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Dancis A, Pandey AK, Pain D. Mitochondria function in cytoplasmic FeS protein biogenesis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119733. [PMID: 38641180 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2024.119733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Iron‑sulfur (FeS) clusters are cofactors of numerous proteins involved in essential cellular functions including respiration, protein translation, DNA synthesis and repair, ribosome maturation, anti-viral responses, and isopropylmalate isomerase activity. Novel FeS proteins are still being discovered due to the widespread use of cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) and elegant genetic screens targeted at protein discovery. A complex sequence of biochemical reactions mediated by a conserved machinery controls biosynthesis of FeS clusters. In eukaryotes, a remarkable epistasis has been observed: the mitochondrial machinery, termed ISC (Iron-Sulfur Cluster), lies upstream of the cytoplasmic machinery, termed CIA (Cytoplasmic Iron‑sulfur protein Assembly). The basis for this arrangement is the production of a hitherto uncharacterized intermediate, termed X-S or (Fe-S)int, produced in mitochondria by the ISC machinery, exported by the mitochondrial ABC transporter Atm1 (ABCB7 in humans), and then utilized by the CIA machinery for the cytoplasmic/nuclear FeS cluster assembly. Genetic and biochemical findings supporting this sequence of events are herein presented. New structural views of the Atm1 transport phases are reviewed. The key compartmental roles of glutathione in cellular FeS cluster biogenesis are highlighted. Finally, data are presented showing that every one of the ten core components of the mitochondrial ISC machinery and Atm1, when mutated or depleted, displays similar phenotypes: mitochondrial and cytoplasmic FeS clusters are both rendered deficient, consistent with the epistasis noted above.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Dancis
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103, USA.
| | - Ashutosh K Pandey
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Debkumar Pain
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
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2
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Braymer JJ, Stehling O, Stümpfig M, Rösser R, Spantgar F, Blinn CM, Mühlenhoff U, Pierik AJ, Lill R. Requirements for the biogenesis of [2Fe-2S] proteins in the human and yeast cytosol. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2400740121. [PMID: 38743629 PMCID: PMC11126956 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2400740121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The biogenesis of iron-sulfur (Fe/S) proteins entails the synthesis and trafficking of Fe/S clusters, followed by their insertion into target apoproteins. In eukaryotes, the multiple steps of biogenesis are accomplished by complex protein machineries in both mitochondria and cytosol. The underlying biochemical pathways have been elucidated over the past decades, yet the mechanisms of cytosolic [2Fe-2S] protein assembly have remained ill-defined. Similarly, the precise site of glutathione (GSH) requirement in cytosolic and nuclear Fe/S protein biogenesis is unclear, as is the molecular role of the GSH-dependent cytosolic monothiol glutaredoxins (cGrxs). Here, we investigated these questions in human and yeast cells by various in vivo approaches. [2Fe-2S] cluster assembly of cytosolic target apoproteins required the mitochondrial ISC machinery, the mitochondrial transporter Atm1/ABCB7 and GSH, yet occurred independently of both the CIA system and cGrxs. This mechanism was strikingly different from the ISC-, Atm1/ABCB7-, GSH-, and CIA-dependent assembly of cytosolic-nuclear [4Fe-4S] proteins. One notable exception to this cytosolic [2Fe-2S] protein maturation pathway defined here was yeast Apd1 which used the CIA system via binding to the CIA targeting complex through its C-terminal tryptophan. cGrxs, although attributed as [2Fe-2S] cluster chaperones or trafficking proteins, were not essential in vivo for delivering [2Fe-2S] clusters to either CIA components or target apoproteins. Finally, the most critical GSH requirement was assigned to Atm1-dependent export, i.e. a step before GSH-dependent cGrxs function. Our findings extend the general model of eukaryotic Fe/S protein biogenesis by adding the molecular requirements for cytosolic [2Fe-2S] protein maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J. Braymer
- Institut für Zytobiologie und Zytopathologie, Fachbereich Medizin, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg35032, Germany
- Zentrum für Synthetische Mikrobiologie Synmikro, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg35032, Germany
| | - Oliver Stehling
- Institut für Zytobiologie und Zytopathologie, Fachbereich Medizin, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg35032, Germany
- Zentrum für Synthetische Mikrobiologie Synmikro, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg35032, Germany
| | - Martin Stümpfig
- Institut für Zytobiologie und Zytopathologie, Fachbereich Medizin, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg35032, Germany
- Zentrum für Synthetische Mikrobiologie Synmikro, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg35032, Germany
| | - Ralf Rösser
- Institut für Zytobiologie und Zytopathologie, Fachbereich Medizin, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg35032, Germany
- Zentrum für Synthetische Mikrobiologie Synmikro, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg35032, Germany
| | - Farah Spantgar
- Institut für Zytobiologie und Zytopathologie, Fachbereich Medizin, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg35032, Germany
- Zentrum für Synthetische Mikrobiologie Synmikro, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg35032, Germany
| | - Catharina M. Blinn
- Department of Chemistry, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern-Landau, Kaiserslautern67663, Germany
| | - Ulrich Mühlenhoff
- Institut für Zytobiologie und Zytopathologie, Fachbereich Medizin, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg35032, Germany
- Zentrum für Synthetische Mikrobiologie Synmikro, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg35032, Germany
| | - Antonio J. Pierik
- Department of Chemistry, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern-Landau, Kaiserslautern67663, Germany
| | - Roland Lill
- Institut für Zytobiologie und Zytopathologie, Fachbereich Medizin, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg35032, Germany
- Zentrum für Synthetische Mikrobiologie Synmikro, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg35032, Germany
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Pan S, Hale AT, Lemieux ME, Raval DK, Garton TP, Sadler B, Mahaney KB, Strahle JM. Iron homeostasis and post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus: a review. Front Neurol 2024; 14:1287559. [PMID: 38283681 PMCID: PMC10811254 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1287559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Iron physiology is regulated by a complex interplay of extracellular transport systems, coordinated transcriptional responses, and iron efflux mechanisms. Dysregulation of iron metabolism can result in defects in myelination, neurotransmitter synthesis, and neuronal maturation. In neonates, germinal matrix-intraventricular hemorrhage (GMH-IVH) causes iron overload as a result of blood breakdown in the ventricles and brain parenchyma which can lead to post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH). However, the precise mechanisms by which GMH-IVH results in PHH remain elusive. Understanding the molecular determinants of iron homeostasis in the developing brain may lead to improved therapies. This manuscript reviews the various roles iron has in brain development, characterizes our understanding of iron transport in the developing brain, and describes potential mechanisms by which iron overload may cause PHH and brain injury. We also review novel preclinical treatments for IVH that specifically target iron. Understanding iron handling within the brain and central nervous system may provide a basis for preventative, targeted treatments for iron-mediated pathogenesis of GMH-IVH and PHH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelei Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Andrew T. Hale
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Mackenzie E. Lemieux
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Dhvanii K. Raval
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Thomas P. Garton
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Brooke Sadler
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Kelly B. Mahaney
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Jennifer M. Strahle
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
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Hasegawa N, Takahashi Y, Itai T. Tissue-variation of iron stable isotopes in marine fish coupled with speciation analysis using X-ray absorption fine structure. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 881:163449. [PMID: 37061065 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The Fe stable isotope ratio (δ56Fe) in tissues is a potential parameter for examining the Fe metabolism in marine fish. Although the effect of ferritin storage has been proposed as a possible cause of heavy isotope (56Fe) enrichment in the liver, no speciation and stable isotope ratio coupling data are available. Here, we report the δ56Fe values measured by multicollector ICP-MS and the result of Fe K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) analysis of multiple tissues obtained from a skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) and a chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus). Apparent isotopic fractionation between the liver and the muscle samples (Δ56FeL-M = δ56Feliver - δ56Femuscle) from these species was observed (0.85 ‰ and 0.57 ‰, respectively). The dominant Fe species in the muscle was heme Fe (the sum of methemoglobin, oxyhemoglobin, and deoxyhemoglobin), while ferritin was not detected according to the linear combination fitting of the XANES spectra. In the liver, ferritin contribution was ca. 28 %-54 % of the total Fe content. The apparent difference in δ56Fe between heme Fe and ferritin was estimated to range from 1.41 ‰ to 1.52 ‰ based on the tissue-specific δ56Fe values and the XANES results. These results indicate that the Fe storage as ferritin does not induce the lowering of δ56Fe in the muscle, considering the low contribution of the liver Fe to the total Fe content in the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanako Hasegawa
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Yoshio Takahashi
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takaaki Itai
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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Bu XL, Zhao WS, Li WX, Zou H, Wu SG, Li M, Wang GT. Mitochondrial metabolism of the facultative parasite Chilodonella uncinata (Alveolata, Ciliophora). Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:92. [PMID: 36882771 PMCID: PMC9993649 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05695-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chilodonella uncinata is an aerobic ciliate capable of switching between being free-living and parasitic on fish fins and gills, causing tissue damage and host mortality. It is widely used as a model organism for genetic studies, but its mitochondrial metabolism has never been studied. Therefore, we aimed to describe the morphological features and metabolic characteristics of its mitochondria. METHODS Fluorescence staining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to observe the morphology of mitochondria. Single-cell transcriptome data of C. uncinata were annotated by the Clusters of Orthologous Genes (COG) database. Meanwhile, the metabolic pathways were constructed based on the transcriptomes. The phylogenetic analysis was also made based on the sequenced cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COX1) gene. RESULTS Mitochondria were stained red using Mito-tracker Red staining and were stained slightly blue by DAPI dye. The cristae and double membrane structures of the mitochondria were observed by TEM. Besides, many lipid droplets were evenly distributed around the macronucleus. A total of 2594 unigenes were assigned to 23 functional classifications of COG. Mitochondrial metabolic pathways were depicted. The mitochondria contained enzymes for the complete tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, fatty acid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and cytochrome-based electron transport chain (ETC), but only partial enzymes involved in the iron-sulfur clusters (ISCs). CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that C. uncinata possess typical mitochondria. Stored lipid droplets inside mitochondria may be the energy storage of C. uncinata that helps its transmission from a free-living to a parasitic lifestyle. These findings also have improved our knowledge of the mitochondrial metabolism of C. uncinata and increased the volume of molecular data for future studies of this facultative parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia-lian Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072 Hubei The People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 The People’s Republic of China
- Protist 10,000 Genomics Project (P10K) Consortium, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072 Hubei The People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei-shan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072 Hubei The People’s Republic of China
- Protist 10,000 Genomics Project (P10K) Consortium, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072 Hubei The People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen-xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072 Hubei The People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072 Hubei The People’s Republic of China
| | - Shan-gong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072 Hubei The People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072 Hubei The People’s Republic of China
- Protist 10,000 Genomics Project (P10K) Consortium, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072 Hubei The People’s Republic of China
| | - Gui-tang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072 Hubei The People’s Republic of China
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Parmagnani AS, D'Alessandro S, Maffei ME. Iron-sulfur complex assembly: Potential players of magnetic induction in plants. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 325:111483. [PMID: 36183809 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters are involved in fundamental biological reactions and represent a highly regulated process involving a complex sequence of mitochondrial, cytosolic and nuclear-catalyzed protein-protein interactions. Iron-sulfur complex assembly (ISCA) scaffold proteins are involved in Fe-S cluster biosynthesis, nitrogen and sulfur metabolism. ISCA proteins are involved in abiotic stress responses and in the pigeon they act as a magnetic sensor by forming a magnetosensor (MagS) complex with cryptochrome (Cry). MagR gene exists in the genomes of humans, plants, and microorganisms and the interaction between Cry and MagR is highly conserved. Owing to the extensive presence of ISCA proteins in plants and the occurrence of homology between animal and human MagR with at least four Arabidopsis ISCAs and several ISCAs from different plant species, we believe that a mechanism similar to pigeon magnetoperception might be present in plants. We suggest that plant ISCA proteins, homologous of the animal MagR, are good candidates and could contribute to a better understanding of plant magnetic induction. We thus urge more studies in this regard to fully uncover the plant molecular mechanisms underlying MagR/Cry mediated magnetic induction and the possible coupling between light and magnetic induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambra S Parmagnani
- Dept. Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Quarello 15/a, 10135 Turin, Italy
| | - Stefano D'Alessandro
- Dept. Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Quarello 15/a, 10135 Turin, Italy
| | - Massimo E Maffei
- Dept. Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Quarello 15/a, 10135 Turin, Italy.
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Santos HJ, Nozaki T. The mitosome of the anaerobic parasitic protist Entamoeba histolytica: A peculiar and minimalist mitochondrion-related organelle. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2022; 69:e12923. [PMID: 35588086 PMCID: PMC9796589 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The simplest class of mitochondrion-related organelles (MROs) is the mitosome, an organelle present in a few anaerobic protozoan parasites such as Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia intestinalis, and Cryptosporidium parvum. E. histolytica causes amoebiasis in humans, deemed as one of the important, yet neglected tropical infections in the world. Much of the enigma of the E. histolytica mitosome circles around the obvious lack of a majority of known mitochondrial components and functions exhibited in other organisms. The identification of enzymes responsible for sulfate activation (AS, IPP, and APSK) and a number of lineage-specific proteins such as the outer membrane beta-barrel protein (MBOMP30), and transmembrane domain-containing proteins that bind to various organellar proteins (ETMP1, ETMP30, EHI_170120, and EHI_099350) showcased the remarkable divergence of this organelle compared to the other MROs of anaerobic protozoa. Here, we summarize the findings regarding the biology of the mitosomes in E. histolytica, from their discovery up to the present understanding of its roles and interactions. We also include current advances and future perspectives on the biology, biochemistry, and evolution of the mitosomes of E. histolytica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert J. Santos
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Tomoyoshi Nozaki
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
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Tachezy J, Makki A, Hrdý I. The hydrogenosomes of Trichomonas vaginalis. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2022; 69:e12922. [PMID: 35567536 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This review is dedicated to the 50th anniversary of the discovery of hydrogenosomes by Miklós Müller and Donald Lindmark, which we will celebrate the following year. It was a long journey from the first observation of enigmatic rows of granules in trichomonads at the end of the 19th century to their first biochemical characterization in 1973. The key experiments by Müller and Lindmark revealed that the isolated granules contain hydrogen-producing hydrogenase, similar to some anaerobic bacteria-a discovery that gave birth to the field of hydrogenosomes. It is also important to acknowledge the parallel work of the team of Apolena Čerkasovová, Jiří Čerkasov, and Jaroslav Kulda, who demonstrated that these granules, similar to mitochondria, produce ATP. However, the evolutionary origin of hydrogenosomes remained enigmatic until the turn of the millennium, when it was finally accepted that hydrogenosomes and mitochondria evolved from a common ancestor. After a historical introduction, the review provides an overview of hydrogenosome biogenesis, hydrogenosomal protein import, and the relationship between the peculiar structure of membrane translocases and its low inner membrane potential due to the lack of respiratory complexes. Next, it summarizes the current state of knowledge on energy metabolism, the oxygen defense system, and iron/sulfur cluster assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Tachezy
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Průmyslová 595, 25242 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Abhijith Makki
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Průmyslová 595, 25242 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Hrdý
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Průmyslová 595, 25242 Vestec, Czech Republic
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Faheem A, Cinti S. Non-invasive electrochemistry-driven metals tracing in human biofluids. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 200:113904. [PMID: 34959184 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Wearable analytical devices represent the future for fast, de-centralized, and human-centered health monitoring. Electrochemistry-based platforms have been highlighted as the role model for future developments amid diverse strategies and transduction technologies. Among the various relevant analytes to be real-time and non-invasively monitored in bodily fluids, we review the latest wearable achievements towards determining essential and toxic metals. On-skin measurements represent an excellent possibility for humankind: real-time monitoring, digital/fast communication with specialists, quick interventions, removing barriers in developing countries. In this review, we discuss the achievements over the last 5 years in non-invasive electrochemical platforms, providing a comprehensive table for quick visualizing the diverse sensing/technological advances. In the final section, challenges and future perspectives about wearables are deeply discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aroosha Faheem
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefano Cinti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy; BAT Center-Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, University of Napoli "Federico II", 80055, Naples, Italy.
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Song H, Lin B, Huang Q, Sun L, Chen J, Hu L, Zhuo K, Liao J. The Meloidogyne graminicola effector MgMO289 targets a novel copper metallochaperone to suppress immunity in rice. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:5638-5655. [PMID: 33974693 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have reported that plant-parasitic nematodes facilitate their infection by suppressing plant immunity via effectors, but the inhibitory mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study found that a novel effector MgMO289 is exclusively expressed in the dorsal esophageal gland of Meloidogyne graminicola and is up-regulated at parasitic third-/fourth-stage juveniles. In planta silencing of MgMO289 substantially increased plant resistance to M. graminicola. Moreover, we found that MgMO289 interacts with a new rice copper metallochaperone heavy metal-associated plant protein 04 (OsHPP04), and that rice cytosolic COPPER/ZINC -SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE 2 (cCu/Zn-SOD2) is the target of OsHPP04. Rice plants overexpressing OsHPP04 or MgMO289 exhibited an increased susceptibility to M. graminicola and a higher Cu/Zn-SOD activity, but lower O2•- content, when compared with wild-type plants. Meanwhile, immune response assays showed that MgMO289 could suppress host innate immunity. These findings reveal a novel pathway for a plant pathogen effector that utilizes the host O2•--scavenging system to eliminate O2•- and suppress plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Handa Song
- Laboratory of Plant Nematology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Borong Lin
- Laboratory of Plant Nematology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuling Huang
- Laboratory of Plant Nematology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Longhua Sun
- Laboratory of Plant Nematology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiansong Chen
- Laboratory of Plant Nematology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lili Hu
- Laboratory of Plant Nematology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kan Zhuo
- Laboratory of Plant Nematology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinling Liao
- Laboratory of Plant Nematology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Eco-Engineering Polytechnic, Guangzhou, China
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11
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Methods to Investigate the Kinetic Profile of Cysteine Desulfurases. Methods Mol Biol 2021. [PMID: 34292550 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1605-5_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Biological iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters are essential protein prosthetic groups that promote a range of biochemical reactions. In vivo, these clusters are synthesized by specialized protein machineries involved in sulfur mobilization, cluster assembly, and cluster transfer to their target proteins. Cysteine desulfurases initiate the first step of sulfur activation and mobilization in cluster biosynthetic pathways. The reaction catalyzed by these enzymes involves the abstraction of sulfur from the amino acid L-cysteine, with concomitant formation of alanine. The presence and availability of a sulfur acceptor modulate the sulfurtransferase activity of this class of enzymes by altering their reaction profile and catalytic turnover rate. Herein, we describe two methods used to probe the reaction profile of cysteine desulfurases through quantification of alanine and sulfide production in these reactions.
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Lill R. From the discovery to molecular understanding of cellular iron-sulfur protein biogenesis. Biol Chem 2021; 401:855-876. [PMID: 32229650 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2020-0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Protein cofactors often are the business ends of proteins, and are either synthesized inside cells or are taken up from the nutrition. A cofactor that strictly needs to be synthesized by cells is the iron-sulfur (Fe/S) cluster. This evolutionary ancient compound performs numerous biochemical functions including electron transfer, catalysis, sulfur mobilization, regulation and protein stabilization. Since the discovery of eukaryotic Fe/S protein biogenesis two decades ago, more than 30 biogenesis factors have been identified in mitochondria and cytosol. They support the synthesis, trafficking and target-specific insertion of Fe/S clusters. In this review, I first summarize what led to the initial discovery of Fe/S protein biogenesis in yeast. I then discuss the function and localization of Fe/S proteins in (non-green) eukaryotes. The major part of the review provides a detailed synopsis of the three major steps of mitochondrial Fe/S protein biogenesis, i.e. the de novo synthesis of a [2Fe-2S] cluster on a scaffold protein, the Hsp70 chaperone-mediated transfer of the cluster and integration into [2Fe-2S] recipient apoproteins, and the reductive fusion of [2Fe-2S] to [4Fe-4S] clusters and their subsequent assembly into target apoproteins. Finally, I summarize the current knowledge of the mechanisms underlying the maturation of cytosolic and nuclear Fe/S proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Lill
- Institut für Zytobiologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 6, D-35032 Marburg, Germany.,SYNMIKRO Center for Synthetic Microbiology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str., D-35043 Marburg, Germany
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13
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Braymer JJ, Freibert SA, Rakwalska-Bange M, Lill R. Mechanistic concepts of iron-sulfur protein biogenesis in Biology. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1868:118863. [PMID: 33007329 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Iron-sulfur (Fe/S) proteins are present in virtually all living organisms and are involved in numerous cellular processes such as respiration, photosynthesis, metabolic reactions, nitrogen fixation, radical biochemistry, protein synthesis, antiviral defense, and genome maintenance. Their versatile functions may go back to the proposed role of their Fe/S cofactors in the origin of life as efficient catalysts and electron carriers. More than two decades ago, it was discovered that the in vivo synthesis of cellular Fe/S clusters and their integration into polypeptide chains requires assistance by complex proteinaceous machineries, despite the fact that Fe/S proteins can be assembled chemically in vitro. In prokaryotes, three Fe/S protein biogenesis systems are known; ISC, SUF, and the more specialized NIF. The former two systems have been transferred by endosymbiosis from bacteria to mitochondria and plastids, respectively, of eukaryotes. In their cytosol, eukaryotes use the CIA machinery for the biogenesis of cytosolic and nuclear Fe/S proteins. Despite the structural diversity of the protein constituents of these four machineries, general mechanistic concepts underlie the complex process of Fe/S protein biogenesis. This review provides a comprehensive and comparative overview of the various known biogenesis systems in Biology, and summarizes their common or diverging molecular mechanisms, thereby illustrating both the conservation and diverse adaptions of these four machineries during evolution and under different lifestyles. Knowledge of these fundamental biochemical pathways is not only of basic scientific interest, but is important for the understanding of human 'Fe/S diseases' and can be used in biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J Braymer
- Institut für Zytobiologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Sven A Freibert
- Institut für Zytobiologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Roland Lill
- Institut für Zytobiologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany; SYNMIKRO Center for Synthetic Microbiology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse, 35043 Marburg, Germany.
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14
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Glia maturation factor-γ regulates murine macrophage iron metabolism and M2 polarization through mitochondrial ROS. Blood Adv 2020; 3:1211-1225. [PMID: 30971398 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2018026070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In macrophages, cellular iron metabolism status is tightly integrated with macrophage phenotype and associated with mitochondrial function. However, how molecular events regulate mitochondrial activity to integrate regulation of iron metabolism and macrophage phenotype remains unclear. Here, we explored the important role of the actin-regulatory protein glia maturation factor-γ (GMFG) in the regulation of cellular iron metabolism and macrophage phenotype. We found that GMFG was downregulated in murine macrophages by exposure to iron and hydrogen peroxide. GMFG knockdown altered the expression of iron metabolism proteins and increased iron levels in murine macrophages and concomitantly promoted their polarization toward an anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype. GMFG-knockdown macrophages exhibited moderately increased levels of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS), which were accompanied by decreased expression of some mitochondrial respiration chain components, including the iron-sulfur cluster assembly scaffold protein ISCU as well as the antioxidant enzymes SOD1 and SOD2. Importantly, treatment of GMFG-knockdown macrophages with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine reversed the altered expression of iron metabolism proteins and significantly inhibited the enhanced gene expression of M2 macrophage markers, suggesting that mtROS is mechanistically linked to cellular iron metabolism and macrophage phenotype. Finally, GMFG interacted with the mitochondrial membrane ATPase ATAD3A, suggesting that GMFG knockdown-induced mtROS production might be attributed to alteration of mitochondrial function in macrophages. Our findings suggest that GMFG is an important regulator in cellular iron metabolism and macrophage phenotype and could be a novel therapeutic target for modulating macrophage function in immune and metabolic disorders.
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15
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Mir DA, Balamurugan K. Modulation of the host cell mitochondrial proteome by PemKSa toxin protein exposure. Microb Pathog 2020; 140:103963. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.103963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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16
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Lu HM, Li JD, Zhang YD, Lu XL, Xu C, Huang Y, Gribskov M. The Evolution History of Fe-S Cluster A-Type Assembly Protein Reveals Multiple Gene Duplication Events and Essential Protein Motifs. Genome Biol Evol 2020; 12:160-173. [PMID: 32108236 PMCID: PMC7144353 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evaa038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters play important roles in electron transfer, metabolic and biosynthetic reactions, and the regulation of gene expression. Understanding the biogenesis of Fe-S clusters is therefore relevant to many fields. In the complex process of Fe-S protein formation, the A-type assembly protein (ATAP) family, which consists of several subfamilies, plays an essential role in Fe-S cluster formation and transfer and is highly conserved across the tree of life. However, the taxonomic distribution, motif compositions, and the evolutionary history of the ATAP subfamilies are not well understood. To address these problems, our study investigated the taxonomic distribution of 321 species from a broad cross-section of taxa. Then, we identified common and specific motifs in multiple ATAP subfamilies to explain the functional conservation and nonredundancy of the ATAPs, and a novel, essential motif was found in Eumetazoa IscA1, which has a newly found magnetic function. Finally, we used phylogenetic analytical methods to reconstruct the evolution history of this family. Our results show that two types of ErpA proteins (nonproteobacteria-type ErpA1 and proteobacteria-type ErpA2) exist in bacteria. The ATAP family, consisting of seven subfamilies, can be further classified into two types of ATAPs. Type-I ATAPs include IscA, SufA, HesB, ErpA1, and IscA1, with an ErpA1-like gene as their last common ancestor, whereas type-II ATAPs consist of ErpA2 and IscA2, duplicated from an ErpA2-like gene. During the mitochondrial endosymbiosis, IscA became IscA1 in eukaryotes and ErpA2 became IscA2 in eukaryotes, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Meng Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Jing-Di Li
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Yu-Dan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Xiao-Li Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Chang Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Yuan Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Michael Gribskov
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University
- Department of Computer Science, Purdue University
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Feng JM, Jiang CQ, Sun ZY, Hua CJ, Wen JF, Miao W, Xiong J. Single-cell transcriptome sequencing of rumen ciliates provides insight into their molecular adaptations to the anaerobic and carbohydrate-rich rumen microenvironment. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2019; 143:106687. [PMID: 31740334 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Rumen ciliates are a specialized group of ciliates exclusively found in the anaerobic, carbohydrate-rich rumen microenvironment. However, the molecular and mechanistic basis of the physiological and behavioral adaptation of ciliates to the rumen microenvironment is undefined. We used single-cell transcriptome sequencing to explore the adaptive evolution of three rumen ciliates: two entodiniomorphids, Entodinium furca and Diplodinium dentatum; and one vestibuliferid, Isotricha intestinalis. We found that all three species are members of monophyletic orders within the class Litostomatea, with E. furca and D. dentatum in Entodiniomorphida and I. intestinalis in Vestibuliferida. The two entodiniomorphids might use H2-producing mitochondria and the vestibuliferid might use anaerobic mitochondria to survive under strictly anaerobic conditions. Moreover, carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZyme) genes were identified in all three species, including cellulases, hemicellulases, and pectinases. The evidence that all three species have acquired prokaryote-derived genes by horizontal gene transfer (HGT) to digest plant biomass includes a significant enrichment of gene ontology categories such as cell wall macromolecule catabolic process and carbohydrate catabolic process and the identification of genes in common between CAZyme and HGT groups. These findings suggest that HGT might be an important mechanism in the adaptive evolution of ciliates to the rumen microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Mei Feng
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Chuan-Qi Jiang
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518120, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen 518120, China; Shenzhen Dapeng New District Science and Technology Innovation Service Center, Shenzhen 518119, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zong-Yi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Cong-Jie Hua
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Jian-Fan Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Wei Miao
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology of China, Wuhan 430072, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Kunming 650223, China.
| | - Jie Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
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18
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Moosavi B, Berry EA, Zhu XL, Yang WC, Yang GF. The assembly of succinate dehydrogenase: a key enzyme in bioenergetics. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:4023-4042. [PMID: 31236625 PMCID: PMC11105593 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03200-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) also known as complex II or succinate:quinone oxidoreductase is an enzyme involved in both oxidative phosphorylation and tricarboxylic acid cycle; the processes that generate energy. SDH is a multi-subunit enzyme which requires a series of proteins for its proper assembly at several steps. This enzyme has medical significance as there is a broad range of human diseases from cancers to neurodegeneration related to SDH malfunction. Some of these disorders have recently been linked to defective assembly factors, reinvigorating further research in this area. Apart from that this enzyme has agricultural importance as many fungicides have been/will be designed targeting specifically this enzyme in plant fungal pathogens. In addition, we speculate it might be possible to design novel fungicides specifically targeting fungal assembly factors. Considering the medical and agricultural implications of SDH, the aim of this review is an overview of the SDH assembly factors and critical analysis of controversial issues around them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behrooz Moosavi
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Edward A Berry
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Xiao-Lei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Chao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Fu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Santos HJ, Hanadate Y, Imai K, Nozaki T. An Entamoeba-Specific Mitosomal Membrane Protein with Potential Association to the Golgi Apparatus. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10050367. [PMID: 31086122 PMCID: PMC6563013 DOI: 10.3390/genes10050367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aerobic mitochondrion had undergone evolutionary diversification, most notable among lineages of anaerobic protists. Entamoeba is one of the genera of parasitic protozoans that lack canonical mitochondria, and instead possess mitochondrion-related organelles (MROs), specifically mitosomes. Entamoeba mitosomes exhibit functional reduction and divergence, most exemplified by the organelle’s inability to produce ATP and synthesize iron-sulfur cluster. Instead, this organelle is capable of sulfate activation, which has been linked to amoebic stage conversion. In order to understand other unique features and components of this MRO, we utilized an in silico prediction tool to screen transmembrane domain containing proteins in the mitosome proteome. Here, we characterize a novel lineage-specific mitosomal membrane protein, named Entamoeba transmembrane mitosomal protein of 30 kDa (ETMP30; EHI_172170), predicted to contain five transmembrane domains. Immunofluorescence analysis demonstrated colocalization of hemagglutinin (HA)-tagged ETMP30 with the mitosomal marker, adenosine-5’-phosphosulfate kinase. Mitosomal membrane localization was indicated by immunoelectron microscopy analysis, which was supported by carbonate fractionation assay. Transcriptional gene silencing successfully repressed RNA expression by 60%, and led to a defect in growth and partial elongation of mitosomes. Immunoprecipitation of ETMP30 from ETMP30-HA-expressing transformant using anti-HA antibody pulled down one interacting protein of 126 kDa. Protein sequencing by mass spectrometry revealed this protein as a cation-transporting P-type ATPase, previously reported to localize to vacuolar compartments/Golgi-like structures, hinting at a possible mitosome-vacuole/Golgi contact site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert J Santos
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan.
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan.
| | - Yuki Hanadate
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan.
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan.
| | - Kenichiro Imai
- Molecular Profiling Research Center for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2-4-7 Aomi, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan.
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2-4-7 Aomi, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan.
| | - Tomoyoshi Nozaki
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan.
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan.
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20
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Mir DA, Balamurugan K. A proteomic analysis of Caenorhabditis elegans mitochondria during bacterial infection. Mitochondrion 2019; 48:37-50. [PMID: 30926536 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are involved in a variety of cellular metabolic processes and their functions are regulated by intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli. Recent studies have revealed functional diversity and importance of mitochondria in many cellular processes, including the innate immune response. This study evaluated the specific response and proteomic changes in host Caenorhabditis elegans mitochondria during Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 infection. We performed an inclusive approach to determine the C. elegans mitochondria proteome. The protein fractions of mitochondria were analysed by tandem LC-MS/MS, 129 differentially regulated proteins were identified, indicating an involvement of various mitochondrial processes. The several known components of the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) machinery, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) and stable mitochondria-encoded proteins were found to be differentially expressed. Our results in-depth provide new horizons for mitochondria-associated protein functions and the classification of mitochondrial diseases during host-pathogen interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilawar Ahmad Mir
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu 630003, India
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21
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Faso C, Hehl AB. A cytonaut's guide to protein trafficking in Giardia lamblia. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2019; 106:105-127. [PMID: 31630756 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Over the past years, the subcellular organization of the Excavata member Giardia lamblia (syn. duodenalis, intestinalis) has been investigated in considerable detail. There are several reasons for this endeavour which go beyond this parasite's medical importance and are mostly concerned with its reduced subcellular complexity and debated evolutionary status. One may say that simplification has emerged as a paradigm for the evolution of Giardia's subcellular architecture. However, a complete appreciation of the evolutionary and ecological significance of this phenomenon is far from complete. In this chapter, we present and discuss the most recent data on the main trafficking pathways in G. lamblia which include endo- and exo-cytosis, organellar import and function. We provide perspectives on open questions concerning organelle replication and inheritance and include a technical outlook on methods and approaches to genetic manipulations in G. lamblia. A better understanding of G. lamblia subcellular organization at the morphological and molecular level complements any effort aimed at elucidating this parasitic species' evolutionary status and could provide us with the basis for novel strategies to interfere with parasite transmission and/or pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Faso
- Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Parasitology, University of Zurich (ZH), Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Adrian B Hehl
- Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Parasitology, University of Zurich (ZH), Zürich, Switzerland.
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22
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Heinemeyer T, Stemmet M, Bardien S, Neethling A. Underappreciated Roles of the Translocase of the Outer and Inner Mitochondrial Membrane Protein Complexes in Human Disease. DNA Cell Biol 2018; 38:23-40. [PMID: 30481057 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2018.4292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are critical for cellular survival, and for their proper functioning, translocation of ∼1500 proteins across the mitochondrial membranes is required. The translocase of the outer (TOMM) and inner mitochondrial membrane (TIMM) complexes are major components of this translocation machinery. Through specific processes, preproteins and other molecules are imported, translocated, and directed to specific mitochondrial compartments for their function. In this study, we review the association of subunits of these complexes with human disease. Pathogenic mutations have been identified in the TIMM8A (DDP) and DNAJC19 (TIMM14) genes and are linked to Mohr-Tranebjærg syndrome and dilated cardiomyopathy syndrome (with and without ataxia), respectively. Polymorphisms in TOMM40 have been associated with Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal lobar degeneration, Parkinson's disease with dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies, nonpathological cognitive aging, and various cardiovascular-related traits. Furthermore, reduced protein expression levels of several complex subunits have been associated with Parkinson's disease, Meniere's disease, and cardiovascular disorders. However, increased mRNA and protein levels of complex subunits are found in cancers. This review highlights the importance of the mitochondrial import machinery in human disease and stresses the need for further studies. Ultimately, this knowledge may prove to be critical for the development of therapeutic modalities for these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thea Heinemeyer
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University , Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Monique Stemmet
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University , Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Soraya Bardien
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University , Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Annika Neethling
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University , Cape Town, South Africa
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23
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Puglisi R, Pastore A. The role of chaperones in iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:4011-4019. [PMID: 30194723 PMCID: PMC6506825 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Iron–sulfur cluster biogenesis is a complex process mediated by numerous proteins among which two from bacteria chaperones, called HscB and HscA in bacteria. They are highly conserved up to eukaryotes and homologous to DnaJ and DnaK, respectively, but with specific differences. As compared with other chaperones, HscB and HscA have escaped attention and relatively little is known about their functions. After briefly introducing the various chaperone families, we reviewed here the current structural and functional knowledge HscA and HscB and on their role in cluster formation. We critically evaluated the literature and highlighted the weak aspects which will require more attention in the future. We sincerely hope that this study will inspire new interest on this important and interesting system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Puglisi
- UK Dementia Research Institute at King's College London, London, UK.,The Wohl Institute at King's College London, London, UK
| | - Annalisa Pastore
- UK Dementia Research Institute at King's College London, London, UK.,The Wohl Institute at King's College London, London, UK.,Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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24
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Santos HJ, Makiuchi T, Nozaki T. Reinventing an Organelle: The Reduced Mitochondrion in Parasitic Protists. Trends Parasitol 2018; 34:1038-1055. [PMID: 30201278 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria originated from the endosymbiotic event commencing from the engulfment of an ancestral α-proteobacterium by the first eukaryotic ancestor. Establishment of niches has led to various adaptations among eukaryotes. In anaerobic parasitic protists, the mitochondria have undergone modifications by combining features shared from the aerobic mitochondria with lineage-specific components and mechanisms; a diversified class of organelles emerged and are generally called mitochondrion-related organelles (MROs). In this review we summarize and discuss the recent advances in the knowledge of MROs from parasitic protists, particularly the themes such as metabolic functions, contribution to parasitism, dynamics, protein targeting, and novel lineage- specific proteins, with emphasis on the diversity among these organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert J Santos
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takashi Makiuchi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Nozaki
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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25
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Bondarenko NI, Nassonova ES, Mijanovic O, Glotova AA, Kamyshatskaya OG, Kudryavtsev AA, Masharsky AE, Polev DE, Smirnov AV. Mitochondrial Genome of Vannella croatica (Amoebozoa, Discosea, Vannellida). J Eukaryot Microbiol 2018; 65:820-827. [PMID: 29655313 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial genome sequence of Vannella croatica (Amoebozoa, Discosea, Vannellida) was obtained using pulse-field gel electrophoretic isolation of the circular mitochondrial DNA, followed by the next-generation sequencing. The mitochondrial DNA of this species has the length of 28,933 bp and contains 12 protein-coding genes, two ribosomal RNAs, and 16 transfer RNAs. Vannella croatica mitochondrial genome is relatively short compared to other known amoebozoan mitochondrial genomes but is rather gene-rich and contains significant number of open reading frames.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalya I Bondarenko
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - Elena S Nassonova
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia.,Laboratory of Cytology of Unicellular Organisms, Institute of Cytology RAS, Tikhoretsky ave. 4, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - Olja Mijanovic
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - Anna A Glotova
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - Oksana G Kamyshatskaya
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - Alexander A Kudryavtsev
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia.,Laboratory of Parasitic Worms and Protistology, Zoological Institute RAS, Universitetskaya nab. 1, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - Alexey E Masharsky
- Core Facility Center "Development of Molecular and Cell Technologies", St. Petersburg State University, Botanicheskaya str. 17, Stary Peterhof, St. Petersburg, 198504, Russia
| | - Dmitrii E Polev
- Core Facility Center "Development of Molecular and Cell Technologies", St. Petersburg State University, Botanicheskaya str. 17, Stary Peterhof, St. Petersburg, 198504, Russia
| | - Alexey V Smirnov
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
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Peña-Diaz P, Lukeš J. Fe-S cluster assembly in the supergroup Excavata. J Biol Inorg Chem 2018; 23:521-541. [PMID: 29623424 PMCID: PMC6006210 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-018-1556-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The majority of established model organisms belong to the supergroup Opisthokonta, which includes yeasts and animals. While enlightening, this focus has neglected protists, organisms that represent the bulk of eukaryotic diversity and are often regarded as primitive eukaryotes. One of these is the “supergroup” Excavata, which comprises unicellular flagellates of diverse lifestyles and contains species of medical importance, such as Trichomonas, Giardia, Naegleria, Trypanosoma and Leishmania. Excavata exhibits a continuum in mitochondrial forms, ranging from classical aerobic, cristae-bearing mitochondria to mitochondria-related organelles, such as hydrogenosomes and mitosomes, to the extreme case of a complete absence of the organelle. All forms of mitochondria house a machinery for the assembly of Fe–S clusters, ancient cofactors required in various biochemical activities needed to sustain every extant cell. In this review, we survey what is known about the Fe–S cluster assembly in the supergroup Excavata. We aim to bring attention to the diversity found in this group, reflected in gene losses and gains that have shaped the Fe–S cluster biogenesis pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Peña-Diaz
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice (Budweis), Czech Republic.
| | - Julius Lukeš
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice (Budweis), Czech Republic
- Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice (Budweis), Czech Republic
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Samp EJ, Foster RT, Edelen C. Influence of Cardiolipin on Lager Beer Dimethyl Sulfide Levels: A Possible Role Involving Mitochondria? JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1094/asbcj-2010-0803-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Keller MA, Kampjut D, Harrison SA, Ralser M. Sulfate radicals enable a non-enzymatic Krebs cycle precursor. Nat Ecol Evol 2017; 1:83. [PMID: 28584880 PMCID: PMC5455955 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-017-0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The evolutionary origins of the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), or Krebs cycle, are so far unclear. Despite a few years ago, the existence of a simple non-enzymatic Krebs-cycle catalyst has been dismissed 'as an appeal to magic', citrate and other intermediates have meanwhile been discovered on a carbonaceous meteorite and do interconvert non-enzymatically. To identify the non-enzymatic Krebs cycle catalyst, we used combinatorial, quantitative high-throughput metabolomics to systematically screen iron and sulfate reaction milieus that orient on Archean sediment constituents. TCA cycle intermediates are found stable in water and in the presence of most iron and sulfate species, including simple iron-sulfate minerals. However, we report that TCA intermediates undergo 24 interconversion reactions in the presence of sulfate radicals that form from peroxydisulfate. The non-enzymatic reactions critically cover a topology as present in the Krebs cycle, the glyoxylate shunt and the succinic semialdehyde pathways. Assembled in a chemical network, the reactions achieve more than ninety percent carbon recovery. Our results show that a non-enzymatic precursor for the Krebs cycle is biologically sensible, efficient, and forms spontaneously in the presence of sulfate radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus A. Keller
- Department of Biochemistry and Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Rd, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK
- Division of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Division of Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Peter-Mayr-Straße 1, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Domen Kampjut
- Department of Biochemistry and Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Rd, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Stuart A. Harrison
- Department of Biochemistry and Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Rd, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Markus Ralser
- Department of Biochemistry and Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Rd, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK
- The Molecular Biology of Metabolism Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, NW1 1AT, London, UK
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30
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Casaletti L, Lima PS, Oliveira LN, Borges CL, Báo SN, Bailão AM, Soares CMA. Analysis of Paracoccidioides lutzii mitochondria: a proteomic approach. Yeast 2017; 34:179-188. [PMID: 27886402 DOI: 10.1002/yea.3225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Paracoccidioides is composed of thermal dimorphic fungi, causative agents of paracoccidioidomycosis, one of the most frequent systemic mycoses in Latin America. Mitochondria have sophisticated machinery for ATP production, which involves metabolic pathways such as citric acid and glyoxylate cycles, electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. In addition, this organelle performs a variety of functions in the cell, working as an exceptional metabolic signalling centre that contributes to cellular stress responses, as autophagy and apoptosis in eukaryotic organisms. The aim of this work was to perform a descriptive proteomic analysis of mitochondria in Paracoccidioides lutzii yeast cells. After mitochondria fractionation, samples enriched in mitochondrial proteins were digested with trypsin and analysed using a NanoUPLC-MSE system (Waters Corporation, Manchester, UK). Ours results revealed that the established protocol for purification of mitochondria was very effective for P. lutzii, and 298 proteins were identified as primarily mitochondrial, in our analysis. To our knowledge, this is the first compilation of mitochondrial proteins from P. lutzii, to date. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Casaletti
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, ICBII, Campus II, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74001-970, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.,Escola de Engenharia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 74605-010, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - P S Lima
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, ICBII, Campus II, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74001-970, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - L N Oliveira
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, ICBII, Campus II, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74001-970, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Patologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, 70910-900, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - C L Borges
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, ICBII, Campus II, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74001-970, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - S N Báo
- Laboratório de Microscopia, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, 70910-900, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - A M Bailão
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, ICBII, Campus II, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74001-970, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - C M A Soares
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, ICBII, Campus II, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74001-970, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
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Rout S, Zumthor JP, Schraner EM, Faso C, Hehl AB. An Interactome-Centered Protein Discovery Approach Reveals Novel Components Involved in Mitosome Function and Homeostasis in Giardia lamblia. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1006036. [PMID: 27926928 PMCID: PMC5142787 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Protozoan parasites of the genus Giardia are highly prevalent globally, and infect a wide range of vertebrate hosts including humans, with proliferation and pathology restricted to the small intestine. This narrow ecological specialization entailed extensive structural and functional adaptations during host-parasite co-evolution. An example is the streamlined mitosomal proteome with iron-sulphur protein maturation as the only biochemical pathway clearly associated with this organelle. Here, we applied techniques in microscopy and protein biochemistry to investigate the mitosomal membrane proteome in association to mitosome homeostasis. Live cell imaging revealed a highly immobilized array of 30–40 physically distinct mitosome organelles in trophozoites. We provide direct evidence for the single giardial dynamin-related protein as a contributor to mitosomal morphogenesis and homeostasis. To overcome inherent limitations that have hitherto severely hampered the characterization of these unique organelles we applied a novel interaction-based proteome discovery strategy using forward and reverse protein co-immunoprecipitation. This allowed generation of organelle proteome data strictly in a protein-protein interaction context. We built an initial Tom40-centered outer membrane interactome by co-immunoprecipitation experiments, identifying small GTPases, factors with dual mitosome and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) distribution, as well as novel matrix proteins. Through iterative expansion of this protein-protein interaction network, we were able to i) significantly extend this interaction-based mitosomal proteome to include other membrane-associated proteins with possible roles in mitosome morphogenesis and connection to other subcellular compartments, and ii) identify novel matrix proteins which may shed light on mitosome-associated metabolic functions other than Fe-S cluster biogenesis. Functional analysis also revealed conceptual conservation of protein translocation despite the massive divergence and reduction of protein import machinery in Giardia mitosomes. Organelles with endosymbiotic origin are present in virtually all extant eukaryotes and have undergone considerable remodeling during > 1 billion years of evolution. Highly diverged organelles such as mitosomes or plastids in some parasitic protozoa are the product of extensive secondary reduction. They are sufficiently unique to generate interest as targets for pharmacological intervention, in addition to providing a rich ground for evolutionary cell biologists. The so-called mitochondria-related organelles (MROs) comprise mitosomes and hydrogenosomes, with the former having lost any role in energy metabolism along with the organelle genome. The mitosomes of the intestinal pathogen Giardia lamblia are the most highly reduced MROs known and have proven difficult to investigate because of their extreme divergence and their unique biophysical properties. Here, we implemented a novel strategy aimed at systematic analysis of the organelle proteome by iterative expansion of a protein-protein interaction network. We combined serial forward and reverse co-immunoprecipitations with mass spectrometry analysis, data mining, and validation by subcellular localization and/or functional analysis to generate an interactome network centered on a giardial Tom40 homolog. This iterative ab initio proteome reconstruction provided protein-protein interaction data in addition to identifying novel organelle proteins and functions. Building on this data we generated information on organelle replication, mitosome morphogenesis and organelle dynamics in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Rout
- Institute of Parasitology, University of Zurich (ZH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jon Paulin Zumthor
- Institute of Parasitology, University of Zurich (ZH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Carmen Faso
- Institute of Parasitology, University of Zurich (ZH), Zurich, Switzerland
- * E-mail: (ABH); (CF)
| | - Adrian B. Hehl
- Institute of Parasitology, University of Zurich (ZH), Zurich, Switzerland
- * E-mail: (ABH); (CF)
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Khatami M. Is cancer a severe delayed hypersensitivity reaction and histamine a blueprint? Clin Transl Med 2016; 5:35. [PMID: 27558401 PMCID: PMC4996813 DOI: 10.1186/s40169-016-0108-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Longevity and accumulation of multiple context-dependent signaling pathways of long-standing inflammation (antigen-load or oxidative stress) are the results of decreased/altered regulation of immunity and loss of control switch mechanisms that we defined as Yin and Yang of acute inflammation or immune surveillance. Chronic inflammation is initiated by immune disruptors-induced progressive changes in physiology and function of susceptible host tissues that lead to increased immune suppression and multistep disease processes including carcinogenesis. The interrelated multiple hypotheses that are presented for the first time in this article are extension of author's earlier series of 'accidental' discoveries on the role of inflammation in developmental stages of immune dysfunction toward tumorigenesis and angiogenesis. Detailed analyses of data on chronic diseases suggest that nearly all age-associated illnesses, generally categorized as 'mild' (e.g., increased allergies), 'moderate' (e.g., hypertension, colitis, gastritis, pancreatitis, emphysema) or 'severe' (e.g., accelerated neurodegenerative and autoimmune diseases or site-specific cancers and metastasis) are variations of hypersensitivity responses of tissues that are manifested as different diseases in immune-responsive or immune-privileged tissues. Continuous release/presence of low level histamine (subclinical) in circulation could contribute to sustained oxidative stress and induction of 'mild' or 'moderate' or 'severe' (immune tsunami) immune disorders in susceptible tissues. Site-specific cancers are proposed to be 'severe' (irreversible) forms of cumulative delayed hypersensitivity responses that would induce immunological chaos in favor of tissue growth in target tissues. Shared or special features of growth from fetus development into adulthood and aging processes and carcinogenesis are briefly compared with regard to energy requirements of highly complex function of Yin and Yang. Features of Yang (growth-promoting) arm of acute inflammation during fetus and cancer growth will be compared for consuming low energy from glycolysis (Warburg effect). Growth of fetus and cancer cells under hypoxic conditions and impaired mitochondrial energy requirements of tissues including metabolism of essential branched amino acids (e.g., val, leu, isoleu) will be compared for proposing a working model for future systematic research on cancer biology, prevention and therapy. Presentation of a working model provides insightful clues into bioenergetics that are required for fetus growth (absence of external threat and lack of high energy-demands of Yin events and parasite-like survival in host), normal growth in adulthood (balance in Yin and Yang processes) or disease processes and carcinogenesis (loss of balance in Yin-Yang). Future studies require focusing on dynamics and promotion of natural/inherent balance between Yin (tumoricidal) and Yang (tumorigenic) of effective immunity that develop after birth. Lawless growth of cancerous cells and loss of cell contact inhibition could partially be due to impaired mitochondria (mitophagy) that influence metabolism of branched chain amino acids for biosynthesis of structural proteins. The author invites interested scientists with diverse expertise to provide comments, confirm, dispute and question and/or expand and collaborate on many components of the proposed working model with the goal to better understand cancer biology for future designs of cost-effective research and clinical trials and prevention of cancer. Initial events during oxidative stress-induced damages to DNA/RNA repair mechanisms and inappropriate expression of inflammatory mediators are potentially correctable, preventable or druggable, if future studies were to focus on systematic understanding of early altered immune response dynamics toward multistep chronic diseases and carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahin Khatami
- National Cancer Institute (NCI), the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Midlej V, Penha L, Silva R, de Souza W, Benchimol M. Mitosomal chaperone modulation during the life cycle of the pathogenic protist Giardia intestinalis. Eur J Cell Biol 2016; 95:531-542. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Puglisi R, Yan R, Adinolfi S, Pastore A. A New Tessera into the Interactome of the isc Operon: A Novel Interaction between HscB and IscS. Front Mol Biosci 2016; 3:48. [PMID: 27730125 PMCID: PMC5037179 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2016.00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron sulfur clusters are essential universal prosthetic groups which can be formed inorganically but, in biology, are bound to proteins and produced enzymatically. Most of the components of the machine that produces the clusters are conserved throughout evolution. In bacteria, they are encoded in the isc operon. Previous reports provide information on the role of specific components but a clear picture of how the whole machine works is still missing. We have carried out a study of the effects of the co-chaperone HscB from the model system E. coli. We document a previously undetected weak interaction between the chaperone HscB and the desulfurase IscS, one of the two main players of the machine. The binding site involves a region of HscB in the longer stem of the approximately L-shaped molecule, whereas the interacting surface of IscS overlaps with the surface previously involved in binding other proteins, such as ferredoxin and frataxin. Our findings provide an entirely new perspective to our comprehension of the role of HscB and propose this protein as a component of the IscS complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Puglisi
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Institute, King's College London London, UK
| | - Robert Yan
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Institute, King's College London London, UK
| | - Salvatore Adinolfi
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Institute, King's College London London, UK
| | - Annalisa Pastore
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Institute, King's College LondonLondon, UK; Molecular Medicine Department, University of PaviaPavia, Italy
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Abstract
Apart from energy transformation, mitochondria play important signaling roles. In
yeast, mitochondrial signaling relies on several molecular cascades. However, it
is not clear how a cell detects a particular mitochondrial malfunction. The
problem is that there are many possible manifestations of mitochondrial
dysfunction. For example, exposure to the specific antibiotics can either
decrease (inhibitors of respiratory chain) or increase (inhibitors of
ATP-synthase) mitochondrial transmembrane potential. Moreover, even in the
absence of the dysfunctions, a cell needs feedback from mitochondria to
coordinate mitochondrial biogenesis and/or removal by mitophagy during the
division cycle. To cope with the complexity, only a limited set of compounds is
monitored by yeast cells to estimate mitochondrial functionality. The known
examples of such compounds are ATP, reactive oxygen species, intermediates of
amino acids synthesis, short peptides, Fe-S clusters and heme, and also the
precursor proteins which fail to be imported by mitochondria. On one hand, the
levels of these molecules depend not only on mitochondria. On the other hand,
these substances are recognized by the cytosolic sensors which transmit the
signals to the nucleus leading to general, as opposed to mitochondria-specific,
transcriptional response. Therefore, we argue that both ways of
mitochondria-to-nucleus communication in yeast are mostly (if not completely)
unspecific, are mediated by the cytosolic signaling machinery and strongly
depend on cellular metabolic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry A Knorre
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory 1-40, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Svyatoslav S Sokolov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory 1-40, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Anna N Zyrina
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory 1-73, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Fedor F Severin
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory 1-40, Moscow 119991, Russia. ; Institute of Mitoengineering, Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory 1, Moscow 119991, Russia
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Thompson OA, Hawkins GM, Gorsich SW, Doran-Peterson J. Phenotypic characterization and comparative transcriptomics of evolved Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains with improved tolerance to lignocellulosic derived inhibitors. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2016; 9:200. [PMID: 27679668 PMCID: PMC5029107 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-016-0614-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lignocellulosic biomass continues to be investigated as a viable source for bioethanol production. However, the pretreatment process generates inhibitory compounds that impair the growth and fermentation performance of microorganisms such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Pinewood specifically has been shown to be challenging in obtaining industrially relevant ethanol titers. An industrial S. cerevisiae strain was subjected to directed evolution and adaptation in pretreated pine biomass and resultant strains, GHP1 and GHP4, exhibited improved growth and fermentative ability on pretreated pine in the presence of related inhibitory compounds. A comparative transcriptomic approach was applied to identify and characterize differences in phenotypic stability of evolved strains. RESULTS Evolved strains displayed different fermentative capabilities with pretreated pine that appear to be influenced by the addition or absence of 13 inhibitory compounds during pre-culturing. GHP4 performance was consistent independent of culturing conditions, while GHP1 performance was dependent on culturing with inhibitors. Comparative transcriptomics revealed 52 genes potentially associated with stress responses to multiple inhibitors simultaneously. Fluorescence microscopy revealed improved cellular integrity of both strains with mitochondria exhibiting resistance to the damaging effects of inhibitors in contrast to the parent. CONCLUSIONS Multiple potentially novel genetic targets have been discovered for understanding stress tolerance through the characterization of our evolved strains. This study specifically examines the synergistic effects of multiple inhibitors and identified targets will guide future studies in remediating effects of inhibitors and further development of robust yeast strains for multiple industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gary M. Hawkins
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA
| | - Steven W. Gorsich
- Department of Biology, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859 USA
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Shou W. Acknowledging selection at sub-organismal levels resolves controversy on pro-cooperation mechanisms. eLife 2015; 4. [PMID: 26714105 PMCID: PMC4798966 DOI: 10.7554/elife.10106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cooperators who pay a cost to produce publically-available benefits can be exploited by cheaters who do not contribute fairly. How might cooperation persist against cheaters? Two classes of mechanisms are known to promote cooperation: 'partner choice', where a cooperator preferentially interacts with cooperative over cheating partners; and 'partner fidelity feedback', where repeated interactions between individuals ensure that cheaters suffer as their cooperative partners languish (see, for example, Momeni et al., 2013). However when both mechanisms can act, differentiating them has generated controversy. Here, I resolve this controversy by noting that selection can operate on organismal and sub-organismal 'entities' such that partner fidelity feedback at sub-organismal level can appear as partner choice at organismal level. I also show that cooperation between multicellular eukaryotes and mitochondria is promoted by partner fidelity feedback and partner choice between sub-organismal entities, in addition to being promoted by partner fidelity feedback between hosts and symbionts, as was previously known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenying Shou
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, United States
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Skoneczna A, Kaniak A, Skoneczny M. Genetic instability in budding and fission yeast-sources and mechanisms. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2015; 39:917-67. [PMID: 26109598 PMCID: PMC4608483 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuv028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells are constantly confronted with endogenous and exogenous factors that affect their genomes. Eons of evolution have allowed the cellular mechanisms responsible for preserving the genome to adjust for achieving contradictory objectives: to maintain the genome unchanged and to acquire mutations that allow adaptation to environmental changes. One evolutionary mechanism that has been refined for survival is genetic variation. In this review, we describe the mechanisms responsible for two biological processes: genome maintenance and mutation tolerance involved in generations of genetic variations in mitotic cells of both Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe. These processes encompass mechanisms that ensure the fidelity of replication, DNA lesion sensing and DNA damage response pathways, as well as mechanisms that ensure precision in chromosome segregation during cell division. We discuss various factors that may influence genome stability, such as cellular ploidy, the phase of the cell cycle, transcriptional activity of a particular region of DNA, the proficiency of DNA quality control systems, the metabolic stage of the cell and its respiratory potential, and finally potential exposure to endogenous or environmental stress. The stability of budding and fission yeast genomes is influenced by two contradictory factors: (1) the need to be fully functional, which is ensured through the replication fidelity pathways of nuclear and mitochondrial genomes through sensing and repairing DNA damage, through precise chromosome segregation during cell division; and (2) the need to acquire changes for adaptation to environmental challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrianna Skoneczna
- Laboratory of Mutagenesis and DNA Repair, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Science, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aneta Kaniak
- Laboratory of Mutagenesis and DNA Repair, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Science, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Skoneczny
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Science, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
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Kaniak-Golik A, Skoneczna A. Mitochondria-nucleus network for genome stability. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 82:73-104. [PMID: 25640729 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The proper functioning of the cell depends on preserving the cellular genome. In yeast cells, a limited number of genes are located on mitochondrial DNA. Although the mechanisms underlying nuclear genome maintenance are well understood, much less is known about the mechanisms that ensure mitochondrial genome stability. Mitochondria influence the stability of the nuclear genome and vice versa. Little is known about the two-way communication and mutual influence of the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. Although the mitochondrial genome replicates independent of the nuclear genome and is organized by a distinct set of mitochondrial nucleoid proteins, nearly all genome stability mechanisms responsible for maintaining the nuclear genome, such as mismatch repair, base excision repair, and double-strand break repair via homologous recombination or the nonhomologous end-joining pathway, also act to protect mitochondrial DNA. In addition to mitochondria-specific DNA polymerase γ, the polymerases α, η, ζ, and Rev1 have been found in this organelle. A nuclear genome instability phenotype results from a failure of various mitochondrial functions, such as an electron transport chain activity breakdown leading to a decrease in ATP production, a reduction in the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ), and a block in nucleotide and amino acid biosynthesis. The loss of ΔΨ inhibits the production of iron-sulfur prosthetic groups, which impairs the assembly of Fe-S proteins, including those that mediate DNA transactions; disturbs iron homeostasis; leads to oxidative stress; and perturbs wobble tRNA modification and ribosome assembly, thereby affecting translation and leading to proteotoxic stress. In this review, we present the current knowledge of the mechanisms that govern mitochondrial genome maintenance and demonstrate ways in which the impairment of mitochondrial function can affect nuclear genome stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Kaniak-Golik
- Laboratory of Mutagenesis and DNA Repair, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Science, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adrianna Skoneczna
- Laboratory of Mutagenesis and DNA Repair, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Science, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
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Li J, Cowan JA. Glutathione-coordinated [2Fe-2S] cluster: a viable physiological substrate for mitochondrial ABCB7 transport. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:2253-5. [PMID: 25556595 PMCID: PMC4522903 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc09175b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The glutathione-coordinated [2Fe-2S] cluster is demonstrated to be a viable and likely substrate for physiological iron-sulfur cluster transport by Atm1p, a mitochondrial ABC export protein. Flow cytometry and colorimetric assays demonstrate a quantitative methodology for study of metal translocation proteins and their proteoliposome products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Verner Z, Basu S, Benz C, Dixit S, Dobáková E, Faktorová D, Hashimi H, Horáková E, Huang Z, Paris Z, Peña-Diaz P, Ridlon L, Týč J, Wildridge D, Zíková A, Lukeš J. Malleable mitochondrion of Trypanosoma brucei. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 315:73-151. [PMID: 25708462 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The importance of mitochondria for a typical aerobic eukaryotic cell is undeniable, as the list of necessary mitochondrial processes is steadily growing. Here, we summarize the current knowledge of mitochondrial biology of an early-branching parasitic protist, Trypanosoma brucei, a causative agent of serious human and cattle diseases. We present a comprehensive survey of its mitochondrial pathways including kinetoplast DNA replication and maintenance, gene expression, protein and metabolite import, major metabolic pathways, Fe-S cluster synthesis, ion homeostasis, organellar dynamics, and other processes. As we describe in this chapter, the single mitochondrion of T. brucei is everything but simple and as such rivals mitochondria of multicellular organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdeněk Verner
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic; Present address: Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia; Present address: Faculty of Sciences, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Somsuvro Basu
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic; Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice (Budweis), Czech Republic; Present address: Institut für Zytobiologie und Zytopathologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Germany
| | - Corinna Benz
- Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice (Budweis), Czech Republic
| | - Sameer Dixit
- Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice (Budweis), Czech Republic
| | - Eva Dobáková
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic; Present address: Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Drahomíra Faktorová
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic; Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice (Budweis), Czech Republic
| | - Hassan Hashimi
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic; Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice (Budweis), Czech Republic
| | - Eva Horáková
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic
| | - Zhenqiu Huang
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic; Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice (Budweis), Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Paris
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic
| | - Priscila Peña-Diaz
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Ridlon
- Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice (Budweis), Czech Republic; Present address: Salk Institute, La Jolla, San Diego, USA
| | - Jiří Týč
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic; Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice (Budweis), Czech Republic
| | - David Wildridge
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Zíková
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic; Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice (Budweis), Czech Republic
| | - Julius Lukeš
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic; Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice (Budweis), Czech Republic
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Winter G, Cordente AG, Curtin C. Formation of hydrogen sulfide from cysteine in Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY4742: genome wide screen reveals a central role of the vacuole. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113869. [PMID: 25517415 PMCID: PMC4269451 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Discoveries on the toxic effects of cysteine accumulation and, particularly, recent findings on the many physiological roles of one of the products of cysteine catabolism, hydrogen sulfide (H2S), are highlighting the importance of this amino acid and sulfur metabolism in a range of cellular activities. It is also highlighting how little we know about this critical part of cellular metabolism. In the work described here, a genome-wide screen using a deletion collection of Saccharomyces cerevisiae revealed a surprising set of genes associated with this process. In addition, the yeast vacuole, not previously associated with cysteine catabolism, emerged as an important compartment for cysteine degradation. Most prominent among the vacuole-related mutants were those involved in vacuole acidification; we identified each of the eight subunits of a vacuole acidification sub-complex (V1 of the yeast V-ATPase) as essential for cysteine degradation. Other functions identified included translation, RNA processing, folate-derived one-carbon metabolism, and mitochondrial iron-sulfur homeostasis. This work identified for the first time cellular factors affecting the fundamental process of cysteine catabolism. Results obtained significantly contribute to the understanding of this process and may provide insight into the underlying cause of cysteine accumulation and H2S generation in eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gal Winter
- School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, College of Health and Science, University of Western Sydney, Parramatta, NSW, Australia
- The Australian Wine Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Centre for Microbial Electrosynthesis (CEMES), University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Chris Curtin
- The Australian Wine Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Li S. Redox Modulation Matters: Emerging Functions for Glutaredoxins in Plant Development and Stress Responses. PLANTS 2014; 3:559-82. [PMID: 27135520 PMCID: PMC4844277 DOI: 10.3390/plants3040559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Glutaredoxins (GRXs) are small ubiquitous glutathione (GSH)-dependent oxidoreductases that catalyze the reversible reduction of protein disulfide bridges or protein-GSH mixed disulfide bonds via a dithiol or monothiol mechanism, respectively. Three major classes of GRXs, with the CPYC-type, the CGFS-type or the CC-type active site, have been identified in many plant species. In spite of the well-characterized roles for GRXs in Escherichia coli, yeast and humans, the biological functions of plant GRXs have been largely enigmatic. The CPYC-type and CGFS-type GRXs exist in all organisms, from prokaryotes to eukaryotes, whereas the CC-type class has thus far been solely identified in land plants. Only the number of the CC-type GRXs has enlarged dramatically during the evolution of land plants, suggesting their participation in the formation of more complex plants adapted to life on land. A growing body of evidence indicates that plant GRXs are involved in numerous cellular pathways. In this review, emphasis is placed on the recently emerging functions for GRXs in floral organ development and disease resistance. Notably, CC-type GRXs have been recruited to participate in these two seemingly unrelated processes. Besides, the current knowledge of plant GRXs in the assembly and delivery of iron-sulfur clusters, oxidative stress responses and arsenic resistance is also presented. As GRXs require GSH as an electron donor to reduce their target proteins, GSH-related developmental processes, including the control of flowering time and the development of postembryonic roots and shoots, are further discussed. Profiling the thiol redox proteome using high-throughput proteomic approaches and measuring cellular redox changes with fluorescent redox biosensors will help to further unravel the redox-regulated physiological processes in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shutian Li
- Department of Botany, Osnabrück University, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany.
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The mitochondrial proteins AtHscB and AtIsu1 involved in Fe-S cluster assembly interact with the Hsp70-type chaperon AtHscA2 and modulate its catalytic activity. Mitochondrion 2014; 19 Pt B:375-81. [PMID: 25462017 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Arabidopsis plants contain two genes coding for mitochondrial Hsp70-type chaperon-like proteins, AtHscA1 (At4g37910) and AtHscA2 (At5g09590). Both genes are homologs of the Ssq1 gene involved in Fe-S cluster assembly in yeast. Protein-protein interaction studies showed that AtHscA2 interacts with AtIsu1 and AtHscB, two Arabidopsis homologs of the Isu1 protein and the Jac1 yeast co-chaperone. Moreover, this interaction could modulate the activity of AtHscA2. In the presence of a 1:5:5 molar ratio of AtHscA2:AtIsu1:AtHscB we observed an increase in the V(max) and a decrease in the S(0.5) for ATP of AtHscA2. Furthermore, an increase of about 28-fold in the catalytic efficiency of AtHscA2 was also observed. Results suggest that AtHscA2 in cooperation with AtIsu1 and AtHscB play an important role in the regulation of the Fe-S assembly pathway in plant mitochondria.
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Anwar S, Dikhit MR, Singh KP, Kar RK, Zaidi A, Sahoo GC, Roy AK, Nozaki T, Das P, Ali V. Interaction between Nbp35 and Cfd1 proteins of cytosolic Fe-S cluster assembly reveals a stable complex formation in Entamoeba histolytica. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108971. [PMID: 25271645 PMCID: PMC4182839 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron-Sulfur (Fe-S) proteins are involved in many biological functions such as electron transport, photosynthesis, regulation of gene expression and enzymatic activities. Biosynthesis and transfer of Fe-S clusters depend on Fe-S clusters assembly processes such as ISC, SUF, NIF, and CIA systems. Unlike other eukaryotes which possess ISC and CIA systems, amitochondriate Entamoeba histolytica has retained NIF & CIA systems for Fe-S cluster assembly in the cytosol. In the present study, we have elucidated interaction between two proteins of E. histolytica CIA system, Cytosolic Fe-S cluster deficient 1 (Cfd1) protein and Nucleotide binding protein 35 (Nbp35). In-silico analysis showed that structural regions ranging from amino acid residues (P33-K35, G131-V135 and I147-E151) of Nbp35 and (G5-V6, M34-D39 and G46-A52) of Cfd1 are involved in the formation of protein-protein complex. Furthermore, Molecular dynamic (MD) simulations study suggested that hydrophobic forces surpass over hydrophilic forces between Nbp35 and Cfd1 and Van-der-Waal interaction plays crucial role in the formation of stable complex. Both proteins were separately cloned, expressed as recombinant fusion proteins in E. coli and purified to homogeneity by affinity column chromatography. Physical interaction between Nbp35 and Cfd1 proteins was confirmed in vitro by co-purification of recombinant Nbp35 with thrombin digested Cfd1 and in vivo by pull down assay and immunoprecipitation. The insilico, in vitro as well as in vivo results prove a stable interaction between these two proteins, supporting the possibility of its involvement in Fe-S cluster transfer to target apo-proteins through CIA machinery in E. histolytica. Our study indicates that initial synthesis of a Fe-S precursor in mitochondria is not necessary for the formation of Cfd1-Nbp35 complex. Thus, Cfd1 and Nbp35 with the help of cytosolic NifS and NifU proteins can participate in the maturation of non-mitosomal Fe-S proteins without any apparent assistance of mitosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadab Anwar
- Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Agam-kuan, Patna, India
| | - Manas Ranjan Dikhit
- Department of Biomedical Informatics Centre, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Agam-kuan, Patna, India
| | - Krishn Pratap Singh
- Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Agam-kuan, Patna, India
| | - Rajiv Kumar Kar
- Department of Biomedical Informatics Centre, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Agam-kuan, Patna, India
| | - Amir Zaidi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Agam-kuan, Patna, India
| | - Ganesh Chandra Sahoo
- Department of Biomedical Informatics Centre, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Agam-kuan, Patna, India
| | | | - Tomoyoshi Nozaki
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Pradeep Das
- Department of Molecular Biology, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Agam-kuan, Patna, India
| | - Vahab Ali
- Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Agam-kuan, Patna, India
- * E-mail:
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de Paula WBM, Agip ANA, Missirlis F, Ashworth R, Vizcay-Barrena G, Lucas CH, Allen JF. Female and male gamete mitochondria are distinct and complementary in transcription, structure, and genome function. Genome Biol Evol 2014; 5:1969-77. [PMID: 24068653 PMCID: PMC3814205 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evt147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory electron transport in mitochondria is coupled to ATP synthesis while generating mutagenic oxygen free radicals. Mitochondrial DNA mutation then accumulates with age, and may set a limit to the lifespan of individual, multicellular organisms. Why is this mutation not inherited? Here we demonstrate that female gametes—oocytes—have unusually small and simple mitochondria that are suppressed for DNA transcription, electron transport, and free radical production. By contrast, male gametes—sperm—and somatic cells of both sexes transcribe mitochondrial genes for respiratory electron carriers and produce oxygen free radicals. This germ-line division between mitochondria of sperm and egg is observed in both the vinegar fruitfly and the zebrafish—species spanning a major evolutionary divide within the animal kingdom. We interpret these findings as an evidence that oocyte mitochondria serve primarily as genetic templates, giving rise, irreversibly and in each new generation, to the familiar energy-transducing mitochondria of somatic cells and male gametes. Suppressed mitochondrial metabolism in the female germ line may therefore constitute a mechanism for increasing the fidelity of mitochondrial DNA inheritance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson B M de Paula
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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48
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Highly divergent mitochondrion-related organelles in anaerobic parasitic protozoa. Biochimie 2014; 100:3-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2013.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Jerlström-Hultqvist J, Einarsson E, Xu F, Hjort K, Ek B, Steinhauf D, Hultenby K, Bergquist J, Andersson JO, Svärd SG. Hydrogenosomes in the diplomonad Spironucleus salmonicida. Nat Commun 2014; 4:2493. [PMID: 24042146 PMCID: PMC3778541 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquisition of the mitochondrion is a key event in the evolution of the eukaryotic cell, but diversification of the organelle has occurred during eukaryotic evolution. One example of such mitochondria-related organelles (MROs) are hydrogenosomes, which produce ATP by substrate-level phosphorylation with hydrogen as a byproduct. The diplomonad parasite Giardia intestinalis harbours mitosomes, another type of MRO. Here we identify MROs in the salmon parasite Spironucleus salmonicida with similar protein import and Fe–S cluster assembly machineries as in Giardia mitosomes. We find that hydrogen production is prevalent in the diplomonad genus Spironucleus, and that S. salmonicida MROs contain enzymes characteristic of hydrogenosomes. Evolutionary analyses of known hydrogenosomal components indicate their presence in the diplomonad ancestor, and subsequent loss in Giardia. Our results suggest that hydrogenosomes are metabolic adaptations predating the split between parabasalids and diplomonads, which is deeper than the split between animals and fungi in the eukaryotic tree. Hydrogenosomes and mitosomes are mitochondria-related organelles with distinct properties. Here the authors find that the mitochondria-related organelle of the salmon parasite Spironucleus salmonicida has characteristics of both diplomonad mitosomes and of parabasalid hydrogenosomes, suggesting the presence of hydrogenosomes in the last common ancestor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Jerlström-Hultqvist
- 1] Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 596, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden [2]
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Isaya G. Mitochondrial iron-sulfur cluster dysfunction in neurodegenerative disease. Front Pharmacol 2014; 5:29. [PMID: 24624085 PMCID: PMC3939683 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2014.00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence supports a role for mitochondrial iron metabolism in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disorders such as Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) and Parkinson disease (PD) as well as in the motor and cognitive decline associated with the aging process. Iron-sulfur enzyme deficits and regional iron accumulation have been observed in each of these conditions. In spite of significant etiological, clinical and pathological differences that exist between FRDA and PD, it is possible that defects in mitochondrial iron-sulfur clusters (ISCs) biogenesis represent a common underlying mechanism leading to abnormal intracellular iron distribution with mitochondrial iron accumulation, oxidative phosphorylation deficits and oxidative stress in susceptible cells and specific regions of the nervous system. Moreover, a similar mechanism may contribute to the age-dependent iron accumulation that occurs in certain brain regions such as the globus pallidus and the substantia nigra. Targeting chelatable iron and reactive oxygen species appear as possible therapeutic options for FRDA and PD, and possibly other age-related neurodegenerative conditions. However, new technology to interrogate ISC synthesis in humans is needed to (i) assess how defects in this pathway contribute to the natural history of neurodegenerative disorders and (ii) develop treatments to correct those defects early in the disease process, before they cause irreversible neuronal cell damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Isaya
- Department of Pediatric & Adolescent Medicine and Mayo Clinic Children's Center Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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