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Bennett SH, Bestwick JS, Demertzidou VP, Jones DJ, Jones HE, Richard F, Homer JA, Street-Jeakings R, Tiberia AF, Lawrence AL. Stereoretentive enantioconvergent reactions. Nat Chem 2024; 16:1177-1183. [PMID: 38632365 PMCID: PMC11230902 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-024-01504-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Enantioconvergent reactions are pre-eminent in contemporary asymmetric synthesis as they convert both enantiomers of a racemic starting material into a single enantioenriched product, thus avoiding the maximum 50% yield associated with resolutions. All currently known enantioconvergent processes necessitate the loss or partial loss of the racemic substrate's stereochemical information, thus limiting the potential substrate scope to molecules that contain labile stereogenic units. Here we present an alternative approach to enantioconvergent reactions that can proceed with full retention of the racemic substrate's configuration. This uniquely stereo-economic approach is possible if the two enantiomers of a racemic starting material are joined together to form one enantiomer of a non-meso product. Experimental validation of this concept is presented using two distinct strategies: (1) a direct asymmetric coupling approach, and (2) a multicomponent approach, which exhibits statistical amplification of enantiopurity. Thus, the established dogma that enantioconvergent reactions require substrates that contain labile stereogenic units is shown to be incorrect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven H Bennett
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jacob S Bestwick
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - David J Jones
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Helen E Jones
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - François Richard
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Joshua A Homer
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Andrew F Tiberia
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Andrew L Lawrence
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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2
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Bernhard LM, Zelenska K, Takashima M, Arisawa M, Murai K, Gröger H. Enantioselective Synthesis of Secondary Amines by Combining Oxidative Rearrangement and Biocatalysis in a One-Pot Process. J Org Chem 2024; 89:8513-8520. [PMID: 38836638 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
This contribution describes the development of chemoenzymatic one-pot processes, which combine an oxidative rearrangement and a biotransformation catalyzed by an imine reductase (IRED), for the synthesis of highly enantiomerically enriched secondary amines, such as an aryl-substituted pyrrolidine and a benzazepine. The benefits of this chemoenzymatic one-pot approach include high overall conversions (up to >99%), high enantiomeric excesses (up to >99% ee), and a straightforward synthetic approach toward secondary amines without the need to isolate the formed intermediate. For the initial chemical reaction, namely, the oxidative rearrangement, PhI(OAc)2 in methanol is used as a non-natural reagent, whereas the enzymatic step requires only stoichiometric amounts of d-glucose along with catalytic amounts of IRED, glucose dehydrogenase (GDH), and the cofactor NADPH. This methodology, demonstrating the compatibility of a "classic" organic synthesis using a non-natural, highly reactive reagent and a subsequent biocatalytic step, can be applied for different amines as substrates, thus making this concept a versatile tool in synthetic organic chemistry in general and for enantioselective synthesis of heterocyclic secondary amines in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Bernhard
- Chair of Industrial Organic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Kateryna Zelenska
- Chair of Industrial Organic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Mirei Takashima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Arisawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kenichi Murai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Harald Gröger
- Chair of Industrial Organic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
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3
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Design and synthesis of new antitumor agents with the 1,7-epoxycyclononane framework. Study of their anticancer action mechanism by a model compound. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:3379-3398. [PMID: 29784272 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This article describes the design, synthesis and biological evaluation of a new family of antitumor agents having the 1,7-epoxycyclononane framework. We have developed a versatile synthetic methodology that allows the preparation of a chemical library with structural diversity and in good yield. The synthetic methodology has been scaled up to the multigram level and can be developed in an enantioselective fashion. The study in vitro of a model compound, in front of the cancer cell lines HL-60 and MCF-7, showed a growth inhibitory effect better than that of cisplatin. The observation of cancer cells by fluorescence microscopy showed the presence of apoptotic bodies and a degradation of microtubules. The study of cell cycle and mechanism of death of cancer cells by flow cytometry indicates that the cell cycle arrested at the G0/G1 phase and that the cells died by apoptosis preferably over necrosis. A high percentage of apoptotic cells at the subG0/G1 level was observed. This indicates that our model compound does not behave as an antimitotic agent like nocodazole, used as a reference, which arrests the cell cycle at G2/M phase. The interaction of anticancer agents with DNA molecules was evaluated by atomic force microscopy, circular dichroism and electrophoresis on agarose gel. The results indicate that the model compound has not DNA as a target molecule. The in silico study of the model compound showed a potential good oral bioavailability.
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4
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Montaña ÁM, Ponzano S, Sanasi MF, Kociok-Köhn G. Synthesis of the 10-oxabicyclo[5.2.1]decane framework present in bioactive natural products. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:1557-1580. [PMID: 29437174 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob00194d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The present work deals with the synthesis of the 10-oxabicyclo[5.2.1]decane framework present in bioactive natural products like physalins, with potential as antitumor agents. This synthetic methodology involves several key reactions: (a) synthesis of polyfunctionalized cycloheptenones by [4 + 3] cycloaddition reactions of furan precursors with oxyallyl cations; (b) Nicholas reaction with propargyl cations stabilized as dicobalt hexacarbonyl complexes; (c) demetallation and hydration of the resulting acetylenes; (d) stereoconvergent aldol cyclization to generate a key oxatricyclic intermediate and (e) a β-fragmentation process that affords, under hypoiodite photolysis, the desired product with moderate to good yield. The final compounds are the result of a radicalary β-fragmentation at the level of C2-C6 with respect to the tertiary hydroxyl group on C6, with an unexpected contraction from a ten- to a nine-membered ring system, via a radical addition to the carbonyl group on C4. The synthetic methodology has been scaled up to multigram level with good overall yield. Further biological, biochemical and biophysical studies are being carried out in our laboratory on these 1,7-epoxycyclononane derivatives to determine the potential of this kind of oxabicyclic compound as future hits and/or leads for the development of new anticancer drugs. The preliminary evaluation of the anticancer activity of the representative synthesized compounds, against the leukaemia cancer cell lines K-562 and SR, shows a promising activity with a GI50 = 0.01 μM and a LC50 = 7.4 μM for a conveniently functionalized 10-oxabicyclo[5.2.1]decane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel M Montaña
- Industrial and Applied Organic Chemistry Research Unity, Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Universidad de Barcelona, Martí Franquès 1-11, 08028-Barcelona, Spain.
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5
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Mühlhäuser T, Savin A, Frey W, Baro A, Schneider AJ, Döteberg HG, Bauer F, Köhn A, Laschat S. Role of Regioisomeric Bicyclo[3.3.0]octa-2,5-diene Ligands in Rh Catalysis: Synthesis, Structural Analysis, Theoretical Study, and Application in Asymmetric 1,2- and 1,4-Additions. J Org Chem 2017; 82:13468-13480. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tina Mühlhäuser
- Institut
für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring
55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Alex Savin
- Institut
für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring
55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Frey
- Institut
für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring
55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Angelika Baro
- Institut
für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring
55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Andreas J. Schneider
- Kekulé-Institut
für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Heinz-Günter Döteberg
- HD Separation
GmbH, Industriepark Niederau, Kreuzauer Strasse 46, 52355 Düren, Germany
| | - Florian Bauer
- Institut
für Theoretische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring
55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Andreas Köhn
- Institut
für Theoretische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring
55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sabine Laschat
- Institut
für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring
55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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6
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da Costa MRG, Curto MJM, Davies SG, Teixeira FC, Thomson JE. Asymmetric ortho-deprotonation of (η6-arene) chromium tricarbonyl complexes substituted with a chiral hydroxylamine. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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7
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Wei Y, Zhang HX, Zeng JL, Nie J, Ma JA. Organocatalytic Asymmetric Decarboxylative Amination of β-Keto Acids: Access to Optically Active α-Amino Ketones and 1,2-Amino Alcohols. Org Lett 2017; 19:2162-2165. [PMID: 28406311 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b00797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An organocatalytic asymmetric decarboxylative amination reaction of β-keto acids is described. Under mild reaction conditions, a series of chiral α-amino ketones were obtained in good to high yields (up to 99%) and enantioselectivities (up to 95% ee). A chiral 1,2-amino alcohol was synthesized from the corresponding decarboxylative amination product in several steps without loss of enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Heng-Xia Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Liang Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Jing Nie
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Jun-An Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
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8
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Harrison-Marchand A, Barozzino-Consiglio G, Maddaluno J. Chiral Lithium Amides: Tuning Asymmetric Synthesis on the Basis of Structural Parameters. CHEM REC 2016; 17:622-639. [PMID: 27996185 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201600115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
An overview on the structural arrangements adopted by Chiral Lithium Amides (CLAs), alone or in mixed complexes, is presented. These species are important reagents for asymmetric synthesis and understanding their organization is essential to improve their design and the reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Harrison-Marchand
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, COBRA, UMR 6014 & FR 3038), 76000, Rouen, France
| | | | - Jacques Maddaluno
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, COBRA, UMR 6014 & FR 3038), 76000, Rouen, France
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9
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Schwarzwalder GM, Scott DR, Vanderwal CD. A Synthesis of Exiguaquinol Dessulfate. Chemistry 2016; 22:17953-17957. [PMID: 27673578 PMCID: PMC6028001 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201604506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A concise and stereoselective synthesis of exiguaquinol dessulfate is described. Sequential application of a Diels-Alder cycloaddition, a desymmetrizing aldol addition, and a reductive Heck cyclization established most of the architecture of exiguaquinol, and a carefully choreographed introduction of the polar substituents afforded the title compound; unfortunately, naphthoquinol sulfation could not be achieved to deliver exiguaquinol. Our hypothesis regarding the configurational preference of the N-acyl hemiaminal, which was based upon an analysis of internal hydrogen-bonding interactions with polar functional groups, was proven correct. A late-stage intermediate did not demonstrate bactericidal activity against H. pylori cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregg M Schwarzwalder
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 1102 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, CA, 92697-2025, USA
| | - David R Scott
- Department of Physiology, UC Los Angeles/VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, 11310 Wilshire Blvd, Bldg. 113, Rm. 324, Los Angeles, CA, 90073, USA
| | - Christopher D Vanderwal
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 1102 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, CA, 92697-2025, USA
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10
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Igawa K, Yoshihiro D, Abe Y, Tomooka K. Enantioselective Synthesis of Silacyclopentanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:5814-8. [PMID: 27037672 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201511728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A variety of functionalized silacyclopentanes were synthesized by highly enantioselective β-eliminations of silacyclopentene oxides followed by stereospecific transformations. The reaction mechanism of the β-elimination was elucidated by DFT calculations. An in vitro biological assay with an oxy-functionalized silacyclopentane showed substantial binding to a serotonin receptor protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunobu Igawa
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Fukuoka, 816-8580, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Yoshihiro
- Department of Molecular and Material Sciences, Kyushu University, Japan
| | - Yusuke Abe
- Department of Molecular and Material Sciences, Kyushu University, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Tomooka
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Fukuoka, 816-8580, Japan.
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11
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Igawa K, Yoshihiro D, Abe Y, Tomooka K. Enantioselective Synthesis of Silacyclopentanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201511728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazunobu Igawa
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering; Kyushu University; Kasuga Fukuoka 816-8580 Japan
| | - Daisuke Yoshihiro
- Department of Molecular and Material Sciences; Kyushu University; Japan
| | - Yusuke Abe
- Department of Molecular and Material Sciences; Kyushu University; Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Tomooka
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering; Kyushu University; Kasuga Fukuoka 816-8580 Japan
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12
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Gerhards F, Griebel N, Runsink J, Raabe G, Gais HJ. Chiral Lithiated Allylic α-Sulfonyl Carbanions: Experimental and Computational Study of Their Structure, Configurational Stability, and Enantioselective Synthesis. Chemistry 2015; 21:17904-20. [PMID: 26494207 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201503123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
X-ray crystal structure analysis of the lithiated allylic α-sulfonyl carbanions [CH2 CHC(Me)SO2 Ph]Li⋅diglyme, [cC6 H8 SO2 tBu]Li⋅PMDETA and [cC7 H10 SO2 tBu]Li⋅PMDETA showed dimeric and monomeric CIPs, having nearly planar anionic C atoms, only OLi bonds, almost planar allylic units with strong CC bond length alternation and the s-trans conformation around C1C2. They adopt a C1S conformation, which is similar to the one generally found for alkyl and aryl substituted α-sulfonyl carbanions. Cryoscopy of [EtCHCHC(Et)SO2 tBu]Li in THF at 164 K revealed an equilibrium between monomers and dimers in a ratio of 83:17, which is similar to the one found by low temperature NMR spectroscopy. According to NMR spectroscopy the lone-pair orbital at C1 strongly interacts with the CC double bond. Low temperature (6) Li,(1) H NOE experiments of [EtCHCHC(Et)SO2 tBu]Li in THF point to an equilibrium between monomeric CIPs having only OLi bonds and CIPs having both OLi and C1Li bonds. Ab initio calculation of [MeCHCHC(Me)SO2 Me]Li⋅(Me2 O)2 gave three isomeric CIPs having the s-trans conformation and three isomeric CIPs having the s-cis conformation around the C1C2 bond. All s-trans isomers are more stable than the s-cis isomers. At all levels of theory the s-trans isomer having OLi and C1Li bonds is the most stable one followed by the isomer which has two OLi bonds. The allylic unit of the C,O,Li isomer shows strong bond length alternation and the C1 atom is in contrast to the O,Li isomer significantly pyramidalized. According to NBO analysis of the s-trans and s-cis isomers, the interaction of the lone pair at C1 with the π* orbital of the CC double bond is energetically much more favorable than that with the "empty" orbitals at the Li atom. The C1S and C1C2 conformations are determined by the stereoelectronic effects nC -σSR * interaction and allylic conjugation. (1) H DNMR spectroscopy of racemic [EtCHCHC(Et)SO2 tBu]Li, [iPrCHCHC(iPr)SO2 tBu]Li and [EtCHC(Me)C(Et)SO2 tBu]Li in [D8 ]THF gave estimated barriers of enantiomerization of ΔG(≠) =13.2 kcal mol(-1) (270 K), 14.2 kcal mol(-1) (291 K) and 14.2 kcal mol(-1) (295 K), respectively. Deprotonation of sulfone (R)-EtCHCHCH(Et)SO2 tBu (94 % ee) with nBuLi in THF at -105 °C occurred with a calculated enantioselectivity of 93 % ee and gave carbanion (M)-[EtCHCHC(Et)SO2 tBu]Li, the deuteration and alkylation of which with CF3 CO2 D and MeOCH2 I, respectively, proceeded with high enantioselectivities. Time-dependent deuteration of the enantioenriched carbanion (M)-[EtCHCHC(Et)SO2 tBu]Li in THF gave a racemization barrier of ΔG(≠) =12.5 kcal mol(-1) (168 K), which translates to a calculated half-time of racemization of t1/2 =12 min at -105 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Gerhards
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen (Germany).,Present address: Philipp Reis Strasse 12, 40215 Düsseldorf (Germany)
| | - Nicole Griebel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen (Germany).,Present address: Kaiserstrasse 66, 52080 Aachen (Germany)
| | - Jan Runsink
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen (Germany)
| | - Gerhard Raabe
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen (Germany)
| | - Hans-Joachim Gais
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen (Germany).
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13
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Burns AR, Madec AGE, Low DW, Roy ID, Lam HW. Enantioselective synthesis of bicyclo[3.n.1]alkanes by chiral phosphoric acid-catalyzed desymmetrizing Michael cyclizations. Chem Sci 2015; 6:3550-3555. [PMID: 29511516 PMCID: PMC5659222 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc00753d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
2,2-Disubstituted cyclic 1,3-diketones containing a tethered electron-deficient alkene undergo chiral phosphoric acid-catalyzed desymmetrizing Michael cyclizations to give bridged bicyclic products in high enantioselectivities. Both bicyclo[3.2.1]octanes and bicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes are accessible using this methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan R Burns
- EaStCHEM , School of Chemistry , University of Edinburgh , Joseph Black Building, The King's Buildings, David Brewster Road , Edinburgh , EH9 3FJ , UK
- School of Chemistry , University of Nottingham , University Park , Nottingham , NG7 2RD , UK .
| | - Amaël G E Madec
- School of Chemistry , University of Nottingham , University Park , Nottingham , NG7 2RD , UK .
| | - Darryl W Low
- EaStCHEM , School of Chemistry , University of Edinburgh , Joseph Black Building, The King's Buildings, David Brewster Road , Edinburgh , EH9 3FJ , UK
| | - Iain D Roy
- EaStCHEM , School of Chemistry , University of Edinburgh , Joseph Black Building, The King's Buildings, David Brewster Road , Edinburgh , EH9 3FJ , UK
| | - Hon Wai Lam
- EaStCHEM , School of Chemistry , University of Edinburgh , Joseph Black Building, The King's Buildings, David Brewster Road , Edinburgh , EH9 3FJ , UK
- School of Chemistry , University of Nottingham , University Park , Nottingham , NG7 2RD , UK .
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14
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Desrat S, Remeur C, Roussi F. Development of an efficient route toward meiogynin A-inspired dual inhibitors of Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 anti-apoptotic proteins. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:5520-31. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob00354g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, on a large scale, with very good yield and er via an efficient strategy, of a chiral 4-substituted 2-cyclohexenone intermediate, was a milestone in the synthesis of seven analogues of meiogynin A, a natural sesquiterpenoid dimer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandy Desrat
- Centre de Recherche de Gif
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles (ICSN)
- CNRS UPR 2301
- Université Paris Sud Labex CEBA
- 91 198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex
| | - Camille Remeur
- Centre de Recherche de Gif
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles (ICSN)
- CNRS UPR 2301
- Université Paris Sud Labex CEBA
- 91 198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex
| | - Fanny Roussi
- Centre de Recherche de Gif
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles (ICSN)
- CNRS UPR 2301
- Université Paris Sud Labex CEBA
- 91 198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex
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15
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Carswell EL, Kerr WJ, McArthur D, Pažický M, Watson AJ. Development of chiral heteroleptic magnesium amides; asymmetric deprotonations mediated by six-membered metallocyclic amidomagnesium naphtholates. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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16
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Chen J, Wu G, Xiong Z, Wu H, Chua YS, Zhou W, Liu B, Ju X, Chen P. Synthesis, Thermal Behavior, and Dehydrogenation Kinetics Study of Lithiated Ethylenediamine. Chemistry 2014; 20:13636-43. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201403047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juner Chen
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023 (P.R. China), Fax: (+86) 411‐84379583
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049 (P.R. China)
| | - Guotao Wu
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023 (P.R. China), Fax: (+86) 411‐84379583
| | - Zhitao Xiong
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023 (P.R. China), Fax: (+86) 411‐84379583
| | - Hui Wu
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, 20899‐6102 (USA)
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 20742‐2115 (USA)
| | - Yong Shen Chua
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023 (P.R. China), Fax: (+86) 411‐84379583
| | - Wei Zhou
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, 20899‐6102 (USA)
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 20742‐2115 (USA)
| | - Bin Liu
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023 (P.R. China), Fax: (+86) 411‐84379583
| | - Xiaohua Ju
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023 (P.R. China), Fax: (+86) 411‐84379583
| | - Ping Chen
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023 (P.R. China), Fax: (+86) 411‐84379583
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17
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Miyamae N, Watanabe N, Moritaka M, Nakano K, Ichikawa Y, Kotsuki H. Asymmetric organocatalytic desymmetrization of 4,4-disubstituted cyclohexadienones at high pressure: a new powerful strategy for the synthesis of highly congested chiral cyclohexenones. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:5847-55. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00733f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A highly diastereoselective and enantioselective method for the asymmetric desymmetrization of 4,4-disubstituted cyclohexadienones at high pressure was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomu Miyamae
- Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Kochi University
- Kochi 780-8520, Japan
| | - Naruhisa Watanabe
- Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Kochi University
- Kochi 780-8520, Japan
| | - Maya Moritaka
- Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Kochi University
- Kochi 780-8520, Japan
| | - Keiji Nakano
- Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Kochi University
- Kochi 780-8520, Japan
| | - Yoshiyasu Ichikawa
- Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Kochi University
- Kochi 780-8520, Japan
| | - Hiyoshizo Kotsuki
- Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Kochi University
- Kochi 780-8520, Japan
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18
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Harrison-Marchand A, Mongin F. Mixed AggregAte (MAA): A Single Concept for All Dipolar Organometallic Aggregates. 1. Structural Data. Chem Rev 2013; 113:7470-562. [DOI: 10.1021/cr300295w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Harrison-Marchand
- Laboratoire COBRA de l′Université de Rouen, INSA de Rouen, CNRS, UMR 6014 & FR 3038, IRCOF, Rue Tesnière, 76821 Mont St Aignan Cédex, France
| | - Florence Mongin
- Équipe Chimie et Photonique Moléculaires, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1, Bâtiment 10A, case 1003, Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes Cédex, France
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19
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Vlahovic S, Schädel N, Tussetschläger S, Laschat S. Tropanes as Scaffolds for Phosphorus-Olefin Ligands and Their Application in Asymmetric Catalysis. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201201539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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20
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Lutz V, Park N, Rothe C, Krüger C, Baro A, Laschat S. Doing it Twice: Asymmetric Deprotonation/Alkylation of Weiss Diketone Derivatives as Key Steps in the Functionalization of Bicyclo[3.3.0]octanes. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201201409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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21
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Andrews PC, Blair VL, Koutsaplis M, Thompson CD. Anion Rearrangements of Alkali Metal Complexes of the Chiral Amine (S)-N-α-(Methylbenzyl)phenylallylamine: Structural and Solution Insights. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om300747w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip C. Andrews
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, P.O. Box 23, Melbourne, 3800, Australia
| | - Victoria L. Blair
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, P.O. Box 23, Melbourne, 3800, Australia
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22
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Prestly MR, Simpkins NS. Chiral Bases as Useful Probes of Lithium Amide Reactivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201206558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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23
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Prestly MR, Simpkins NS. Chiral Bases as Useful Probes of Lithium Amide Reactivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:12068-71. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201206558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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24
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Abstract
The 1,2-diamine moiety is a ubiquitous structural motif present in a wealth of natural products, including non-proteinogenic amino acids and numerous alkaloids, as well as in pharmaceutical agents, chiral ligands and organic reagents. The biological activity associated with many of these systems and their chemical utility in general has ensured that the development of methods for their preparation is of critical importance. While a wide range of strategies for the preparation of 1,2-diamines have been established, the diamination of alkenes offers a particularly direct and efficient means of accessing these systems. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of all methods of direct alkene diamination, metal-mediated or otherwise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam de Jong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL, 60607-7061 USA
| | - Daniel G. Nosal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL, 60607-7061 USA
| | - Duncan J. Wardrop
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL, 60607-7061 USA
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25
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Clegg W, Kennedy AR, Klett J, Mulvey RE, Russo L. Adding Rubidium and Cesium to the Homologous Series of Alkali Metal Compounds of (Trimethylsilyl)methanides and 2,2,6,6‐Tetramethylpiperidides. Eur J Inorg Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201200122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William Clegg
- School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Alan R. Kennedy
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK, Fax: +44‐141‐5484787
| | - Jan Klett
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK, Fax: +44‐141‐5484787
| | - Robert E. Mulvey
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK, Fax: +44‐141‐5484787
| | - Luca Russo
- School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
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26
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Kumar V, Pal A, Khatik GL, Bhattacharya S, Nair VA. Additive controlled, stereoselective benzylation of 2-thioxotetrahydropyrimidin-4(1H)-ones via chiral induction from a remote stereocenter. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2012.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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27
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Rönnholm P, Gräfenstein J, Norrby PO, Hilmersson G, Nilsson Lill SO. A computational study of the enantioselective addition of n-BuLi to benzaldehyde in the presence of a chiral lithium N,P amide. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:2807-14. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob06910e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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Enantioselective total synthesis and absolute configuration of the alleged structure of crassinervic acid. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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29
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Dinér P. Catalytic asymmetric chiral lithium amide-promoted epoxide rearrangement: a NMR spectroscopic and kinetic investigation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2010.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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30
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31
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Scholz R, Hellmann G, Rohs S, Özdemir D, Raabe G, Vermeeren C, Gais HJ. Enantioselective Synthesis, Configurational Stability, and Reactivity of Lithium α-tert-Butylsulfonyl Carbanion Salts. European J Org Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201000410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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32
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Scholz R, Hellmann G, Rohs S, Raabe G, Runsink J, Özdemir D, Luche O, Heß T, Giesen AW, Atodiresei J, Lindner HJ, Gais HJ. Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of the Enantiomerization of Lithium α-tert-Butylsulfonyl Carbanion Salts and the Determination of Their Structures in Solution and in the Crystal. European J Org Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201000409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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33
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Chemoenzymatic and enantioselective assembly of the (1α,3aβ,6α,7aβ)-octahydro-1,6-methano-1H-indene framework associated with 2-isocyanoallopupukeanane: validation of a new synthetic strategy and the identification of enantiomeric switching regimes. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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34
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35
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Lutz V, Baro A, Fischer P, Laschat S. Synthesis of Functionalized Hydropentalenes by an Asymmetric Deprotonation/Alkylation Strategy. European J Org Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200901154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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36
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Leemans E, Mangelinckx S, De Kimpe N. Asymmetric synthesis of 2-arylpyrrolidines starting from γ-chloro N-(tert-butanesulfinyl)ketimines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:3122-4. [DOI: 10.1039/b925209f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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37
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38
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Horrillo-Martínez P, Hultzsch KC. Intramolecular hydroamination/cyclization of aminoalkenes catalyzed by diamidobinaphthyl magnesium- and zinc-complexes. Tetrahedron Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.02.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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39
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40
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41
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Paté F, Gérard H, Oulyadi H, de la Lande A, Harrison-Marchand A, Parisel O, Maddaluno J. Shuffling lithiated mixed aggregates: NMR and Car–Parrinello molecular dynamics reveal an unexpected associative pathway. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:319-21. [DOI: 10.1039/b814961e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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42
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Armstrong D, Graham D, Kennedy A, Mulvey R, O'Hara C. A Structural and Computational Study of Synthetically Important Alkali-Metal/Tetramethylpiperidide (TMP) Amine Solvates. Chemistry 2008; 14:8025-34. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200800158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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43
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Studte C, Breit B. Zinc-catalyzed enantiospecific sp3-sp3 cross-coupling of alpha-hydroxy ester triflates with Grignard reagents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:5451-5. [PMID: 18561357 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200800733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Studte
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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44
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Studte C, Breit B. Zink‐katalysierte enantiospezifische sp3‐sp3‐Kreuzkupplung von α‐Hydroxyestertriflaten mit Grignard‐Reagentien. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200800733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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45
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He X, Hurley E, Noll BC, Henderson KW. Regio- and Stereoselective Enolizations Using Calcium Bis(hexamethyldisilazide) as a Base: Synthetic, Solid-State, and Solution Studies. Organometallics 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/om7011908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuyang He
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-5670
| | - Erin Hurley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-5670
| | - Bruce C. Noll
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-5670
| | - Kenneth W. Henderson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-5670
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46
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47
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Romanova NN, Gravis AG, Bundel' YG. Michael synthesis of esters of β-amino acids: stereochemical aspects. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2007. [DOI: 10.1070/rc1996v065n12abeh000244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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48
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Montaña ÁM, Ponzano S, Kociok-Köhn G, Font-Bardia M, Solans X. Versatile Methodology to Synthesize Oxygen-Bridged Nine- and Ten-Membered Cycloalkanes by the Hypoiodite Reaction. European J Org Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200700172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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49
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Ortiz FL, Iglesias MJ, Fernandez I, Sanchez CMA, Gómez GR. Nucleophilic Dearomatizing (DNAr) Reactions of Aromatic C,H-Systems. A Mature Paradigm in Organic Synthesis. Chem Rev 2007; 107:1580-691. [PMID: 17488057 DOI: 10.1021/cr030207l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando López Ortiz
- Area de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Almería, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain.
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50
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Inoue M, Lee N, Kasuya S, Sato T, Hirama M, Moriyama M, Fukuyama Y. Total synthesis and bioactivity of an unnatural enantiomer of merrilactone a: development of an enantioselective desymmetrization strategy. J Org Chem 2007; 72:3065-75. [PMID: 17355151 DOI: 10.1021/jo0700474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
(-)-Merrilactone A [(-)-1], isolated from Illicium merrillianum in 2000, possesses neurite outgrowth activity in cultures of fetal rat cortical neurons, and, therefore, is expected to show therapeutic potential for the treatment of neurodegeneration associated with Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Apart from its biological aspects, the caged pentacyclic skeleton of 1 poses interesting synthetic challenges. Here, we report the total synthesis of the unnatural enantiomer of merrilactone A [(+)-1], based on a novel desymmetrization strategy. The chiral lithium amide 16g promoted an enantioselective transannular aldol reaction of eight-membered meso-diketone 3d, establishing the absolute stereochemistries of four chiral centers of the cis-bicyclo[3.3.0]octane framework of 1 in a single step. The obtained compound 4d served as a platform for the subsequent functional group manipulations necessary for the construction of (+)-1. Surprisingly, both the natural and unnatural enantiomers of synthetic merrilactone A equally promoted neurite outgrowth in primary neuronal cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Inoue
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
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