mice. The biomechanical properties of femurs isolated from heterozygous oim mice are also intermediate to homozygotes and wild-type mice when tested in four-point bending. Although it is not possible to distinguish visually between heterozygous oim and wild-type mice, the quality and biomechanical properties of bone in heterozygotes is significantly reduced by twelve weeks of age. Heterozygous oim mice are useful as a model for a mild form of OI.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Saban
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Biology, Finch University of Health Sciences/The Chicago Medical School, North Chicago, IL 60064-3095, USA
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In vitro mutagenesis of Caenorhabditis elegans cuticle collagens identifies a potential subtilisin-like protease cleavage site and demonstrates that carboxyl domain disulfide bonding is required for normal function but not assembly. Mol Cell Biol 1994. [PMID: 8139571 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.14.4.2722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of conserved amino acids in the amino and carboxyl non-Gly-X-Y domains of Caenorhabditis elegans cuticle collagens was examined by analyzing site-directed mutations of the sqt-1 and rol-6 collagen genes in transgenic animals. Altered collagen genes on transgenic arrays were shown to produce appropriate phenotypes by injecting in vivo cloned mutant alleles. Equivalent alterations in sqt-1 and rol-6 generally produced the same phenotypes, indicating that conserved amino acids in these two collagens have similar functions. Serine substitutions for either of two conserved carboxyl domain cysteines produced LRol phenotypes. Substitution for both cysteines in sqt-1 also resulted in an LRol phenotype, demonstrating that disulfide bonding is important for normal function but not required for assembly. Arg-1 or Arg-4 to Cys mutations in homology block A (HBA; consensus, 1-RXRRQ-5; in the amino non-Gly-X-Y domain) caused RRol phenotypes, while the same alteration at Arg-3 had no effect, indicating that Arg-3 is functionally different from Arg-1 and Arg-4. Substitutions of Arg-4 with Ser, Leu, or Glu also produced the RRol phenotype, while Lys substitutions for Arg-1 or Arg-4 did not generate any abnormal phenotypes. His substitutions for Arg-1 or Arg-4 caused somewhat less severe RRol phenotypes. Therefore, strong positively charged residues, Arg or Lys, are required at positions 1 and 4 for normal function. The conserved pattern of arginines in HBA matches the cleavage sites of the subtilisin-like endoproteinases. HBA may be a cleavage site for a subtilisin-like protease, and cleavage may be important for cuticle collagen processing.
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Hojima Y, Mörgelin M, Engel J, Boutillon M, van der Rest M, McKenzie J, Chen G, Rafi N, Romanic A, Prockop D. Characterization of type I procollagen N-proteinase from fetal bovine tendon and skin. Purification of the 500-kilodalton form of the enzyme from bovine tendon. J Biol Chem 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)78136-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Yang J, Kramer JM. In vitro mutagenesis of Caenorhabditis elegans cuticle collagens identifies a potential subtilisin-like protease cleavage site and demonstrates that carboxyl domain disulfide bonding is required for normal function but not assembly. Mol Cell Biol 1994; 14:2722-30. [PMID: 8139571 PMCID: PMC358638 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.14.4.2722-2730.1994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of conserved amino acids in the amino and carboxyl non-Gly-X-Y domains of Caenorhabditis elegans cuticle collagens was examined by analyzing site-directed mutations of the sqt-1 and rol-6 collagen genes in transgenic animals. Altered collagen genes on transgenic arrays were shown to produce appropriate phenotypes by injecting in vivo cloned mutant alleles. Equivalent alterations in sqt-1 and rol-6 generally produced the same phenotypes, indicating that conserved amino acids in these two collagens have similar functions. Serine substitutions for either of two conserved carboxyl domain cysteines produced LRol phenotypes. Substitution for both cysteines in sqt-1 also resulted in an LRol phenotype, demonstrating that disulfide bonding is important for normal function but not required for assembly. Arg-1 or Arg-4 to Cys mutations in homology block A (HBA; consensus, 1-RXRRQ-5; in the amino non-Gly-X-Y domain) caused RRol phenotypes, while the same alteration at Arg-3 had no effect, indicating that Arg-3 is functionally different from Arg-1 and Arg-4. Substitutions of Arg-4 with Ser, Leu, or Glu also produced the RRol phenotype, while Lys substitutions for Arg-1 or Arg-4 did not generate any abnormal phenotypes. His substitutions for Arg-1 or Arg-4 caused somewhat less severe RRol phenotypes. Therefore, strong positively charged residues, Arg or Lys, are required at positions 1 and 4 for normal function. The conserved pattern of arginines in HBA matches the cleavage sites of the subtilisin-like endoproteinases. HBA may be a cleavage site for a subtilisin-like protease, and cleavage may be important for cuticle collagen processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Yang
- Department of Cell, Molecular and Structural Biology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 60611
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Fertala A, Sieron A, Hojima Y, Ganguly A, Prockop D. Self-assembly into fibrils of collagen II by enzymic cleavage of recombinant procollagen II. Lag period, critical concentration, and morphology of fibrils differ from collagen I. J Biol Chem 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)78164-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Pucci-Minafra I, Luparello C, Andriolo M, Basiricò L, Aquino A, Minafra S. A new form of tumor and fetal collagen that binds laminin. Biochemistry 1993; 32:7421-7. [PMID: 8338839 DOI: 10.1021/bi00080a012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Human breast and colon carcinoma tissues contain a form of collagen, not described before, composed of alpha 1 chains of similar size (approximately 100 kDa) but different charge. The three constitutive chains, separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis, are a unique acidic component, undetectable in other collagen types, with an apparent isoelectric point of 4-5, and two more basic components displaying the same electrophoretic behavior as alpha 1(III) and alpha 1(I), respectively. The acidic chain is structurally distinct from alpha 1(I) and displays a cyanogen bromide-derived fragment of similar size to CB5(III). This collagen in its native state is resistant to trypsin and metalloproteinase 3, while it is fully degraded by metalloproteinases 1 and 9. Moreover, this collagen appears able to bind to laminin, as tested by affinity chromatography. The biological significance of our data is related to the finding of this collagen form not only in the tumor tissue tested but also in embryonic-fetal tissues (bovine skin and intestine and human umbilical cord). For its peculiar laminin-binding ability and occurrence in tumoral and embryonic-fetal tissues, we propose to temporarily term this new collagen form OF/LB collagen (onco-fetal, laminin-binding collagen). The presence of OF/LB collagen during development and cancer, and its absence in normal adult tissues, make this protein a potential stromal marker of malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Pucci-Minafra
- Dipartimento di Biologia Cellulare e dello Sviluppo, Università, Palermo, Italy
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