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Horn A, Dussault PH. Synthesis of α-Cyano and α-Sulfonyl Cyclic Ethers via Intramolecular Reactions of Peroxides with Sulfone- and Nitrile-Stabilized Carbanions. J Org Chem 2019; 84:14611-14626. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alissa Horn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0304, United States
| | - Patrick H. Dussault
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0304, United States
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Skrobiszewski A, Gładkowski W, Maciejewska G, Wawrzeńczyk C. Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of trans-β-Aryl-δ-hydroxy-γ-lactones and Enzymatic Kinetic Resolution of Their Racemic Mixtures. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21111552. [PMID: 27886108 PMCID: PMC6272857 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21111552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Two novel and convenient routes to obtain enantiomerically enriched trans-β-aryl-δ-hydroxy-γ-lactones 5a–d with potential antifeedant and anticancer activity were developed. In the first method starting from corresponding enantiomers of γ,δ-unsaturated esters 4a–d derived from enzymatically resolved allyl alcohols 1a–d, both enantiomers of hydroxylactones 5a–d were synthesized with high enantiomeric excesses (73%–97%). Configurations of the stereogenic centers of the synthesized compounds were assigned based on the mechanism of acidic lactonization of esters 4a–d in the presence of m-chloroperbenzoic acid (m-CPBA). An alternative method for the production of optically active trans-β-aryl-δ-hydroxy-γ-lactones 5a–d was lipase-catalyzed kinetic resolution of their racemic mixtures by transesterification with vinyl propionate as the acyl donor. The most efficient enzyme in the screening procedure was lipase B from Candida antarctica. Its application on a preparative scale after 6 h afforded unreacted (+)-(4S,5R,6S)-hydroxylactones 5a–d and (+)-(4R,5S,6R)-propionates 6a–d, most of them with high enantiomeric excesses (92%–98%). Resolution of lactone 5d with bulky 1,3-benzodioxol ring provided products with significantly lower optical purity (ee = 89% and 84% for hydroxylactone 5d and propionate 6d, respectively). The elaborated methods give access to both enantiomers of trans-β-aryl-δ-hydroxy-γ-lactones 5a–d with the defined absolute configurations of stereogenic centers, which is crucial requirement for the investigations of relationship: spatial structure–biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Skrobiszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, Wrocław 50-375, Poland.
| | - Witold Gładkowski
- Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, Wrocław 50-375, Poland.
| | - Gabriela Maciejewska
- Central Laboratory of the Instrumental Analysis, Wrocław University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, Wrocław 50-370, Poland.
| | - Czesław Wawrzeńczyk
- Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, Wrocław 50-375, Poland.
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Abstract
The hydration and hydrolysis of nitriles are valuable synthetic methods used to prepare carboxamides and carboxylic acids. However, chemical hydration and hydrolysis of nitriles involve harsh reaction conditions, have low selectivity, and generate large amounts of waste. Therefore, researchers have confined the scope of these reactions to simple nitrile substrates. However, biological transformations of nitriles are highly efficient, chemoselective, and environmentally benign, which has led synthetic organic chemists and biotechologists to study these reactions in detail over the last two decades. In nature, biological systems degrade nitriles via two distinct pathways: nitrilases catalyze the direct hydrolysis of nitriles to afford carboxylic acids with release of ammonia, and nitrile hydratases catalyze the conversion of nitriles into carboxamides, which then furnish carboxylic acids via hydrolysis in the presence of amidases. Researchers have subsequently developed biocatalytic methods into useful industrial processes for the manufacture of commodity chemicals, including acrylamide. Since the late 1990s, research by my group and others has led to enormous progress in the understanding and application of enantioselective biotransformations of nitriles in organic synthesis. In this Account, I summarize the important advances in enantioselective biotransformations of nitriles and amides, with a primary focus on research from my laboratory. I describe microbial whole-cell-catalyzed kinetic resolution of various functionalized nitriles, amino- and hydroxynitriles, and nitriles that contain small rings and the desymmetrization of prochiral and meso dinitriles and diamides. I also demonstrate how we can apply the biocatalytic protocol to synthesize natural products and bioactive compounds. These nitrile biotransformations offer an attractive and unique protocol for the enantioselective synthesis of polyfunctionalized organic compounds that are not readily obtainable by other methods. Nitrile substrates are readily available, and the mild reaction conditions are specific toward cyano and amido functional groups without interfering with other reactive functional groups. I anticipate that further advances in this field will lead to new and engineered nitrile-hydrolyzing enzymes or catalytic systems with improved activity and altered selectivity. These advances will broaden the scope of these transformations and their applications in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Xiang Wang
- MOE Key
Laboratory of Bioorganic
Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
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Gładkowski W, Skrobiszewski A, Mazur M, Siepka M, Białońska A. Convenient Chemoenzymatic Route to Optically Active β-Aryl-δ-iodo-γ-lactones and β-Aryl-γ-iodo-δ-lactones with the Defined Configurations of Stereogenic Centers. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201403343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Chen P, Gao M, Wang DX, Zhao L, Wang MX. Enantioselective Biotransformations of Racemic and Meso Pyrrolidine-2,5-dicarboxamides and Their Application in Organic Synthesis. J Org Chem 2012; 77:4063-72. [DOI: 10.1021/jo300412j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular
Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function,
Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ming Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular
Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function,
Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - De-Xian Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular
Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function,
Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- MOST Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Mei-Xiang Wang
- MOST Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Microbial whole cell-catalyzed desymmetrization of prochiral malonamides: practical synthesis of enantioenriched functionalized carbamoylacetates and their application in the preparation of unusual α-amino acids. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.05.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Asymmetric nitrile-hydration with bifunctional ruthenium catalysts bearing chiral N-sulfonyldiamine ligands. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2010.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Dumbris SM, Díaz DJ, McElwee-White L. Preparation of hydantoins by catalytic oxidative carbonylation of alpha-amino amides. J Org Chem 2010; 74:8862-5. [PMID: 19863059 DOI: 10.1021/jo9016138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hydantoins can be synthesized from the corresponding amino amides employing oxidative catalytic carbonylation using W(CO)(6) as the catalyst, I(2) as the oxidant, CO as the carbonyl source, and DBU as base. Secondary amides afford the hydantoins in good to excellent yields, which decrease as the steric bulk of the N-alkyl substituent increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth M Dumbris
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Catalysis, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, USA
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Othman M, M. Rammah M, Ciamala K, Knorr M, Strohmann C, B. Rammah M. A Convenient Synthesis of Novel Spiroisoindole γ-Halobutyrolactones via Halocyclization of γ-Ethylenic Acids. HETEROCYCLES 2009. [DOI: 10.3987/com-09-11787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Ma DY, Wang DX, Pan J, Huang ZT, Wang MX. Nitrile Biotransformations for the Synthesis of Highly Enantioenriched β-Hydroxy and β-Amino Acid and Amide Derivatives: A General and Simple but Powerful and Efficient Benzyl Protection Strategy To Increase Enantioselectivity of the Amidase. J Org Chem 2008; 73:4087-91. [DOI: 10.1021/jo800074k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Da-You Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - De-Xian Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Jie Pan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Zhi-Tang Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Mei-Xiang Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
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Ma DY, Wang DX, Pan J, Huang ZT, Wang MX. Nitrile biotransformations for the synthesis of enantiomerically enriched β2-, and β3-hydroxy and -alkoxy acids and amides, a dramatic O-substituent effect of the substrates on enantioselectivity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2008.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Liu J, Wang DX, Zheng QY, Wang MX. Biocatalytic Synthesis of Highly Enantiopure 1,4-Benzodioxane-2-carboxylic Acid and Amide. CHINESE J CHEM 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.200690312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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15
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Chemoenzymatic synthesis of enantiopure geminally dimethylated cyclopropane-based C2- and pseudo-C2-symmetric diamines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2006.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Nitrile biotransformations for the practical synthesis of highly enantiopure azido carboxylic acids and amides, ‘click’ to functionalized chiral triazoles and chiral β-amino acids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2006.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Immobilization of Rhodococcus sp. AJ270 in alginate capsules and its application in enantioselective biotransformation of trans-2-methyl-3-phenyl-oxiranecarbonitrile and amide. Enzyme Microb Technol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2005.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Wang MX, Liu J, Wang DX, Zheng QY. Synthesis of optically active α-methylamino acids and amides through biocatalytic kinetic resolution of amides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2005.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Doran JP, Duggan P, Masterson M, Turner PD, O'Reilly C. Expression and purification of a recombinant enantioselective amidase. Protein Expr Purif 2005; 40:190-6. [PMID: 15721788 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2004.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2004] [Revised: 12/19/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Microbacterium sp. AJ115 metabolises a wide range of nitriles using the two-step nitrile hydratase/amidase pathway. In this study, the amidase gene of Microbacterium sp. AJ115 has been inserted into the pCal-n-EK expression vector and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)pLysS. The expressed protein is active in E. coli and expression of the amidase gene allows E. coli to grow on acetamide as sole carbon and/or nitrogen source. Expression of active amidase in E. coli was temperature dependent with high activity found when cultures were grown between 20 and 30 degrees C but no activity at 37 degrees C. On induction, the amidase represents 28% of the total soluble protein in E. coli. The expressed amidase has been purified in a single step from the crude lysate using the calmodulin-binding peptide (CBP) affinity tag. The V(max) and K(m) of the purified enzyme with acetamide (50 mM) were 4.4 micromol/min/mg protein and 4.5mM, respectively. The temperature optimum was found to be 50 degrees C. Purified enzyme demonstrated enantioselectivity with the ability to preferentially act on the S enantiomer of racemic (R,S)-2-phenylpropionamide. S-2-phenylpropionic acid is produced with an enantiomeric excess of >82% at 50% conversion of the parent amide.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Doran
- Department of Chemical and Life Sciences, Waterford Institute of Technology, Cork Road, Waterford, Ireland
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Jacobo SH, Adiyaman M, Chang CT, Kang NI, Powell WS, Rokach J. An efficient preparation of stereospecific β-hydroxy nitriles. Tetrahedron Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2004.10.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Control of the nitrile-hydrolyzing enzyme activity in Rhodococcus rhodochrous IFO 15564: preferential action of nitrile hydratase and amidase depending on the reaction condition factors and its application to the one-pot preparation of amides from aldehydes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2003.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Preparation of N-unsubstituted β-ketoamides by Rhodococcus rhodochrous-catalysed hydration of β-ketonitriles. Tetrahedron 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2003.10.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Wang MX, Lin SJ, Liu CS, Zheng QY, Li JS. Nitrile biotransformations for highly efficient and enantioselective syntheses of electrophilic oxiranecarboxamides. J Org Chem 2003; 68:4570-3. [PMID: 12762774 DOI: 10.1021/jo0267201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Catalyzed by a nitrile hydratase/amidase-containing microbial Rhodococcus sp. AJ270 whole-cell catalyst, a number of racemic trans-2,3-epoxy-3-arylpropanenitriles 1 underwent rapid and efficient hydrolysis under very mild conditions to afford 2R,3S-2-arylglycidamides 2 in excellent yield with enantiomeric excess higher than 99.5%. The overall enantioselectivity of the biotransformations originated from the combined effects of a dominantly high 2S-enantioselective amidase and low 2S-enantioselective nitrile hydratase involved in the cell. The influence of the substrates on both reaction efficiency and enantioselectivity was also discussed in terms of steric and electronic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Xiang Wang
- Laboratory for Chemical Biology, Center for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China.
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