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Ivashchenko SD, Shulga DA, Ivashchenko VD, Zinovev EV, Vlasov AV. In silico studies of the open form of human tissue transglutaminase. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15981. [PMID: 38987418 PMCID: PMC11236986 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66348-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Human tissue transglutaminase (tTG) is an intriguing multifunctional enzyme involved in various diseases, including celiac disease and neurological disorders. Although a number of tTG inhibitors have been developed, the molecular determinants governing ligand binding remain incomplete due to the lack of high-resolution structural data in the vicinity of its active site. In this study, we obtained the complete high-resolution model of tTG by in silico methods based on available PDB structures. We discovered significant differences in the active site architecture between our and known tTG models, revealing an additional loop which affects the ligand binding affinity. We assembled a library of new potential tTG inhibitors based on the obtained complete model of the enzyme. Our library substantially expands the spectrum of possible drug candidates targeting tTG and encompasses twelve molecular scaffolds, eleven of which are novel and exhibit higher binding affinity then already known ones, according to our in silico studies. The results of this study open new directions for structure-based drug design of tTG inhibitors, offering the complete protein model and suggesting a wide range of new compounds for further experimental validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Ivashchenko
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia, 141701
- Laboratory of Microbiology, BIOTECH University, Moscow, Russia, 125080
| | - D A Shulga
- Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | - V D Ivashchenko
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia, 141701
| | - E V Zinovev
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia, 141701
| | - A V Vlasov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia, 141701.
- Laboratory of Microbiology, BIOTECH University, Moscow, Russia, 125080.
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia, 141980.
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2
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Gong H, Xia Y, Jing G, Yuan M, Zhou H, Wu D, Zuo J, Lei C, Aidebaike D, Wu X, Song X. Berberine alleviates neuroinflammation by downregulating NFκB/LCN2 pathway in sepsis-associated encephalopathy: network pharmacology, bioinformatics, and experimental validation. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 133:112036. [PMID: 38640713 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis refers to a systemic inflammatory response caused by infection, involving multiple organs. Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE), as one of the most common complications in patients with severe sepsis, refers to the diffuse brain dysfunction caused by sepsis without central nervous system infection. However, there is no clear diagnostic criteria and lack of specific diagnostic markers. METHODS The main active ingredients of coptidis rhizoma(CR) were identified from TCMSP and SwissADME databases. SwissTargetPrediction and PharmMapper databases were used to obtain targets of CR. OMIM, DisGeNET and Genecards databases were used to explore targets of SAE. Limma differential analysis was used to identify the differential expressed genes(DEGs) in GSE167610 and GSE198861 datasets. WGCNA was used to identify feature module. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis were performed using Metascape, DAVID and STRING databases. The PPI network was constructed by STRING database and analyzed by Cytoscape software. AutoDock and PyMOL software were used for molecular docking and visualization. Cecal ligation and puncture(CLP) was used to construct a mouse model of SAE, and the core targets were verified in vivo experiments. RESULTS 277 common targets were identified by taking the intersection of 4730 targets related to SAE and 509 targets of 9 main active ingredients of CR. 52 common DEGs were mined from GSE167610 and GSE198861 datasets. Among the 25,864 DEGs in GSE198861, LCN2 showed the most significant difference (logFC = 6.9). GO and KEGG enrichment analysis showed that these 52 DEGs were closely related to "inflammatory response" and "innate immunity". A network containing 38 genes was obtained by PPI analysis, among which LCN2 ranked the first in Degree value. Molecular docking results showed that berberine had a well binding affinity with LCN2. Animal experiments results showed that berberine could inhibit the high expression of LCN2,S100A9 and TGM2 induced by CLP in the hippocampus of mice, as well as the high expression of inflammatory factors (TNFα, IL-6 and IL-1β). In addition, berberine might reduce inflammation and neuronal cell death by partially inhibiting NFκB/LCN2 pathway in the hippocampus of CLP models, thereby alleviating SAE. CONCLUSION Overall, Berberine may exert anti-inflammatory effects through multi-ingredients, multi-targets and multi-pathways to partially rescue neuronal death and alleviate SAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Gong
- Research Centre of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430071, China
| | - Yun Xia
- Research Centre of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430071, China
| | - Guoqing Jing
- Research Centre of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430071, China
| | - Min Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430060, China
| | - Huimin Zhou
- Research Centre of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430071, China
| | - Die Wu
- Research Centre of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430071, China
| | - Jing Zuo
- Research Centre of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430071, China
| | - Chuntian Lei
- Research Centre of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430071, China
| | - Delida Aidebaike
- Research Centre of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430071, China
| | - Xiaojing Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430060, China.
| | - Xuemin Song
- Research Centre of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430071, China.
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3
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Vorderbruggen M, Velázquez-Martínez CA, Natarajan A, Karpf AR. PROTACs in Ovarian Cancer: Current Advancements and Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5067. [PMID: 38791105 PMCID: PMC11121112 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the deadliest gynecologic malignancy. The majority of patients diagnosed with advanced ovarian cancer will relapse, at which point additional therapies can be administered but, for the most part, these are not curative. As such, a need exists for the development of novel therapeutic options for ovarian cancer patients. Research in the field of targeted protein degradation (TPD) through the use of proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) has significantly increased in recent years. The ability of PROTACs to target proteins of interest (POI) for degradation, overcoming limitations such as the incomplete inhibition of POI function and the development of resistance seen with other inhibitors, is of particular interest in cancer research, including ovarian cancer research. This review provides a synopsis of PROTACs tested in ovarian cancer models and highlights PROTACs characterized in other types of cancers with potential high utility in ovarian cancer. Finally, we discuss methods that will help to enable the selective delivery of PROTACs to ovarian cancer and improve the pharmacodynamic properties of these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makenzie Vorderbruggen
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6805, USA; (M.V.); (A.N.)
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6805, USA
| | | | - Amarnath Natarajan
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6805, USA; (M.V.); (A.N.)
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6805, USA
| | - Adam R. Karpf
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6805, USA; (M.V.); (A.N.)
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6805, USA
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Meshram DD, Fanutti C, Pike CVS, Coussons PJ. Membrane Association of the Short Transglutaminase Type 2 Splice Variant (TG2-S) Modulates Cisplatin Resistance in a Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HepG2) Cell Line. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:4251-4270. [PMID: 38785527 PMCID: PMC11119602 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46050259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a heterogeneous malignancy with complex carcinogenesis. Although there has been significant progress in the treatment of HCC over the past decades, drug resistance to chemotherapy remains a major obstacle in its successful management. In this study, we were able to reduce chemoresistance in cisplatin-resistant HepG2 cells by either silencing the expression of transglutaminase type 2 (TG2) using siRNA or by the pre-treatment of cells with the TG2 enzyme inhibitor cystamine. Further analysis revealed that, whereas the full-length TG2 isoform (TG2-L) was almost completely cytoplasmic in its distribution, the majority of the short TG2 isoform (TG2-S) was membrane-associated in both parental and chemoresistant HepG2 cells. Following the induction of cisplatin toxicity in non-chemoresistant parental cells, TG2-S, together with cisplatin, quickly relocated to the cytosolic fraction. Conversely, no cytosolic relocalisation of TG2-S or nuclear accumulation cisplatin was observed, following the identical treatment of chemoresistant cells, where TG2-S remained predominantly membrane-associated. This suggests that the deficient subcellular relocalisation of TG2-S from membranous structures into the cytoplasm may limit the apoptic response to cisplatin toxicity in chemoresistant cells. Structural analysis of TG2 revealed the presence of binding motifs for interaction of TG2-S with the membrane scaffold protein LC3/LC3 homologue that could contribute to a novel mechanism of chemotherapeutic resistance in HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipak D. Meshram
- Cancer Cell Biology Subgroup, Biomedical Research Group, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge CB1 1PT, UK; (D.D.M.); (C.F.); (C.V.S.P.)
- School of Biosciences, The University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Cristina Fanutti
- Cancer Cell Biology Subgroup, Biomedical Research Group, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge CB1 1PT, UK; (D.D.M.); (C.F.); (C.V.S.P.)
| | - Claire V. S. Pike
- Cancer Cell Biology Subgroup, Biomedical Research Group, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge CB1 1PT, UK; (D.D.M.); (C.F.); (C.V.S.P.)
| | - Peter J. Coussons
- Cancer Cell Biology Subgroup, Biomedical Research Group, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge CB1 1PT, UK; (D.D.M.); (C.F.); (C.V.S.P.)
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5
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Yao Z, Fan Y, Lin L, Kellems RE, Xia Y. Tissue transglutaminase: a multifunctional and multisite regulator in health and disease. Physiol Rev 2024; 104:281-325. [PMID: 37712623 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00003.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue transglutaminase (TG2) is a widely distributed multifunctional protein involved in a broad range of cellular and metabolic functions carried out in a variety of cellular compartments. In addition to transamidation, TG2 also functions as a Gα signaling protein, a protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), a protein kinase, and a scaffolding protein. In the nucleus, TG2 modifies histones and transcription factors. The PDI function catalyzes the trimerization and activation of heat shock factor-1 in the nucleus and regulates the oxidation state of several mitochondrial complexes. Cytosolic TG2 modifies proteins by the addition of serotonin or other primary amines and in this way affects cell signaling. Modification of protein-bound glutamines reduces ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation. At the cell membrane, TG2 is associated with G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), where it functions in transmembrane signaling. TG2 is also found in the extracellular space, where it functions in protein cross-linking and extracellular matrix stabilization. Of particular importance in transglutaminase research are recent findings concerning the role of TG2 in gene expression, protein homeostasis, cell signaling, autoimmunity, inflammation, and hypoxia. Thus, TG2 performs a multitude of functions in multiple cellular compartments, making it one of the most versatile cellular proteins. Additional evidence links TG2 with multiple human diseases including preeclampsia, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, organ fibrosis, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and celiac disease. In conclusion, TG2 provides a multifunctional and multisite response to physiological stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouzhou Yao
- National Medical Metabolomics International Collaborative Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhua Fan
- National Medical Metabolomics International Collaborative Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lizhen Lin
- National Medical Metabolomics International Collaborative Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Rodney E Kellems
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Yang Xia
- National Medical Metabolomics International Collaborative Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
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6
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Goksoy Solak Y, Yegen G, Onder S, Tekin S, Soyluk O, Gul N, Tanakol R, Aral F, Kubat Uzum A. Transglutaminase 2 expression is associated with increased risk of lymph node metastasis and recurrence in papillary thyroid cancer. Endocrine 2023; 82:353-360. [PMID: 37340285 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-023-03427-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) is associated with mobilization, invasion, and chemoresistance of tumor cells. We aimed to determine whether the immunohistochemical staining with TG2 antibody differs between metastatic and non-metastatic papillary thyroid cancer patients. METHODS We included 76 patients with papillary thyroid cancer (72% female, median age 52 (24-81) years, follow-up time 107 (60-216) months). Thirty of them with no metastasis, 30 of them with only lymph node metastasis and 16 patients with distant ± lymph node metastasis. Immunohistochemical staining of TG2 antibody was evaluated in the primary tumor and extra-tumoral tissue. We also divided subjects into two groups according to their primary tumor TG2 staining score (group A, high risk group: ≥3, n = 43; group B, low risk group: <3, n = 33). RESULTS Vascular invasion (p < 0.001), thyroid capsule invasion (p < 0.001), extrathyroidal extension (p < 0.001), intrathyroidal dissemination (p = 0.001), lymph node metastasis (p < 0.001), presence of aggressive histology (p < 0.001) were significantly higher in group A. No significant difference was found between the groups in terms of distant metastasis. Based on ATA risk classification 95.5% of patients with low risk were in group B but 86.8% of intermediate risk and 56.3% of high risk were in group A. In regression analysis, lymph node metastasis increased by 1.9 times with each one point increase in TG2 staining score. CONCLUSION TG2 staining score of the primary tumor may be a predictive factor for lymph node metastasis. High or low TG2 scores may effect the frequency of follow-up and decision of treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yagmur Goksoy Solak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Gulcin Yegen
- Department of Pathology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Semen Onder
- Department of Pathology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sakin Tekin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Soyluk
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nurdan Gul
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Refik Tanakol
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ferihan Aral
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayse Kubat Uzum
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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7
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Lee SJ, Shin JW, Kwon MA, Lee KB, Kim HJ, Lee JH, Kang HS, Jun JK, Cho SY, Kim IG. Transglutaminase 2 Prevents Premature Senescence and Promotes Osteoblastic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells through NRF2 Activation. Stem Cells Int 2023; 2023:8815888. [PMID: 37900967 PMCID: PMC10611545 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8815888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) is a multifunctional enzyme that exhibits transamidase, GTPase, kinase, and protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) activities. Of these, transamidase-mediated modification of proteins regulates apoptosis, differentiation, inflammation, and fibrosis. TG2 is highly expressed in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) compared with differentiated cells, suggesting a role of TG2 specific for MSC characteristics. In this study, we report a new function of TG2 in the regulation of MSC redox homeostasis. During in vitro MSC expansion, TG2 is required for cell proliferation and self-renewal by preventing premature senescence but has no effect on the expression of surface antigens and oxidative stress-induced cell death. Moreover, induction of differentiation upregulates TG2 that promotes osteoblastic differentiation. Molecular analyses revealed that TG2 mediates tert-butylhydroquinone, but not sulforaphane, -induced nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) activation in a transamidase activity-independent manner. Differences in the mechanism of action between two NRF2 activators suggest that PDI activity of TG2 may be implicated in the stabilization of NRF2. The role of TG2 in the regulation of antioxidant response was further supported by transcriptomic analysis of MSC. These results indicate that TG2 is a critical enzyme in eliciting antioxidant response in MSC through NRF2 activation, providing a target for optimizing MSC manufacturing processes to prevent premature senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Jin Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Woong Shin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mee-Ae Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Baek Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Laboratory for Cellular Response to Oxidative Stress, Cell2in, Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Haeng Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heun-Soo Kang
- Laboratory for Cellular Response to Oxidative Stress, Cell2in, Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Kwan Jun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Yup Cho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Medical Research Center, Genomic Medicine Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Gyu Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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8
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Zhong Z, Li Z, Li Y, Jiang L, Kong Q, Chen W, Feng S. RhoA vesicle trafficking-mediated transglutaminase 2 membrane translocation promotes IgA1 mesangial deposition in IgA nephropathy. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e160374. [PMID: 37811653 PMCID: PMC10619437 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.160374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Transglutaminase 2 (TGase2) has been shown to contribute to the mesangial IgA1 deposition in a humanized mouse model of IgA nephropathy (IgAN), but the mechanism is not fully understood. In this study, we found that inhibition of TGase2 activity could dramatically decrease the amount of polymeric IgA1 (pIgA1) isolated from patients with IgAN that interacts with human mesangial cells (HMC). TGase2 was expressed both in the cytosol and on the membrane of HMC. Upon treatment with pIgA1, there were more TGase2 recruited to the membrane. Using a cell model of mesangial deposition of pIgA1, we identified 253 potential TGase2-associated proteins in the cytosolic fraction and observed a higher concentration of cellular vesicles and increased expression of Ras homolog family member A (RhoA) in HMC after pIgA1 stimulation. Both the amount of pIgA1 deposited on HMC and membrane TGase2 level were decreased by inhibition of the vesicle trafficking pathway. Mechanistically, TGase2 was found to be coprecipitated with RhoA in the cellular vesicles. Membrane TGase2 expression was greatly increased by overexpression of RhoA, while it was reduced by knockdown of RhoA. Our in vitro approach demonstrated that TGase2 was transported from the cytosol to the membrane through a RhoA-mediated vesicle-trafficking pathway that can facilitate pIgA1 interaction with mesangium in IgAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Zhong
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-Sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhijian Li
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-Sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanjie Li
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lanping Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-Sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingyu Kong
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-Sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-Sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaozhen Feng
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-Sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou, China
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9
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Malkomes P, Lunger I, Oppermann E, Lorenz J, Faqar-Uz-Zaman SF, Han J, Bothur S, Ziegler P, Bankov K, Wild P, Bechstein WO, Rieger MA. Transglutaminase 2 is associated with adverse colorectal cancer survival and represents a therapeutic target. Cancer Gene Ther 2023; 30:1346-1354. [PMID: 37443286 PMCID: PMC10581896 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-023-00641-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Molecular markers for predicting prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients are urgently needed for effective disease management. We reported previously that the multifunctional enzyme Transglutaminase 2 (TGM2) is essential for CRC cell survival by inactivation of the tumor suppressor p53. Based on these data, we determined the clinical relevance of TGM2 expression and explored its potential as prognostic marker and therapeutic target in CRC. We profiled TGM2 protein expression in tumor samples of 279 clinically characterized CRC patients using immunohistochemical staining. TGM2 expression was upregulated in matched tumor samples in comparison to normal tissue. A strong TGM2 expression was associated with advanced tumor stages and predicted worse prognosis regarding progression-free and overall-survival, even at early stages. Inhibition of TGM2 in CRC cell lines by the inhibitors LDN27219 and Tyrphostin resulted in a strong reduction of cancer cell proliferation and tumorsphere formation in vitro by induction of p53-mediated apoptosis. Primary patient-derived tumorsphere formation was significantly reduced by inhibition of TGM2. Treatment of mice with TGM2 inhibitors exhibited a significant deceleration of tumor progression. Our data indicate that high TGM2 expression in CRC is associated with worse prognosis and may serve as a therapeutic target in CRC patients with strong TGM2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Malkomes
- Department for General, Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ilaria Lunger
- Department for General, Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Department of Medicine II, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Elsie Oppermann
- Department for General, Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Johannes Lorenz
- Department for General, Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sara Fatima Faqar-Uz-Zaman
- Department for General, Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jiaoyan Han
- Department for General, Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sabrina Bothur
- Department of Medicine II, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Paul Ziegler
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- University Cancer Center (UCT), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Katrin Bankov
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- University Cancer Center (UCT), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Peter Wild
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- University Cancer Center (UCT), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Wolf Otto Bechstein
- Department for General, Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Michael A Rieger
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
- Department of Medicine II, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- Cardio-Pulmonary-Institute, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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10
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Valdivia A, Vagadia PP, Guo G, O'Brien E, Matei D, Schiltz GE. Discovery and Characterization of PROTACs Targeting Tissue Transglutaminase (TG2). J Med Chem 2023. [PMID: 37449845 PMCID: PMC10388319 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Tissue transglutaminase (TG2) is a multifunctional enzyme involved in the cross-linking of extracellular matrix proteins, formation of complexes with fibronectin (FN) and integrins, and GTP hydrolysis. TG2 is activated in several pathological conditions, including cancer. We recently described a novel series of ligands that bind to TG2 and inhibit its interaction with FN. Because TG2 acts via multiple mechanisms, we set out to pursue a targeted protein degradation strategy to abolish TG2's myriad functions. Here, we report the synthesis and characterization of a series of VHL-based degraders that reduce TG2 in ovarian cancer cells in a proteasome-dependent manner. Degradation of TG2 resulted in significantly reduced cancer cell adhesion and migration in vitro in scratch-wound and migration assays. These results strongly indicate that further development of more potent and in vivo efficient TG2 degraders could be a new strategy for reducing the dissemination of ovarian and other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Valdivia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Purav P Vagadia
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Guangxu Guo
- WuXi AppTec, Shanghai 200131, People's Republic of China
| | - Eilidh O'Brien
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Daniela Matei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Gary E Schiltz
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
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11
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Jambrovics K, Póliska S, Scholtz B, Uray IP, Balajthy Z. ATO Increases ROS Production and Apoptosis of Cells by Enhancing Calpain-Mediated Degradation of the Cancer Survival Protein TG2. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10938. [PMID: 37446117 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) is a critical cancer cell survival factor that activates several signalling pathways to foster drug resistance, cancer stem cell survival, metastasis, inflammation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and angiogenesis. All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and chemotherapy have been the standard treatments for acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL), but clinical studies have shown that arsenic trioxide (ATO), alone or in combination with ATRA, can improve outcomes. ATO exerts cytotoxic effects in a variety of ways by inducing oxidative stress, genotoxicity, altered signal transduction, and/or epigenetic modification. In the present study, we showed that ATO increased ROS production and apoptosis ratios in ATRA-differentiated NB4 leukaemia cells, and that these responses were enhanced when TG2 was deleted. The combined ATRA + ATO treatment also increased the amount of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) transcription factor, an adaptive regulator of the cellular oxidative stress response, and calpain proteolytic activity, resulting in TG2 degradation and the reduced survival of WT leukaemia cells. We further showed that the induced TG2 protein expression was degraded in the MCF-7 epithelial cell line and primary peripheral blood mononuclear cells upon ATO treatment, thereby sensitising these cell types to apoptotic signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Károly Jambrovics
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Szilárd Póliska
- Genomic Medicine and Bioinformatic Core Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Beáta Scholtz
- Genomic Medicine and Bioinformatic Core Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Iván P Uray
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Balajthy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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12
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Al-Kachak A, Maze I. Post-translational modifications of histone proteins by monoamine neurotransmitters. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2023; 74:102302. [PMID: 37054563 PMCID: PMC10225327 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.102302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Protein monoaminylation is a biochemical process through which biogenic monoamines (e.g., serotonin, dopamine, histamine, etc.) are covalently bonded to certain protein substrates via Transglutaminase 2, an enzyme that catalyzes the transamidation of primary amines to the γ-carboxamides of glutamine residues. Since their initial discovery, these unusual post-translational modifications have been implicated in a wide variety of biological processes, ranging from protein coagulation to platelet activation and G-protein signaling. More recently, histone proteins - specifically histone H3 at glutamine 5 (H3Q5) - have been added to the growing list of monoaminyl substrates in vivo, with H3Q5 monoaminylation demonstrated to regulate permissive gene expression in cells. Such phenomena have further been shown to contribute critically to various aspects of (mal)adaptive neuronal plasticity and behavior. In this short review, we examine the evolution of our understanding of protein monoaminylation events, highlighting recent advances in the elucidation of their roles as important chromatin regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amni Al-Kachak
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ian Maze
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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13
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Lotti V, Lagni A, Diani E, Sorio C, Gibellini D. Crosslink between SARS-CoV-2 replication and cystic fibrosis hallmarks. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1162470. [PMID: 37250046 PMCID: PMC10213757 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1162470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2, the etiological cause of the COVID-19 pandemic, can cause severe illness in certain at-risk populations, including people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF). Nevertheless, several studies indicated that pwCF do not have higher risks of SARS-CoV-2 infection nor do they demonstrate worse clinical outcomes than those of the general population. Recent in vitro studies indicate cellular and molecular processes to be significant drivers in pwCF lower infection rates and milder symptoms than expected in cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection. These range from cytokine releases to biochemical alterations leading to morphological rearrangements inside the cells associated with CFTR impairment. Based on available data, the reported low incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among pwCF is likely a result of several variables linked to CFTR dysfunction, such as thick mucus, IL-6 reduction, altered ACE2 and TMPRSS2 processing and/or functioning, defective anions exchange, and autophagosome formation. An extensive analysis of the relation between SARS-CoV-2 infection and pwCF is essential to elucidate the mechanisms involved in this lower-than-expected infection impact and to possibly suggest potential new antiviral strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Lotti
- Microbiology Section, Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Anna Lagni
- Microbiology Section, Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Erica Diani
- Microbiology Section, Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Claudio Sorio
- General Pathology Section, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Davide Gibellini
- Microbiology Section, Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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14
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Davis MJ, Earley S, Li YS, Chien S. Vascular mechanotransduction. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:1247-1421. [PMID: 36603156 PMCID: PMC9942936 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00053.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This review aims to survey the current state of mechanotransduction in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs), including their sensing of mechanical stimuli and transduction of mechanical signals that result in the acute functional modulation and longer-term transcriptomic and epigenetic regulation of blood vessels. The mechanosensors discussed include ion channels, plasma membrane-associated structures and receptors, and junction proteins. The mechanosignaling pathways presented include the cytoskeleton, integrins, extracellular matrix, and intracellular signaling molecules. These are followed by discussions on mechanical regulation of transcriptome and epigenetics, relevance of mechanotransduction to health and disease, and interactions between VSMCs and ECs. Throughout this review, we offer suggestions for specific topics that require further understanding. In the closing section on conclusions and perspectives, we summarize what is known and point out the need to treat the vasculature as a system, including not only VSMCs and ECs but also the extracellular matrix and other types of cells such as resident macrophages and pericytes, so that we can fully understand the physiology and pathophysiology of the blood vessel as a whole, thus enhancing the comprehension, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Davis
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Scott Earley
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada
| | - Yi-Shuan Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, California
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Shu Chien
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, California
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
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15
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Rossin F, Ciccosanti F, D'Eletto M, Occhigrossi L, Fimia GM, Piacentini M. Type 2 transglutaminase in the nucleus: the new epigenetic face of a cytoplasmic enzyme. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:52. [PMID: 36695883 PMCID: PMC9874183 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04698-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
One of the major mysteries in science is how it is possible to pack the cellular chromatin with a total length of over 1 m, into a small sphere with a diameter of 5 mm "the nucleus", and even more difficult to envisage how to make it functional. Although we know that compaction is achieved through the histones, however, the DNA needs to be accessible to the transcription machinery and this is allowed thanks to a variety of very complex epigenetic mechanisms. Either DNA (methylation) or post-translational modifications of histone proteins (acetylation, methylation, ubiquitination and sumoylation) play a crucial role in chromatin remodelling and consequently on gene expression. Recently the serotonylation and dopaminylation of the histone 3, catalyzed by the Transglutaminase type 2 (TG2), has been reported. These novel post-translational modifications catalyzed by a predominantly cytoplasmic enzyme opens a new avenue for future investigations on the enzyme function itself and for the possibility that other biological amines, substrate of TG2, can influence the genome regulation under peculiar cellular conditions. In this review we analyzed the nuclear TG2's biology by discussing both its post-translational modification of various transcription factors and the implications of its epigenetic new face. Finally, we will focus on the potential impact of these events in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Rossin
- Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Via Della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabiola Ciccosanti
- Department of Epidemiology, Preclinical Research and Advanced Diagnostics, National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS 'L. Spallanzani', Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela D'Eletto
- Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Via Della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Occhigrossi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Gian Maria Fimia
- Department of Epidemiology, Preclinical Research and Advanced Diagnostics, National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS 'L. Spallanzani', Rome, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Piacentini
- Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Via Della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.
- Department of Epidemiology, Preclinical Research and Advanced Diagnostics, National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS 'L. Spallanzani', Rome, Italy.
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16
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Transglutaminase type 2-dependent crosslinking of IRF3 in dying melanoma cells. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:498. [PMID: 36572679 PMCID: PMC9792452 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01278-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
cGAS/STING axis is the major executor of cytosolic dsDNA sensing that leads to the production of type I interferon (IFNI) not only upon bacterial infection, but also in cancer cells, upon DNA damage. In fact, DNA damage caused by ionizing radiations and/or topoisomerase inhibitors leads to a release of free DNA into the cytosol, which activates the cGAS/STING pathway and the induction of IFNI expression. Doxorubicin-induced apoptotic cancer cells release damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), including IFNI, which are able to stimulate the immune system. Our results indicate that Transglutaminase type 2 (TG2) is directly involved in the formation of a covalent cross-linked IRF3 (Interferon regulatory factor 3) dimers, thereby limiting the production of IFNI. Indeed, we demonstrated that upon doxorubicin treatment TG2 translocates into the nucleus of apoptotic melanoma cells interacting with IRF3 dimers. Interestingly, we show that both the knockdown of the enzyme as well as the inhibition of its transamidating activity lead to a decrease in the dimerization of IRF3 correlated with an increase in the IFNI mRNA levels. Taken together, these data demonstrate that TG2 negatively regulates the IRF3 pathway in human melanoma cells suggesting a so far unknown TG2-dependent mechanism by which cancer cells reduce the IFNI production after DNA damage to limit the immune system response.
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17
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Lukasak BJ, Mitchener MM, Kong L, Dul BE, Lazarus CD, Ramakrishnan A, Ni J, Shen L, Maze I, Muir TW. TGM2-mediated histone transglutamination is dictated by steric accessibility. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2208672119. [PMID: 36256821 PMCID: PMC9618071 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2208672119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have identified serotonylation of glutamine-5 on histone H3 (H3Q5ser) as a novel posttranslational modification (PTM) associated with active transcription. While H3Q5ser is known to be installed by tissue transglutaminase 2 (TGM2), the substrate characteristics affecting deposition of the mark, at the level of both chromatin and individual nucleosomes, remain poorly understood. Here, we show that histone serotonylation is excluded from constitutive heterochromatic regions in mammalian cells. Biochemical studies reveal that the formation of higher-order chromatin structures associated with heterochromatin impose a steric barrier that is refractory to TGM2-mediated histone monoaminylation. A series of structure-activity relationship studies, including the use of DNA-barcoded nucleosome libraries, shows that steric hindrance also steers TGM2 activity at the nucleosome level, restricting monoaminylation to accessible sites within histone tails. Collectively, our data indicate that the activity of TGM2 on chromatin is dictated by substrate accessibility rather than by primary sequence determinants or by the existence of preexisting PTMs, as is the case for many other histone-modifying enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lingchun Kong
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Barbara E. Dul
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540
| | - Cole D. Lazarus
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540
| | - Aarthi Ramakrishnan
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Jizhi Ni
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540
| | - Li Shen
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- Department of Artificial Intelligence and Human Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Ian Maze
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
- HHMI, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Tom W. Muir
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540
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18
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Kolligundla LP, Gupta S, Lata S, Mulukala SKN, Killaka P, Akif M, Pasupulati AK. Identification of Novel GTP Analogs as Potent and Specific Reversible Inhibitors for Transglutaminase 2. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2022.2123917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi P. Kolligundla
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Samriddhi Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Surabhi Lata
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sandeep K. N. Mulukala
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Praneeth Killaka
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Mohd Akif
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Anil K. Pasupulati
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
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19
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Thermoresponsive Polymer Assemblies: From Molecular Design to Theranostics Application. Prog Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2022.101578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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20
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Condello S, Prasad M, Atwani R, Matei D. Tissue transglutaminase activates integrin-linked kinase and β-catenin in ovarian cancer. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102242. [PMID: 35810788 PMCID: PMC9358478 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the most lethal gynecological cancer. OC cells have high proliferative capacity, are invasive, resist apoptosis, and tumors often display rearrangement of extracellular matrix (ECM) components, contributing to accelerated tumor progression. The multifunctional protein tissue transglutaminase (TG2) is known to be secreted in the tumor microenvironment (TME), where it interacts with fibronectin (FN) and the cell surface receptor β1 integrin. However, the mechanistic role of TG2 in cancer cell proliferation is unknown. Here, we demonstrate TG2 directly interacts with and facilitates the phosphorylation and activation of the integrin effector protein integrin-linked kinase (ILK) at Ser246. We show TG2 and p-Ser246-ILK form a complex that is detectable in patient-derived OC primary cells grown on FN-coated slides. In addition, we show co-expression of TGM2 and ILK correlates with poor clinical outcome. Mechanistically, we demonstrate TG2-mediated ILK activation causes phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3α/β (GSK-3α/β), allowing β-catenin nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity. Furthermore, inhibition of TG2 and ILK using small molecules, neutralizing antibodies, or shRNA-mediated knockdown block cell adhesion to the FN matrix, as well as the Wnt receptor response to the Wnt-3A ligand, and ultimately, cell adhesion, growth, and migration. In conclusion, we demonstrate TG2 directly interacts with and activates ILK in OC cells and tumors, and define a new mechanism which links ECM cues with β-catenin signaling in OC. These results suggest a central role of TG2/FN/integrin clusters in ECM rearrangement and indicate downstream effector ILK may represent a potential new therapeutic target in OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Condello
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202; Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202.
| | - Mayuri Prasad
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202; Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Rula Atwani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202; Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Daniela Matei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611; Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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21
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Arbildi P, Rodríguez-Camejo C, Perelmuter K, Bollati-Fogolín M, Sóñora C, Hernández A. Hypoxia and inflammation conditions differentially affect the expression of tissue transglutaminase spliced variants and functional properties of extravillous trophoblast cells. Am J Reprod Immunol 2022; 87:e13534. [PMID: 35263002 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Persistent hypoxia and inflammation beyond early pregnancy are involved in a bad outcome because of defective trophoblast invasiveness. Tissue transglutaminase (TG2) coregulates several cell functions. An aberrant expression and/or transamidation activity could contribute to placental dysfunction. METHOD OF STUDY The first-trimester trophoblast cell line (Swan-71) was used to study TG2 expression and cell functions in the absence or presence of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β) or chemical hypoxia (CoCl2 ). We analyzed The concentration of cytokines in the supernatant by ELISA; Cell migration by scratch assay; NF-κB activation by detection of nuclear p65 by immunofluorescence or flow cytometry using a Swan-71 NF-κB-hrGFP reporter cell line. Tissue transglutaminase expression was analyzed by immunoblot and confocal microscopy. Expression of spliced mRNA variants of tissue transglutaminase was analyzed by RT-PCR. Transamidation activity was assessed by flow cytometry using 5-(biotinamido)-pentylamine substrate. RESULTS Chemical hypoxia and TGase inhibition, but not inflammatory stimuli, decreased Swan-71 migration. IL-6 production was also decreased by chemical hypoxia, but increased by inflammation. Intracellular TGase activity was increased by all stimuli, but NF-κB activation was observed only in the presence of proinflammatory cytokines. TG2 expression was decreased by CoCl2 and TNF-α. Translocation of TG2 and p65 to nuclei was observed only with TNF-α, without colocalization. Differential relative expression of spliced variants of mRNA was observed between CoCl2 and inflammatory stimuli. CONCLUSION The observed decrease in total TG2 expression and relative increase in short variants under hypoxia conditions could contribute to impaired trophoblast invasion and impact on pregnancy outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Arbildi
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias/Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Instituto de Higiene, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Claudio Rodríguez-Camejo
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias/Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Instituto de Higiene, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Karen Perelmuter
- Cell Biology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | - Cecilia Sóñora
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias/Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Instituto de Higiene, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Escuela Universitaria de Tecnología Médica (EUTM)-Facultad de Medicina, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ana Hernández
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias/Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Instituto de Higiene, Montevideo, Uruguay
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22
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Naselsky W, Adhikary G, Shrestha S, Chen X, Ezeka G, Xu W, Friedberg JS, Eckert RL. Transglutaminase 2 enhances hepatocyte growth factor signaling to drive the mesothelioma cancer cell phenotype. Mol Carcinog 2022; 61:537-548. [PMID: 35319795 PMCID: PMC10074999 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) is an important mesothelioma cancer cell survival protein. However, the mechanism whereby TG2 maintains mesothelioma cell survival is not well understood. We present studies showing that TG2 drives hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-dependent MET receptor signaling to maintain the aggressive mesothelioma cancer phenotype. TG2 increases HGF and MET messenger RNA and protein levels to enhance MET signaling. TG2 inactivation reduces MET tyrosine kinase activity to reduce cancer cell spheroid formation, invasion and migration. We also confirm that HGF/MET signaling is a biologically important mediator of TG2 action. Reducing MET level using genetic methods or treatment with MET inhibitors reduces spheroid formation, invasion and migration and this is associated with reduced MEK1/2 and ERK1/2. In addition, MEK1/2 and ERK1/2 inhibitors suppress the cancer phenotype. Moreover, MET knockout mesothelioma cells form 10-fold smaller tumors compared to wild-type cells and these tumors display reduced MET, MEK1/2, and ERK1/2 activity. These findings suggest that TG2 maintains HGF and MET levels in cultured mesothelioma cells and tumors to drive HGF/MET, MEK1/2, and ERK1/2 signaling to maintain the aggressive mesothelioma cancer phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren Naselsky
- Department of Surgery, Division of Thoracic Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Gautam Adhikary
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Suruchi Shrestha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Geraldine Ezeka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Wen Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Joseph S Friedberg
- Department of Surgery, Division of Thoracic Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Richard L. Eckert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Dermatology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Reproductive Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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23
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Sima LE, Matei D, Condello S. The Outside-In Journey of Tissue Transglutaminase in Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:cells11111779. [PMID: 35681474 PMCID: PMC9179582 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue transglutaminase (TG2) is a member of the transglutaminase family that catalyzes Ca2+-dependent protein crosslinks and hydrolyzes guanosine 5′-triphosphate (GTP). The conformation and functions of TG2 are regulated by Ca2+ and GTP levels; the TG2 enzymatically active open conformation is modulated by high Ca2+ concentrations, while high intracellular GTP promotes the closed conformation, with inhibition of the TG-ase activity. TG2’s unique characteristics and its ubiquitous distribution in the intracellular compartment, coupled with its secretion in the extracellular matrix, contribute to modulate the functions of the protein. Its aberrant expression has been observed in several cancer types where it was linked to metastatic progression, resistance to chemotherapy, stemness, and worse clinical outcomes. The N-terminal domain of TG2 binds to the 42 kDa gelatin-binding domain of fibronectin with high affinity, facilitating the formation of a complex with β-integrins, essential for cellular adhesion to the matrix. This mechanism allows TG2 to interact with key matrix proteins and to regulate epithelial to mesenchymal transition and stemness. Here, we highlight the current knowledge on TG2 involvement in cancer, focusing on its roles translating extracellular cues into activation of oncogenic programs. Improved understanding of these mechanisms could lead to new therapeutic strategies targeting this multi-functional protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Elena Sima
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy, 060031 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Daniela Matei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
- Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Salvatore Condello
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Correspondence:
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24
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Lénárt K, Bankó C, Ujlaki G, Póliska S, Kis G, Csősz É, Antal M, Bacso Z, Bai P, Fésüs L, Mádi A. Tissue Transglutaminase Knock-Out Preadipocytes and Beige Cells of Epididymal Fat Origin Possess Decreased Mitochondrial Functions Required for Thermogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5175. [PMID: 35563567 PMCID: PMC9105016 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Beige adipocytes with thermogenic function are activated during cold exposure in white adipose tissue through the process of browning. These cells, similar to brown adipocytes, dissipate stored chemical energy in the form of heat with the help of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). Recently, we have shown that tissue transglutaminase (TG2) knock-out mice have decreased cold tolerance in parallel with lower utilization of their epididymal adipose tissue and reduced browning. To learn more about the thermogenic function of this fat depot, we isolated preadipocytes from the epididymal adipose tissue of wild-type and TG2 knock-out mice and differentiated them in the beige direction. Although differentiation of TG2 knock-out preadipocytes is phenotypically similar to the wild-type cells, the mitochondria of the knock-out beige cells have multiple impairments including an altered electron transport system generating lower electrochemical potential difference, reduced oxygen consumption, lower UCP1 protein content, and a higher portion of fragmented mitochondria. Most of these differences are present in preadipocytes as well, and the differentiation process cannot overcome the functional disadvantages completely. TG2 knock-out beige adipocytes produce more iodothyronine deiodinase 3 (DIO3) which may inactivate thyroid hormones required for the establishment of optimal mitochondrial function. The TG2 knock-out preadipocytes and beige cells are both hypometabolic as compared with the wild-type controls which may also be explained by the lower expression of solute carrier proteins SLC25A45, SLC25A47, and SLC25A42 which transport acylcarnitine, Co-A, and amino acids into the mitochondrial matrix. As a consequence, the mitochondria in TG2 knock-out beige adipocytes probably cannot reach the energy-producing threshold required for normal thermogenic functions, which may contribute to the decreased cold tolerance of TG2 knock-out mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Lénárt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1., H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (K.L.); (S.P.); (É.C.); (L.F.)
- Doctoral School of Molecular Cell and Immune Biology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1., H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Csaba Bankó
- Doctoral School of Molecular Cell and Immune Biology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1., H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1., H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Gyula Ujlaki
- NKFIH-DE Lendület Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1., H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (G.U.); (P.B.)
| | - Szilárd Póliska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1., H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (K.L.); (S.P.); (É.C.); (L.F.)
| | - Gréta Kis
- Department of Anatomy, Histology Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1., H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (G.K.); (M.A.)
| | - Éva Csősz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1., H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (K.L.); (S.P.); (É.C.); (L.F.)
| | - Miklós Antal
- Department of Anatomy, Histology Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1., H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (G.K.); (M.A.)
| | - Zsolt Bacso
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1., H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Péter Bai
- NKFIH-DE Lendület Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1., H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (G.U.); (P.B.)
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1., H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Fésüs
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1., H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (K.L.); (S.P.); (É.C.); (L.F.)
| | - András Mádi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1., H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (K.L.); (S.P.); (É.C.); (L.F.)
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Lin HH, Ng KF, Chen TC, Tseng WY. Ligands and Beyond: Mechanosensitive Adhesion GPCRs. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15020219. [PMID: 35215331 PMCID: PMC8878244 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells respond to diverse types of mechanical stimuli using a wide range of plasma membrane-associated mechanosensitive receptors to convert extracellular mechanical cues into intracellular signaling. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent the largest cell surface protein superfamily that function as versatile sensors for a broad spectrum of bio/chemical messages. In recent years, accumulating evidence has shown that GPCRs can also engage in mechano-transduction. According to the GRAFS classification system of GPCRs, adhesion GPCRs (aGPCRs) constitute the second largest GPCR subfamily with a unique modular protein architecture and post-translational modification that are well adapted for mechanosensory functions. Here, we present a critical review of current evidence on mechanosensitive aGPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsi-Hsien Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (K.-F.N.); (T.-C.C.)
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Keelung, Keelung 20401, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (H.-H.L.); (W.-Y.T.)
| | - Kwai-Fong Ng
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (K.-F.N.); (T.-C.C.)
| | - Tse-Ching Chen
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (K.-F.N.); (T.-C.C.)
| | - Wen-Yi Tseng
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Keelung, Keelung 20401, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (H.-H.L.); (W.-Y.T.)
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26
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Erythrocyte transglutaminase-2 combats hypoxia and chronic kidney disease by promoting oxygen delivery and carnitine homeostasis. Cell Metab 2022; 34:299-316.e6. [PMID: 35108516 PMCID: PMC9380699 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Due to lack of nuclei and de novo protein synthesis, post-translational modification (PTM) is imperative for erythrocytes to regulate oxygen (O2) delivery and combat tissue hypoxia. Here, we report that erythrocyte transglutminase-2 (eTG2)-mediated PTM is essential to trigger O2 delivery by promoting bisphosphoglycerate mutase proteostasis and the Rapoport-Luebering glycolytic shunt for adaptation to hypoxia, in healthy humans ascending to high altitude and in two distinct murine models of hypoxia. In a pathological hypoxia model with chronic kidney disease (CKD), eTG2 is critical to combat renal hypoxia-induced reduction of Slc22a5 transcription and OCNT2 protein levels via HIF-1α-PPARα signaling to maintain carnitine homeostasis. Carnitine supplementation is an effective and safe therapeutic approach to counteract hypertension and progression of CKD by enhancing erythrocyte O2 delivery. Altogether, we reveal eTG2 as an erythrocyte protein stabilizer orchestrating O2 delivery and tissue adaptive metabolic reprogramming and identify carnitine-based therapy to mitigate hypoxia and CKD progression.
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27
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Chen S, Ma J, Chi J, Zhang B, Zheng X, Chen J, Liu J. Roles and potential clinical implications of tissue transglutaminase in cardiovascular diseases. Pharmacol Res 2022; 177:106085. [PMID: 35033646 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related mortality and morbidity are among the most critical disease burdens worldwide. CVDs encompass many diseases and involve complex pathogenesis and pathological changes. While research on these diseases has advanced significantly, treatments and their efficacy remain rather limited. New therapeutic strategies and targets must, therefore, be explored. Tissue transglutaminase (TG2) is pivotal to the pathological development of CVDs, including participating in the cross-linking of extracellular proteins, activation of fibroblasts, hypertrophy and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes, proliferation and migration of smooth muscle cells (SMCs), and inflammatory reactions. Regulating TG2 activity and expression could ensure remarkable improvements in disorders like heart failure (HF), pulmonary hypertension (PH), hypertension, and coronary atherosclerosis. In this review, we summarize recent advances in TG2: we discuss its role and mechanisms in the progression of various CVDs and its potential as a diagnostic and therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jingwei Ma
- Department of Immunology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jiangyang Chi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Bingxia Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xiaojuan Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210003, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Junwei Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
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28
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Rayavara K, Kurosky A, Hosakote YM. Respiratory syncytial virus infection induces the release of transglutaminase 2 from human airway epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2022; 322:L1-L12. [PMID: 34704843 PMCID: PMC8721898 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00013.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an important human pathogen that causes severe lower respiratory tract infections in young children, the elderly, and the immunocompromised, yet no effective treatments or vaccines are available. The precise mechanism underlying RSV-induced acute airway disease and associated sequelae are not fully understood; however, early lung inflammatory and immune events are thought to play a major role in the outcome of the disease. Moreover, oxidative stress responses in the airways play a key role in the pathogenesis of RSV. Oxidative stress has been shown to elevate cytosolic calcium (Ca2+) levels, which in turn activate Ca2+-dependent enzymes, including transglutaminase 2 (TG2). Transglutaminase 2 is a multifunctional cross-linking enzyme implicated in various physiological and pathological conditions; however, its involvement in respiratory virus-induced airway inflammation is largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that RSV-induced oxidative stress promotes enhanced activation and release of TG2 from human lung epithelial cells as a result of its translocation from the cytoplasm and subsequent release into the extracellular space, which was mediated by Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 and NF-κB pathways. Antioxidant treatment significantly inhibited RSV-induced TG2 extracellular release and activation via blocking viral replication. Also, treatment of RSV-infected lung epithelial cells with TG2 inhibitor significantly reduced RSV-induced matrix metalloprotease activities. These results suggested that RSV-induced oxidative stress activates innate immune receptors in the airways, such as TLRs, that can activate TG2 via the NF-κB pathway to promote cross-linking of extracellular matrix proteins, resulting in enhanced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kempaiah Rayavara
- 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Alexander Kurosky
- 2Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Yashoda M. Hosakote
- 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
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29
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Maamra M, Benayad OM, Matthews D, Kettleborough C, Atkinson J, Cain K, Bon H, Brand H, Parkinson M, Watson PF, Johnson TS. Transglutaminase 2: Development of therapeutic antibodies reveals four inhibitory epitopes and confirms extracellular function in fibrotic remodelling. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 179:2697-2712. [PMID: 34879432 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Transglutaminase type 2 (TG2) catalyses formation of ε-(γ-glutamyl)-lysine bonds between proteins, including those of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Elevated extracellular TG2 leads to accelerated ECM deposition and reduced clearance that underlies tissue scarring and fibrosis. Many transglutaminase inhibitors exist and allowed for proof-of-concept studies in disease models, but their lack of specificity for the TG2 isoform, and/or poor pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic properties have limited their clinical application. We hypothesised that a high affinity TG2-specific antibody could be developed to specifically inhibit extracellular TG2 activity, with characteristics suitable for therapeutic development. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Individual human TG2 domains were used to immunise mice and generate hybridomas. Supernatants were screened for inhibition of recombinant human TG2 activity, with TG2 specificity determined by ELISA. KEY RESULTS Thirteen TG2-specific supernatants inhibited human transamidation activity. Each hybridoma was cloned and antibody mapped to an epitope in the TG2 core domain, using phage display panning of a TG2 fragment library. Four distinct inhibitory epitopes were determined. The most effective antibodies (AB1, DC1 and BB7) bound to amino acids 313-327 (catalytic core), with an IC50 of approximately 10 nM. The antibodies inhibit TG2 in human cells and block ECM accumulation in a primary human proximal tubular epithelial cell model of fibrosis, only 7 antibodies inhibited rat TG2, and all with higher IC50 values. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS We identified a preferred inhibitory epitope in human TG2, developed antibodies with required characteristics for clinical development, and established that targeted inhibition of extracellular TG2 transamidation activity is sufficient to modify fibrotic remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mabrouka Maamra
- Department of Oncology and Human Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Osama Mehdi Benayad
- Academic Nephrology Unit (Sheffield Kidney Institute), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | | | - John Atkinson
- Academic Nephrology Unit (Sheffield Kidney Institute), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Philip F Watson
- Department of Oncology and Human Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Timothy S Johnson
- Academic Nephrology Unit (Sheffield Kidney Institute), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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30
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Sima LE, Chen S, Cardenas H, Zhao G, Wang Y, Ivan C, Huang H, Zhang B, Matei D. Loss of host tissue transglutaminase boosts antitumor T cell immunity by altering STAT1/STAT3 phosphorylation in ovarian cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2021-002682. [PMID: 34593619 PMCID: PMC8487211 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-002682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tissue transglutaminase (TG2), an enzyme overexpressed in cancer cells, promotes metastasis and resistance to chemotherapy. Its distinct effects in cancer versus the host compartments have not been elucidated. METHODS Here, by using a TG2-/- syngeneic ovarian cancer mouse model, we assessed the effects of TG2 deficiency in the host tissues on antitumor immunity and tumor progression. Multicolor flow cytometry was used to phenotype immune cell populations in the peritoneal environment. Cancer cells recovered from malignant ascites were characterized by RNA sequencing, proliferation, and apoptosis assays. RESULTS We observed that host TG2 loss delayed tumor growth and ascites accumulation and caused increased infiltration of CD8+ T cells and decreased numbers of myeloid cells in the peritoneal fluid. Tumor antigen-specific CD8+ T cell cytotoxic responses were enhanced in ascites from TG2-/- versus TG2+/+ mice and CD8+ T cell depletion caused accelerated ascites accumulation in TG2-/- mice. CD8+ T cells from tumor-bearing TG2-/- mice displayed an effector T cell phenotype, differentiated toward effector memory (Tem). Mechanistically, absence of TG2 augmented signals promoting T cell activation, such as increased cytokine-induced STAT1 and attenuated STAT3 phosphorylation in T cells. Additionally, immune-suppressive myeloid cell populations were reduced in the peritoneal milieu of TG2-/- tumor-bearing mice. In response to the more robust immune response caused by loss of TG2, cancer cells growing intraperitoneally exhibited an interferon-γ(IFN-γ) responsive gene signature and underwent apoptosis. In human specimens, stromal, not tumor, TG2 expression correlated indirectly with numbers of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our data demonstrate decreased tumor burden, increased activation and effector function of T cells, and loss of immunosuppressive signals in the tumor microenvironment of TG2-/- mice. We propose that TG2 acts as an attenuator of antitumor T cell immunity and is a new immunomodulatory target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Elena Sima
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Siqi Chen
- Department of Medicine; Hematology/Oncology Division, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Horacio Cardenas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Guangyuan Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Yinu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Cristina Ivan
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hao Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Medicine; Hematology/Oncology Division, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA .,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Daniela Matei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA .,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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31
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D'Arcy MS, Pike CVS, Coussons PJ. A novel combined resveratrol/berberine phytochemotheraputic using the HePG2 cell line as a model for the treatment of hepatocarcinoma. Cell Biol Int 2021; 45:2499-2509. [PMID: 34460138 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The results presented herein show that at clinically relevant concentrations (0-30 µM), the well-tolerated phytochemical berberine (BER) induces cell death in cultured human hepatocarcinoma (HepG2) cells as a model for liver cancer, primarily via apoptosis. Similar, relatively low-concentration single treatments using the structurally related phytochemical resveratrol (RSV), had little or no effect on cell viability but inhibited the cell cycle, while simultaneously increasing the strength of cellular adhesion. When used in combination, an RSV/BER cotreatment appeared to retain the ability of a single RSV treatment to increase cellular adhesion, but also induced a massive loss in hepatocarcinoma cellular viability, inducing cell death in more than 90% of cells. This model, therefore, suggests that it may be possible to use RSV to stabilise hepatocarcinomas against metastasis while using cotreatment with BER to simultaneously induce cell death. By measuring the changes in the activity of the pleiotropic enzyme transglutaminase 2 (TGM2), which is known to be overexpressed in hepatocarcinoma and many other tumours, we hypothesise a role for this enzyme in the activities of these two phytochemicals, and propose the potential use of this RSV/BER cotreatment as a chemotherapeutic in TGM2+ hepatocarcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S D'Arcy
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University (ARU), Cambridge, UK
| | - Claire V S Pike
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University (ARU), Cambridge, UK
| | - Peter J Coussons
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University (ARU), Cambridge, UK
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32
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Schulze-Krebs A, Canneva F, Stemick J, Plank AC, Harrer J, Bates GP, Aeschlimann D, Steffan JS, von Hörsten S. Transglutaminase 6 Is Colocalized and Interacts with Mutant Huntingtin in Huntington Disease Rodent Animal Models. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8914. [PMID: 34445621 PMCID: PMC8396294 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian transglutaminases (TGs) catalyze calcium-dependent irreversible posttranslational modifications of proteins and their enzymatic activities contribute to the pathogenesis of several human neurodegenerative diseases. Although different transglutaminases are found in many different tissues, the TG6 isoform is mostly expressed in the CNS. The present study was embarked on/undertaken to investigate expression, distribution and activity of transglutaminases in Huntington disease transgenic rodent models, with a focus on analyzing the involvement of TG6 in the age- and genotype-specific pathological features relating to disease progression in HD transgenic mice and a tgHD transgenic rat model using biochemical, histological and functional assays. Our results demonstrate the physical interaction between TG6 and (mutant) huntingtin by co-immunoprecipitation analysis and the contribution of its enzymatic activity for the total aggregate load in SH-SY5Y cells. In addition, we identify that TG6 expression and activity are especially abundant in the olfactory tubercle and piriform cortex, the regions displaying the highest amount of mHTT aggregates in transgenic rodent models of HD. Furthermore, mHTT aggregates were colocalized within TG6-positive cells. These findings point towards a role of TG6 in disease pathogenesis via mHTT aggregate formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Schulze-Krebs
- Experimental Therapy, Preclinical Experimental Center, University Hospital Erlangen (UKEr), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (F.C.); (A.-C.P.); (J.H.); (S.v.H.)
| | - Fabio Canneva
- Experimental Therapy, Preclinical Experimental Center, University Hospital Erlangen (UKEr), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (F.C.); (A.-C.P.); (J.H.); (S.v.H.)
| | - Judith Stemick
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen (UKEr), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Anne-Christine Plank
- Experimental Therapy, Preclinical Experimental Center, University Hospital Erlangen (UKEr), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (F.C.); (A.-C.P.); (J.H.); (S.v.H.)
| | - Julia Harrer
- Experimental Therapy, Preclinical Experimental Center, University Hospital Erlangen (UKEr), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (F.C.); (A.-C.P.); (J.H.); (S.v.H.)
| | - Gillian P. Bates
- Huntington’s Disease Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK;
| | - Daniel Aeschlimann
- Matrix Biology and Tissue Repair Research Unit, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XY, UK;
| | - Joan S. Steffan
- Institute of Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA;
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Stephan von Hörsten
- Experimental Therapy, Preclinical Experimental Center, University Hospital Erlangen (UKEr), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (F.C.); (A.-C.P.); (J.H.); (S.v.H.)
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Inhibition of the lncRNA Coded within Transglutaminase 2 Gene Impacts Several Relevant Networks in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells. Noncoding RNA 2021; 7:ncrna7030049. [PMID: 34449674 PMCID: PMC8395837 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna7030049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs are nucleotide molecules that regulate transcription in numerous cellular processes and are related to the occurrence of many diseases, including cancer. In this regard, we recently discovered a polyadenylated long non-coding RNA (named TG2-lncRNA) encoded within the first intron of the Transglutaminase type 2 gene (TGM2), which is related to tumour proliferation in human cancer cell lines. To better characterize this new biological player, we investigated the effects of its suppression in MCF-7 breast cancer cells, using siRNA treatment and RNA-sequencing. In this way, we found modifications in several networks associated to biological functions relevant for tumorigenesis (apoptosis, chronic inflammation, angiogenesis, immunomodulation, cell mobility, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition) that were originally attributed only to Transglutaminase type 2 protein but that could be regulated also by TG2-lncRNA. Moreover, our experiments strongly suggest the ability of TG2-lncRNA to directly interact with important transcription factors, such as RXRα and TP53, paving the way for several regulatory loops that can potentially influence the phenotypic behaviour of MCF-7 cells. These considerations imply the need to further investigate the relative relevance of the TG2 protein itself and/or other gene products as key regulators in the organization of breast cancer program.
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Occhigrossi L, D’Eletto M, Barlev N, Rossin F. The Multifaceted Role of HSF1 in Pathophysiology: Focus on Its Interplay with TG2. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126366. [PMID: 34198675 PMCID: PMC8232231 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular environment needs to be strongly regulated and the maintenance of protein homeostasis is crucial for cell function and survival. HSF1 is the main regulator of the heat shock response (HSR), the master pathway required to maintain proteostasis, as involved in the expression of the heat shock proteins (HSPs). HSF1 plays numerous physiological functions; however, the main role concerns the modulation of HSPs synthesis in response to stress. Alterations in HSF1 function impact protein homeostasis and are strongly linked to diseases, such as neurodegenerative disorders, metabolic diseases, and different types of cancers. In this context, type 2 Transglutaminase (TG2), a ubiquitous enzyme activated during stress condition has been shown to promote HSF1 activation. HSF1-TG2 axis regulates the HSR and its function is evolutionary conserved and implicated in pathological conditions. In this review, we discuss the role of HSF1 in the maintenance of proteostasis with regard to the HSF1-TG2 axis and we dissect the stress response pathways implicated in physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Occhigrossi
- Department of Biology, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, 00133 Rome, Italy; (L.O.); (M.D.)
| | - Manuela D’Eletto
- Department of Biology, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, 00133 Rome, Italy; (L.O.); (M.D.)
| | - Nickolai Barlev
- Institute of Cytology, 194064 Saint-Petersburg, Russia;
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT), 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Federica Rossin
- Institute of Cytology, 194064 Saint-Petersburg, Russia;
- Correspondence:
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Sagar NA, Tarafdar S, Agarwal S, Tarafdar A, Sharma S. Polyamines: Functions, Metabolism, and Role in Human Disease Management. Med Sci (Basel) 2021; 9:44. [PMID: 34207607 PMCID: PMC8293435 DOI: 10.3390/medsci9020044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Putrescine, spermine, and spermidine are the important polyamines (PAs), found in all living organisms. PAs are formed by the decarboxylation of amino acids, and they facilitate cell growth and development via different cellular responses. PAs are the integrated part of the cellular and genetic metabolism and help in transcription, translation, signaling, and post-translational modifications. At the cellular level, PA concentration may influence the condition of various diseases in the body. For instance, a high PA level is detrimental to patients suffering from aging, cognitive impairment, and cancer. The levels of PAs decline with age in humans, which is associated with different health disorders. On the other hand, PAs reduce the risk of many cardiovascular diseases and increase longevity, when taken in an optimum quantity. Therefore, a controlled diet is an easy way to maintain the level of PAs in the body. Based on the nutritional intake of PAs, healthy cell functioning can be maintained. Moreover, several diseases can also be controlled to a higher extend via maintaining the metabolism of PAs. The present review discusses the types, important functions, and metabolism of PAs in humans. It also highlights the nutritional role of PAs in the prevention of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narashans Alok Sagar
- Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Sonepat 131028, Haryana, India
- Food Microbiology Lab, Division of Livestock Products Technology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Swarnava Tarafdar
- Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, All India Institute of Medical Science, Rishikesh 249203, Uttarakhand, India;
| | - Surbhi Agarwal
- Department of Hematology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India;
| | - Ayon Tarafdar
- Livestock Production and Management Section, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India;
| | - Sunil Sharma
- Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Sonepat 131028, Haryana, India
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Voisine J, Abadie V. Interplay Between Gluten, HLA, Innate and Adaptive Immunity Orchestrates the Development of Coeliac Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 12:674313. [PMID: 34149709 PMCID: PMC8206552 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.674313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Several environmental, genetic, and immune factors create a "perfect storm" for the development of coeliac disease: the antigen gluten, the strong association of coeliac disease with HLA, the deamidation of gluten peptides by the enzyme transglutaminase 2 (TG2) generating peptides that bind strongly to the predisposing HLA-DQ2 or HLA-DQ8 molecules, and the ensuing unrestrained T cell response. T cell immunity is at the center of the disease contributing to the inflammatory process through the loss of tolerance to gluten and the differentiation of HLA-DQ2 or HLA-DQ8-restricted anti-gluten inflammatory CD4+ T cells secreting pro-inflammatory cytokines and to the killing of intestinal epithelial cells by cytotoxic intraepithelial CD8+ lymphocytes. However, recent studies emphasize that the individual contribution of each of these cell subsets is not sufficient and that interactions between these different populations of T cells and the simultaneous activation of innate and adaptive immune pathways in distinct gut compartments are required to promote disease immunopathology. In this review, we will discuss how tissue destruction in the context of coeliac disease results from the complex interactions between gluten, HLA molecules, TG2, and multiple innate and adaptive immune components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Voisine
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.,Committee on Immunology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Valérie Abadie
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.,Section of Gastroenterology, Nutrition and Hepatology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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Perez DM. Current Developments on the Role of α 1-Adrenergic Receptors in Cognition, Cardioprotection, and Metabolism. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:652152. [PMID: 34113612 PMCID: PMC8185284 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.652152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The α1-adrenergic receptors (ARs) are G-protein coupled receptors that bind the endogenous catecholamines, norepinephrine, and epinephrine. They play a key role in the regulation of the sympathetic nervous system along with β and α2-AR family members. While all of the adrenergic receptors bind with similar affinity to the catecholamines, they can regulate different physiologies and pathophysiologies in the body because they couple to different G-proteins and signal transduction pathways, commonly in opposition to one another. While α1-AR subtypes (α1A, α1B, α1C) have long been known to be primary regulators of vascular smooth muscle contraction, blood pressure, and cardiac hypertrophy, their role in neurotransmission, improving cognition, protecting the heart during ischemia and failure, and regulating whole body and organ metabolism are not well known and are more recent developments. These advancements have been made possible through the development of transgenic and knockout mouse models and more selective ligands to advance their research. Here, we will review the recent literature to provide new insights into these physiological functions and possible use as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianne M Perez
- The Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, United States
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38
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Jeong HC, Park JE, Seo Y, Kim MG, Shin KH. Urinary Metabolomic Profiling after Administration of Corydalis Tuber and Pharbitis Seed Extract in Healthy Korean Volunteers. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:522. [PMID: 33918785 PMCID: PMC8069993 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13040522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacometabolomics is a useful tool to identify biomarkers that can assess and predict response after drug administration. The primary purpose of pharmacometabolomics is to better understand the mechanisms and pathways of a drug by searching endogenous metabolites that have significantly changed after drug administration. DA-9701, a prokinetic agent, consists of Pharbitis seed and Corydalis tube extract and it is known to improve the gastrointestinal motility. Although the overall mechanism of action of DA-9701 remains unclear, its active ingredients, corydaline and chlorogenic acid, act as a 5-HT3 and D2 receptor antagonist and 5-HT4 receptor agonist. To determine the significant metabolites after the administration of DA-9701, a qualitative analysis was carried out using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with orbitrap mass spectrometer followed by a multivariate analysis. Seven candidates were selected and a statistical analysis of fold change was performed over time. Our study concluded that all the seven selected metabolites were commonly involved in lipid metabolism and purine metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon-Cheol Jeong
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (H.-C.J.); (Y.S.)
| | | | - Yohan Seo
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (H.-C.J.); (Y.S.)
| | - Min-Gul Kim
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology and Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54907, Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54907, Korea
| | - Kwang-Hee Shin
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (H.-C.J.); (Y.S.)
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Oliverio S, Beltran JSO, Occhigrossi L, Bordoni V, Agrati C, D'Eletto M, Rossin F, Borelli P, Amarante-Mendes GP, Demidov O, Barlev NA, Piacentini M. Transglutaminase Type 2 is Involved in the Hematopoietic Stem Cells Homeostasis. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2021; 85:1159-1168. [PMID: 33202201 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297920100041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 transglutaminase (TG2) is a multifunctional protein involved in various biological processes playing a key regulatory role in cell homeostasis such as cell death and autophagy. New evidence is emerging that support an important role of autophagy in regulating normal hematopoiesis. Prompted by these findings, in this study we investigated in vivo involvement of TG2 in mouse hematopoiesis under normal or nutrient deprivation conditions. We found that the number and rate of differentiation of bone marrow hematopoietic stem cell was decreased in the TG2 knockout mice. We present evidence showing that these effects on hematopoietic system are very likely due to the TG2-dependent impairment of autophagy. In fact, stimulation of autophagy by starvation is able to rescue the block of the differentiation of stem cells progenitors in the TG2 KO mice. It was also shown that the RhoA/ERK½ pathway, known to be essential for regulation of the bone marrow progenitor cells homeostasis, was significantly impaired in the absence of TG2. Hence, this study expanded our knowledge about TG2 discovering a role of this enzyme in regulation of hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Oliverio
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - J S O Beltran
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, 00133, Italy.,Clinical and Experimental Hematology Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L Occhigrossi
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - V Bordoni
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases I. R. C. C. S. "Lazzaro Spallanzani" Rome, 00149, Italy
| | - C Agrati
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases I. R. C. C. S. "Lazzaro Spallanzani" Rome, 00149, Italy
| | - M D'Eletto
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - F Rossin
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - P Borelli
- Clinical and Experimental Hematology Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - G P Amarante-Mendes
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - O Demidov
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St.-Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - N A Barlev
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St.-Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - M Piacentini
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, 00133, Italy. .,National Institute for Infectious Diseases I. R. C. C. S. "Lazzaro Spallanzani" Rome, 00149, Italy.,Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St.-Petersburg, 194064, Russia
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40
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Liu J, Liu Q, Zhang X, Cui M, Li T, Zhang Y, Liao Q. Immune subtyping for pancreatic cancer with implication in clinical outcomes and improving immunotherapy. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:137. [PMID: 33637086 PMCID: PMC7908647 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01824-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Emerging evidence has shown that intra-tumor immune features are associated with response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. Accordingly, patient stratification is needed for identifying target patients and designing strategies to improve the efficacy of ICB therapy. We aimed to depict the specific immune features of patients with pancreatic cancer and explore the implication of immune diversity in prognostic prediction and individualized immunotherapy. Methods From transcriptional profiles of 383 tumor samples in TCGA, ICGC, and GEO database, robust immune subtypes which had different response immunotherapy, including ICB therapy, were identified by consensus clustering with five gene modules. DEGs analysis and tumor microarray were used to screen and demonstrate potential targets for improving ICB therapy. Results Three subtypes of pancreatic cancer, namely cluster 1–3 (C1–C3), characterized with distinct immune features and prognosis, were generated. Of that, subtype C1 was an immune-cold type in lack of immune regulators, subtype C2, with an immunosuppression-dominated phenotype characterized by robust TGFβ signaling and stromal reaction, showed the worst prognosis, subtype C3 was an immune-hot type, with massive immune cell infiltration and in abundance of immune regulators. The disparity of immune features uncovered the discrepant applicability of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy and potential sensitivity to other alternative immunotherapy for each subtype. Patients in C3 were more suitable for anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy, while patients in the other two clusters may need combined strategies targeted on other immune checkpoints or oncogenic pathways. A promising target for improving anti-PD-1/PD-L1 treatment, TGM2, was screened out and its role in the regulation of PD-L1 was investigated for the first time. Conclusion Collectively, immune features of pancreatic cancer contribute to distinct immunosuppressive mechanisms that are responsible for individualized immunotherapy. Despite pancreatic cancer being considered as a poor immunogenic cancer type, the derived immune subtypes may have implications in tailored designing of immunotherapy for the patients. TGM2 has potential synergistic roles with ICB therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingkai Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Qiaofei Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Ming Cui
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Tong Li
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yalu Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Quan Liao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China.
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Dodt K, Driessen MD, Lamer S, Schlosser A, Lühmann T, Meinel L. A Complete and Versatile Protocol: Decoration of Cell-Derived Matrices with Mass-Encoded Peptides for Multiplexed Protease Activity Detection. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:6598-6617. [PMID: 33320595 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This article provides guidance toward a platform technology for monitoring enzyme activity within the extracellular matrix (ECM) assessed by quantifying reporters secreted into the cell culture supernatant and analyzed by tandem mass spectrometry. The reporters are enzymatically and covalently bound to the ECM by transglutaminases (TG) using the peptide sequence of human insulin-like growth factor I's (IGF-I) D-domain which is known to be bound to the ECM by transglutaminase. The IGF-I D-domain sequence is followed by a peptide sequence cleaved by the intended target protease. This protease-sensitive peptide sequence (PSS) is cleaved off the ECM and can be used to monitor target-enzyme activity by employing a downstream mass tag designed according to isobaric mass encoding strategies, i.e., the combination of isotopically labeled, heavy amino acids. Thereby, cleavage events are linked to the appearance of encoded mass tags, readily allowing multiplexing. This article presents the design and synthesis of these mass reporters. It further aims at detailing the search for peptide sequences responding to target proteases to facilitate future work on enzyme activity measurement for enzymatic activities of hitherto unknown enzymes. In conclusion, the goal of this article is to arm scientists interested in measurements of local enzymatic activities within the ECM with robust protocols and background knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Dodt
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Marc D Driessen
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Lamer
- Rudolf-Virchow-Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Wuerzburg, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Schlosser
- Rudolf-Virchow-Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Wuerzburg, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Tessa Lühmann
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Lorenz Meinel
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Wuerzburg, Germany
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Damaghi M, Mori H, Byrne S, Xu L, Chen T, Johnson J, Gallant ND, Marusyk A, Borowsky AD, Gillies RJ. Collagen production and niche engineering: A novel strategy for cancer cells to survive acidosis in DCIS and evolve. Evol Appl 2020; 13:2689-2703. [PMID: 33294017 PMCID: PMC7691473 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing tumors are dynamic and nonlinear ecosystems, wherein cancer cells adapt to their local microenvironment, and these adaptations further modify the environment, inducing more changes. From nascent intraductal neoplasms to disseminated metastatic disease, several levels of evolutionary adaptations and selections occur. Here, we focus on one example of such an adaptation mechanism, namely, "niche construction" promoted by adaptation to acidosis, which is a metabolic adaptation to the early harsh environment in intraductal neoplasms. The avascular characteristics of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) make the periluminal volume profoundly acidic, and cancer cells must adapt to this to survive. Based on discovery proteomics, we hypothesized that a component of acid adaptation involves production of collagen by pre-cancer cells that remodels the extracellular matrix (ECM) and stabilizes cells under acid stress. The proteomic data were surprising as collagen production and deposition are commonly believed to be the responsibility of mesenchymally derived fibroblasts, and not cells of epithelial origin. Subsequent experiments in 3D culture, spinning disk and second harmonic generation microscopy of DCIS lesions in patients' samples are concordant. Collagen production assay by acid-adapted cells in vitro demonstrated that the mechanism of induction involves the RAS and SMAD pathways. Secretome analyses show upregulation of ECM remodeling enzymes such as TGM2 and LOXL2 that are collagen crosslinkers. These data strongly indicate that acidosis in incipient cancers induces collagen production by cancer cells and support the hypothesis that this adaptation initiates a tumor-permissive microenvironment promoting survival and growth of nascent cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Damaghi
- Department of Cancer PhysiologyMoffitt Cancer Center and Research InstituteTampaFLUSA
- Department of Oncologic SciencesMorsani College of MedicineUniversity of South FloridaTampaFLUSA
| | - Hidetoshi Mori
- Center for Immunology and Infectious DiseasesComprehensive Cancer CenterDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineSchool of MedicineUniversity of California, DavisSacramentoCAUSA
| | - Samantha Byrne
- Department of Cancer PhysiologyMoffitt Cancer Center and Research InstituteTampaFLUSA
| | - Liping Xu
- Department of Cancer PhysiologyMoffitt Cancer Center and Research InstituteTampaFLUSA
| | - Tingan Chen
- Analytic Microscopy CoreMoffitt Cancer Center and Research InstituteTampaFLUSA
| | - Joseph Johnson
- Analytic Microscopy CoreMoffitt Cancer Center and Research InstituteTampaFLUSA
| | - Nathan D. Gallant
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of South FloridaTampaFLUSA
| | - Andriy Marusyk
- Department of Cancer PhysiologyMoffitt Cancer Center and Research InstituteTampaFLUSA
| | - Alexander D. Borowsky
- Center for Immunology and Infectious DiseasesComprehensive Cancer CenterDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineSchool of MedicineUniversity of California, DavisSacramentoCAUSA
| | - Robert J. Gillies
- Department of Cancer PhysiologyMoffitt Cancer Center and Research InstituteTampaFLUSA
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Patra SK. Emerging histone glutamine modifications mediated gene expression in cell differentiation and the VTA reward pathway. Gene 2020; 768:145323. [PMID: 33221535 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Gene expression is the key to cellular functions and homeostasis. Histone modifications regulate chromatin dynamics and gene expression. Neuronal cell functions largely depend on fluxes of neurotransmitters for activation of chromatin and gene expression. New studies by Lepack et al. and Farrelly et al. recently demonstrated how tissue transglutaminase 2 (TGM2) mediated histone glutamine modifications, either dopaminylation in the dopaminergic reward pathway or serotonylation in the context of cellular differentiation and signaling regulate gene expression and decipher striking differences from their known functions. This opens new avenues of research in the field of epigenetics in general and neuroepigenetics as special; and to find out the enzymes responsible for the reversible reaction of histone de-dopaminylation and de-serotonylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Kumar Patra
- Epigenetics and Cancer Research Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India.
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44
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Wang J, Xu H, Cheng X, Yang J, Yan Z, Ma H, Zhao Y, Ommati MM, Manthari RK, Wang J. Calcium relieves fluoride-induced bone damage through the PI3K/AKT pathway. Food Funct 2020; 11:1155-1164. [PMID: 31872845 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02491c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Bone is the main target of fluorosis, and it has been perfectly elaborated that a moderate dosage of calcium (Ca) can alleviate bone fluorosis. However, whether Ca can alleviate fluorosis through the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway has not yet been reported. Hence, we evaluated the histopathological structure, the imbalance of the biochemical index of bone metabolism, and the expression levels of PI3K/AKT apoptosis signaling pathway-related genes in rats treated with sodium fluoride (NaF, F) and/or calcium carbonate (CaCO3) for 120 days. Our results suggest that 100 mg L-1 NaF induced histopathological injury as alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (StrACP) activity increased, with a decrease in the serum Ca levels (p < 0.05). Moreover, the results of qRT-PCR and western blotting showed that F increased the expression levels of transglutaminase 2 (TGM2), focal adhesion kinase (FAK), PI3K, AKT, forkhead box O1 (Foxo1), Bcl-2 interacting mediator of cell death (BIM), Bcl2-associated x protein (Bax) and Caspase 3 (p < 0.05, p < 0.01). It also decreased the expression of AnnexinA5 (Anxa5), 3'-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 (PDK1) and B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) (p < 0.05, p < 0.01), which finally activated the PI3K/AKT pathway. On the other hand, CaCO3 supplementation reversed the histopathological injury along with the levels of ALP, StrACP and serum Ca, alleviating the gene expression levels of PI3K/AKT pathway-related markers. Altogether, we can conclude that CaCO3 supplementation mitigated F-induced bone damage via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinming Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, PR China
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Gupta G, Singh Y, Tiwari J, Raizaday A, Alharbi KS, Al-Abbasi FA, Kazmi I, Satija S, Tambuwala MM, Devkota HP, Krishnan A, Chellappan DK, Dua K. Beta-catenin non-canonical pathway: A potential target for inflammatory and hyperproliferative state via expression of transglutaminase 2 in psoriatic skin keratinocyte. Dermatol Ther 2020; 33:e14209. [PMID: 32816372 DOI: 10.1111/dth.14209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic, local as well as a systemic, inflammatory skin condition. Psoriasis influences the quality of life up to 3.8% of the population and occurs often between 15 and 30 years of age. Specific causes are linked to psoriasis, including the interleukin IL-23/IL-17 Axis, human antigen leucocyte (HLA), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Secukinumab is a monoclonal antibody that specifically binds and neutralizes IL-17A required in the treatment of Psoriasis. The signaling pathways of Wnt govern multiple functions of cell-like fate specification, proliferation, polarity, migration, differentiation with their signaling controlled rigorously, given that dysregulation caused by various stimuli, can lead to alterations in cell proliferation, apoptosis, and human inflammatory disease. Current data has supported non-canonical Wnt signaling pathways in psoriasis development, particularly Wnt5a activated signaling cascades. These interconnected factors are significant in interactions between immune cells, keratinocytes, and inflammatory factors due to a higher degree of transglutaminase 2, mediated by activation of the keratinocyte hyperproliferation of the psoriatic patient's epidermis. This study discusses the pathology of Wnt5a signaling and its involvement in the epidermal inflammatory effects of psoriasis with other related pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, India
| | - Yogendra Singh
- Mahatma Gandhi College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jaipur, India
| | | | - Abhay Raizaday
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, India
| | - Khalid Saad Alharbi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad A Al-Abbasi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saurabh Satija
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India.,Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Murtaza M Tambuwala
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, COLERAINE, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Hari Prasad Devkota
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Anand Krishnan
- Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences and National Health Laboratory Service, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia
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46
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Huang Y, Fujii K, Chen X, Iwatani S, Chibana H, Kojima S, Kajiwara S. Fungal NOX is an essential factor for induction of TG2 in human hepatocytes. Med Mycol 2020; 58:679-689. [PMID: 31642483 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myz105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
NADPH oxidases (Nox) generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide anion radical (O2-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The pathogenic fungi Candida albicans and Candida glabrata enhance cellular transglutaminase 2 (TG2) activity levels in co-cultured human hepatic cells in a ROS-mediated manner. Deletion of NOX1 (CgNOX1) in C. glabrata blocks the ability of C. glabrata to induce TG2 activity. Here, we investigated whether Nox proteins from C. albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae are related with induction of TG2 activity in hepatic cells. C. albicans CFL11 (CaCFL11) was identified as a key factor in this fungus for hepatic TG2 induction in the co-cultures. The cfl11 mutant of C. albicans did not induce TG2 activity in hepatocytes. In addition, overexpression of YNO1, a homolog of CgNOX1, in S. cerevisiae led to induction of ROS generation and TG2 activity in hepatic cells in co-incubation experiments. These findings indicated that a fungal Nox plays a role in enhancing TG2 activity in human hepatocytes and leads to apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Huang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Keisuke Fujii
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Xinyue Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shun Iwatani
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroji Chibana
- Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Soichi Kojima
- Liver Cancer Prevention Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Saitama, Japan
| | - Susumu Kajiwara
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
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Liu CM, Yu CC, Lin T, Liao YW, Hsieh PL, Yu CH, Lee SS. E3 ligase STUB1 attenuates stemness and tumorigenicity of oral carcinoma cells via transglutaminase 2 regulation. J Formos Med Assoc 2020; 119:1532-1538. [PMID: 32553686 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2020.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Oral cancer is amongst the most prevalent cancers worldwide with rising incidence. Various attempts have been made to elucidate its pathogenesis, and we sought to examine the function of a ubiquitin E3 ligase that was encoded by STUB1. METHODS The mRNA expression of STUB1 in oral cancer samples and normal counterparts was determined by qRT-PCR. Numerous assays to assess the features of cancer cells, including self-renewal capacity, invasion and migration abilities were conducted following knockdown or overexpression of STUB1. RESULTS The expression level of STUB1 was reduced in oral cancer, which was associated with a reduced relapse-free survival. Two oral cancer cell lines with low expression of STUB1 (SAS and HSC3) were chosen for the overexpression of STUB1. We showed that ectopic expression of STUB1 led to the downregulation of TGM2, a multifunctional protein that contributed to cancer progression in several cancers. Our results demonstrated that overexpression of STUB1 suppressed the cancer aggressiveness, while restoration of TGM2 reverted the effects. Last, we showed that STUB1 silencing resulted in enhanced cancer features. CONCLUSION The abnormal downregulation of STUB1 may lessen its suppressive effect on TGM2, which induced the onset or exacerbated the progression of oral cancer. The therapeutic approach to enhance the expression of STUB1 could be a promising direction for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ming Liu
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chia Yu
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Taichen Lin
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wen Liao
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung
| | - Pei-Ling Hsieh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Hang Yu
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Shiuan-Shinn Lee
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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48
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Lénárt K, Pap A, Pórszász R, V. Oláh A, Fésüs L, Mádi A. Transglutaminase 2 Has Metabolic and Vascular Regulatory Functions Revealed by In Vivo Activation of Alpha1-Adrenergic Receptor. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3865. [PMID: 32485850 PMCID: PMC7312910 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The multifunctional tissue transglutaminase has been demonstrated to act as α1-adrenergic receptor-coupled G protein with GTPase activity in several cell types. To explore further the pathophysiological significance of this function we investigated the in vivo effects of the α1-adrenergic receptor agonist phenylephrine comparing responses in wild type and TG2-/- mice. Injection of phenylephrine, but not a beta3-adrenergic agonist (CL-316,243), resulted in the long-term decline of the respiratory exchange ratio and lower lactate concentration in TG2-/- mice indicating they preferred to utilize fatty acids instead of glucose as fuels. Measurement of tail blood pressure revealed that the vasoconstrictive effect of phenylephrine was milder in TG2-/- mice leading to lower levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzymes in blood. LDH isoenzyme patterns indicated more damage in lung, liver, kidney, skeletal, and cardiac muscle of wild type mice; the latter was confirmed by a higher level of heart-specific CK-MB. Our data suggest that TG2 as an α1-adrenergic receptor-coupled G protein has important regulatory functions in alpha1-adrenergic receptor-mediated metabolic processes and vascular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Lénárt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (K.L.); (A.P.); (L.F.)
- Doctoral School of Molecular Cell and Immune Biology, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Attila Pap
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (K.L.); (A.P.); (L.F.)
| | - Róbert Pórszász
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Anna V. Oláh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - László Fésüs
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (K.L.); (A.P.); (L.F.)
| | - András Mádi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (K.L.); (A.P.); (L.F.)
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49
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Zung N, Schuldiner M. New horizons in mitochondrial contact site research. Biol Chem 2020; 401:793-809. [PMID: 32324151 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2020-0133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Contact sites, areas where two organelles are held in close proximity through the action of molecular tethers, enable non-vesicular communication between compartments. Mitochondria have been center stage in the contact site field since the discovery of the first contact between mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) over 60 years ago. However, only now, in the last decade, has there been a burst of discoveries regarding contact site biology in general and mitochondrial contacts specifically. The number and types of characterized contacts increased dramatically, new molecular mechanisms enabling contact formation were discovered, additional unexpected functions for contacts were shown, and their roles in cellular and organismal physiology were emphasized. Here, we focus on mitochondria as we highlight the most recent developments, future goals and unresolved questions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naama Zung
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Maya Schuldiner
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
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50
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Lee YJ, Ting WH, Yang YW, Lin CJ, Hsieh YT, Huang CY, Lo FS, Chu CC, Lin CL, Lin WS, Lai TS. HLA-DQ genotype and biochemical characterization of anti-transglutaminase 2 antibodies in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus in Taiwan. FASEB J 2020; 34:8459-8474. [PMID: 32362042 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000269r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8 are genetic risk factors for Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) and Celiac disease (CD) in Caucasians, but their association with Taiwanese Han population is unknown. We screened 532 Taiwanese T1DM patients for CD biomarkers including anti-tissue transglutaminase (TGM2), anti-gliadin and anti-neoepitope antibodies (Abs), sequencing DQB1 genotypes, and characterized the TGM2 Abs. We report that 3.76% of Taiwanese patients had TGM2-Abs and all had no CD's symptoms. In contrast to Caucasian's CD patients, DQ2/DQ8 only constituted ~4/5 of TGM2-Abs positive patients, while the other ~1/5 patients belonged to different HLA genotypes. Either anti-gliadin or anti-neoepitope Abs coexisted with ~3/4 of TGM2-Abs positive patients that were likely due to gluten-ingestion, while the cause of TGM2-Abs production for other ~1/4 of patients was unknown. Purified anti-TGM2 IgA (TGA) and anti-TGM2 IgG (TGG) could bind on endothelial cells surface, recognized native better than denatured forms of TGM2, and TGA inhibited TGM2's transamidation activity by up to 80% but TGG had no effects. Epitope mapping of all TGM2-Abs positive sera demonstrated that TGM2-Abs had heterogeneity in specificities. This is the first study on the differences between Taiwanese Han group and Caucasian in HLA genotypes and properties of TGM2-Abs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann-Jinn Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Medicine, MaKkay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, MacKay Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital Tamsui District, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wei-Hsin Ting
- Department of Medicine, MaKkay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, MacKay Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.,MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Wen Yang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Cheng-Jui Lin
- MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Ting Hsieh
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chi-Yu Huang
- Department of Medicine, MaKkay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, MacKay Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.,MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Fu-Sung Lo
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chen-Chung Chu
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital Tamsui District, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chiung-Ling Lin
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital Tamsui District, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wen-Shan Lin
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital Tamsui District, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Thung-S Lai
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC
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